How to fix wooden railing to the wall. What is the best way to use railing brackets to the wall and where to get them. Decorative items include
One of the main criteria for the quality of a ladder is its safety. The stair railing can fully provide it, but only if its installation was carried out taking into account all the design features, as well as its location in the space of the room. This article will discuss how to fix the railing on the wall, which bolts and brackets to choose for the railing, what installation features exist.
Types of holders
If the handrail is attached to the balusters, then at the bottom the balusters are attached to the steps, and at the top they are connected to the handrail or plank, which will then become part of the structure. If the ladder is located along the wall, you can fix the handrail on the wall with holders. And here it is important to choose the most suitable option.
There are several types of holders that differ in the method of attachment:
With overlay. There are two types:
Drop-in. They differ from the rest in that one side of the mount is hammered into the groove provided for this on the handrail, and the other is fixed on the wall.
Tools
In order to attach the handrail to the wall, you will need the following set of tools:
To ensure your safety in the process, you should also prepare protective goggles and gloves.
Mounting process
There is a certain sequence of steps for mounting the handrail, which may vary somewhat in accordance with the choice of bracket. However, in any case, it is necessary to prepare a preliminary drawing with the dimensions applied to it, which will help to avoid errors in the work.
For attachment with overlay:
For driven structures:
Note: To connect the railing at the bends, an element such as a zip bolt is used, which will provide a reliable and inconspicuous fastening.
The installation of the handrail is a very responsible event, therefore it is extremely necessary to carry out careful measurements. After all, the reliability and durability of the future design depends on this.
An attractive look for fastening a stair railing requires that all railing elements have a reliable and durable fastening, and for this you should not know the main points when choosing fastening accessories.
Developers who create the interior equipment of a house with their own hands know that standard solutions are most often used for stairs. These are typesetting elements for flights of stairs and railing attachment points. The installation and fastening of the stair railing is most often postponed to the final stages of work.
When the main construction works completed and remain only work related to the design of individual details and elements, such as stairs. Such a decision is largely justified, since the installation of the railing fastening is already carried out on the finished surface of the steps. And in fact, after assembling all the elements, the work on the design of the stairs ends.
The right choice of accessories for railings, from balusters to decorative caps, should, if possible, be carried out in strict accordance with both the design solution of the design and purely technical details and conditions. For wooden stairs, the choice of all elements must match the texture and material of the balusters, steps, slats and decorative caps.
The material from which all parts are made must be identical, and the texture should not be diverse. The fittings used for the railing should also match the style of the stairs. Beautiful and shiny decorative fittings for metal handrails, as practice shows, is absolutely not suitable for traditional wooden structure.
The main elements of fittings for attaching railings
The railing fastening installation provides for all types of structures for the presence of an upper and lower fastening unit for each element. And if for metal typesetting elements, it can be a welded joint, then for other types, this is most often fastening using bolted and screw elements.
It is not difficult to calculate the number of hardware fasteners required for installation. Each baluster is attached to the step below and to the handrail above. Based on this, the required number of sets for ordinary balusters and one additional set for the first and last railing balusters are purchased.
For concealed installation it is recommended to add such necessary trifles to the set of accessories for railings:
- fixing screws;
- zip bolts (if this installation technology is used);
- stud screws;
- to install strips for balusters and railings, you will need wood screws 35, 45, 60 mm;
- nuts, lock and regular washers;
- plugs for sealing the installation sites of fasteners.
Considering that a staircase with a railing in a private house is still a unique structure in many respects, then the approach to each specific case of attaching the railing must be considered as a unique operation.
One of the main components of the design of the stairs is considered to be its fence. It performs a protective and decorative task, consists of balusters, main intermediate and support posts, handrails, as well as protection screens. Railings help a person move safely along the flight of stairs. They provide support while walking and prevent falling over the stair perimeter. The article discusses how to install stair elements, as well as fastening the handrail to the wall.
Balusters - the most important component of the stair railing
In order to correctly install the fence, you need to know how to fix the railings and balusters based on their type and material of production.
Balusters are supports that are located vertically. It is on them that the handrail is laid. They are placed directly on the steps or mounted to stringers or bowstrings. The configuration of the balusters can be different and is determined by the interior design of the building, the design features of the stairs, the style decision, and, of course, the price. They can decorate even a very nondescript flight of stairs. Balusters are made from materials such as wood, steel, concrete, stone, glass, plaster.
Today, you can often see stair railings in which there are two or three types of building materials that are ideally combined with each other. The method of mounting the baluster to the span depends on the material, namely, which option is best to choose.
Requirements
In order for the staircase railing to be reliable and safe, a number of mandatory conditions must be observed during its installation:
- between the balusters, the distance in the light should be at least 150 millimeters;
- the safe height of the railing must be at least 900 millimeters;
- fasteners for railings must be done at 2 points - to the handrails and the structure of the stairs (steps, stringers, bowstrings);
- fastening the handrail to the wall should be extremely smooth and comfortable, but not slipping; next to the wall, they can be fixed directly to it without mounting balusters.
The main protective task of the railing is performed by the support posts - upper and lower, therefore, their fixation must be approached very responsibly. Although the installation of intermediate balusters must also be treated carefully. It is necessary that the fence can withstand a hundred-kilogram person who leans on it.
The entire course of installation of the railing consists of the following stages:
- the extreme pillars of the support are mounted from below and from above;
- the locations of the baluster structures are marked - for this you can use a thin but strong cord, or a laser level; it is important to remember that precise markup parameters are very important and avoid unnecessary problems;
- center lines are applied in the center of the balusters thanks to a marker or pencil;
- upper baluster ends are being prepared. They need to be sawn off according to the slope of the flight of stairs. Sawing the ends from below is carried out only when the vertical support elements are placed on top of the bowstring or the railing fasteners have a personal design.
Wooden staircase railing
The main load-bearing components of the fences can be fixed to the steps with simple carnations, but such a device will loosen quickly enough and after a short time period it will become unusable.
There are 3 three main methods that allow you to make railing fasteners stronger, handrails for baluster structures are installed in a similar way. Fastenings are performed on dowels, on self-tapping screws, and also on studs. When the railing is installed on steel studs, a hole with a depth of no more than 80 millimeters is drilled in the middle of the butt from the bottom of the wooden baluster structure. Its diameter is usually 12 mm.
It is important to consider that the studs, in order to avoid corrosion, must be galvanized. The pin is inserted into the hole so that it protrudes 5 to 7 centimeters beyond the coating. Thanks to a special glue, they are fixed in the required position and wait for the final setting. Then a hole is drilled in the bowstring or steps and the balusters are “shut down” into place with the same glue and studs that are installed in the balusters.
Installing balusters on dowels, which are spikes made of rounded wood, is done as follows:
- larger holes are drilled in the baluster ends from below and on the bowstring or steps than for metal studs;
- dowels are inserted into the prepared grooves, using glue for fastening, which is identical to PVA;
- a baluster is installed on the dowels, pre-filling the prepared holes with glue;
- the verticality of the pillars is checked due to the level or plumb and leave them for 2 - 3 hours before the glue completely hardens;
- proceed with the installation (in particular, fastening the handrail to the wall).
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Railings are an important part of ensuring the safety of movement on the stairs. realities today are such that there are many design solutions applying new material properties. Sometimes such stairs, handrail attachment methods, and design options for side rails use components that work at the tensile strength.
Accepted standards
Relatively recently, there were clear requirements for the dimensions of stairs, the number and height of steps, the angle of inclination, as well as the design and number of railings. Fastening methods were clearly limited. They concerned balusters and "starting points" - places where railings or railings begin and end. Here are the requirements
- with a height difference of a meter or more, fences are required;
- the minimum height of railings and other fences is 90 cm;
- if the stairs are higher than 12 m above ground level, the height of the railings must be at least 110 cm;
- the distance between racks of lattice fences should not be more than 160 cm;
- the height of the first handrail should be 900 mm from the crest of the step;
- for additional safety of children, balusters should be located at a distance of no more than 120 mm if the ladder is located higher than one and a half meters from the floor;
- stairs must have a handrail on one side if their width reaches 125 cm;
- for a larger width - up to 2.5 m - it was assumed that fences would be installed on both sides;
- all railings of one staircase must have the same slope;
- the minimum load requirement is 110 kgf/m. It is this load that the railing must withstand in the lateral direction.
There are also recognized standards for the installation of railing posts. The classic method - recesses are made for them, at least six centimeters deep. After installing the racks, the free space is filled with cement or concrete. To prevent loosening, a shoe made of cast iron, copper or steel is put on top. On the top of the racks, the obligatory presence of a strip of iron with a thickness of at least four millimeters was required. With the help of this tape, the railing was fastened to the balusters. Handrail posts were required to be located at a distance of at least 60 mm from the edge of the stairs.
Today's fencing options
It should be noted right away that modern solutions without a fence, as in the photo above, or cable fencing options - complete irresponsibility and ignoring safety rules.
Otherwise, the generally accepted methods of fastening the railing to the wall and to the floor have been preserved. However, new materials and design solutions allow you to make three types of fastening:
- Vertical to the surface of the floor or stair tread.
- On the side, at the end of the bowstring of the stairs or balcony slabs.
- On the other side of the slab or element of the ladder structure.
In terms of “interaction with the wall”, the fastening parameters have changed little. Classical solutions are used - anchor bolts or welding connection with pre-set reference points. There is a technique when the elements on which the handrail is mounted are structurally a special part of the load-bearing elements of the walls. Also, the use of load-bearing points is implied in cases where railings are required to be attached to posts.
If we touch on cases when you need to attach to the wall already finished structure railing, use the following method. Force points are created in the places where the fittings are fastened. Usually these are anchor bolts, securely embedded in the wall. In the recent past, cement was used for this. Today, polymer adhesives are widely used, which perfectly adhere to the surrounding wall material and firmly glue the anchor. After that, a handrail with a railing is mounted on the designed power elements. The whole process of work in general terms can be seen on the video.
Most often, it is required to fasten the railing of wooden stairs to the wall. This the best option choice for a very simple reason - the strength and durability characteristics of a wooden structure are usually much lower than those of the surrounding walls.
Attaching railings to stairs and floors
Fastening racks and balusters of the fence to the surface of the floor or stairs is a more difficult issue.
The classic method is to act according to standards. In fact, today most solutions follow the accepted requirements, for example, as in the photo. A recess is made in the surface into which the rack is installed. A shoe is put on top, which, in turn, is also securely attached to the surface. Additionally, it firmly fixes the rack, preventing scrolling or loosening.
Lateral fastening of the railing posts is fastening to the end of the bowstring of the stairs or the balcony slab. This method can be carried out using the appropriate fittings. Usually this is a power unit into which the rack is inserted and rigidly fixed. The fastener element that bears the entire load can be attached using anchor bolts or spacer tubes. A variant is possible when it is simply welded to special zones made on the bowstring of the stairs or removed from the slab.
The attachment option on the other side of the bowstring works as a hybrid of the first two solutions. Requires rigid fixation of the rack and at the same time - the power element of the fastener. In this case, two methods are usually used.
- In a slab or stair element, through hole. The entire block that fixes the rack is on the reverse side.
- The recess for installing the rack is deaf. However, there is a hole for the passage of a bolt, one or more, which connects the bottom of the rack and the strength element located on the other side.
Railings are designed not only to ensure safe movement on the stairs, but also serve as a wonderful additional touch to the decor.
Handrails are widely used both indoors and outdoors, so many factors are taken into account when choosing them and related accessories.
Peculiarities
Steel has a high resistance to temperature extremes and high humidity, does not need special care, she is not afraid of mechanical influences. In addition, it combines exquisite appearance and affordable price.
It is these qualities that explain the widespread use of this material for the manufacture of railings and related components, such as hinges, plugs, clips and various fasteners.
When choosing a railing, it is worth considering the combination of materials from which they are made and the conditions for their operation.
For the manufacture of railings, cast iron, steel, aluminum, iron, bronze and brass are used.
- Cast iron more suitable for the street, because he is not afraid of humid air. This material allows you to create beautiful and complex patterns, but has a bulky look. It is for this reason that in home interior it is rarely used, but it looks perfect on embankments and in parks.
- Steel- the most practical material. Its resistance to temperature extremes and weather conditions allows it to be used almost everywhere. Stainless steel is resistant to corrosion, which allows it to be used in places with high humidity. Polished steel is practical in use, unpretentious in operation and has high level wear resistance.
- Aluminum more popular in manufacturing various designs, including railings. The flexibility and plasticity of this material allows you to embody a wide variety of shapes and colors. Aluminum railings are usually used indoors.
- Iron- a problematic option, since it has many difficulties in processing and assembly, moreover, it requires certain care: periodic tinting and coating anti-corrosion compounds. Used more for mass production.
- Bronze and brass are used very rarely due to impracticality - they darken too quickly and need careful care.
High-quality components are a direct path to a successful and durable fence, which will certainly become an adornment of any interior.
Accessories for stair railings Do-it-yourself installation is not difficult if you follow our recommendations. The complete set can be the most various, the set is selected individually. Side decoration can be made from nickel-plated elements or wooden poles.
Device
Railings consist of a baluster, handrail and railing filling.
A baluster is a support that is attached to the stairs. It can be both ordinary and decorative.
Handrails are mounted on balusters and are designed for comfortable operation of the structure.
Infill railings are applied between balusters to close the empty space.
It is used not only for additional security, but also as additional element decor.
Railings differ not only in the material of manufacture, but also in the method of production and are divided into 6 types:
- prefabricated;
- welded;
- stamped;
- forged;
- cast;
- combined.
Prefabricated consist of individual parts, for the collection of which special fittings are used.
Welded, or reinforcing-profile railings are made mainly of steel and ferrous metals. Any of these materials allows you to create intricate patterns and shapes in various styles.
Stamped - their original and stylish design produced by stamping in mass production.
Forged are created by individually forging each element.
Cast irons are made from molten metals. The liquid alloy is poured into molds, after solidification, it is removed and subjected to additional processing. This version of the railing is more durable.
Combined railings usually have metal carcass, which is filled with other materials. Glass or plastic can be used as filling.
It is the method of manufacture of railings that affects the conditions of their operation and the place of installation.
Varieties
Wide the lineup Components used for railings are divided into three main categories: fasteners, fittings and decorative elements.
Mounting accessories
When assembling the load-bearing elements, they install round or rectangular racks on the floor and are fixed on the walls or ceiling. These include various flanges, plates or embedded elements connected with anchors.
Glass holders are required for the installation of transparent filling of fences. There are two designs:
- requiring making holes in the glass for fixation;
- firmly attached to the support and fixing the glass through a plastic gasket with a screw clamp.
Bowstring holders or crossbar holders are designed for a guide located near a wall or column, as well as for fixing the longitudinal filling of the railing with pipes of small diameter.
The bracket is designed to fix the railing and has a range of species in accordance with the location of the attachment point.
Fitting
These are accessories designed to install handrails. They differ in diameter, cross section and angle of rotation. These include connectors, bends, twins, corners, turns, which allow you to connect the parts of the handrail into a single whole so that there are no obstacles and joints on it for several spans.
In addition, adjustable connectors allow you to dock the handrails at the desired angle.
Elements for decoration
Decorative elements include:
- Stubs spherical or flat - necessary to improve appearance, so their size must necessarily correspond to the railing, otherwise the impression of a foreign element will be created.
- cups close the ends of the racks and railings, preventing moisture and dirt from entering the structure.
- balls mounted on racks to create an attractive appearance.
- heels fastened at the junction of racks to the stairs, serve as an additional decoration.
- decorative twist for the handrail serves to fix it at an angle and varies according to the diameter of the pipe.
Decorative twists for bowstrings are used to create aesthetics at pipe joints, marking is carried out in accordance with the pipe section.
Connecting elements include:
- a bowstring is a guide pipe, it can be of different diameters;
- the outlet is designed to connect parts of the guide located at an angle;
- connecting elements have different diameters and cross-sectional shapes.
Installation
Installation of a stainless steel railing begins with the installation of two posts.
The standard height of the fence corresponds to 90-95 cm, from which the size of the adjustable tip is cut off by the grinder. The formed burrs are cleaned off with a wire nozzle or an emery wheel from the outside and from the inside of the pipe. Those places where plaque has formed are treated with a felt wheel and polishing paste.
Then tips are attached to the prepared racks, the design of which includes adjustable legs, lodgements, fastening handrails and caps. The latter are designed to hide the place of the cut on the counter.
After the caps, washers are put on, between which rubber rings are located.
During installation, they are squeezed out to wedge the tip and ensure a secure fit.
After that, the racks are installed on the edge of the lowest step, stepping back from the edge of 5 cm, the places for the holes are marked. This indentation is necessary to avoid damage.
At the marks obtained, holes are drilled into which anchor bolts are placed. Embedded parts are put on top of them and fixed with nuts.
After that, you should make sure that all the racks are installed correctly and straight vertically. After that, finished steel railings are installed on them.
After the assembly of the straight section of the stairs is completed, its turn is assembled. To do this, components for the outlet are taken and inserted into the ends of the pipe, fixed with glue or welding. After using the welding machine, all seams should be carefully cleaned and polished.
Then the strings (crossbars) are fastened with the help of special holders. To do this, a pipe of small diameter is cut off and fixed with a crossbar holder. After that, plugs are installed, previously smeared with glue.
Properly assembled stainless steel railings have great strength and practicality.
Wooden railings consist of handrails and balusters. Balusters are fastened with handrails, due to this, the reliability and strength of the structure is ensured.
Installation begins with the installation of extreme pedestals with a height of 80-90 cm. To check the convenience of the selected height of the racks, a rope is pulled between them, holding on to which you should climb and go down the stairs. If the height suits you, you can move on, if not, it is corrected.
Then the frequency of installation of balusters is calculated (at least 20 cm to ensure the safety of the movement of young children) and holes are made in the handrail with a drill. The lower edges are set on the steps, and the upper ones are sawn off at an angle of a stretched bowstring.
