Pie of a warm roof under a soft tile. How to make a roofing cake for a soft roof? What it is

In the construction vocabulary, there are different terms that will be incomprehensible to people who do not understand this topic. One of them is such a name as " roofing cake».

What it is?

roofing cake- several layers of material and structures used in the construction of the roof. Therefore, it was compared with a pie - multi-layered and difficult to prepare. This is a whole system with its own nuances, secrets and rules. Nowadays, a roofing cake performs much more features than before; from this, its installation is one of the most difficult points in building a house. What is this "pie" made of?

Device

Ideally, the design of the roofing pie should consist of the following elements:

• interior decoration(directly covering the ceiling);
• vapor barrier;
• thermal insulation (insulation);
• waterproofing;
• gaps for ventilation;
• anti-icing system;
• roof.

The roofing pie also includes decorative elements(weathervanes), gutters, drainage systems and other roofing equipment. If everything is clear with the interior decoration (depending on the chosen interior), then we will deal with insulating elements and other “layers”.

roofing pie

As you know from the lessons of physics, the most heat and water vapor (that is, moisture) is collected under the roof, so attention to insulation should be paid here as much as possible. Before installing the main element - insulation - it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier film so that moisture does not pass further into the roofing pie. But if it passes through this layer, the insulation should not accumulate it in itself, but let it pass further. Thus, the insulation must have high vapor permeability, not deform and be fire resistant. Its thickness should be from 150 to 200 mm. For roofs, slabs made of stone, glass fiber or mineral wool.

Important: the insulation should be installed only after the moisture content of the wooden structural elements of the roofing pie becomes equal to or less than 18%. Otherwise, moisture from the wood will get into the insulation and will not be able to leave it due to the waterproofing layer. The insulation must always be dry.

Blue layer - vapor barrier; yellow - insulation.

Ventilation and anti-icing systems

If your roofing material is wavy leaf, then in any case, natural ventilation is formed. The set of soft type roofing has a special ventilated ridge; also, the upper and lower ventilation gaps are connected with the environment using roof fans.

Anti-icing roofs use a system of heating cables, temperature sensors and other equipment. They can be carried out not only under the roof, but also near the gutters and windows of the upper floors.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing is laid after the provision of ventilation and anti-icing equipment is completed. It can be either moisture-absorbing or moisture-permeable, depending on the material of the roof. Waterproofing is divided into the following types:

• super-diffusion membranes (pass steam, but not water; do not require ventilation gaps);
• waterproofing diffusion membranes (ventilation gaps are required for operation; they allow steam to pass through and retain moisture);
• waterproofing condensate films (gaps are also required; they do not let steam through, suitable for metal tiles and euro slates).

truss system

The thickness of the roofing cake should be in the range of 30-35 centimeters, with this in mind, it is worthwhile to carry out the design of the rafters. For them, you should choose softwood with a moisture content not higher than 22%; treat it with antiseptics and flame retardants. A counter-lattice is installed on the rafters, and then under-roofing waterproofing is mounted on it. The resulting gap will provide additional ventilation. A crate made of timber or a solid flooring made of CSP, OSB or other such materials is attached to the counter-lattice. A hard roof is placed on a crate, but the second option is suitable for a soft one.

Types of roofing cake

Using shingles it is possible not to lay a layer of waterproofing: the bitumen itself is waterproof. The film will be needed only at the corners, cornices and joints, and it will have to be laid not under the crate, but already before the direct installation of the roof.

Soft tiles involve the use of a lining - a polypropylene film that performs waterproofing functions.

Concerning metal tiles, then a layer of soundproofing is required here. Any impacts on such material, whether it be rain or birds, give off an unpleasant sound in the room, so laying this layer is highly recommended.

From the foregoing, we can conclude that different types of roofing require different “recipes” for a roofing pie.

Under shingles

Options:

• rafter dimensions: 200*50 mm
• insulation: 150 mm;
• ventilation: 50 mm;

Waterproofing, as already mentioned, is not needed.

To prevent an increase in the size of the insulation and further consequences, a "mesh" of nylon cord is used.

Under soft tiles.

Options:

• rafter dimensions: 150*50 mm;
• insulation: 200 mm;
• ventilation: 50 mm;

In the diagram, waterproofing is called windproofing. As you can see, there is a fourth layer of insulation here, which does not allow cold bridges to form. The recommended insulation material is basalt.

This version of the cake can also be used for metal tiles, while plywood should be replaced with a crate made of timber.

Roofing cake for the attic

All the options considered earlier were suitable for living quarters, that is, a warm attic. But if the space under the roof is planned to be used not as rooms, but as an attic, then the “composition” of the roofing pie will be simplified:

• rafters;
• waterproofing;
• counterlattice;
• crate;
• roof.

Waterproofing is fastened with an overlap parallel to the eaves (if the roof angle is more than 20 degrees).

Remember: never save on roofing pie materials, because even the life of the house depends on it. The better the material and the better the work, the less likely it is that the roof will start to leak, let heat through, ice will form, or collapse will occur.

How to make a roofing cake correctly

High-quality materials and skilled workers will cost a pretty penny. But experience shows that frequent repairs or even replacement of the roof (before the end of its expected life) will cost even more.

In principle, you can save on the second point, but only if you are confident in your abilities (for example, you have already done this type of work). Here is one of the tutorial videos:

If you are unsure, then it is better to entrust such responsible work to professionals.

Generalization

A roofing pie in the understanding of an ordinary person can be called a complex of “layers” that are included in the concept of a “roof” of a house. Materials that provide comfortable living in attic rooms or a “leak-free” attic are stacked in layers, so they have been compared to a layer cake.

Even the service life of the house depends on the correct execution of the roofing cake, so saving on materials or work is far from the best. best idea. The roof protects the entire house from exposure environment Therefore, this system must be given special attention.

Without all the necessary elements, any system will not work correctly, so every layer of the pie is very important. One of the rules for working with insulation is to keep it dry. This will help waterproofing and vapor barrier. For moisture wicking and compliance temperature regime ventilation gaps are made. In the fight against icing, you can even buy special thermal equipment. Do not forget about gutters and snow retainers.

The roofing cake will not only provide an attic room warm in winter and cool in summer, but will also protect against unpleasant sounds due to impacts on the roofing material. This is the second most important stage of building a house, so it needs to be given the appropriate amount of money and amount of time.

• A lot has been said about the importance of such a structural element of a building as a roof. Here are the features of the architectural appearance, and protection from atmospheric influences, and the durability of the house. Modern approaches to the device of the attic space allow you to make the most of its volume. This makes it possible to save money, but it requires, one might say, a scrupulous approach, since the design of a residential attic involves the inclusion of thermal insulation, protective films, etc.

  The roof section has a layered structure. This is the so-called roofing cake, each layer in which performs a specific function, but it is very important that they are placed in the correct order. Any mistake made during their installation can adversely affect the performance of the roof and its durability.

  The correct scheme of the roofing pie

  The roof pie is a multi-layer structure, which includes such components as:

  • interior decoration of the under-roof space;
  • air ventilation gap;
  • vapor barrier film;
  • insulation;
  • waterproofing;
  • crate;
  • roofing material.

  It also includes gutters, an anti-icing system, fences, snow retainers and decorative roof elements. That is, we can say that the roofing pie is nothing more than the entire roof structure, with the exception of the truss system.

  The presence of all these components is optional, the structure of the pie may vary depending on the type of roof, on the roofing used.

  

  For example, in a pie flat roof snow retainers and decorative elements are not included; for attic rooms for technical purposes there is no need for vapor and thermal insulation of the roof.

  The device of a roofing pie for metal tiles, corrugated board, for soft roofs or other materials also has some differences.

  • roofing cake underneath soft roof from bituminous tiles may not have a waterproofing layer, since the bitumen itself ensures the waterproofing of the coating. Only joints, corners and cornices need waterproofing. In this case, the film must pass directly under the roofing material.

  

  • For soft rolls - a special waterproofing lining made of polypropylene is required.
  • For roofs made of metal tiles or profiled sheets, sound insulation is additionally required, otherwise the noise from the rain will create discomfort in the room.

  On a note

  As you can see, some layers in the roofing cake may be absent, and some, on the contrary, are “dictated” by the features of a particular structure.

  Basic layers
  

  Vapor barrier layer

  This layer protects the thermal insulation from the penetration of water vapor, condensing into the under-roof space from the living quarters. It is with him that the arrangement of the pie begins.

  The vapor barrier film is laid along the rafter legs with inside rooms with an overlap of at least 10 cm. It is attached to the supporting elements using stapler staples or galvanized nails with a flat head. To ensure the tightness of the vapor barrier, the joints are connected with a connecting tape or carefully glued with adhesive tape.

  roofing pie under a metal tile with an insulated roof and not insulated

  thermal insulation

  If planned for residential premises, then they should be as warm and comfortable as in the rooms of the main floor. But let's not forget that the ceiling here is the same roof through which heat escapes to the street. Hence the task of especially high-quality insulation of the under-roof space arises. Its effective solution is right choice material for thermal insulation and technology of work.

  

  To begin with, let's decide what are the criteria that the roofing pie insulation must meet. The requirements for thermal insulation are as follows:

  • low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
  • environmental Safety;
  • combustibility;
  • volume weight;
  • soundproof properties;
  • vapor permeability;
  • shape stability.

  The insulation has no heating properties at all, it simply traps air in the fibers and thus retains heat.

  Attention

  Moisture is the first enemy of the thermal insulation layer. Water, once in the insulation, lingers there, and the material loses its effectiveness. This is due to the large difference in the ability to conduct heat of water and air: for water it is two dozen times higher than for air.

  The thickness of the heat-insulating layer depends on the climatic conditions of the area: for areas with mild winters, a layer of 15 cm is laid, for frosty - from 20 cm.

  The range of thermal insulation materials is quite large. We note the most common:

  

  • often used mineral wool boards. has low thermal conductivity, it does not burn, has a dense structure. However, it is not recommended to use them in a metal roofing pie: copper, metal or others, since the condensate that appears on the back of the roof can penetrate the insulation, and it will lose its qualities.
  • Fiberglass- an environmentally friendly material that is larger than a flat roof. The reason is in its unstable mechanical structure, which does not allow it to stay on pitched roof- sooner or later he will slide down.

  Mineral wool, like fiberglass, can be used on roof sections of complex construction. Plates can be easily placed in any space, completely filling the niche between the rafters, thus preventing the occurrence of cold bridges.

  • primarily due to its budgetary cost. Plus, it's moisture resistant. However, one cannot ignore such facts as its flammability and the presence of toxic emissions during the combustion process.
  • Styrofoam is different small weight. It retains heat well, is moisture resistant, like polystyrene, but unlike it, it is non-toxic. The material is vapor-tight, so in summer there is an increase in the level of humidity in the room. The rigid structure of the plates creates certain difficulties in the process of thermal insulation of complex areas.

  When installing roofs with slopes, heat-insulating materials that have a loose structure are more suitable, while hard materials are needed in the insulation layer of a roofing pie for a soft roof.

  Roofing insulation is laid by reducing the moisture content of the wood of the elements of the supporting structure to at least 18%. Otherwise, moisture from it will penetrate into the thermal insulation.

  

  Ventilation

  The natural roofing cake is provided by a special gap formed by the counter-lattice and the crate. In fact, this is an air gasket passing between the insulation layer and the waterproofing. Excess moisture accumulated in the insulation is vented through it. They can form when the humidity rises outside, for example, in the off-season, or get there through possible cracks in the coating, etc. In the absence of such a gap, the moisture accumulated during the season will spoil part of the insulation.

  The circulation of the air flow from the cornice to the top point of the roof, the ridge, is provided by special holes on the cornice overhang and. It is especially convenient to arrange ventilation under corrugated sheets.

  Forced ventilation is organized by installing or ventilated skates. They can be powered by electricity or wind.

  

  waterproofing layer

  Waterproofing performs two functions at the same time:

  • protects the thermal insulation from moisture from the roof covering;
  • through it, excess moisture is removed from the thermal insulation.

  That is why, when installing waterproofing, it is correct to choose the direction of the sides of the film. Otherwise, the layered construction of the cake will not be able to function correctly.

  A vapor barrier film is not suitable for these purposes, since moisture does not pass through it.

  

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A modern roofing cake must retain heat in winter period, and also contribute to its intake in the summer. Water vapor from the room must not penetrate inside the roof structure. An important function of the pie is the removal of water vapor from the room, which sometimes seep into.

The composition of the roofing cake should include several layers. In this case, the sequence of elements is as follows:

• interior decoration;
• vapor barrier layer;
• thermal insulation material;
• moisture insulation;
• gaps for ventilation;
• surface anti-icing system;
• roofing material.

Roofing pie device: vapor barrier insulation

The vapor barrier layer prevents water vapor from entering the thermal insulation layers from the room. When constructing a roofing pie, this layer is first of all arranged. Usually the layers are counted from inside the room. The vapor barrier film is laid by overlapping. Then, it is fastened with a special connecting tape. This tape ensures the tightness of the vapor barrier layer.

Modified materials will include a layer of aluminum foil. With its help, the fire resistance and thermal insulation characteristics of the roofing cake are increased. But do not forget that there must be an air gap between the film and the insulation layer. Note that due to its thickness of 2 cm, installation work will become more complicated, and the design will require significant financial costs.

Roofing pie device: thermal insulation layer

An important quality of roof insulation is vapor permeability. In other words, the material must freely pass water vapor. Those, in turn, penetrate the vapor barrier. As a rule, such characteristics are inherent in mineral wool materials. It is very important that mineral wool boards do not deform over time. The type of construction affects the insulation. So, it is possible to insulate the ceiling of the upper floor or the fence of the structure (roof).

Note that the insulation does not have heating properties. It simply contributes to the retention of air in its fibers. This layer acts as thermal insulation.

When moisture gets on the thermal insulation layer, the material immediately loses its properties. This is due to the fact that he is forced to retain water in himself. And if we take into account that the coefficient of thermal conductivity of water is 20 times higher than the thermal conductivity of air, then thermal insulation becomes unusable.

Tip: A roof pie should always have dry insulation.

Thanks to moisture impregnations for mineral and fiberglass boards, water and vapor barriers are protected. But do not forget that any thermal insulation is capable, one way or another, to absorb water. Extruded polystyrene foam - resists diffusion and capillary water absorption. However, its cost can scare away thrifty buyers. The material is more expensive than mineral wool and fiberglass.

The technology of laying roofing insulation involves carrying out installation work. Moreover, they should be carried out after reducing the moisture content of the wood to at least 18%. If this is not taken into account, then moisture from the tree will penetrate into the insulation. This is fraught with big troubles, because the waterproofing layer does not allow moisture to leave the roofing pie.

Ventilation and anti-icing device

The advantage of a ventilated roof is the separation of insulation and roofing material.

In the roofing pie ventilation device, certain steps must be followed:

1. When using a corrugated sheet, it is very convenient to equip the ventilation holes and the ridge fan. You can even cover a wavy sheet with a flat ridge.
2. Passive ventilation is not the last element. Today you can find equipment that provides forced circulation of air flows in the under-roof space.
3. Cornice boxes and ventilation outlets are arranged next to the ridge. Note that any set of materials for a soft roof has a ventilated ridge.
4. The lower eaves must have special holes. These roof elements are protected from the penetration of small birds or insects. Next, the installation of ventilated skates.
5. In the absence of the aforementioned possibility, ventilated gaps above and below are associated with the atmosphere. For this, special roof fans are used.

Roof icing is a serious problem for any owner country house. Therefore, very often the installation of a roofing cake includes anti-icing systems. It's kind of heating cables, temperature sensors and other equipment.

Stages of installation work of the system:

Roofing pie waterproofing device

waterproofing material completely depends on the type of roofing material of a country house. During precipitation, moisture often penetrates into the attic. When using the attic as non-residential premises with ventilation of the space under the roof - moisture will evaporate very quickly.

But there is always a risk of damage to the wooden elements of the roof structure. It is worth noting that even if you carefully arrange the vapor barrier, elements of water vapor will still penetrate the insulation. Under these conditions, it is advisable to use a waterproofing layer that absorbs or transmits water vapor. When installing a waterproofing film, you need to know exactly the sides of the material. One of its sides should be directed to the insulation, the other - to the roofing material. Otherwise, the roofing cake will be executed with errors.

Roofing pie of a flexible tile.

roofing cake- so often called all the constituent materials and components included in the roof structure.

On this page we will talk about the design, types and arrangement of a roofing pie for roofs with flexible tiles.

What is a roofing cake for a soft roof.

Roofing cake for a soft roof roof is of two types:

1. For insulated (warm) roofs.
2. Roofing cake for a cold roof.

Into the pie warm roof for bitumen, a heater and the accompanying materials necessary for it are included. Also, depending on the installation of insulation, certain components can be added. A mandatory attribute of an insulated roof is a ventilation channel that provides ventilation of the under-roof space.

A standard warm roof pie with a soft roof looks like this:

Compound cakes in the sequence of installation work:

1. Rafter legs (rafter system)
2. Vapor barrier
3. Rough crate
4. insulation
5. Hydrobarrier or SDM membrane
6. Counter beam (counter rail) to provide a ventilation gap on the roof
7. crate
8. Lining carpet
9. bituminous tiles
10. Interior decoration (shown in the picture, but is not a roofing cake, as it refers to finishing work, not roofing).

It should be noted that this cake and the sequence of work is indicated for performing insulation work " above". That is, after installing the rafters, a vapor barrier and a rough crate are mounted, which will hold the insulation and prevent it from "waking up" forming cracks.

When insulating the roof from below"the sequence of work on the device of the cake is modified and such material as polypropylene twine is added, designed to hold the insulation before the installation of the vapor barrier and the rough crate.

The sequence of work on the construction of a pie with insulation from below is carried out in the following order:

1. rafters
2. Hydro barrier or SDM membrane
3. counter beam
4. crate
5. Lining carpet
6. bituminous tiles
7. Insulation + polypropylene twine
8. Vapor barrier
9. Rough crate

Cold bridge scheme:

Also, in some cases, when the roof is insulated from below, a beam is added across the rafters (cold bridge). This is done for various reasons. Most often, these are cases when it is necessary to grow the thickness under the insulation to the required parameters. So, for example, when the rafter legs have a height of 150 mm, and the insulation needs to be done with a layer of 200 mm, a timber of 50 × 50 mm in size is grown from below. They perform the growing timber itself across rafter legs with a step corresponding to the width of the insulation (usually 60 cm). This arrangement of the beam across allows you to increase the efficiency and reliability of roof insulation. It turns out that this roof pie differs from the previous one by the presence of this beam.

A good roof, in order to effectively protect the attic space from cold and moisture, should consist of several layers. different material. The multilayer structure is called the "roofing pie", where each of the elements present performs its function of protecting against environmental influences. If one of the layers is excluded, the result can be disastrous for the roof as a whole. What should be the correct arrangement of a roofing cake that protects against cold weather in winter time and heat in the summer?

Roof elements

High-quality multi-layer roofing includes:

• directly roofing material;
• space for ventilation;
• waterproofing layer;
• insulation material;
• counter-lattice;
• vapor barrier layer;
• rafter part.

Each of the listed elements must be correctly installed, as improper installation will not be able to ensure the effective functioning of the roofing system. When choosing materials, it is important to take into account the climatic features of the region.

Note! It is customary to mount the rafter system from coniferous wood with a moisture content of about 20%.

Vapor barrier device

The vapor barrier layer serves to protect the insulation from warm air from the room, which can form moisture condensate. Vapor barrier material is usually available in the form of rolls. It is spread out with an overlap of 10–15 cm and the junctions with the walls and overlaps are sealed with a connecting tape. From inexpensive materials, glassine is used, which, unfortunately, loses its properties over time. More modern products include films with a foil side.

A counter-lattice is installed on the vapor barrier layer, on which the main crate must then be laid. She may have different kind and step - it depends on the material of the roof. For a metal profile or slate, the crate is performed with gaps. If tiles and ondulin are used, the crate should be solid boards or OSB. The gap between the main and counter-lattice serves as ventilation, eliminating the possibility of rotting of the rafters due to the formation of condensate.

insulation layer

Insulation is placed between the rafters. In addition to protecting against environmental influences, it also performs a soundproofing function. Insulation must comply with the standards fire safety and have good vapor permeability. Both summer and winter it must remain dry.

The material used is fiberglass, as well as basalt slabs. Their thickness depends on the region and should be from 150 to 200 mm. With a soft type of roof, mineral wool material of increased rigidity or expanded polystyrene slabs are used, and for pitched roofs, soft mineral slabs are used. It is highly undesirable to use fibrous soft roll materials, which eventually cake and roll down the slope of the roof.

Note! Insulation should be laid in wooden structural elements when the moisture content of the wood drops to 18%, otherwise moisture will penetrate into the insulation and will not be able to leave it due to the top layer of waterproofing.

Execution of waterproofing

A waterproofing layer is placed on top of the insulation to protect against condensation and moisture. As a material, ordinary roofing material or diffusion membranes, condensate films can be used - each type of roof has its own material. For example, for euroslate and metal tiles it is better to use a condensate film, and for a soft roof and clay tiles - diffusion membranes.

There are also superdiffusion membranes with a breathable effect. They allow vapors to penetrate from inside the room, but do not allow moisture to seep from the outside.

Ventilation gaps

In order for the accumulated condensate to leave the under-roof space, ventilation must be provided. It can be made active - using electrical ventilation systems, as well as passive with gaps between the layers. Device forced ventilation It will cost more, but it is simply necessary for long-term operation. roofing. The simplest solution for active ventilation is a roof aerator.

Note! Unlike flat roof types, material with waves or a trapezoid usually does not need the use of additional ventilation devices.

Saving on materials for a roofing pie is very unreasonable. Only choosing quality materials, you can avoid additional costs in the future associated with the cost of repair and maintenance of the roof.

Video

This video tells more about the installation of a roofing pie: