Exceptions: to be left with nothing, to have nothing to do with it, to count for nothing, etc. Cf. also: there is no point in arguing (‘nothing for, no need’) - the medicine is already useless (‘unnecessary’ - in the role of a predicate). 3. The repeating particle does not have the meaning of a connecting union: There was no news from him for a day or a month; On this road neither pass nor pass; Neither quietly nor loudly flows the story. 2. The use of a repeating union-particle neither in the meaning of ‘and not’ makes it superfluous to have the union before it and (usually before the last homogeneous member of the sentence). In exclamatory sentences with an affirmative meaning in combination with the meaning ‘it doesn’t matter who (what, what, etc.)’, it is possible to use the particle neither: Who told you this?

Rules for writing particles "NOT - NOR" along with other words

The particle (prefix) is written in negative pronouns and adverbs in an unstressed position: nowhere, none, nobody, nowhere (but: nowhere, nowhere). The negative predicate in the sentence may be absent, but it is implied: There is no one in the garden (there is no one). The repeating particle is neither used in the function of the connecting union and is equal in value to the combination and not; cf .: At heart, neither fun nor sad.

"Not" and "neither" - together or separately?

Not" will stand separately if there is or is implied opposition in the sacrament. Similarly, with nouns, adverbs and adjectives, if there is or is implied opposition. Comment: the philosophical term “not-I” is written through a hyphen. If the particle is not part of the amplifying negatives (not at all, not at all, far from, not at all, etc.) preceding the adverb, adjective or noun.

Many confuse its spelling with gerunds. These parts of speech were formed from verbs, but with “not” they are written in completely different ways. As you can see, the participle "not fulfilled" is written separately from "not", since it has the dependent word "exercise" with it. In this case, it is included in participle turnover, which explains its spelling with a negative particle.

In addition, the presence of double negation sometimes makes translation from Russian very difficult. Therefore, even in such trifles as the spelling of particles, we have to be guided by certain rules. To begin with, consider the general concepts of spelling "not" and "neither", and their place in the sentence. 3. With indefinite, negative pronouns and some adverbs in an unstressed position, “neither” is always written in sentences. 1. If the noun is not used without "not" (loser).

Words without not are not used: fury, rainy, necessary, impossible, hate. Nouns, adjectives and adverbs in -o form a non-new word with (it can be replaced by a synonym): not true ('false'), not bad ('good'), not far ('close'). Short adjectives that are not used in full form or have a full form with a different meaning: not happy, not supposed to, not ready, not much. Spelling not with short adjectives often depends on the meaning (affirmation or negation): He is not smart. He is stupid (stupid). Amplifying particle NI - together or separately?

Usually the particle "not" has the meaning of negation (I did not come to school because I was sick). Separately, it is necessary to say about the words “not one” = “many” (Not one person has visited these places = many), “not one” = no one (Not one will pass through this barrier = no one). And one more thing: if “neither” is a repeating union, then it is written by itself And: He was not interested in stamps, postcards, or badges. Sometimes it seems that it is very difficult to determine which particle should be written with a verb, neither or not. However, everything is quite simple. The exception is verbs that cannot be used without the particle "not". Such verbs include: hate, resent, dislike, captivity, rage, unwell, itchy.

Impactless particles are not and neither

But in most cases the particles are not and neither unstressed and indistinguishable in pronunciation. He cannot read or write. He can neither work nor rest. No matter how much you look for the culprit in this case, you still will not find it. 4. Both the particle not and the particle neither are part of a number of stable combinations.

3. Particles as if, after all, they say, etc., as well as combinations of almost, just, etc. When using an intensifying particle in a sentence, there is usually a negation not (And you will stop time for a moment).

No matter how hard you try, you won't change anything. Spelling NOT, NOR with nouns. Explanation: here, too, NOT occurs twice, but these are not repeating particles.

If negation goes in opposition to a word that does not have this particle. In these cases, the participle is close in meaning to the verb. Comment: not from anything, not for anything - separately, as they are separated by a pretext.

In this situation, it all depends on the accent. It is not easy for schoolchildren to memorize the spelling rules of a given particle with different groups of speech. Each of them has its own orthographic features. Immediately recall its similar spelling with the verb. In this case, we will write it together.

Note. If the particle koe- (koi-) is separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then the line is not put: someone has something, something (cf .: someone, something).

2) With nouns, when the particle gives the word the opposite, new meaning. 1) With gerund forms and verbs. 2) In participles, if the participle is in short form. For example: the house is not completed, the debt is not paid, the coat is not sewn. 6) With all words that are written with a hyphen. For example: it is not said in Russian, all are not commercial and industrial enterprises, they do not sing in the old way.

Think about the meaning

The main meaning of the particle Not - denial.

Particle Not write:

1. With different parts of speech to convey the meaning of negation: Not believe Not good, Not Fine, Not once etc.
2. In negative pronouns: Not to whom, Not´ what, Not by whom, Not how and so on. If they are used with prepositions, then they are written separately: n e´ someone, not´ with anything ...
3. In indefinite pronouns: Not Who, Not What.
4. In rhetorical questions: How Not love him?(= impossible not to love), Who Not know this poem?(= everyone knows).
5. In stable combinations of various kinds: a little Not; a little Not; barely Not; barely Not; Bye Not; only Not; Not That; Not That... Not That; Not only, but also; Not what (not) ... but; Not then to ... a; Not so that... a; at all Not, far Not, almost, hardly Not, not at all Not, not at all Not, by no means Not, slightly Not, almost Not, not more than, Not more like, as well as in stable lexical combinations: Not by the address, Not as a joke Not by oneself, Not god knows Not sin, Not by the teeth Not couple and etc.

Attention

In pronouns Not under stress and neither without an accent.
Indefinite pronouns not´ who And not´ what are not in indirect cases.

Think about the meaning:

1)no one(nobody) - not alone(a lot of): None of them did the job! - He skipped classes more than once.
never(never) - not once(a lot of): I have never been to her house. I have been to her house many times.
not at all(not at all) - quite a few(a lot of): not to confuse at all - to know a lot of interesting things.

Particles are not and neither are negative, therefore they serve to denote the negation of an action, sign, object, etc.: Let the past go away: do not grieve (Sad.); In the place of cities there are no stones, no ruins (Vol.).
The use of particles is not

1. The particle is not used as the main negation of what is denoted by the word to which it refers in meaning: This is life, not frozen in bronze, a draft that was not included in volumes (Antok.).
2. The particle is not included in the composition of stable combinations, hardly not, almost, almost, not at all, and also in the unions not that ... not that, not only - but, not that not ... but , not that not ... but not yet.
3. The particle is not used in exclamatory and interrogative sentences that begin with pronouns, adverbs, particles (who is not, how not, where not, etc.): How not to love your native Moscow! (Bar.)
4. As a particle repeated in a compound verbal predicate “yam”, it does not serve to convey an affirmative meaning: I could not help but admit in my soul that my behavior in the Simbirsk tavern was stupid (P.).
5. As a derivational particle, not under stress, it is included in indefinite and negative pronouns and adverbs (someone, something, several, no one, nothing, nowhere, nowhere, no reason). "There was no one to wait for letters from and nowhere.

The use of a particle

1. The particle neither serves to strengthen the negation:
Then, that all in the snow, in winter I can neither turn green nor bloom (Kr.).
2. The particle is not included in stable combinations, neither give nor take, neither fluff nor feather, neither hearing nor spirit, nor from the place.
3. To strengthen the affirmative meaning, the particle is used in a subordinate clause in combination with pronouns, adverbs (whoever, whatever, whatever, wherever, wherever; how much, etc.):
No matter how much a nation in its history gives birth to heroes, no matter how many feats it accomplishes, there are always a few people and a few events (Panch.);
As if. be that as it may, the child was born blind (Cor.).
In this sense, combinations of pronouns and adverbs with a particle did not enter into the composition of stable turns (by all means, wherever it went, out of nowhere, etc.).
4. As a word-forming unstressed particle, it is not included in negative pronouns and adverbs (no one, nothing, no, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, not at all) ". And that one is not needed and this one is useless (Kar.).
311. Read. Set the particle value to neither and nor.
1. How beautiful this forest is in late autumn! There is no wind, no shadow, no light, no noise (T.). 2. Even in the most frank moment with my most beloved friends, I never let out a single word about the difficult financial situation of my family (Vod.). 3. He did not like to accept complete strangers (F.S.). 4. And what changes inside the house! No Zakhar or Anisya to be seen! (Hound.) 5. I could not fall asleep, not because I was not tired of hunting, and not because the anxiety I experienced dispersed my sleep, and we had to go to very beautiful places (T.). 6. No, not the decrepit East to defeat me! (L.) 7. There is still no rumor or spirit about "Surgery" (Ch.). 8. Do not fall out of love, do not tear from the heart, do not darken you, Russian snows! (Tat.)
312. (Composition.) Write a miniature essay about the relationship and difference between generations (for example, "Fathers w. children" of our days) using the particles not and neither to create both negative and affirmative constructions. Use rhetorical figures.

WRITING NOT AND NOR WITH DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH

1. The particle is not written together:
1) in those cases when the word is not used without it (ignoramus, restless, it is impossible to be indignant, hating);
2) with nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -o, if they do not form a new, opposite in meaning word (antonym):
enemy (= enemy), not hard (= soft), not far (as close);
3) under stress in indefinite and negative pronouns without prepositions (someone, no one, something, nothing, some, some; cf. nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere)
4) in verbs with the prefix under- (overlook, underestimate, undernourish);
Note. From verbs with the prefix under-, which indicate inconsistency with the required norm, one should distinguish verbs with the prefix before- and the particle not, which denote actions that have not been completed; cf .: she didn’t say something (“she kept silent”) - she didn’t tell the story to the end (“didn’t finish the story”).
5) with full forms of participles, in which there are no dependent (explanatory) words (unverified notebook, unreadable audience, unseeing eye, unrested traveler).
2. The particle is not written separately:
1) with verbs and gerunds (does not rejoice, did not dine; without inventing); exceptions:
does not go, itching, itching;
2) with full forms of participles, if they have a dependent (explanatory) word (rain that has not stopped since morning; athlete not jogging; problem not solved by the student);
Note. If the participle turns into an adjective, its particle is not written together with it, regardless of the presence of an explanatory word (an exception is a word with neither), in the absence of conditions for separate writing of a particle not with adjectives. Cf .: an ascent not completed by climbers (participle with a dependent word) - products that are imperfect in form (an adjective with a dependent word) - products that are not perfect in form (an adjective with the word not at all, including the negation of neither).
3) with short forms of participles (the solution is not defined, the hay is not cut);
4) with nouns, adjectives, adverbs in -o, if there is a contrast with the union a or it is only implied, it is expressed by intonation (he is not a friend, but an enemy; the river is not stormy, but calm; the cottage is not far, but close; coat not expensive - you can buy it; for me this is not news);
Note. Such oppositions should be distinguished from constructions with an imaginary opposition, in which not mutually exclusive (antonymous) concepts are compared, but combined ones; cf .: the house is not high, but low - the house is low, but beautiful. When compared with the conjunction to, the particle is not written together with adjectives.
5) with adjectives and adverbs in -o in the presence of explanatory words by no means, far, at all, as well as all words that include the particle neither (far from calm, not at all friendly, by no means joyful; not at all scary, not at all miserable, nothing notable);
Note. In the presence of explanatory words - circumstances of measure and degree absolutely, very, highly, completely, extremely, partly, almost, completely, completely, extremely - a particle not with adjectives and adverbs in -o is written together (a very unprofitable business, a very unattractive act , totally unacceptable).
6) with numerals, intensifying adverbs, pronouns, impersonal predicative words (not two, not seven, not quite, not he, not that, not necessary, not sorry, not necessary).
3. The particle is written together:
1) in an unstressed position in pronouns without a preposition (no one, nothing, no one, none, no one; cf .: with no one, about nothing, with no one);
2) in adverbs (nowhere, no way, never, nowhere, nowhere).
B5| 4. In all other cases, with any other parts of speech, the particle is not written separately from the words before which it is used (not once, not a minute, not an answer, not a hello, not a single person came, not me).
Notes. 1. It is necessary to distinguish between the expressions no one else and no one else (other), as (a); nothing else and nothing else (other) than (a). The expressions none other, nothing else presuppose the presence of particles and create a negation. The expressions none other than, none other than presuppose the existence of the conjunction as. For example: What. if all human life is nothing but a chain of transformations? (Cat.); And suddenly I realized that it was no one else in the forest who, like the capercaillie, sang (Prishv.).
2. Expressions not one ("no one"), never ("never") - negative (Not a single friend has ever been with him this winter). Expressions more than once, more than once ("many", "many * or "many times", "repeatedly") are affirmative (Not one of my grandfather gave his life in the war; More than once I heard a Russian song).
313. Rewrite, opening brackets and distributing these words into groups: 1) without not not used; 2) in combination with, no other, antonymous meaning arises.
(Not) tense, (not) up to 1 company, (not) p, orosl, ^ke ^ literate, (not) malfunctions, (not) was a bird, / "invisible, (not) courtesy, (not ^ grip, (not) freely , SnSURyaditsa, (not) trouble, (not) hot, (not ^ desire, / "unhappy, (not) harvest" zhai, (not ^ on time, (not ^ affection.

314. Read. Determine with what part of speech the particles not and neither are used. Explain their merged or separate spelling.
1. Since then, I have not met my stranger anywhere (T.). 2. I like that you are not sick with me, I like that I am not sick with you (Color). 3. That my tender name, my tender one, you don’t mention day or night ... (Color) 4. Unprecedented autumn built a high dome (Ahm.). 5. And he is not a writer who has not added at least a little vigilance to a person’s vision (Paust.). 6. It is not shameful to suffer for beliefs (F.S.). 7. Sat down, began Kvaotet; he still won’t go well (Cr.). 8. I don't want your love, I can't appropriate it; I am unable to answer her, my soul is not worth yours (Snout).
315. Rewrite, opening brackets. Explain the spelling of neither and nor with nouns.
1. Let them hate (not) iravyau with a fiery soul (Ryl.). 2. As if he was hoarding objects of my Dream of Love (Ahm.). 3. Your vault has fallen; an owl and (not) t: oiyr (Fet) fly around with a cry. 4. The war burned us with fires, and hatred for the enemies boiled (Thoth). 5. I will write a letter to you with tears. And (not with words, but with living blood (Thot.). 6. She was far from being beautiful (L.). 7. Or on deck in bad weather, wrapped in fluffy fur, listen to the car knock ... (Ahm.) 8. Everything is closed in the city - a holiday, "the taking of the Bastille", but ("no ^ dances, With no ^ processions (Bun.).
316. Rewrite, opening brackets. Explain the spelling of neither and nor with adjectives.
1. The sun became ("dimmed (Green). 2. Nailed to the pillory of the ancient Slavic conscience, with a snake in her heart and with a brand on her forehead, I affirm that - SnSvinna (Tsv.). 3. Then he suddenly felt an inexplicable relief , which allowed him to inflict a series of crushing blows on the enemy (I. and P.). for all occasions he had his own, often completely (unexpected sayings (Sk.). 6. Fashion is a thing (inevitable, but dangerous! (Conch.) 7. It was a khaki army shirt, (^ non-dress - field (Kar. 8. The silence was painful and not) aro) 5, olzhktelaoe (Greene).
317. Rewrite, opening brackets and inserting missing letters. Explain the spelling not and neither with pronouns,
1. And ("n-. ^ what does this expectation (T.). 2. She could not continue: (n ..) th" about the extraordinary happened at that very moment (T.). 3. They all looked at him, but (n ..) who (n ..) didn’t say anything until a tall old man who came out on the road turned to him (L. T.) 4. I know your wrinkles, as you know and you are mine, whom - (n ..) are you the author? (Color) 5. ... Listen to the car knocking and not think (n ..) (o) what1 (Ahm.). 6. This is only a girl made of clay, (n-)(about) why should she complain like that (Ahm.) 7. "Gentlemen! - he said, - this (n ..) (on) what does not look like" (L.).
318. (Composition.) Write a miniature essay (joke, humoresque) using these set expressions.
For nothing, for nothing, for no reason at all, neither this nor that, neither this nor that, neither one nor the other, neither this nor that.
319. Rewrite, opening brackets and inserting missing letters. Explain the spelling of neither and nor with verbs.
1. Scattering .. elderberry measles ... (N ..) star "qi! (Color) 2. It was getting light. ) was enough (Antok.) 3. Two o'clock in the morning... (N..)spE1T..sya (L.). I thought (L.). 5. I confess how much I (n: ^ tried to distinguish in the distance something like a boat, but to no avail (L.). 6. Where (n ..) I look, thick rye is everywhere (Mike.). .) to love your native Moscow (Bar.) 8. Love in no way (does) hurt: mind (Ryl.).
320. Read, opening the brackets. Determine in which cases the verb contains the prefix under-, expressing the incompleteness of the action.
1. Splashed honey, and songs (not) (before) the stove (Vol.). 2. Then a fire banner appeared on the screen, the name of the coming dawn, (not) (before) sleeping Kazbek (Antok.). 3. The Fox lost health and peace in business, in the labors of a piece (not) (up to) er, ala, nights (not) (up to) poured. (Cr.). 4. Returning home, I noticed that I was (not) (before getting up (L.). 5. I (not) (before) familiarity (Bob.). 6. Pekarsky, continuing (not) ( to) be able to, tapped his fingers on the table (Ch.). 7. ... The fullness and depth of feelings and thoughts (not) (to) start & e7 frantic impulses (L.) 8. Chernysh's relative loved the Little Russian people as passionately as (not) (to) loved "avell" Cossacks, that is, Great Russians (Leek.). 9. There are a lot of eyes around! One (not) (to) looked, and the second, and the third saw (Pris.).
321. Rewrite, opening brackets. What patterns determine spelling not with gerunds?

1. He walked (not ^ hurrying and slightly tilting his thin camp (T.). 2. As soon as the Wolf starts brawling at the flock and offending the Sheep, then the Sheep is in power here, ^ ke ^ dismantling his face, grab by the collar and in present the court immediately (Kr.) 3. We (not) even sit down at a kitchen table as long as bunk beds (Ast.) 4. (Feeling neither arms nor legs, I crawled through the snow a little alive (Sim. 5. The old men ran after them, panting and (not) mountains, blowing (I. and P.) 6. Crowds (not) vytsya, eyes (without tearing off familiar features, I walked next to her (Yu. V.). 7. He left because (not dying, that, perhaps, he did not exist as a person (Sev.). 8. “I apologize,” Nikanor Ivanovich spoke already (not) tots, uya ( Bulg.).
322. Rewrite, opening brackets. Explain the spelling of the particle not with participles and words in -m'sh.
1. But (a non-surrendering verb after a goal scores a goal (Thot.). 2. There are lucky and lucky ones who sing (not able (Tsv.). 3. The hermit was (not) talkative;
Mishun is silent by nature: so out of the hut (not taken out copy (Kr.). 4. I had to go to the chest of drawers, get a new shirt, still (not put on (F. S.). 5. Then I put everything on the table, where there was already a mountain of Sme ^ unopened parcels (End.). 6. Where else are these ^ incessant explosions? now it seemed to me with nothing (incomparable (not ^ happiness (See). 9. Therefore, Lithuanians, Ottomans and Russians had their own ^ unique destinies (L. Gum.). 10. However, theories (not. / digestible, especially new (L. Gum.).
323. (Composition.) Read, opening the brackets. Comment on the spelling of words with not (particle or prefix). Write an essay (description or reasoning) "Portrait of a Russian landowner" (based on the works of N. V. Gogol, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. N. Tolstoy or other authors - of your choice).
Oh, kids, you would have liked the landowners of that time too! Of course, you (won't) start, maybe, blame them for the fact that they were quite some / "uncouth ... And I just (won't) look at them without laughing. But they struck me not only with their Although I didn’t (have) been in society at all before my wedding, I still realized that most of them were rude, funny, educated people, and their jokes, witticisms and hints were up to (“incredibility (not) delicate and even dirty (According to E. N. Vodovozova.)
324. Rewrite, opening brackets and inserting missing letters. Explain the spelling not and neither with, adverbs.
1. (N... ^for nothing love for the public good burns in a young man! (Sn.) 2. Siberia was conquered by the tsar, and we Laughtily lived in the world! (Sn.) 3. And (n ..) d & rom did you spend your money? (F. S.) 4. A transparent veil falls on the fresh turf and C imperceptibly melts (Ahm.) 5. ... I tried to do all my antics and insolence to the authorities with a cheerful look, wanting to show that I don’t care (n..) how much (Water.) 6. ... You see, (n..) (c) you can hear the lonely steps (Tarn.) 7. And this is (not) just a reward for the heart, - such a joy that more (not) aado! (Tarn.) 8. Heavy rain poured (n ..) d, long (L. T.).
325. (Training dictation.) Read, opening the brackets and inserting the missing letters. Explain the spelling of particles and their choice. Write the text under dictation.
So..nce has long gone, but the light (n..) was waning.
A cloud, gray as a hare, that rose over the field, was without a shadow, and gave birth .. with .. yala, like an emerald sat.-zen at a wedding feast.
Heavy .. lym .. drops rained down with notes. (N ..) thickly, interrupting every now and then, as if someone (someone) counted them - .val. All coins are silver, with a good (half ^ half a dozen.
Falling on the plump, well-groomed ground, drops-coins raised-.mali fountains-.chiki of dust. Dust, settling.. giving, hastily covered moisture - the fourth week without DOG..DYA.
Malach looked askance at the sky (is) (under) his forehead. And then there was a gasp over him, and such a rain fell down .. that even the field itself .. became clear. However, that sort of thing happened. A cloud will fly by, (it will wet the floor / of the village, and it will be dry in the other half. But what would) rain .. spilled on only one field, bypassing the others? (According to V. Bakhrevsky.)
326. (Preliminary dictation.) Repeat the spelling of particles not I nor with different parts of speech. Write the text under dictation.
We were not at all prepared for independent thinking or critical analysis.
Our thoughts were somehow short and uncomplicated, expressed fragmentarily and inconsistently.
Our feelings and expressions were not only gregarious, but often perverted, our language suffered from monotony and poverty of expression, and our vocabulary was extremely small. But be that as it may, our thoughts stirred for the first time, we were seized by some kind of whirlwind of questions, everyone's eyes shone, their cheeks burned, their hearts trembled. We sat and talked long after midnight, rushing to the beds at every noise from the cool lady's room.
"He's just desperate!" was the opinion of the majority. However, despite the reviews, not entirely favorable for Ushinsky, we immediately, instinctively, sensed something strong, large and original in his personality.
Oh, if only he had stayed with us longer! - the pupils exclaimed, but immediately unanimously expressed their firm conviction that he would not do well with us. (According to E. N. Vodovozova.)

327. Repeat spelling not and neither. Rewrite, opening brackets and inserting missing letters.
1. How (n: ^ I tried to drive away the memories of S n Acquaintance ... it kept returning and pestering me. , - (n ..) vi8l, or something, his "? 3. ... If when I went to my village, then (n ..) more like for (not) how many days, so I (n ..) once "at (n ..) I had a chance to visit ^k-^ Glinny, (n ..) in Mikhailovsky. (n ..) that man. 5. The girl Badaeva sang (not) d, cheers. 6. With f bewilderment, weakly stretching out one hand, she looked at me. 7. Moreover, I really am more (n ..) than ( 8. I (n..) what (n..) zts & yu, resolutely<к../чего; я <не^знаю, (н..)кто вы, (н..)кто он. 9. Знаю я эту ^небрежность ^неизлечимого горя, знаю равнодушие безвозвратного (не)счастъя\ 10. На дворе (не)зашечалосъ (н..)чего /"необыкновенного. (По И. С. Тургеневу.)

328. (Control dictation.) Repeat the topic "Spelling particles." Write the text under dictation.
When Gogol was a student at the Nizhyn Lyceum, the elder Chernysh happened to go with him fifty or a hundred miles from Nizhyn to the village to visit some of their mutual friends. To whom exactly - I do not know, but they went together.
The June heat was unbearable outside, and the red-hot air of Little Russia was full of that fine black earth dust that can penetrate everything - turn travelers into black sheep, blind their hair and powder their eyes, nose and ears. The boundless Little Russian steppe spreads wide around, and it seems that there is no end or limit to it. In the whole field there is no living being; even small birds, and those, tired, fell to the roots of bread, and they are not visible where they overcome this terrible heat of a fiery furnace. Only one dirty gadfly with huge eyes relentlessly looms over the unfortunate lathered horses and further increases their excruciating torment.
Gogol kept humming songs, twirling, whistling at the horses, driving the gadflies away with a twig, and talking in a playful tone to the coachman. But at that time the coachman came across to them as the most untalkative, and no matter how Gogol started talking to him, he finally had to refuse to talk with him. And then it was thrown to the satellite. Gogol, very calmly, but without prejudice, provoked Chernysh to such an extent that, in spite of his fatigue, he, for his part, began to answer ardently and impatiently. (According to N. S. Leskov.)

TESTS

A. How does a particle differ from other parts of speech, including service ones?
B. Does the particle have syntactic functions (the role of a sentence member)?
Q. Determine if the value contributed by the particles is the same: Is it a fish? I thought it was a snake. - Is it a fish? Some small...
D. Which of these words is not used with a hyphen: something, something, ka, go, same1
E. Provide an example in which neither should be used:
He n: was there;
Where has he ever been!;
Wherever he is, I remember a friend;
Was he really there?
E. Give an example in which not to be used:
N .. just wrong;
N .. once n: single n .. made a mistake:
N: how much n .. offended;
N: how many grievances quarreled friends;
N .. only a stalk trembles in a storm;
N .. moon, n: stars.
G. Why are the words fireproof, inexhaustible, never-ending not subject to spelling rules not with participles?

1. Particle Not used for negation, for example: I didn't talk about it. I didn't talk about it. I didn't talk about that.
2. It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of the use of this particle:
1. In the presence of a negative particle Not in both the first and second parts of the compound verbal predicate, the sentence acquires an affirmative meaning, for example: I can't help but mention...(i.e. should mention), can't help but admit...(i.e., one must confess).
2. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences, the particle Not adjoins pronouns, adverbs and particles, forming combinations with them: how not, who is not, who is not, where not, where not only, than not, what not, what not and so on.; interrogative sentences with a combination Not - whether, For example:

   Well, how not to please your own little man!(Griboyedov).

   Who hasn't cursed the stationmasters, who hasn't scolded them?(Pushkin).

   Why are you not great?(Pushkin).

   Where has he been! What did he just not see! Why not work! Sprayed the light; don't you want to get married?(Griboyedov).

   Would you like some senza?(Krylov).

3. In conjunction with the union Bye particle Not used in subordinate clauses of time, denoting the limit to which the action, expressed by the predicate of the main clause, lasts, for example: Stay here until I come;
4. Particle Not included in stable combinations: almost, almost, hardly not, denoting the assumption, far from, by no means, not at all, not at all, not at all denoting reinforced negation, for example: perhaps the best shooter, almost five o'clock in the morning, not a fair decision, not a bad product at all, far from reliable;
5. Particle Not is part of the coordinating unions: not that; not that - not that; not only - but; not that not - but; not that not - but, For example:

   Give me the ring and go; otherwise I will do something with you that you do not expect(Pushkin).

   Upstairs, behind the ceiling, someone is either moaning or laughing(Chekhov).

   The partisans had not only rifles, but machine guns(Stavsky).

3. Particle neither used to reinforce negation, for example:

   I couldn't get a bone anywhere(Krylov).

   There was not a single gap in the sky behind(Fadeev).

   Blizzard never even looked at the questioners(Fadeev).

   There is not a soul in the village now: everything is in the field(Fadeev).

repeating particle neither takes on the meaning of a union, for example:

There was no water or trees to be seen anywhere.(Chekhov).

Neither muses, nor labors, nor the joys of leisure - nothing can replace the only friend(Pushkin).

But the crowds flee, not noticing either him or his anguish.(Chekhov).

I don't know who you are, who is he(Turgenev).

It is necessary to pay attention to individual cases of the use of the particle neither:

1. a) Particle neither used before the predicate in subordinate clauses to reinforce the affirmative meaning, for example:

   Obey him in everything he commands(Pushkin).

   He could not iambic from chorea, no matter how hard we fought, to distinguish(Pushkin).

   Wherever I look, thick rye is everywhere(Maikov).

   Whoever passes, everyone praises(Pushkin).

Particle neither in subordinate clauses of this type, it is adjacent to a relative word or to a union, and therefore subordinate clauses begin with combinations: whoever, whoever, whatever, whatever, no matter how, howsoever, no matter how much, no matter how much, wherever, wherever, wherever, wherever, whatever, Whichever, no one's, whoever, whenever, whenever and so on.

These combinations have entered some stable turns: wherever it went, out of nowhere, through thick and thin and so on.

2. b) Particle neither occurs in stable combinations that have the meaning of a categorical command, for example: Don `t move, not one step further, not a word and so on.
3. c) Particle neither included in negative pronouns: nobody, no one (no one) etc.; nothing, Nothing (up to nothing) etc.; no, no (none) etc.; nobody's, nobody's (no one) etc. and adverbs: never, nowhere, nowhere, out of nowhere, no way, not at all, at all, not at all, as well as in the composition of the particle someday.

Is written neither in stable combinations that include pronouns, for example: stayed with nothing, left with nothing, disappeared for nothing.

4. d) Double neither is included in stable turns, which are a combination of two opposing concepts, for example: neither alive nor dead; neither this nor that; neither fish nor fowl; neither give nor take; neither peahen nor raven and so on.

Is the "not" particle ignored? Sometimes from people practicing popular, you can hear the phrase: "The "NOT" particle is not perceived by the subconscious."

The essence of this phrase lies in the fact that if you formulate a certain setting using the “not” particle, then the human psyche interprets it to the nearest set: as if there were no “not” particle in your formulation.

For example, you tell someone (or remind yourself), "Don't forget to turn off the iron!" - and the insidious "subconscious" perceives this phrase as "Forget to turn off the iron!". That is, in such a way, as if you are programming an action that is directly opposite to what you would like.

Let's see if our unlucky subconscious actually works that way. And, if it really ignores the ill-fated “not” particle, then why is this happening.

It must be said that in some cases the effect of ignoring the “not” particle still happens. By itself, this particle does not carry a semantic load, it is easy to “skip” it and go straight to the content of the message. In what cases does this happen?

The “not” particle is ignored if there is little related information

The “not” particle is easy to miss when it comes to something that you don’t understand much, what you don’t understand or don’t know.

For example, someone says to you: “Buy something in the store, but not a synchrophasotron!”

If you don’t know what a “synchrophasotron” is, then you will spend your mental energy (and attention) on remembering this incomprehensible new word and not missing this particular item in the store. And in the end, there is a high probability that you will bring it from the store. After all, about What exactly you don’t need to do it, you thought, but you failed to focus on the denial of this action, because there just wasn't enough attention. (As you know, at one point in time, human attention can be focused on only one subject.)

The "not" particle is ignored if there is no target

Another case where the “not” particle is easy to ignore is the absence of any other purpose than the need to deny something.

This case is vividly illustrated by such a very difficult task: "Don't think about the white monkey!"

Surely you tried, and it was probably very difficult for you to complete this task, to distract yourself from thoughts about the white monkey. After all, you had to go all out don't think about her. What is the secret here? The secret is that at that moment you did not have any alternative goal.

For example, if you were told: "Don't think of a white monkey, but think of a pink elephant!" - it would be much easier for you to cope, and the “not” particle would not go anywhere.

This same effect occurs when we try to avoid something unpleasant in our lives. For example, don’t run into angry dogs, don’t eat cake at night, don’t think about a person that irritates us. Concentrating on these “not”, we do not set ourselves an alternative goal, the psyche has nothing to strive for at this moment, therefore it very clearly follows your instructions, ignoring the true meaning of your message.

Under what conditions will the particle "not" be perceived

So, as we found out, there is a high probability that the “subconscious” will not perceive the particle “not”,

1. if this particle is contained in an indication of a topic in which you do not understand, if it concerns subjects that are unfamiliar to you;
2. if, apart from the need to deny something, you (or yourself) have not set any other useful goal.

The first case - when a negative attitude concerns areas of knowledge and objects that are not familiar to you - is compensated if the attitude is given not in a “naked” form, but accompanied by some explanation, woven into the context.

For example, if a request not to buy a synchrophasotron is accompanied by some justification why it is not necessary to do this, for what reason the synchrophasotron will not be useful to the applicant now, then your psyche relaxes, it does not need to constantly be focused on an incomprehensible subject, and the meaning of the message is absorbed better, the particle “does not ' is taken as it should be.

With the second case - the absence of an alternative useful goal - it is still easier. Instead of asking to buy something, but not the synchrophasotron, you need to ask to buy something specific: set a goal. Then the problems with the perception of the “not” particle will also be absent.

Finally, I would like to note that the "subconscious" is not as flat and stupid as, unfortunately, popular psychology sometimes tries to present. Your psyche will perceive everything correctly if what needs to be perceived harmoniously fits into it. Let me explain.

You will not have problems with the perception of any installations and instructions, in whatever form they are formulated,

• if you have sufficient knowledge in the right area
• if you have integrated, thoughtful experience on the stated topic
• If you have a good idea of ​​the context, in which this or that installation should or should not be implemented,
• If you think critically and evaluate information for relevance, truth, and suitability as input, and not just zombie, absorbing all the incoming information like a sponge.

In general, do not underestimate the possibilities of your own perception and critical thinking. After all, if someone asks you to “don’t forget to turn off the iron,” “don’t walk alone through dark alleys at night,” “don’t cheat on your partner,” “don’t kill,” “don’t steal,” and so on, do you really believe into the fact that your subconscious, your psyche of an adult formed person will ignore these requests / attitudes and interpret them in the opposite way? ..