Cold roof device: material selection and installation. Cold roof installation Cold roof installation

The device of a cold attic in a building involves, as you know, the use of a lightweight version of the roof, which is also called "cold". characteristic feature such roofs is the absence of a layer of insulation in them, mounted between the vapor barrier layer and membrane waterproofing.

Note! This type of coating is usually made in cases where the attic space located under them is not residential and is used only as an auxiliary room.

Thus, the implementation of the cold attic project is usually reduced to the arrangement of the roof, which should include the following elements:

• roofing material the type you choose;
• protective waterproofing layer;
• main crate;
• counterlattice.

The presence of an additional crate with a waterproofing layer attached to it entails the formation of free spaces used as ventilation ducts that protect structural elements from condensate.

From a purely technical point of view, the installation of roof structures of this type is quite simple. When organizing it, due attention must be paid to the choice of roofing material that provides the required surface tightness and excludes the possibility of moisture penetration to wooden structures.

Roofing from a metal tile

Preparing a "cold" roof for a metal tile is the simplest and most convenient option its arrangement, as a result of which a kind of cake is obtained from roofing material, a layer of waterproofing and wooden crates.

The preparation of such a roof is not particularly difficult and includes the following simple operations:

1. First of all, a waterproofing film is hemmed to the rafters with the help of small nails or a construction stapler.
2. Then this film is covered with boards of a counter-lattice, which is mounted on the rafters using wood screws (the selected installation step depends on the size of the metal tile sheet).
3. In some cases, to prepare the surface of the counter-lattice, a continuous coating is used, recruited from sheets of moisture-resistant plywood.

As a waterproofing layer, a special PVC membrane or an ordinary polyethylene film can be used, fastened at its location with a slight sag (from 15 to 25 mm). Such sagging creates conditions for ventilation of the waterproofing layer and removal of the condensate formed on it towards the eaves (gutter tray).

You should pay attention to a number of conditions that must be taken into account when arranging cold roof. Firstly, the boards of the counter-lattice must be packed parallel to the rafters used as the base of the entire structure, thereby providing additional fastening of the waterproofing hemmed to it.

Secondly, the crate of such a roof should be made of wooden beam with a section of 50 × 50 mm, installed in increments of 35 – 45 cm along its slopes. In this case, the choice of the step size (as well as the material for the crate) depends on the type of metal tile you use, as well as on the angle of inclination of the blood.

When installing a cold attic under the tiles, it should be understood that a thin metal sheet and a waterproofing layer will not provide you with proper sound insulation. At the same time, the noise level in the under-roof space (during heavy rain, for example) due to the lack of a layer of insulation can significantly exceed the value normalized in SNiP.

Some subtleties of roofing installation

Experienced experts advise paying attention to the following circumstances of arranging a cold attic:

1. In the event that you plan to insulate the attic space in the future, it is necessary to approach the choice of a moisture-proof membrane with full responsibility. by the most the best option in this case, it seems to be the use of a waterproofing layer in the form of a PVC membrane.
2. If roof insulation is not expected in the near future, it is best to use a micro-perforated waterproofing film designed specifically for cold roofs.

The fact is that when using such a film, its contact with insulating materials is unacceptable, therefore, in the case of insulation, you will first have to dismantle it and only after that lay a new waterproofing. If this condition is not observed, the required reliability of the structure protection is not guaranteed by the manufacturer, and the insulation placed in the "pie" will be exposed to moisture.

Among the materials present on the Russian market, most often used for arranging a cold roof, the following items can be distinguished:

• superdiffusion membrane brand "TechnoNIKOL";
• polymer coatings under the names "Pural" and "Prism";
• metal tile brand "Supermonterrey".

The product under the name "TechnoNIKOL" is a film membrane consisting of 2 layers of non-woven polypropylene and a layer of polypropylene film and providing the possibility of one-sided vapor diffusion.

Pural polymer coating is a membrane-type material made on the basis of polyurethane and has excellent anti-corrosion properties. In addition, it is resistant to mechanical stress and can be operated in a wide temperature range.

A product called "Prism" (UK) is a film metallized coating, consisting of 95% zinc and only 5% aluminum. The addition of aluminum to the material makes it possible to increase its protection against corrosive and mechanical influences.

The multi-colored tile covering "Supermonterrey" is made in the form of metal sheet blanks of a standard size, having a thickness of about 0.5 millimeters.

Video

This video provides an overview of cold roof materials:

Today, a cold roof made of metal tiles is often erected. Such a product is perfect if the attic space will not be used as a residential building.

It should be noted that today metal tiles are not the market leader in roofing materials. However, the owners of private houses find a large number of advantages in this material, so the demand for it is constantly growing. Many companies make metal tiles, so every owner of a private house will find a suitable option.

If you follow the manufacturer's instructions and follow the advice of experienced craftsmen, then there will be no problems installing this material.

Features of the installation of a roof made of metal are that it is necessary to provide an outlet for ventilation through which condensate will be removed. This is necessary in order to protect the carrier rails and roofing from the negative effects of moisture.

Before construction works you need to perform calculations, determine the angle of inclination, the step of the crate and choose the method of fixing the material.

To install a roof of this design, the following elements are required:

• wooden boards;
• vapor barrier;
• waterproofing;
• metal tile;
• staples;
• twine;
• nails made of galvanized metal.

Features of a cold roof

This roof has simple design. It differs from warm in its device. It is worth considering the option of roofing. When using metal sheets, it is necessary to provide a ventilation slot through which condensate will be removed from the space under the roof. In this case, the metal sheet will not corrode.

The device of such a roof is the installation of a rafter system, on which a polyethylene film is laid. After that, you need to nail the counter-lattice, the crate and the coating material. It is best to use a metal tile.

The features of such a roof are the absence of a heat-insulating layer, as well as the presence of exits for ventilation under the ridge and on the slopes through which moisture will be removed. Design and installation are not complex processes, the main thing is to correctly perform all the calculations.

The installation process has the following features:

1. If you plan to arrange a warm roof, then special attention should be paid to the choice of a membrane to protect against excess moisture. For the attic device, you can use a membrane that is made of PVC.
2. If it is not planned to insulate the structure, you can use microperforated waterproofing, which is intended exclusively for cold metal roofing. Such a film does not allow materials for thermal insulation to be placed next to it, and therefore, in the process of insulation, a new membrane must be purchased. If this condition is not met, the roof cannot be protected from excess moisture, the insulation material will be wet, and the roof coating will begin to corrode.

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The sequence of actions for the device of the roof

In order to properly install the membrane, it must be taken into account that its installation is carried out with a slight sag.

Such a gap will allow air to move freely in the space under the roof, removing all the condensate. The membrane must not be damaged. The element is fixed with a construction stapler. Definitely need to do an overlap. The extreme parts of the film are attached with adhesive tape.

The features of the cold roof include the fact that it can be arranged in regions with any climate. Most people mistakenly believe that this type of roof is not suitable for the northern regions, but this is not the case. The attic floor will be insulated, so the use of such a design will not affect the indoor climate on the upper floors. The attic space can not be used, since the installation of a layer of insulation material between last floor and the space under the roof can solve all the problems that relate to heat loss.

In the process of installing a roof of this type, it will be necessary to properly isolate technological gaps and exits.

To do this, all ventilation shafts, chimneys and entrances to the roof base must be thermally insulated. Thanks to this, the following troubles can be avoided:

• the appearance of condensate;
• ingress of precipitation;
• heat losses.

To cover this design, you can use almost any material for the roof. In most cases, a metal tile is used, which is very easy to install. This option is considered the most preferable, since all laying actions can be performed in a short period of time, and no additional actions will be required in the future.

Flexible shingles can also be used. However, in this case, some difficulties may arise, which will make installation more expensive and difficult. Therefore, it is recommended to use metal sheets.

Before mounting the material, several preparatory operations must be performed. The main one is the calculation of roof slopes for flatness and squareness. There may be several slopes, but in the end you should get a flat plane. Otherwise, the sheets will not converge at the junctions.

For marking, you need a twine of such a length that you can block the diagonal of the slopes. The rope should be stretched from the top corner of the slope to the bottom. At the intersection, they should slightly touch.

The attic of the cold type is simpler than the insulated variety, but there are subtleties here too. We analyze the arrangement of a roof with a cold attic, as well as advice from experienced builders.

The cold type of attics is most common in individual construction. It is rightly believed that it is easier to build such a roof than to do a full-fledged warming of the space under the roof. However, when arranging a roof with a cold attic, there are non-obvious points. Let's figure out what mistakes are most often made by inexperienced builders and how to make a cold roof according to all the rules.

Thermal protection of a cold attic

According to physical laws, hot air rises and cold air falls. In an application this means that the heat from the house will tend to escape through the roof through any gap in the insulation. Therefore, it is necessary to create a reliable insulating layer on the way of the ascending warm flow. Its recommended thickness is 30-35 cm.

At the same time, the upward flow of air takes out of the living quarters not only moisture, but also water vapor. If you do not block moisture from the road, the wet insulation will cease to perform its functions and will turn into an ideal place for the development of bacteria and mold fungi. To block the path of water vapor, a layer of membrane material is laid under the insulation, which is permeable to gases, but retains water.

Another problem when creating thermal protection for a cold attic is the almost inevitable condensation of water on the underside of the roofing material in the evening. After sunset, the temperature outside drops quickly, so the roof cools down in just an hour. The air in the attic space stays warm much longer. In this case, dew is inevitable. To prevent falling drops from soaking the insulation, the roof is lined from below with a layer of waterproofing.

The appearance of condensation on the insulation is unlikely. With the correct design of the “pie”, its lower side will be warm, and the upper side will be cold. The air in the attic is updated through the vents, and moisture does not accumulate in the insulation layer. Thus, the floor insulation forms a reliable protection against heat loss, and the waterproofing layers do not allow water vapor to accumulate in the attic.

Having dealt with the basic principles of thermal protection of the attic space, we will consider in detail all the components of a properly equipped cold roof in order to find out what pitfalls can be encountered during construction. In order to find out the best way to insulate the ceiling under a cold roof, read this article.

Rafter system: how to correctly calculate the number of legs

The main task of the rafters is to become reliable support for the roof. Rafter legs must confidently withstand the weight of the roofing material and the additional load created by wind and snow masses. If the weight of the roof is easy to calculate based on the properties of the selected material, then the snow load is individual for each region. You can get data on average and peak load from the meteorological service of the region.

Since the roof will not be insulated, when calculating the distance between the elements truss system the width of the insulation layers is not taken into account. There are many options for the frame for a cold roof. The most common solutions fit into the following parameters:

• The lumber used is a board with a width of 10 to 20 cm and a thickness of 5-7 cm.
• The step between the rafter legs is from 0.6 to 1.2 m.
• The counter-lattice is made of a board 3-4 cm thick.

The calculation of each element of the frame for the roof, optimal for the planned load on the roof, will help to perform network calculators. Such services (for example, kalk.pro) allow you to determine the geometric dimensions of each element, build a three-dimensional model and print drawings.

When creating a rafter system, it is extremely important to achieve the location of the outer surface of all rafter legs strictly in the same plane. If the rafters are not set evenly enough, problems cannot be avoided when creating the crate and roofing. To perfectly align all the elements, the extreme rafters are rigidly fixed with spacers, and a cord is pulled between them. In order to learn how to properly install the truss system gable roof read with your own hands.

Roof waterproofing: is it worth it?

Insufficiently experienced builders often question the fundamental need to build a waterproof layer on a cold roof. As an argument, an example is given of old village houses that have been standing for decades without needing roof repairs, despite the absence of moisture-protective layers.

However, this argument does not apply to modern construction. The fact is that in old and modern building technologies there is a whole range of significant differences:

• Old construction technologies involved the use of absorbent insulation. IN different regions mixtures of clay and sawdust, various industrial slags and other porous materials were used. A thick layer of backfill served as a heater and at the same time perfectly absorbed condensate. Modern insulation materials are hydrophobic, so water will go into the ceiling, and this will not end well.
• The pediments and overhangs of the roof in the old days were sewn up with boards without much fuss, while leaving many gaps. This roof design was perfectly ventilated, so any leaks and condensate quickly dried up. Modern materials much less air permeable.
• Modern complex architectural forms roofs significantly complicate ventilation compared to the simplest gable roofs.
• Roof country house almost never got off the bottom. This made it easier to inspect and search for damage. In addition, the attic was almost always used for storage of various things. This means that any leak was detected (and corrected) very quickly. Modern house it is built in such a way that there is no need to visit the attic, and it is much more difficult to detect a leak.

All these changes in construction technology have made roof waterproofing not an empty precaution, but an absolutely necessary element. Modern waterproofing films (for example, Yutafol D110, Yutacon, Izospan D) are cheap, easy to install and allow you to permanently get rid of condensate.

Layers of insulating film are laid across the rafters. Each new layer is laid above the previous one. To prevent moisture seepage between the strips, the installation is overlapped (the new canvas is layered on the previous strip by 6-8 cm).

After the entire roof slope is covered, the hydrobarrier sheet is fixed with the help of a counter-lattice. It will reliably press the waterproofing film to the rafters and create an additional gap between the roofing and waterproofing. The gap will facilitate the evaporation of condensate.

Lathing installation

The crate across the rafters is done in two ways. Sheathing from solid sheets (OSB or moisture resistant plywood can be used) is done if soft tiles or profiled sheets are planned to be used for roofing. Under the impact of raindrops, these materials make a lot of noise. A solid crate will reduce noise. In addition, it is easier to attach roofing to a continuous crate.

Sheets are laid from the front gable to the back. Then all the extensions will be in that part of the roof that is least conspicuous. With temperature changes, plywood (like OSB) will expand and contract, so a gap of 1-1.5 cm is left between the sheets. When installation is completed, the gaps are filled with roofing sealant to block the path of water.

In order not to doubt the reliability of the crate, use OSB with a thickness of at least 1.2 cm, and plywood - at least 0.8 cm. These parameters are optimal for a rafter pitch of 0.6 m. With an increase in the pitch, the thickness of the sheets of the continuous crate is proportionally increased.

The second way to build the crate involves the use of boards. At the same time, both edged and unedged varieties are suitable, the main thing is that the thickness of the boards be the same. Boards are nailed to the rafters with ordinary nails. It is better not to use screws or self-tapping screws for this work.

Boards before installation are sorted by width. The widest lumber is run along the slope so that they meet the joint between the sheets of roofing material. Narrower boards are allowed between the main elements. The step between the boards is selected based on the recommendations of the manufacturer of the roofing material.

Attic ventilation

There are two requirements for ventilation of the attic space:

• Sufficient ventilation area. So, if the roof area is less than 300 sq. m, that's enough front door into the attic and one window on the opposite gable. If the roof area is large, additional vents are made in the upper part of the slope.
• Airflow control capability. In the summer heat, the ventilation openings open as wide as possible, in the winter frost they overlap to prevent the attic from cooling out.

The total area of ​​the ventilation openings is determined based on the area of ​​the attic. 1 sq.m. ducts will provide reliable ventilation of the attic of 500 sq.m. In this case, heat loss will not be any noticeable. The minimum allowable ratio is 1 to 300.

To make it easier for you to imagine all the stages of work, watch the proposed videos. They contain advice from experienced builders that will help you not to make a mistake with the selection of materials and the arrangement of a roof with a cold attic:

So that the roof does not require repair, and the house is warm in any weather, the construction of a cold roof must be approached as responsibly as possible. If each stage of construction is carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of technology, the roof will last for decades without requiring repairs.

If you do not plan to make a living room in the attic, you can leave the attic cold - store some things here, arrange a workshop, hayloft, etc. The roof does not need to be insulated. How is a cold roof made of soft tiles, are there any features?

The device of a cold roof from a soft tile

The basic rule for cold attics does not depend on the coating: a full-fledged pie is made in attic floor otherwise the house will be cold.

note

There are more insulation options on the floor than on a pitched roof: expanded clay, sawdust-clay mixture can be used as a heat insulator. The layer will turn out to be thick, but for an unexploited attic, this does not really matter. But cheap.

Otherwise, the cake is made according to all the rules: vapor barrier, waterproofing, the floor is sewn up with boards from above.

The second feature concerns ventilation. This is where the material differences come into play. Soft roofs (unlike profile metal) do not have waves that would serve as ventilation. The bituminous covering is completely tight, does not breathe.

note

A ridge aerator for flexible tiles should be installed in any case, it does not depend on the roof structure or on its insulation.

Otherwise, the technology of a cold roof made of soft tiles differs from that of an insulated one: on cold roofs, a continuous crate can be laid directly on the rafters (without a counter beam). The entire attic serves as a ventilation gap. The crate and rafters are not closed from the inside.

Features of ventilation of a cold roof from a soft roof

When installing a cold roof, additional measures are taken to ventilate the attic:

• V wooden houses with gable roofs on all gables, boards are loosely fitted, air penetrates through the cracks. This method is easy to perform, but it is not suitable for houses with stone / brick gables, as well as for hip roofs which have no gables at all. Another disadvantage is that rainwater penetrates into the cracks along with the wind;

• ventilation holes are made in stone and brick gables. Their total area is 0.2 percent of the area of ​​the attic itself, otherwise it will not be enough for full ventilation. Ventilation grilles are placed with holes down so that rainwater does not flow into the attic;

• for hip roofs, one ventilation hole is located in the filing of the cornice, the second - at the ridge. Loosely fitted boards or perforated plastic soffits can be used as filing;

• hipped and round roofs do not have a ridge. This will require the installation of point aerators.

More about ventilation soft roof I already wrote in one of the articles. You can get to know her.

Our work

Approximate instructions for installing a cold attic on a soft tile roof

Due to the lack of a pie, it is easier to make a cold roof than a warm one:

1. Lay a solid sheathing of plywood or OSB on the rafters. Plates must be laid with a gap between the joints. The joints should fall on the rafter legs. Between adjacent plates/sheets - a technological gap of 3 mm. Fastening with screws or nails.

2. Underlayment: on flat roofs, cover the entire area of ​​the roof.

note

Installation of the carpet starts from below: the lining is rolled out along the cornice overhang and fixed with roofing nails after 20 centimeters. The upper strip is laid with an overlap on the lower one by 10 cm. The overlap of the transverse joint is 15 cm. All joints of the strips are sealed.

3. Install cornice drip strips over the edge of the carpet. Fix with nails in a zigzag after 10 cm.

4. Install the end strips in the same way.

5. In the valleys they lay over the lining. Fix the edges with nails after 20 cm.

6. The tiles are laid in rows from the eaves to the ridge. Installation of tiles on gable roofs starts from the end, on hip roofs - from the middle of the overhang.

7. Lay on top of the plank with an indent from the edge of 3-5 cm. Put it on glue (or on a self-adhesive layer), fix it with nails. The joints of the cornice strips should be closed with petals.

8. The next rows are laid so that the petals overlap the attachment points of the previous ones.

9. In the valleys and at the ends, the tiles are cut and put on glue. Fixation with nails.

A metal tile is a roofing covering based on galvanized steel with a polymer or paint layer, used for the construction of a cold or warm roof. It is produced by cold rolling from steel billets. Strengths metal tiles are considered:

• A light weight. One square meter of metal tile weighs 5.5-6.5 kg, which allows laying on a sparse crate without reinforcing truss frame roofs.
• Long service life. High-quality metal tiles, as well as additional elements made of galvanized steel, have been in operation for more than 20-25 years with proper maintenance and timely repairs.
• Corrosion resistance. Zinc layer, polymer coating reliably protect steel from water, because the metal tile does not corrode.
• High bearing capacity. Due to the wavy profile, the metal tile has a high bearing capacity and does not deform under the influence of intense loads.
• Resistant to temperature changes. Temperature drops do not affect the strength properties, the integrity of the material, so it is used in all climatic zones.

Important! It is recommended to lay the metal profile coating on single-pitched and multi-pitched roofs with a slope of at least 12 degrees. For the installation of a cold roof, you will need directly roofing material, as well as additional elements: valleys, ridges, eaves or gable strips, drainage elements, spotlights for filing cornices, lightning protection, snow retainers

The design of a warm roof implies the additional use of insulation and vapor barrier.

The structure of a sheet of metal

Possible sizes of sheets of metal

Ventilation

The relative complexity of the design of a metal roof requires additional measures to ensure sufficient ventilation of the internal spaces of the roof.

Ventilation schemes differ when using cold and warm types of roofing.

Air exits through holes in the roof ridge. With this scheme, it is possible to stop air exchange when an ice crust forms in the internal space due to temperature differences, which makes it not the most reliable ventilation device.

A cold roof makes it possible to build a more extensive and reliable ventilation system. With this scheme, pipes are constructed that pass through the roof and go into the attic. Dormer windows are built on the slopes of the roof. The arrangement of such ventilation is relatively expensive, but the reliability of this system is at a high level.

IMPORTANT!
In a warm roof, the construction of any additional bulky structures is not carried out, air circulation is ensured by the creation of gaps between the insulation and the metal tile, as well as the correct location of the crate.

The main mistakes when installing a roofing pie under a metal tile

1. Measurements and calculation of the required materials must be entrusted to experienced specialists. Otherwise, mistakes made can lead to additional costs for the purchase of missing elements or unnecessary costs for excess materials.
2. When unloading, the metal tile must not be dragged along the ground. The inner layers of the polymer coating are damaged during such handling of the material, which further leads to corrosion of the metal.
3. Sheets of metal tiles cannot be saved, since increasing the length creates additional joints. In the future, they will become a potential source of depressurization of the roofing pie and moisture ingress.
4. Sheets of metal tiles can not be strongly bent. This negatively affects the relief of the roofing. During installation, the joints of the sheets will be uneven. The resulting gaps will cause moisture to penetrate. Visually, these defects are very noticeable, which greatly spoils appearance the entire roof.
5. The service life of the outer coating will be significantly reduced if it is installed without a counter-lattice.
6. In the process of erecting a roof, it is necessary to level the crate. An uneven base leads to deformation of metal sheets, the formation of gaps at the joints and a decrease in the service life of the material.
7. In no case should you use a grinder to cut sheets of metal. The abrasive wheel burns through polymer coating, and hot grains, falling on the surface of the material, spoil it. The same mistake is made by those who use grinder with abrasive wheel. Cutting metal tiles with this tool leads to the fact that not only the polymer coating deteriorates, but also the zinc layers are burned through. Subsequently, rusty smudges form in these places.
8. If during the installation the mineral wool slabs are deformed or crushed, then it, having reduced its thickness, will lose its heat-insulating properties.
9. Joints of sheets of metal tiles, junctions of material with chimneys, as well as adjoining windows, must not be filled with mounting foam. Such an error speaks more about negligence than they do about the builder's ignorance of their business. Polyurethane foam is sensitive to ultraviolet radiation, under the influence of which it crumbles.
10. The installation of a metal tile roofing pie is a responsible process, therefore, to attract it, it is necessary to select qualified builders.

Video: how not to fix a metal tile

Compliance with construction technology, selection quality materials and the involvement of experienced specialists will make it possible to produce a high-quality roof for metal tiles. These conditions will guarantee the durability and strength of the erected structure.

Materials used

We found out that waterproofing is essential element roofs covered with metal tiles. But what should be a high-quality layer that protects against water? The requirements for waterproofing are as follows:

• it must have increased fire resistance;
• pass steam well;
• indicators of strength and reliability should be on top;
• the material should not deteriorate with sudden changes in temperature, be afraid of ultraviolet radiation;
• the layer must withstand a certain level of mechanical stress;
• waterproofing should not be afraid of pest attack or be prone to mold development;
• also, it should cope well with its main tasks and not harm human health.

Laying waterproofing material

Can be used for waterproofing different kinds materials. All of them have a lot of differences from each other, including different resistance to light, strength, quality and durability.

For the most part, special roofing films with several layers are used for waterproofing metal roofing. There are reinforcing and absorbent layers. The first provides protection from precipitation, and the second is able to absorb moisture coming from the inside, so that condensation cannot accumulate on the waterproofing and mold pockets form. Also, on both sides, the material usually has a lamination of polyethylene.

Roofing films

Such a coating has special pores that allow the passage of vapors that form inside the house, but at the same time do not allow moisture from the outside to spoil the materials from which the roof is made. This feature of the material, called vapor permeability, is especially important if the attic is converted into an attic and used as a living space.

Conclusion of vapor and waterproofing on the roof, screwing of metal tiles

Advice! When choosing a material for waterproofing, it is important to pay attention to its service life. It should coincide with the life of the metal tile so that you do not have to disassemble the roof and lay the waterproofing again if it fails, and the main roofing material is still usable

Service life of the special film used under a metal tile makes 50 years.

Name	Short description
Standard or Classic	Film with low vapor permeability, for which it is important to equip the so-called double-circuit ventilation, which will be located between the roofing and waterproofing materials, as well as between the film and the roof insulation layer. The gaps between them should be 3-5 cm. The material is ideal for the construction of a cold roof or a roof with a simple design.
Anti-condensate	A material that also requires the creation of dual-circuit ventilation. The film is equipped with a moisture-absorbing fleecy layer that perfectly retains excess water. This is a fairly dense material, rough to the touch, durable and not afraid of exposure to ultraviolet radiation. But the vapor permeability of such a film is low.
Superdiffusion	Most best material for roof waterproofing, as it has increased vapor barrier performance and does not require the arrangement of dual-circuit ventilation. It is enough to leave gaps between the film itself and the roofing. Installation of such a film is simple, it has a long service life. The main disadvantage is the high price.

Isover Tyvek Solid Roofing Film

On a note! Common and still used hydrobarriers, made on the basis of bitumen and bituminous mastic, for arranging a roof made of metal tiles should not be used.

Of course, a cheaper film can be used for temporary roofing, but for capital construction it is better to take high-quality, albeit expensive material. It is not worth saving here and it is better to buy a diffusion membrane coating. All indicators of the purchased film are shown on the edge tape that frames the material. The film is produced in rolls 1.5 m wide and 50 m long. The density of the material is about 140 g/m2. A prominent representative of the material that is optimal for laying under a metal tile is Izospan AM or AS.

Izospan AM

Izospan AS

Insulation of a metal roof with polystyrene foam

Scheme of roof insulation from metal tiles with foam plastic.

Styrofoam has become quite widespread as a heater for metal tiles. In addition to the low price, it has the following properties:

• due to the lightness of the material, insulation does not require additional strengthening of the supporting structures of the roof;
• the insulation is very easy to install, it can be processed with any tools;
• polystyrene is environmentally friendly and does not cause allergies;
• resistant to biological substances, therefore not susceptible to mold or bacteria growth;
• good indicators of resistance to moisture and temperature extremes;
• insulation with foam will last a long time;
• insulation has good soundproofing properties;
• the foamy structure of the foam provides low thermal conductivity, which allows it to perfectly retain heat;
• low price.

Styrofoam can be used to insulate roofs of any structure, but it is best suited for flat roofs. Insulation of complex pitched roofs with foam plastic requires good skills, since when laying, you should try to avoid the formation of cold bridges - seams and joints. In some cases, this result can be difficult to achieve due to the rigidity of the foam. In this case, there is a possibility that condensate may accumulate in the voids formed, as a result of which the roof rafters will be destroyed or corrosion of the metal parts of the roof frame will occur.

Insulation of the roofs of residential buildings should be carried out only with the use of special foam that does not emit harmful fumes when heated and belongs to fireproof, self-extinguishing materials. When determining the thickness of the foam, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the rafters. If thermal insulation material will be laid in 2 layers, it may turn out to be more than the thickness of the rafters, which will lead to the need to build them up for subsequent finishing.

When choosing a foam plastic for a metal tile, it is necessary to take into account its density, which is the main indicator of the ability to withstand loads. For example, for pitched roofs it is better to use a material with a density of 15 kg / m3 with a thickness of 100 mm, and for flat exploited roofs - PSB-35 foam.

Calculation of the amount of metal tiles

To calculate the required number of sheets of material, you first need to decide on the type of profile and the manufacturer of the metal tile - you will need exact dimensions the material itself, and each profile has its own. Then it is necessary to make accurate measurements of the slopes - the length, height, if any, it is necessary to measure all the protrusions or other decorative elements that will need to be sheathed with roofing material. If the roof has a complex shape, it is better to draw its plan, put down all the dimensions and then sit down for the calculations.

Number of rows

It is best to look for metal tiles not in stores or markets. It is advisable to go directly to the manufacturer. The point is not only the price - it may not differ very much, but the fact that many workshops / factories offer to cut sheets of the required dimensions. The minimum sheet height is 0.7 m, the maximum is 8 m. That is, you can order the required number of sheets covering the roof slope from the ridge to the overhang (including the ledge).

This option is good because the metal roof will not have horizontal joints, which means there will be less chance of a leak. The second plus is the minimum amount of waste and a smaller amount of the material itself (due to the absence of horizontal overlaps, several square meters). Cons - difficulties with delivery, lifting long sheets upstairs, inconvenient installation.

Calculation rectangular slope roofing

When using sheets standard sizes, the height of the roof slope is divided by the useful length of the sheet. The resulting figure is always rounded up. The useful length is obtained after the horizontal overlap is subtracted from the total length - from 100 to 200 mm. The flatter the slope, the greater the overlap of the sheets is necessary so that precipitation cannot enter the under-roof space. On roofs with an angle of inclination up to 12°, one sheet overlaps another by at least 200 mm, with an inclination of 12° to 30°, the overlap is 150-200 mm, more than 30° - 100-150 mm. The specified amount of overlap is subtracted from the total length of the sheet, this will be the “useful length”.

An example of calculating the number of rows of metal tiles on the roof. Let the slope length be 4.5 m, the useful sheet length be 2.3 m. Divide 4.5 by 2.3, we get 1.95, round to an integer - we get 2 rows. In this case, only a small part of one sheet will go to waste, but there are times when more than half is cut off. This is very unprofitable, since you can’t use this piece anywhere else.

Number of sheets in a row

Take the length of the slope and divide by the useful width of the sheet. This setting is specified in technical specifications to metal tiles. Most often it is 110 cm (1.1 m). The resulting number is rounded up, we get the number of sheets in a row.

An example of the calculation of sheets of metal tiles in a row. Let the length of the overhang be 8 m, the useful width of the sheet is 1.1 m. When dividing, we get 7.27 pieces, but we round up to a larger integer and get 8 pieces in one row. Moreover, more than 2/3 of one sheet will go to waste.

Features of hip roofs

In hip roofs, the slopes have a triangular or trapezoidal shape. Here it is necessary to select the length of the sheet - to minimize the amount of waste.

An example of the layout of sheets of metal tiles on a hip roof

The height is chosen so that no more than half goes to waste. It is quite difficult to do this manually, and still there is a solid error - there will be 20-25% more waste than when calculating using programs. They are usually available from vendors and manufacturers. It is better to provide them with an accurate calculation, and at home to pre-measure the parameters of the roof (or call a measurer), and then try to choose the dimensions yourself. Then you can compare the number required material calculated by you and proposed.

Determination of the number of additional elements

Roofing from metal tiles requires a large number of different additional elements(dobors), which make out the ridge, the edge of the overhang, the sides of the slope, the passage of the pipe, the valley (the junction of two adjacent roof slopes). The more complex the shape of the roof, the more dobros are required. With a simple gable roof, you will need ridge elements and plugs, eaves and gable strips. That's all.

What are the additional elements for a roof made of metal and why are they needed

Despite the wide variety of extensions, they are all considered the same. Take the length of the surface on which you want to mount and divide by the useful length of the element. It is usually standard and is 1.9 m (total length 2 m). The result is rounded up.

Proper arrangement of ventilation

As for this item, metal roofing is simply unique in its kind. With all the effort to make the coating airtight and to protect the roofing pie from atmospheric precipitation as much as possible, there are many difficulties when working with this material. All because of the unusual shape of the metal tile, which allows snow and raindrops to gradually fly under the cover.

And this is already bad for a heater, and for any heater. That is why competent ventilation is needed here, which will immediately bring out such accidentally flown snowflakes or drops. That is why when insulating a metal roof, the only correct option is forced ventilation. Believe me, natural will not be enough.

Additionally, be sure to use a guide. The flow guide is used in eaves. Its main purpose is to direct and remove air from the heat-insulating material, thereby protecting it from possible snow blowing during a snowstorm. On the other hand, the flow guide prevents loose mineral wool from spilling over the eaves or roof vents.

This unusual product is made from impregnated moisture-resistant cardboard. Izover air guides are designed for rafters that come in increments of 90 or 120 cm, but if you wish, you can also cope with a non-standard step

Pay attention to the photo of this step-by-step instruction for insulating a metal roof - the pink unusual detail is the flow guide:

Metal roof top layer

As the roof itself is a certain completion of the structure, so material such as metal tiles is the top part of the roofing pie.

Important! Competent professional installation of high-quality metal tiles, which has high quality characteristics, is a guarantee of maximum efficient operation roofing. This material is able to serve without loss of quality for a huge number of years, the roof will delight every owner of the house for a long time.
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Modern professional manufacturers of this material guarantee that general term operation of a metal tile, subject to all norms for installation and use, can reach 50 years. This attracts a large number of developers, and also determines their choice.

An important element that is responsible for the quality and practicality of the roofing cake, which is directly responsible for the tightness of such an element as a roof, is such an element as a sealant. It is installed on special skates, to such elements as wind, valley and special wall strips.

Important! It is required about twice a year to carry out the most thorough inspection of the entire surface of the roof for preventive purposes.

Particular attention must be paid to all additional elements present, structural joints and some kind of adjoining.
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Important! All materials used must be qualitatively calibrated and very well dried, strictly in natural conditions. Before equipping the crate or counter-crate, the materials used are best treated with special antiseptics and substances such as flame retardants.

Scheme of the device of a roof from a metal tile.

A shed unloaded roof can be insulated with slabs of increased rigidity. For gable roof in some cases, insulation with materials of low density is allowed, but with a foiled one-sided surface. It is especially convenient to use such products in the thermal insulation of the attic. The roof is upholstered on the inside so that the foil is on top - the heat will be reflected and partially returned to the room.

A properly insulated roof is a multilayer structure:

• protective film;
• thermal insulating material;
• waterproof membrane;
• crate of wooden slats;
• layer of metal.

After 5-6 years, new insulation will be needed, which will entail extra costs. Therefore, it should be remembered: compliance with the technology will help to avoid mistakes when insulating the roof and save a lot of time and effort, and properly selected materials will provide heat in the premises for many years. Roof coverings from a metal tile - The best decision for your home! In the next article - how to insulate ventilation on a metal roof.

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Creating a ventilation space

Ventilation under the roof– required element because it serves several purposes at once:

• removes moisture accumulating under the roof;
• prevents the formation of icy areas and equalizes the temperature over the entire surface in winter period;
• prevents the penetration of street heat in hot weather.

A special ventilated roof ridge is designed to remove air, and air inflow occurs through the overhang of the eaves. If you do not properly install the ventilation system, you will soon encounter the problem of high humidity, and as a result, the structure will quickly become unusable.

Metal tile on roofing material

A common version of the substrate for metal roofing is roofing material. Such material can be used for an uninsulated attic.

This scheme has a lot of advantages:

• roofing material - inexpensive substrate which will significantly save your repair costs;
• substrate mounting does not require special skills and abilities;
• roofing material - popular building material so you can buy it everywhere.

However, for high-quality installation of metal tiles on roofing material, it is necessary follow certain rules:

• in no case should sheets be laid directly on the roofing material, this creates favorable conditions for the displacement of the structure. It is necessary to make a crate in two layers: 1 - along the roofing material, 2 - under the wave of the metal tile;
• as an alternative, you can fill the usual slats along the installed rafters;
• to prevent fire and simplify the ventilation of the room, it is worth building ventilation holes.

Roofing is best left to the professionals. However, if you are determined to do all the work yourself, then carry them out in accordance with the established requirements. Only in this case, you can get a durable and reliable design.

pitched roofs

Advice. Pitched roofs can be insulated from the inside when vapor and waterproofing has already been laid. Do-it-yourself warming is best done at the time when the roof is being built.

Pitched roofs are, as a rule, a supporting frame system, which includes rafters, a mauerlat, a ridge, a crate, struts and other elements. The bearing parts of the system are usually made of metal profiles or wood. In such a multilayer structure, the thermal insulation layer is placed inside the supporting frame. Glass wool, lightweight mineral wool slabs are best suited for warming a pitched roof.

Installation procedure and features

Before you cover the roof with a metal tile with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the rules for working with the material:

• First of all, you need to take care of proper storage- in ventilated stacks, arranged with bars.
• When cutting, do not use an angle grinder (grinder), but cut only with a jigsaw or scissors for metal. The grinder overheats the metal, due to which the zinc evaporates, in the places of the cut the material will begin to rust.
• Start laying the sheets from the lower right corner (the installation diagram of the metal tiles is in the photo below).
• When mounting, wear soft, well-fitting shoes, step only in the lower part of the wave.

How to cover the roof with metal tiles: rules

Next, we will talk about the device. Metal roofing comes in two versions: with a cold or insulated attic. Depending on the type chosen, the order of work changes - when arranging a warm attic, two more layers are added - a heater and a vapor barrier membrane from the side of the room.

Cold metal roofing

This type of roof is suitable if the attic is planned to be non-residential. Then all the insulation is concentrated in the ceiling, and the function of the roof is only to protect from rain and wind. The order of work is as follows:

• The first lath of the crate (higher) is installed along the overhang.
• A drip bar is attached to it.

A waterproofing membrane is spread over the rafter legs. Installation begins from below, the film is rolled out along the overhang. The lower edge of the film comes to the drip bar, ending after the inflection line. Fasten the film with strips 30-35 mm thick to each rafter leg, not a stretch, but a mandatory sag of 2-2.5 cm. The second row of the film overlaps the first by at least 15 cm, the joint is glued with a special adhesive tape (sold in the same place as the membrane). The membrane is attached to the drip bar with self-tapping screws (galvanized or stainless steel).

Cold roofing from metal tiles: settlement of layers

• Boards (bars) of the crate are attached to the planks that hold the film with the selected step. Use galvanized or stainless steel screws, the same nails with a large flat head. The length of the self-tapping screw and nails is three times the thickness of the battens.
• Sheets of metal tiles are laid on the crate, exposing them strictly along the overhang (if you have it exactly horizontally). Neighboring sheets overlap in one wave, installation is carried out from the bottom up, with the obligatory horizontal overlap by the required amount (see above).
• Mount ridge elements, end strips. They are fixed with the same self-tapping screws as the metal tile, in increments of 10 cm.

Warm roof

When installing an insulated roof made of metal tiles in roofing cake another heat-insulating material is added, which is fixed between the rafters, and a vapor barrier film, which is stuffed onto the rafters from the attic side. Further, the entire installation process is similar.

Scheme of the device of a warm roof made of metal tiles

How to attach sheets

When we cover the roof with a metal tile, we must correctly position the screws. There are several rules to follow:

• Self-tapping screws are installed in the lower part of the wave, 2 cm below the step.
• The bottom row, along the overhang, is attached to each wave. Fasteners are also installed in places of horizontal and vertical joints.
• The waves between the horizontal joints are fastened through one in a checkerboard pattern.

These rules are clearly shown in the diagram. In a graphic image, some things are easier to understand.

The scheme of fastening metal tiles with self-tapping screws

Cold or warm roof

There are two types of roofing using this material, which differ in their characteristics. Insulation is not used in a cold roof; it is suitable for those cases when insulation can be laid in the attic floor. A warm roof is made in cases where the living space is located directly under the roof.

cold roof.

Two layers of materials are used - waterproofing (to protect the interior from possible condensation) and metal tiles. Both layers are separated from each other by a counter-lattice and a crate, ventilation is made at the junction of the slopes. For waterproofing, PVC or a thick film is used, the full tension of the material should not be allowed, the film should sag by about 25 mm, which improves moisture drainage. The waterproofing layer is attached to the rafters and fixed under the crate.

It is used in houses where the attic space will not be used as a dwelling.

Warm roof.

The basis of this type of construction is a heater, which additionally performs the function of sound insulation. For this, they can be used Various types insulation. The thickness of the insulation depends on the characteristics of the building and the climate of the region, mainly its layer is not less than 15 cm. Another important indicator of the insulation is fire resistance. Thermal insulation is located in the space between the rafters, a vapor barrier layer is used below the thermal insulation and waterproofing. Small gaps are made between the layers to ensure ventilation. All layers must simultaneously be sufficiently dense (so that there are no voids where moisture accumulates) and not thick (so as not to interfere with ventilation).

This scheme is used to equip a warm room under the roof.

When purchasing materials, it is necessary to maintain the cross section of the boards so that repairs do not have to be carried out in the near future. For the arrangement of the roof, metal roof tiles, additional elements, boards, self-tapping screws and other consumables are purchased. The price of the structure will depend on the type of coating chosen, insulation, size and shape of the roof. The average cost of one meter of a roof is 1-1.5 thousand rubles. The calculation of the amount of materials must be left to qualified craftsmen.

The shape of the roof plays an important role in pricing
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer the service. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

The question of waterproofing and ventilation

The metal has a high thermal conductivity. This means that in the warm season it will heat up like a frying pan, and freeze in winter. WITH high temperature in the summer you can somehow reconcile. And in winter, a cold roof will eat up a lot of heat, which is fraught with large bills for heating the house. Due to temperature fluctuations, already in autumn, when it is cold at night and still warm during the day, a huge amount of condensate forms. Smudges are formed that flow under the coating and threaten the thermal insulation material. Even if the roof is insulated, the heat-insulating material may get wet, which will eventually cease to fulfill its functions.

Therefore, the main point in the installation of a warm roof made of metal is the creation of a waterproofing barrier that will protect the heat insulator from smudges from the inside of the metal coating.

The hydrobarrier is a special reinforced membrane that covers the roof slopes. Its function is to protect the heat-insulating material from accidental leakage of water from rain and snow and from condensate, which is an integral part of a metal roof.

It is not enough just to protect the heat-insulating layer from smudges. It is necessary to provide that the roof structure is provided with good forced ventilation, due to which all the condensate will be vented to the outside.

Waterproofing device with polypropylene film

An alternative option for waterproofing a warm roof with a metal tile coating can be a two-layer waterproofing polypropylene membrane. On the one hand, such a coating has a layer of non-woven material that absorbs condensate. On the other hand, there is a hydro-barrier with ventilation pores, through which drops of formed water will come out. Such a membrane is laid with the first layer inside, where the thermal insulation is located, and with a hydrobarrier - to the outer layers of the roof.

Two-layer polypropylene film designed specifically for roof waterproofing

Super diffuse coating

The Super Diffuse Membrane is one of the latest developments in waterproofing and building materials basically. It resembles leather in properties, and the development of such a coating came from the textile light industry - membrane materials in sportswear have been used since the middle of the last century.

They differ from ordinary polypropylene films in the number of layers - there are up to four of them in a superdiffuse membrane! All layers have pores in their structure through which condensate drops are removed. Layering ensures the resistance of the membrane to stretching. The last outer layer of the coating has a UV filter.

Superdiffuse membranes - the latest in roof waterproofing

Superdiffuse coatings are produced in the form of a roll and in the form of mastic. The second type is also called "bulk roof". It is considered more economical than rolled, but loses in vapor barrier properties. And, due to its consistency, its use is allowed only on horizontal surfaces. Additional complexity is created by the surface coating technology - the mastic layer must be uniform, and this task is difficult to cope even with professionals. Therefore, in private construction, they use roll modification more - they can handle its installation on their own.

The advantage of the super-diffuse coating is that it can be used as a temporary roof protection before installation of metal tile sheets on the insulated roof. This greatly facilitates the construction of a roof with other coverings, as is the case with soft tiles.

The choice of material for insulation

Thermal insulation materials for metal roofing are quite diverse, but the most popular are polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and mineral wool. These heaters are lightweight, which means that the pressure on the floors will be minimal. In addition, they are environmentally friendly, easy to use and serve for a very long time, provided that the thermal insulation is laid in compliance with the technology. If the metal roof is insulated somehow, even the most modern and expensive materials will not help.

It should be borne in mind that the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of the roof should not be less than 15 cm and exceed 25 cm.

Scheme of a metal tile.

Most often, mineral wool boards are chosen as a heater for metal tiles. Cotton wool in rolls is also suitable, but it is not so convenient to lay it, so the plates can be called an ideal option.

As practice shows, thinner insulation will not provide good thermal insulation, and too thick a layer will put extra pressure on the floors, and the roof will become less reliable. To correctly calculate the required amount of material, you need to multiply the total roof area by 0.2.

Substrate varieties

The substrate for the metal tile must be selected depending on the purpose of the attic space.

There are substrates for cold rooms and there is a substrate for residential, that is, heated premises. There are certain requirements for substrates for residential premises (such as an attic), and others for a cold attic.

Underlayment for a cold attic is much simpler than for a heated attic. A counter-lattice is attached to the rafters, and a crate is attached to it. Between them leave free space for air circulation.

A film is placed on the crate to protect wooden structures from moisture, which penetrates into the attic through leaks in the tiles.

For a warm attic, the substrate design looks different. The crate and the counter-crate are also attached. But more stringent requirements are imposed on waterproofing. In this case, it should not only protect the attic from moisture from outside, but also from condensate, which forms on the inner surface of the metal tile due to the temperature difference between the outside air and the inside.

Functional diagram of a roofing pie for a warm metal roof.

On top of this, the waterproofing film must ensure the removal of water vapor rising from the lower rooms so that the insulation remains dry and does not lose its qualities.

An air space of 2 to 4 cm is left between the waterproofing and the insulation for air ventilation.

Depending on the climate in your area, choose the insulation material and its thickness. Below lay the film for insulation. And already on top of the film sheathe the living space at the request of the developer. This design is called a "roofing pie". It is optimal for protecting the roof structure from external and internal adverse conditions.

The structure of the roofing cake for metal tiles, including waterproofing

Covering a cold attic with a metal tile is the most convenient and easiest way to equip a roof. In this case, the roofing pie will consist of a waterproofing material laid on the rafter frame, battens and roofing (metal tiles). Actually, the laying of such a coating is carried out very quickly. The insulating film is fixed with staples or nails, then it is additionally pressed with a counter-lattice screwed with self-tapping screws. The lathing of the battens is carried out taking into account the dimensions of the metal tile. The board for the crate is taken with dimensions of 25-100 mm, and sometimes plywood or particle boards are used if continuous flooring is required.

Laying a film or membrane for attic waterproofing is done freely, with some sagging. However, it is worth making sure that the integrity of the coating is not violated, that is, any holes or cracks are excluded. As a rule, the film can sag by 15-25 mm. In this way ventilation of the inside is achieved. waterproofing membrane, ensures the removal of condensed moisture to the eaves and further into the drain. Neglect of such simple rule will eventually provoke premature deformation of the roof frame and the entire roof.

The peculiarity of a metal roof is such that the film for a cold roof is not able to reduce the noise level that occurs during intense rain falling on the metal. Therefore, living quarters with such roofing are provided with a layer of thermal insulation that absorbs strong noise. Without such a layer, only non-residential attic spaces are usually equipped.

So, a cold roof will include the following layers:

• From the inside of the room, a vapor barrier is laid for a cold roof, which only releases moisture to the outside and prevents it from penetrating into the living rooms.
• Next, install the truss frame for the roof.
• The next layer is mounted waterproofing material. The film is laid with sagging to drain condensate.
• Next, a counter-lattice is attached, which presses the waterproofing, fixing it, and provides ventilation gaps.
• Then the crate is stuffed to fix the roofing. It is made of slats 50 × 50 mm and is laid along the slopes with an indent of 35-45 cm. Based on the type of roofing and the slope of the slopes, the step of the crate and the thickness of the board for it may vary.
• The last is the metal tile flooring.

Roof insulation pie made of metal tiles without counter-battens

The lathing, fixed to the frame of the truss system without a counter-lattice, tightly presses the elements of the roofing pie, leaving no gaps for ventilation of the structure. In this case, only horizontal openings remain between the battens of the crate. This is not enough, since warm air and steam will rise, and tightly pressed structural elements will prevent this process. As a result, all the evaporated moisture will settle on the wooden elements of the frame, and in case of damage to the vapor barrier layer, inside the insulation. This will lead to the fact that after the first winter the wood will begin to rot, and the insulation will become unusable.

The counter-lattice just creates the required distance between the rafter system and the roofing pie, which allows ventilation of the entire frame. In this case, the water will not linger and settle on the structural elements, but together with the flows of warm air it will go outside.

Even if all the layers of the roofing cake without a counter-lattice are already installed on the rafter frame, the situation can be saved. For this to inside rafters parallel to their edge must be fixed wooden bars with a section of 20x40 cm. From above, using a stapler, fix the vapor barrier membrane. In this case, the necessary distance for ventilation is formed between the vapor barrier and the insulation.

If there is no ventilation gap in the roofing cake, moisture does not evaporate, but settles on wooden structures and insulation

Roof insulation

For high-quality thermal insulation of the roof of a structure such as an attic or a residential part of an attic, the following modern finishing materials should be used:

• Special basalt materials as insulation;
• High-quality semi-rigid insulation, which belongs to the semi-rigid category;
• Mineral quality insulation;
• Ecowool;
• Quality glass wool
• High quality extruded synthetic polystyrene foam.

All such materials that provide thermal insulation are characterized by a low degree of thermal conductivity, but are leading in the arrangement of roofing insulation. This is based on a large number of specific indicators.

How to make waterproofing

When insulating a roof covered with metal tiles, be sure to install a hydrobarrier. This is a special reinforced vapor-permeable film that protects the attic space from condensation, dust and accidental rain or snow.

Pay special attention to the first problem - it is on the metal tile and on the corrugated board as metallic material condensation builds up quickly. After all, the metal always heats up quickly and cools down just as quickly, creating a significant difference in the temperatures of the object and air - ideal conditions for settling water vapor in the form of droplets

When the condensation of steam reaches a critical point - the dew point - the water molecules in the air bind and turn into water. The main conditions for this are high humidity in the room and temperature difference. Plus a poorly arranged vapor barrier, of course. And thanks to the micro-perforation of modern hydro-barriers for water vapor, a small ventilation will be created, which will help such drops evaporate faster. Good budget option.

Polypropylene films with an anti-condensation layer are also suitable for solving a similar problem. One side of such barriers is made of non-woven geotextile, and the other side is waterproofing. The textile insert of such a film adsorbs moisture and steam and removes them through the ventilation gaps. What is good, such a film can be left on the roof without roofing for quite a long time, which is why work at height is calmer.

And finally, new superdiffuse membranes. Their use allows you to make only one air gap between the film and the roofing - and all the condensate will come out by itself. This is wind protection, insulation protection, and effective removal of steam from the entire roofing pie. In addition, the membrane itself can be laid directly on the insulation without any additional battens - valuable savings! See what a modern membrane looks like and how it differs from ordinary polyethylene film even in appearance:

But when buying a good roof membrane, you may have difficulty. Even if you contact the official dealer of some manufacturer with a memorable advertisement, it is not a fact that in the end you will end up with a quality product. Sometimes unscrupulous sellers offer to look at advertising samples of films that have a noticeable rough structure and a certain color, look, but in the end they sell a roll of film with slightly different qualities. At the same time, when buyers try to deal with the "forgery", they refer to the legal right of the manufacturer to change both the color and texture of the products at their discretion. Those. one thing is advertised, another is sold - not often, but this happens periodically on the construction market.

Therefore, when purchasing a superdiffuse membrane, be sure to check it for the following key characteristics:

• Vapor permeability: 0.02-0.03 m.
• Tensile strength: not less than 140 N/5cm.
• Pull-out strength: not less than 50N/200mm.
• Water resistance: W1 degree, and the water column is greater than 2000 mm.
• UV stability: 3 months.

According to these characteristics, membranes are divided into certain groups. Some can be placed directly on the rafters, others can only be in contact with the insulation. And the tear and tear strength is the durability of the film itself.

Roof waterproofing

The process for such material as metal tiles is carried out with all types of roofs, that is, insulated or not. Installing a waterproofing membrane is able to perform the following functions:

• Protection against a large amount of condensate that accumulates on the insulation;
• Effective protection against the presence of a large amount of moisture truss systems. Waterproofing the entire attic or attic.

Important! The film used should contain small holes that are designed to create an effective ventilation air exchange in the installed
system.

The modern market offers a diverse range of high-quality films designed for metal tiles. Despite this, effective waterproofing of roofing on pitched roofs can only be carried out using special membranes.

Such demand is based on high anti-condensation properties. The density level of the film and its fire resistance and UV resistance must be selected with full regard to the operational characteristics of the roof.

The process of fixing the membrane is carried out using a special stapler with special staples and strictly to the truss system. A crate is mounted on top of the film, but it should sag no more than 2 cm, thereby providing the necessary ventilation gap that the roof needs.

Installation of additional elements

The installation of a roof made of metal tiles does not end with the laying of roofing material. To make the structure more durable, protected from atmospheric moisture and complete, it is tedious to install valleys, a ridge profile and cornice strips. Work is performed in the following order:

1. Install the ridge profile. The op is attached to the crate along the ridge connection with roofing screws. To protect the ends of the profile from water ingress, a special sealant is used.
2. They fix valleys and other grooved elements. To protect the joints between the slopes and the junction with vertical surfaces install special brackets.
3. Eaves and gable overhangs are equipped with special strips that protect against moisture and wind.
4. Eaves and gable overhangs are sewn up with soffits. These perforated panels protect the underside of the ramp, which is not protected by waterproofing, from contact with water.
5. Install a drain, snow retainers and lightning protection.

Remember! Valleys, ridges, junction strips and drains are not decorative elements of the roof. They perform the function of protecting the canvas from leaks, sealing it. Given that the right equipment roofing cake and the use of auxiliary components, a metal roof will last 20-30 years.

Additional elements for roofing for metal tiles

Metal tiles are used to cover pitched roof structures. It is laid on the supporting frame of the roof - the truss system. Metal roof insulation it is recommended to carry out using a roofing cake made between the rafters. This technology is considered the most efficient and gives excellent heat saving results.

We can say that in the end, the maximum provision of heat preservation depends on the filling of the pie. Properly selected and installed, it prevents the attic and attic living quarters from cooling down, does not allow moisture to penetrate from the outside and ensures its removal directly from the cake itself.

The main layers of the roofing cake

It is impossible not to note the roofing material itself - metal tiles. The extent to which the roof and the elements of the “stuffing” of its roofing pie will be protected from the aggressive effects and physical exertion of natural phenomena, snow, rain, and wind largely depends on the observance of its laying technology. Safety, lack of wetting and efficiency of the heat-insulating layer provide waterproofing film, one or two ventilated gaps (depending on the type of waterproofing material) and vapor barrier material.

Metal roof waterproofing designed to prevent moisture from entering the outside. Depending on the purpose of the attic space, it can be both vapor-tight and vapor-permeable.

The waterproofing film is attached to the rafters in their upper part using staples or galvanized nails. In this case, it is necessary to allow a slight sagging of the canvas up to 1 cm in order to protect it from temperature changes. The canvases are laid across the roof slope with an overlap of the upper canvas on the lower one by 10 cm. It is desirable that the waterproofing material has a high vapor permeability, otherwise another ventilated layer will have to be provided in the roofing pie.

On top of the waterproofing layer along the rafters, bars of the counter-lattice are laid, and the bars of the crate are laid across. The height of the bars of the counter-lattice is chosen based on the length of the roof slope and the size of the required ventilation gap, and the step of the batten is selected in accordance with the horizontal wavelength of the metal tile, since roofing material will be attached to it.

For a roof made of metal, it is especially important to have ventilation for the under-roof space. In its absence, condensate, which forms when the difference between internal and external temperatures on the inside of the metal tile, can lead to disastrous consequences for the roof structure.

For metal roofs, including from metal tiles, it is necessary to use special membranes - anti-condensation.

This material is one-sided, and it should be laid with the rough side to the insulation.

Heat-insulating layer of a roof from a metal tile it is recommended to arrange from breathable materials, as a rule, with a fibrous structure. They are based on basalt or fiberglass. These heaters have good thermal insulation characteristics and perfectly dampen noise. Another advantage is that they are not flammable. The total thickness of mineral wool layers under the metal roof of an energy-efficient house is at least 20 cm. Fiberglass insulation, due to its structure, has many air gaps, which ensures their low thermal conductivity.

In general, the performance characteristics of mineral wool and glass fiber are similar, although the thermal conductivity of glass fiber is lower.

Penoizol is also used as a heater - liquid foam, a heat-insulating material of a new generation.

It is necessary that thermal insulation mats or the slabs were semi-rigid. So they will hold well in vertical and inclined planes.

Their length should be 2-3 cm more than the distance between the rafters. The number of stacked layers of insulation is calculated depending on the thermal conductivity of the material used for insulation.

Metal roof vapor barrier protects the insulation from moisture that comes from the inside. It is also attached to the rafters, only from below, using galvanized nails or staples. Similar to laying a waterproofing film, an overlap is performed. In order to ensure tightness, all “dangerous” adjoining areas, for example, to walls, pipes, windows, are glued with special adhesive tape.

The device of the roof, insulation and other elements is carried out without deflections, gaps and irregularities with a snug fit to each other, with the exception of ventilation ducts.

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Choosing the right heater

Here we come to the main question. For convenience, let's break it down into separate important points.

Sorption humidity of the insulation

Do you know why wet insulation quickly loses its thermal insulation properties? The fact is that the thermal conductivity of water is exactly 25 times greater than that of air - this is one, and the water itself, as it were, glues the fibers together - this is two. That is why, when choosing a roof insulation, carefully study its three main qualities: sorption moisture index, vapor permeability and water absorption. Indeed, at a roof with a metal tile as a roofing, the issue of dampness is acute. Not to mention the constant condensation on metal surface, which, through invisible gaps in the waterproofing, always finds how to get to the insulation.

So, sorption moisture is the hygroscopic moisture of the insulation under certain conditions. Those. the higher this value, the worse, because water-repellent properties are primarily important for roofing insulation. And they are already directly affected by the presence of special hydrophobic additives in the material.

For clarity, let's take a look at the issue of humidity in an ordinary house separately. Yes, according to sanitary requirements for residential premises, normal humidity is 30-45%, and 30% is the threshold below which the air becomes too dry and even unhealthy. But in European countries 45-60% is considered normal humidity. But keep in mind that the humidity level in the house can reach 80%, especially if far from two people live together and the wall decoration is almost vapor-proof. Moisture simply has nowhere to go, and it rises up to the roof, from where later there are problems with insulation, if you think over the roofing pie well. Do you remember how a metal roof likes to collect condensate under it?

Of course, all responsibility can be immediately shifted to the vapor barrier. So, for example, aluminum is considered one of the best:

Water absorbing properties of insulation

But you have to upset you a little: not a single vapor barrier in the world can protect the insulation by 100%. The real figures are completely in the range of 70-80% if the vapor barrier is of high quality, and 50-60% if the simplest

And, if we take into account the moment that such a heater is still affected by condenser moisture from the other side (again, a metal tile), then both high-quality vapor barrier and a heater are needed, which, as far as possible, is not afraid of water and retains its properties for a long time even under such extreme conditions.

And this is already such a quality of insulation as water absorption - this is the disposition of the material to absorb moisture upon contact with water and retain it. The lower the water absorption of the insulation, the better - so it will be dry for as long as possible even with high dampness. Styrofoam in this regard, for example, is a leader among other heaters.

So, in addition to foam, stone fiber naturally has water-repellent properties, which only slightly have to be strengthened. Here step-by-step instruction how to insulate such a roof with them:

Insulation vapor permeability

And, finally, vapor permeability is the ability of the insulation to pass water vapor through itself and bring them outside, into the ventilation opening. This is one of the most important factors that affect the thermal insulation of the roof. And in such a roofing cake, vapor permeability should also be on top!

Modern ecowool in this regard is one of the best:

The purity of the insulation

There is another problem: some heaters are dusty, and their lint particles, together with warm air, rise and gradually clog the vapor-permeable holes. As a result, over the years, the quality of even the best "breathing" membrane deteriorates. And therefore it is better not to insulate such a roof with sawdust at all, as cheap mineral wool. Only from well-known manufacturers!

And in this regard, special under-tile fastening systems are well suited, which are just beginning to appear on the Russian market, but have long been recognized abroad:

To summarize: the lower the water absorption and sorption moisture, and the higher the vapor permeability, the better the thermal insulation qualities of the material for insulating a roof made of metal. Pick up right material, study our photo instructions - and go!

Roofing pie under the metal tile

The device of a cold roof under a metal tile is one of the most simple options. In addition to load-bearing structures, such a roof includes roofing material in the form of metal tiles, a crate, and a waterproofing layer. The installation of such a roof is very simple: a waterproofing film is attached to the rafter system using a construction stapler or small galvanized nails. After that, it is pressed with self-tapping screws on wood, with which the counter-lattice will be attached, the step of which depends on the type of metal tile sheet. The size of such boards should be 25 by 100 mm, in some cases a continuous coating of plywood or chipboard sheets is used.

The scheme of the roofing pie.

A waterproofing film (it can be a special PVC membrane or a polyethylene film) should be laid on the roof with a slight sag. At the same time, gaps and other defects are unacceptable on it. The level of sagging of the roofing film should be from 15 to 25 mm. This will ensure proper ventilation of the underside of the waterproofing, removal of condensate from it to the eaves, and then to the gutter. If this is not done, then the roof structure will be subject to negative influence moisture, and this will lead to destruction.

On device cold roof from metal tiles, it must be remembered that a metal sheet and a thin layer of waterproofing do not provide adequate protection against noise, which can occur during heavy rain. It is for this reason that cold steel sheet roofs are rarely made without insulation, which acts as an excellent sound insulator. Cold attic therefore it turns out to be unused.

The structure of such a roof includes the following mandatory layers:

Scheme of installation of a roofing pie.

1. From the side of the residential premises, first there is a layer of vapor barrier with one-sided permeability, that is, condensate is released from the room, but does not penetrate inside.
2. Roof truss system, longitudinal runs, that is, the supporting structure.
3. Waterproofing. The film should sag a little to allow condensation to escape.
4. A counter-lattice, the installation of which is carried out parallel to the installed rafters. The boards of the counter-lattice press the waterproofing, providing its additional fastening.
5. The lathing of the cold roof is made of a wooden beam, the cross section of which is most often 50 by 50 mm. Its installation is carried out in increments of 35-45 cm along the slopes. The step may vary, as well as the material for the crate, it depends on what type of metal tile is used, what slope for the roof was chosen.
6. Sheets of metal tiles.

What else is required?

To install a roof with such a design, it is necessary to take the simplest tools and materials that do not differ in high cost. Except wooden planks for the construction of the rafter system, battens and counter battens, a vapor barrier, a waterproofing membrane, and the estimated number of metal tile sheets should be prepared. Staples, galvanized nails, self-tapping screws for wood and metal are used as fasteners. When calculating steel sheets, it must be remembered that various additional elements may be needed, for example, ridge tiles, valleys, cornices, and so on.

The device of a cold roof differs from a warm one in that in this case a layer of insulation is not used, that is, there is no layer of insulation between the vapor barrier and the waterproofing membrane. Such roofs are applicable in the case when the attic space under them is not used.

Drain organization

If you plan to equip the roof with a drain, then cornice boards should be used to reinforce the slope. They are laid along the overhangs in the grooves made in advance in the rafters. It is to these boards that hooks should be attached to fix the gutter, correlating their step with the step of the truss system.

If the organization of an organized drain is not included in your plans, then a frontal board, which is attached to the ends of the rafters, is used to fasten the roofing elements along the edges of the roof. Such an end plate serves not only decorative element, but also prevents the metal tile from rattling during strong winds.