Power Supply Design Handbook. Barybin Yu.G. Barybin power supply design guide - Home Radio Barybin power supply design guide pdf
Power Supply Design Handbook. Barybin Yu.G.
ENERGY
Power Supply Design Handbook. Barybin Yu.G.
Foreword
SECTION ONE GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1. Unit systems and conventions
1.2. Physical and chemical properties of materials.
1.3. Climatic conditions for the operation of electrical equipment
1.4. Explosive and fire hazardous areas.
1.5. Excerpts from current all-Union regulatory documents
1.6. Rated voltages and series of rated currents.
1.7. heating temperature.
SECTION TWO
POWER SUPPLY AND SUBSTATIONS
A. Determination of electrical loads, power quality, reliability of power supply, categories of power receivers, selection of voltage and power of transformers, reactive power compensation
2.1. electrical loads. Basic quantities and definitions
2.2. Medium loads.
2.3. Maximum loads
2.4. Loss of energy.
2 5. Peak loads.
2 6. Determination of electrical loads of resistance welding machines
2.7. Determination of electrical loads of rolling mills and electric arc furnaces
2.8. Single phase loads
2.9. Technical and economic calculations in power supply.
2.10. Basic requirements for power quality
2.11 Higher harmonics
2.12. Reliability of power supply
2.13. Categories of electrical receivers according to the reliability of power supply
2.14. Voltage selection.
2.15. Selection of transformers
B. Short circuit currents
2.16. General information.
2.17. Design conditions of short circuit
2.18. Drawing up an equivalent circuit for the calculation of three-phase short circuits
2.19. Calculation of the three-phase short circuit current
2.20. Calculation of currents of asymmetric short circuits.
2.21. Practical recommendations
B. Selection and verification of devices and conductors with a voltage of 1 - 220 kV
2.22. General requirements.
2.23. Thermal and electrodynamic resistance of devices and conductors.
2.24. Selection and testing of devices and conductors
2.25. Technical data for devices with voltages above 1 kV
D. Power transformers and autotransformers
2.26. Transformer classification
2.27. Main settings
2.28. Diagrams and groups of connections of transformers and autotransformers
2.29. Transformer cooling
2.30. Permissible loads of transformers
2.31. Voltage regulation.
2.32. Main characteristics of autotransformers
2.33. Technical data of transformers
E. Gas-insulated switchgears and circuit breakers
2.34. Features of SF6.
2.35. Cells SF6 three-pole series YaE-110, YaE-220
2.36. 35 kV SF6 circuit breakers for switchgear
2.37. SF6 circuit breakers type VEK-110B.
E. Vacuum circuit breakers
2.38. Advantages and disadvantages
2.39. Vacuum circuit breakers 10, 35 kV for switchgear and 110 kV for electrical installations with frequent switching.
2.40. Vacuum and gas-insulated switchgears 35 kV.
2.41. Overvoltage arising when switching inductive currents by vacuum circuit breakers
2.42. Non-linear surge arresters
G. Power supply and substation schemes
2.43. Basic information.
2.44. Sources and methods of nutrition
2.45. Power supply schemes
2.46. Guidelines for the use of switching schemes of substations and switching equipment
2.47. Schemes and design features of substations with gas-insulated switchgear 110-220 kV
2.48. Schemes and design features of substations with vacuum switchgear 35 kV.
2.49. Complete transformer substations 6, 110-220 kV
2.50. Schemes of substations of industrial enterprises using complete switchgears with a voltage of 10 (6) kV
3. Layout solutions for substations and distribution points
2.51. General requirements.
2.52. Planning, placement of substations and cable structures
2.53. Layout solutions that ensure service safety
2.54. Categories of premises of substations and cable structures
2.55. fire safety requirements.
2.56. Open switchgear with voltage up to 220 kV.
2 57. Outdoor installation of power transformers
2.58. Lifting devices, roads, entrances and driveways of substations
2.59. Examples of outdoor switchgear layout solutions.
2.60. Closed switchgears with a voltage of 35 - 220 kV.
2.61. Heating, ventilation and water supply of substations and distribution points.
2.62. Examples of layout solutions for indoor switchgear with a voltage of 35 - 220 kV.
2.63. Battery installations
2.64. Pneumatic economy
2.65. Oil farm.
2.66. Basic requirements for the layout of intrashop substations and distribution points 10 (6) kV.
2.67. Intrashop transformer substations.
2.68. Intrashop distribution points 10(6) kV.
2.69. Basic requirements for the placement of switchgears and transformer substations in hazardous areas.
2.70. Basic requirements for the placement of switchgears and transformer substations in fire hazardous areas.
I. Converter units and substations. Traction substations of industrial electrified transport
2.71. General information.
2.72. Basic ratios and calculation formulas for various conversion schemes.
2.73. Silicon rectifier units for electrolysis plants
2.74. Silicon rectifier units for electric furnaces
2.75. Schemes, location and design of converting substations.
2.76. Rectifier complete substations for supplying workshop DC networks
2.77. High speed air switches.
2.78. Classification of traction substations of industrial electrified transport.
2.79. Traction DC substations.
2.80. Traction substations of single-phase alternating current
2.81. Distribution posts of traction networks.
K. Reactive power compensation
2.82. Basic provisions
2.83. Reactive power compensation in general-purpose electrical networks with voltage up to 1 and 10 (6) kV.
2.84. Reactive power compensation in electrical networks with specific loads
2.85. Schemes for switching on and regulating capacitor banks
2.86. Design of capacitor banks and their installation.
K. Protection of overhead power lines, substations, rotating machines and conductors from surges
2.87. Protection of overhead power lines from atmospheric surges.
2.88. Protection of substations against direct lightning strikes.
2.89. Protection of substations from atmospheric overvoltage waves coming from power lines.
2.90 Protection of rotating machines against atmospheric surges
2.91. Protection of conductors from atmospheric surges
2.92. Internal surge protection
2 93. Protective equipment and devices (arresters, capacitors, lightning rods)
M. Power supplies and control current systems
2.94. Control current systems
2.95. Technical data of batteries and chargers
2 96 Technical data for power supplies, capacitors and chargers
2.97. Selection and installation of batteries.
2.98 Selecting power supplies and capacitors
2 99. Schemes for switching on batteries.
2.100. Power supply circuits with alternating and rectified operational current. Insulation control
H. Relay protection and network automation
2.101. General information.
2 102. Protection of step-down transformers
2.103. Switching impulse transmission
2.104. Busbar protection 6-35 kV
2.105. Protection of transformers of semiconductor converting units 6 - 35 kV
2.106. Protection of synchronous and asynchronous electric motors with voltage above 1 kV.
2 107. Protection of electric furnace installations
2 108. Line protection 6 - 35 kV* with unilateral supply
2.109 Protection of capacitor installations 10(6) kV.
2.110. Protection of higher harmonic filters 10-35 kV.
2.111. Protection of complete switchgears 6 - 35 kV
2 112. Automatic backup power supply (ATS)
2.113. Automatic reclosing (AR).
2.114. Automatic frequency unloading (AFD).
2.115. Complete devices for protection and automation of networks 10(6) kV, made on integrated circuits.
2.116. Self-starting of electric motors
O. High voltage circuit breaker control, warning and alarm
2.117. HV circuit breaker control circuits
2.118. Warning and alarm circuits
P. Measurement of electrical quantities
2.119. General requirements.
2.120. Measurement of current, voltage and power.
2.121. Registration of electrical processes, insulation control
2.122. Power quality control
2.123. Measuring transducers
2.124. Measuring and computing complexes and information measuring systems
2.125. The list of panel meters recommended for use in low-voltage complete devices (NKU), consoles, panels and panels
2.126. Equipment of laboratories for operational testing and adjustment of electrical equipment
SECTION THREE.
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN TROPICAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS
3.1. Basic concepts.
3.2. Requirements for electrical installations
3.3. Sun protection devices for electrical installations
3.4. Grounding.
Contains reference data for the integrated design of electrical networks and electrical equipment of electrical installations of industrial enterprises. Technical solutions for the use of equipment, new design solutions for the sewerage of electricity using current conductors 6-10 kV, package busbars up to 1 kV are given. PO cables, 220 kV with plastic insulation. Recommendations on the use of programmable controllers for control are given. For engineering and technical workers.
POWER LINES WITH VOLTAGE ABOVE I kV.
BASIC INSTRUCTIONS.
The design of overhead power lines (VL) must be carried out in accordance with the current 11UE, building codes and regulations (SNiP), as well as instructions and recommendations of instructions, guidelines, current directive documents related to the design, construction and operation of VL. When designing overhead lines, one should be guided by the approved scheme for the development of the power system or power networks of a given industrial area for the next 5 years, taking into account the prospects for 10 years. When designing a 10 (6) kV overhead line, such a perspective may not be taken into account. Design documentation for overhead lines, depending on the voltage and complexity, can be carried out in one stage, a working draft or in two stages - a project and working documentation (working drawings). At the same time, the design of overhead lines with a voltage of up to 35 kV can hardly be carried out, as a rule, in one stage.
In case of one-stage design, the main provisions of the working project must be carried out and agreed with the customer of the project and the construction and installation organization. The route of the overhead line should be as short as possible, correspond to the scheme for the development of the electric networks of the given area and take into account the materials of the district planning
When designing overhead lines, it is necessary to focus on standard materials, unified and standard designs. The use of non-standard (individual) structures is allowed as an exception with an appropriate feasibility study only on overhead lines located in special conditions, including in difficult conditions of existing and reconstructed industrial enterprises.
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Download the book Handbook for the design of electrical networks and electrical equipment, Barybin Yu.G., 1991 - fileskachat.com, fast and free download.
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The following tutorials and books:
- Handbook on extinguishing natural fires, UNDP / MKI project "Expanding the network of protected areas for the conservation of the Altai-Sayan Ecoregion", Ivanov V.A., Ivanova G.A., Moskalchenko S.A., 2011
Mukoseev Yu.L. Power supply of industrial enterprises M:, "Energy", 584 p.
The book is intended as a textbook for students of energy and polytechnic universities. It contains the main chapters: electrical loads and electricity consumption graphs, distribution of electricity at voltages up to and above 1000 V, workshop transformer substations, power supply reliability, reactive power modes in networks and its compensation, voltage modes in networks of industrial enterprises, metering and saving electricity , features of protective grounding and safety measures in industrial electrical installations.
Fedorov A.A., Kameneva V.V. Fundamentals of power supply of industrial enterprises. 1979. - M .: Energy, - 408 p., ill. - 3rd ed., revised. and additional Textbook for high schools.
The book provides the basic initial data for the creation of power supply systems for industrial enterprises: electrical loads, the basics of technical and economic calculations, the quality of electrical energy, the choice of transformers, wire and cable cross-sections, the location of supply substations, reactive power compensation issues.
The third edition of the book has been significantly revised and supplemented, taking into account the work carried out after the publication of the second edition in 1972. The textbook is intended for university students studying the issues of power supply to industrial enterprises and in-house power supply.
Fedorov A.A. Power supply of industrial enterprises. 1961 - Moscow, Gosenergoizdat 3rd ed. 744 pp.
The book deals with the main issues of power supply of industrial enterprises: the definition and classification of electricity consumers, the definition of electrical loads, the distribution of electricity at low and high voltage substations of industrial enterprises, increasing the power factor, saving electricity, relay protection, automation and dispatching.
Knyazevsky B.A., Lipkin B.Yu. Power supply of industrial enterprises M.: Higher School, 1969, 510 pages.
The book "Power supply of industrial enterprises" (electric power stations, electrical networks and power supply) was written in accordance with the program of the course in the specialty "Electric drive and automation of industrial installations" of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute.
Serbinovsky G.V. Reference book on the power supply of industrial enterprises. Industrial electrical networks. M. Energy, 1980. 576 pages.
Reference book on the power supply of industrial enterprises. The book discusses the issues of electrical loads, the choice of devices, and provides materials on overhead power networks of industrial enterprises. The first edition appeared in 1973 in two books. The second edition contains new types of equipment, requirements of new GOST, PTE and other regulatory materials.
Anastasiev P.I., Branzburg E.Z., Kolyada A.V. Design of cable networks and wiring. Under total ed. Khromchenko G. E. - M .: "Energy", 1980, - 384 p.
The book is intended for engineers of design organizations engaged in the design of cable lines and wiring, students of universities in electrical power engineering. The materials necessary for the design of cable networks and wiring of electrical installations of enterprises in various industries, cultural and community buildings and agriculture are outlined; methods for calculating cable lines and data on the choice of brands of cables and wires according to environmental conditions and laying methods are given.
Ovcharenko A.S., Rabinovich M.L., Mozyrsky V.N., Rozinsky D.I. Reference book on the power supply of industrial enterprises: Design and calculation. 1985. - K .: Technique, 279 p.
The reference book contains data on the calculation of power supply systems for industrial enterprises, electrical circuits and their reliability, short-circuit currents, power quality indicators, reactive power compensation, starting and self-starting of electric motors, relay protection devices and automation. Designed for engineering and technical workers involved in the design and operation of power supply systems for industrial enterprises, and may also be useful to university students.
Barybin Yu.G. Power supply design guide M.: Energoatomizdat, 1990
Contains materials and reference data for the integrated design of power supply systems for electrical installations of industrial enterprises. Reflected are progressive technical solutions for these systems, based on the use of substations with SF6 equipment, low-oil circuit breakers, static and filter compensating devices. Non-contact protection and network automation are considered. For engineering and technical workers involved in the design and operation of electrical installations of industrial enterprises.
Krupovich V.I., Barybin Yu.G. Samover M.L. Power Supply Design Handbook. 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Energy, 1980. - 456 p., ill. - (Electrical installations of industrial enterprises.)
The directory contains technical solutions for power supply systems of industrial enterprises aimed at improving the reliability and efficiency of electrical installations. The second edition was published in 1974 under the title "Handbook for the design of power supply, transmission lines and networks." In the third edition, all sections have been revised and supplemented taking into account best practices, as well as changes in the requirements of regulatory documents.
Fedorov A.L., Starkova L.E. Textbook for course and diploma design for the power supply of industrial enterprises. Textbook for universities. - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1987
The book contains the main provisions necessary for the implementation of course and diploma projects on the power supply of industrial enterprises. Electrical loads are determined that do not overestimate the power consumed by the enterprise, schemes of internal and external power supply systems, resistance of devices to short-circuit currents, technical and economic feasibility of the decisions made. For university students.
Fedorov A.A., Serbinovsky G.V. Reference book on the power supply of industrial enterprises: Electrical equipment and automation. 1981. M.: Energoizdat -624 p., ill.
The handbook contains information on electrical equipment, its permissible overloads, relay protection devices and automation of power supply systems. Material on electrical loads, the choice of devices, overhead power networks was placed in the Handbook on the power supply of industrial enterprises.
Zevakin A.I., Ligerman I.I. Busbars in electrical networks of industrial enterprises. M.: Energy, 1979. -96 p.
The book discusses designs, applications, development prospects, as well as issues of installation and operation of 1000V busbars of domestic production in electrical networks of industrial enterprises. The use of main, distribution, lighting and trolley busbars is considered.
Kozlov V. A. Power supply of cities. Ed. 2nd revised. 280 s. from ill. Publishing house "Energy", 1977
The book discusses the issues of rational construction of power supply to large cities, requirements for the reliability of power supply to urban consumers, technical and economic characteristics of cable lines and transformers, optimal options for power supply systems, features of their construction and design.
Kozlov V.A. City distribution networks. Leningrad: Energoatomizdat, Leningrad. department, 1982. - 224 p., ill.
The issues of building urban distribution electrical networks are considered. The book contains the requirements for the power supply of urban consumers, the definition of design loads, the principles of building distribution networks, the applied protection and automatic devices, the procedure for electrical calculation and selection of parameters for individual network elements, technical and economic calculations.
Lipkin B. Yu. Power supply of industrial enterprises and installations: A textbook for students of technical schools. -3rd ed., translation, and dollars. - M.: Higher. school, 1981. - 376 p., ill.
The textbook provides information about power stations and electrical systems, describes the main electrical equipment of stations and substations, relay protection and automation devices, considers the electrical loads of industrial enterprises, and provides calculations of electrical factory and workshop networks. Intended for students of secondary special educational institutions. Can be used by engineering and technical workers dealing with these issues.
Tsigelman I.E. Power supply of civil buildings and utilities: Textbook for technical schools - M .: Higher. school. 1988. - 319 pages.
The book discusses general information about power plants and their modes of operation, outlines theoretical issues of lighting engineering, gives instructions on the design and construction of lighting installations, provides schematic diagrams for constructing supply and distribution networks with voltage up to 10 kV, outlines methods for determining the lighting and power loads of public, residential buildings and enterprises, calculations of electrical networks, general information about the operation of relay protection and the implementation of grounding devices, the schematic diagrams of distribution points and transformer substations are considered, the calculation of short-circuit currents and the choice of high-voltage equipment are given.
Design of power supply systems. Tutorial
Mikhailov VV Tariffs and power consumption regimes. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1986. - 216 p.: Ill. - (Economy of fuel and electricity)
The book discusses the main systems of tariffs for electricity and their impact on the mode of power consumption and finding optimal modes in order to equalize the load schedules of power systems. Electricity metering systems are described. The first edition of the book was published in 1974. In the second edition, changes and additions were made in accordance with new trends in the energy sector. For engineering and technical workers specializing in the field of power supply of industrial enterprises and general energy.
Book info...
Zimin E. N. Protection of asynchronous motors up to 500 V. Izd. 2nd, revised, and additional. M. - L., Publishing House "Energy", 1967. 88 p. with hell. (B-ka electrician. Vol. 209)
Book info...
Livshits D.S. Heating of conductors and protection by fuses in electrical networks up to 1000 V, M. - L., Energia publishing house, 1959. 43 p. with hell. (B-ka electrician. Vol. 6)
Book info...
Belyaev A.V. Selection of equipment, protection and cables in 0.4 kV networks - Leningrad branch: Energoatomizdat, 1988
Book info...
Karpov F. F. How to choose the cross section of wires and cables. Ed. 3rd, revised. M., "Energy", 1973. 72 p. from ill. (B-ka electrician. Issue. 386).
Book info...
Konstantinov B. A. Zaitsev G. 3. Reactive power compensation. L., "Energy", 1976. 104 p. from ill. (B-ka electrician. Issue. 445.)
Book info...
Elimination or reduction of the influence of harmful and dangerous production factors has several directions. First of all, these are organizational and technical measures aimed at protecting health and increasing labor productivity. Consider the safety measures for the operation of the electrical equipment of the workshop, a list of inventory and accessories for safety. The quality of isolation of intrashop networks should ensure trouble-free and safe operation of equipment and personnel. Insulation failure can cause short circuits and accidents. To prevent all these consequences, the correct choice of protection equipment is necessary; installation and operation of intrashop networks; compliance with the PUE, inspections, repairs and testing of electrical installations. Localization of the consequences of a short circuit is carried out by high-speed automatic switches and fuses. Fuses are installed for short circuit and overload protection. Removal and installation of fuses is carried out in goggles and dielectric gloves. Fuses can only be replaced by an electrician. Because over time, the quality of the insulation of intrashop networks deteriorates, then periodically it is necessary to measure its resistance. The resistance of the wiring at a megger voltage of 1000 V is 1.0 MΩ. The operation of electrical networks includes: inspection of electrical networks, lamps, cleaning of lamps from dust - all these works are carried out without removing the voltage. Repair work is carried out by two people with the voltage removed. The brigade must be equipped according to the list below. List of inventory and accessories for safety.Protective earthing is provided to provide protection against earth fault voltage. For its implementation, we calculate the required number of ground electrodes and select the design.
1. Determine the resistance of the vertical ground electrode
R B \u003d 0.366 * ρ calculated / ℓ* (lg 2*ℓ / d + ½ lg 4t + ℓ / 4t - ℓ) (19.3)
where ρ calc = k sec * ρ gr. 1.7 * 50 = 85 - estimated specific
soil resistance (8.4) , Ohm;
ksez = 1.7 – seasonality factor, taking into account freezing and
soil drying (table 19.2);
ρ gr = 50 - specific soil resistance, measured at normal
d=16 - rod diameter, mm;
l=5- ground electrode length, m;
t=3.2 - distance from the soil surface to the middle of the pipe, m.
R B \u003d 0.366 * 85 / 5 * (lg 2 * 5 / 0.016 + ½ lg 4 * 3.2 + 5 / 4 * 3.2-5) \u003d
6.22 * (2.8 +0.18) = 18.54 ohms
2. Determine the approximate number of rods:
n op = (1.5 ÷ 2) * Rv / Rz
where Rz \u003d 4 is the resistance of the grounding device according to clause 1.7.101 [PUE].
n op \u003d 1.5 * 18.54 / 4 ≈ 9;
3. Determine the number of rods
n op = Rv / Rz * η in, (9.9)
where η in \u003d 0.83 is the shielding factor of tubular earth electrodes, depending on the number and relative position of earth electrodes according to table 9.1.
n op \u003d 18.54 / 4 * 0.83 \u003d 6 rods.
4. Determine the length of the horizontal ground electrode.
lp \u003d a (n'-1).
where a=15- distance between pipes, m;
lp \u003d 15 (6-1) \u003d 75 m.
5. Determine the coefficient of use of rods (ηс)
and extended (ηg) grounding conductors when placing them along
the perimeter of a closed loop at α / ℓ = 1:
ηс = 0.70; ηg = 0.64; (table 19.6) [ 3 ]
electrodes:
Rg = 0.366 ∙ ρ*kp / ℓ ∙ lg 2 ∙ ℓ / b ∙ t (8.5)
where kp = 1.4 is the seasonality coefficient (table 19.2);
ρ gr. = 50 – soil resistivity measured at normal
humidity, table 56, Ohm / m;
b p \u003d 0.25 - strip width, mm;
l p \u003d 75 - the length of the horizontal ground electrode, m;
t=0.7 - depth, m;
R g \u003d 0.366 * 50 * 4/5 * lg 2 * 752 / 0.25 * 0.7 \u003d 14.64 * lg 11250 / 0.18 \u003d 70.2 Ohm.
6. We specify the required resistance of the vertical electrodes with
band
R claim \u003d R g * R s / R g -R s (8.11)
R claim \u003d 70.2 * 4 / 70.2-4 \u003d 4 ohms
7. Determine the corrected number of rods, taking into account the band
N s \u003d R B / n s * R claim
n c \u003d 18.54 / 0.83 * 4 \u003d 5 rods.
The specified number of rods n z = 5 rods.
– Manual on DP pp. 54,55
The grounding device is made in the form of a closed loop of a steel strip 25 × 4 mm, laid at a depth of 0.7 m along the perimeter of the room and a rod length of 5 m, with a diameter of 16 mm.
climatic zone 2. For a 10/0.4 kV transformer substation, one common ground is made, to which the transformer neutral is connected on the 0.4 kV side, the transformer case, cable armor with voltage up to and above 1 kV. A horizontal closed circuit is laid around the area occupied by the transformer substation. The calculation and design of the grounding is made in accordance with.
Environmental protection measures consist of the following actions: the creation of healthy and safe working conditions at work, excluding adverse microclimatic conditions and the negative impact of harmful emissions into the atmosphere, consists in strict compliance with air requirements:
Organizational events:
regular monitoring of parameters and air purity at workplaces of industrial premises;
prohibition of work without protective equipment if the air quality does not meet the standards;
control over the execution of instructions.
Technological measures:
systematic maintenance of cleanliness in production premises;
fulfillment of regime conditions and work parameters;
Technical measures:
development and design of equipment that excludes the release of heat, moisture, dust, vapors and gases in the production room;
development and installation of supply and exhaust ventilation systems;
use of an efficient heating system;
The main method of noise reduction at production facilities is its attenuation in noise sources, carried out during the design of machines and technical processes. According to the design of production equipment, it must ensure noise reduction to the regulated values. The same applies to vibration sources.
To reduce the harmful effects of noise on the human body, the following main methods are used: noise reduction at the source, sound insulation, sound absorption, personal protective equipment, vibration isolation. The spread of noise from its source is prevented by replacing metal parts with plastic ones; rolling bearings on plain bearings; limiting the speed of gas flows; lubrication of colliding parts; installation of mufflers at the outlet of exhaust gases, etc.; sheltering machines with casings made of soundproof material.
Vibrations are one of the varieties of mechanical vibrations transmitted to a person directly from a source of vibration or through structural elements.
Reducing the transmission of vibration through the ground is achieved by using
arrangement of foundations for acoustic joints with filling them with asbestos chips, which prevents the propagation of vibrations outside the filling; weakening the vibration of parts using vibration-absorbing pads and foundations, rubber linings, etc.
Thermal radiation is a process in which the heat of radiation is distributed in the form of infrared radiation with a wavelength of about 10 mm. To protect people from the harmful effects of thermal radiation, thermal insulation is used, by installing external heat-insulating casings made of asbestos, overalls, etc. are used as personal protective equipment.
Protection against excessive lighting is the normalized selection of lamps, wiping the lamps on time and checking the lighting standards once a year.
Barybin power supply design guide
Barybin reference book for power supply design Energoatomizdat, 1990
Contains materials and reference data for the integrated design of power supply systems for electrical installations of industrial enterprises. Reflected are progressive technical solutions for these systems, based on the use of substations with SF6 equipment, low-oil circuit breakers, static and filter compensating devices. Non-contact protection and network automation are considered.
For engineering and technical workers involved in the design and operation of electrical installations of industrial enterprises.
Barybin directory for power supply design
Content:
GENERAL INFORMATION
POWER SUPPLY AND SUBSTATIONS
– Determination of electrical loads, power quality, reliability of power supply, categories of power consumers, selection of voltage and power of transformers, reactive power compensation
— Short circuit currents
– Selection and testing of devices and conductors with a voltage of 1-220 kV
— Power transformers and autotransformers
— Gas-insulated switchgears and circuit breakers
— Vacuum switches
— Power supply and substation schemes
— Layout solutions for substations and distribution points
— Converter units and substations. Traction substations of industrial electrified transport
— Reactive power compensation
— Protection of overhead power lines, substations, rotating machines and conductors from surges
— Power supplies and control current systems
— Relay protection and network automation
— High voltage circuit breaker control, warning and alarm
— Measurement of electrical quantities
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN TROPICAL CLIMATE CONDITIONS
