The device of a roofing pie under a metal tile and what threatens the violation of laying technology? The need to insulate the pie of the attic room

It's not a very common design.

Such a structure should not only complete the integral structure of the building and perform the functions of protection.

But also to have a comfortable life in the room located under it.

In order for the living area to be suitable for use, it is necessary to understand the essence of the design of such a structure and the nuances of its installation processes.

A similar design has a number of elements, which constitutes an integral roof system.

The device of the attic roof looks like this:

Roof. Roof covering is necessary for providing reliable protection against the influence of atmospheric conditions both the entire house and the entire roof system.
. The supporting part of the attachment system, most often constructed from wooden boards.
Skate run. The very top of the whole system.
rafters. Supporting ribs that provide rigidity to the structure. They have two varieties - hanging and layered.
Mauerlat. The element is represented by beams, which serve to fasten truss system . It repeats the element in the location of the perimeter of the house and is fastened to each wall with fasteners.
Diagonal piles. For that, so that the roof structure system has high level reliability, the rafters are interconnected by beams arranged longitudinally and vertically, which are connected together by diagonal ties or bevels.
Internal supports. An element that is located under each rafter leg and gives it stability.
insulating layer. Such a layer unites the entire roof system into a single whole, while creating reliable sealing, vapor and sound insulation. This layer has its own structure and is multi-layered. All materials that are used to equip this layer are necessary to provide all kinds of properties that ensure comfortable life in the attic.

What components and parts does it consist of mansard roof you will see in this drawing:

Mansard roof device drawing

roofing cake

Each type of roof has its own individual structure.

It is represented by several layers of different materials, which necessary to protect the attic from cold air masses And advanced level humidity.

roofing cake mansard roof includes:

crate;
vapor barrier layer;
Control grating;
thermal insulation layer;
Waterproofing;
Ventilation systems;
Roofing material.

Each layer is designed to perform certain functions that are necessary for the normal operation of the entire roof system.

If you make mistakes during installation or neglect any of the layers, then this may lead to the need to redo the entire structure.

. The simplest type of roof over the attic, but not too popular. Represents one inclined plane, which is supported on load-bearing walls of various heights.
. Such a variety represented by two slopes, which are opposite to each other.
broken line. This type of roof has other names - and half-hip. This kind of design allows you to make the attic space optimal. There are four slopes in this design. It is quite convenient to live in the attic, having this kind of roof.
conical. The most complex type of construction, represented by a cone. Suitable for structures which have round or polygonal outlines.

Roof types

If we talk about the varieties of truss systems, then they are of 3 types:

Hanging type of rafters provide load transfer in a horizontal position to load-bearing walls. Such rafters are the basis of the entire system. There is no need for intermediate supports; wooden or metal puffs are used to connect the beams.
A layered variety of rafters is used in case of location bearing wall in the center of the building or the presence of intermediate supports. This kind of rafters is installed on the outer walls, while their middle part is supported by internal walls. Such a structure can only be built if the distance from the load-bearing wall to another is up to 6.5 m.
The hanging and layered variety of the truss system is represented by triangles having a right angle. Additionally, such a design is equipped with contractions from the bottom and top of the system. Hanging rafters are used to hang the ceiling.

Mansard roof: gable construction of a wooden house

Tilt angle

A very important parameter in the construction of the roof is to determine the angle of the roof. This value is determined not only by the design of the building, the features of the facade, but also by the chosen roofing material and local climatic conditions.

If the precipitation that falls on the area where the house is located is of great importance, then roof pitch ranges from 45 to 60 degrees.

This value of the slope will provide better snow removal from the surface., and, accordingly, a decrease in the load level. In addition to precipitation, this angle parameter protects the roof from glaciation.

If the house is located in an area in which a frequent occurrence is strong winds, That slope angle value should be minimum. Otherwise, the structure may be destroyed due to weather conditions. Under such conditions, variations of this parameter from 9 to 20 degrees.

However, the most common and optimal angle roof slope is 20-35 degrees. This value is suitable for arranging a roof with almost any kind of material.

CAREFULLY!

The angle of inclination largely determines the durability and reliability of the structure.

Tilt angle

Mounting process

In order for the mansard roof, you must adhere to a certain sequence of actions:

Initially, the upper beam is fixed, which has section parameters of 10x10 or 15x15 cm. Fastening is carried out using nails, metal staples or self-tapping screws. At the same time, the first beam provides the function of the rafter frame.
The next one is installation of the Mauerlat, which is necessary to take most of the load. To install it, you will need a board with a thickness of at least 5 cm and a bar with section parameters of 5x10 cm. Before laying the board, cover a layer that is necessary to retain moisture and not destroy structural elements. Attach the Mauerlat with nails or staples and additionally tie it to the wall with a metal wire. The wire is mounted at the stage of wall construction.
Next install the rafters, choosing for this step from 0.6 to 2 m.
Gable rafters are installed first, after which they pull the level and begin to mount the remaining elements.
After the rafter legs are all installed, provide additional structural reinforcement, connecting the rafters to each other in their upper part.
If the value of the roof length exceeds 7 m, then carry out the installation of the ridge beam. Otherwise, equipping a rafter system with a similar element is not necessary.
After installed go to the equipment of the layers of the roofing cake, having previously installed the crate.
The last stage in the construction of the roof is roofing installation.

Lathing installation

Rafter installation

Recently, attic floors have been very common in private construction. And this can be simply explained, the presence of an attic floor is, first of all, a rather large cost savings at the construction stage, and secondly, such a solution gives the owner of the house, albeit an inferior usable area, but quite suitable, for example, for a bedroom.

At the same time, the installation of a mansard roof is a bit more complex and requires additional attention. The mansard roof must be made in full accordance with the technology. Particular attention must be paid to the construction of the roofing pie, and in particular to the vapor barrier membrane, it is she who will make the mansard roof dry.

Mansard roofs can have different kind. In private construction, several types of roofs can be used. attic type. The main options are the options gable roofs, but there are other constructive solutions.

We must not forget that warm mansard roof enough on its own expensive pleasure, but the arrangement of the attic floor is an order of magnitude cheaper than the arrangement of a full-fledged floor with a gable roof.

Features of the mansard roof.

Any mansard roof has a number distinctive features. Below we will try to present a few key points that distinguish the attic roof from other types.

The main feature of a mansard roof is its functionality. We must not forget that the mansard roof is both the roof and the wall of the attic or attic floor.
The height of a mansard roof is usually over 2.5 meters at its highest point.
The surface area of a mansard roof is always larger than that of a conventional gable roof.
The truss system of the mansard roof must be designed in such a way that the structural solutions of the spacers and rafter legs take up minimal space.

Video about the construction of the attic roof

Coating material selection

The selection of the finishing coating of the roof in cases with a mansard design has a number of subtleties and nuances. The main selection factor is the lightness of the material. Perfect for attic roof light metal tile, piece glued tile, such light coatings as ondulin or profiled metal sheet. Heavy materials such as slate and clay tiles are rarely used in the construction of a mansard roof.

Features of the calculation of the attic roof.

When calculating this type of roof, special attention is paid to several elements of the roof.

First of all, the calculation of the structural part of the roof. The design includes the calculation of the angle of inclination, the pitch of the truss system, the thickness of the lumber, its length and the total amount.
Second part constructive solution roofing - this is the calculation of the final coating and lathing
All of the above decisions are based on the determination of the usable space of the attic room. The attic room must be more than 1.5 meters high at the highest point. The design of the truss system and the roof as a whole depends on the height of the attic floor.
The useful space of the roof is the entire area where the height from floor to ceiling exceeds 90 centimeters. Those places in the room where this condition is not met are called the dead zone. From the area of the blind zone and from its appearance depends on the structure of the stiffeners and additional ligaments of the roof rafters.
Calculating the area of the finish coat only at first glance looks quite complicated, in fact, the calculation of the final finish is the most simple part Total preparatory phase. To calculate the finish coating from the entire roof, several simple geometric shapes are distinguished. This applies to roofing. complex type with several slopes at different angles. By calculating the area of each figure, taking into account all the technological overlaps, you can easily get the sum of all areas - this will be the amount of the finish coating.

The device of the roofing pie in the attic roof

The roofing pie and its correct arrangement is the main problem in the installation of the entire mansard roof.

The first signs of an improper roofing cake are the formation of condensate and the formation of icicles on the roof slopes. As soon as the first icicles appear on the roof, this is a sure sign that warm air has come out. It is not at all necessary that it will immediately begin to drip from the ceiling, but everything is worried, but it should be.

Proper roofing cake

Each layer of the roofing pie is responsible for its own functionality. And each layer must be properly executed, in accordance with all norms and building codes.

It is conditionally possible to divide the roofing pie into two types. Roofing pie without insulation. This design can only be applied in the summer attic floor. And a large roofing pie with a thermal circuit - this option is great for building a full-fledged warm floor.

Pie without insulation. The main task of such a pie is to protect the attic from moisture and condensation. The device of such a pie looks quite simple. The first layer is the laying of a vapor barrier membrane on the truss system, a counter-lattice is mounted on top of the membrane, then a crate and a finish coating.

The main problems in the device of the pie without insulation.

The first thing to do is to properly mount the vapor barrier, the second is the obligatory air gap between the crate and the membrane (this is what the counter-lattice is for).

Warm roofing cake. More often than not, the attic space is residential, so it is very important to mount the right warm roofing pie. It must be understood that the roof is exposed not only to cold, but also to heat. Sun rays can heat the roof up to 70 degrees, from such a temperature it is impossible to stay in the room. Therefore, the mansard roof must not only keep heat inside the building, it must not let hot air inside.

In the rafter system of the roofing cake, the thickness of the insulation must be taken into account, this is very important for ease of installation and the further proper functioning of the roofing cake.

Roofing cake layers:

The first layer is a vapor barrier, it is from it that the installation of the cake should begin. The vapor barrier is rolled onto the rafters and attached to them. A clear fixation of the vapor barrier is necessary, often it is done using a construction stapler. The vapor barrier is rolled out overlapping each other from 10 to 15 centimeters. The overlaps are sealed with a special sealed tape.

The second layer is insulation. Insulation must be selected based on climatic conditions, environmental friendliness and soundproofing qualities. We must not forget that the roof of the house is essentially the ceiling of your room, and the sound of rain will be heard more than ever in the attic room. Now in the market of heaters there is a very large choice. Materials based on various wool are in great demand, these are glass wool, stone wool, and other materials. A fairly budget option is polystyrene foam insulation, but its sound-absorbing properties leave much to be desired.

The third layer is a moisture-proof membrane, it is also rolled out on the truss system, but already from the side of the street. It is the membrane that will prevent the penetration of external precipitation into the roofing pie. Some membranes can be used both indoors and outdoors. The installation of such a film takes place in the same way as a vapor barrier, the joints are sealed, and the film is rolled out with an overlap of 10-15 centimeters.

The next stage is the installation of a counter-lattice, although manufacturers of materials with a wavy pattern (ondulin, slate, metal tiles) claim that passive ventilation of the roof is sufficient - this is not always the case. The counter grating, even minimal, creates a good ventilation gap, which helps to quickly remove moisture from the inner surface of the finished roofing.

Crate. The crate itself in the mansard roof can be either solid or thinned. It all depends on the material that is used as the finish coat. For piece tiles, a solid plank crate is used, or sheet material instead of a crate. For sheet material use thinned crate.

The main problem of the attic roof is its insulation and protection from moisture. Otherwise, the construction steps are the same as in a conventional gable roof.

The first step is the miscalculation of materials, the calculation of the load

The second fastening of the bearing bars

Assembling the rafter system template

Assembly of roof trusses according to the template, in accordance with the quantity of the project

Installation of rafters

Roofing pie device

Finishing device

Roof interior trim

Interior decoration of mansard roof

The mansard roof inside can be decorated with almost any material. This lining, and drywall, and plastic decorative panels. But ideal for a mansard roof from the point of view of practicality, removable material, such as lining, in cases of improper roofing, such material will make it possible to carry out repair work roofing cake.

Roofing pie is a system of layers of various materials, which provide ventilation and vapor barrier, waterproofing and insulation.

Arrangement of a residential attic space

When building a private house, some owners even try to use the attic area for living quarters.

On attic floors in some cases, “summer”, that is, unheated, premises are planned. But it is still preferable to have rooms in which full insulation is made and you can live comfortably not only in the warm, but also in the cold season.

Insulating material in attic spaces is usually installed on the floor: this helps to keep the heat that comes out from the floor below it. At the same time, an empty attic serves as a layer that does not allow cold to pass into the room from the roof.

When insulating an attic room, everything happens a little differently. Whole thermal insulation material from the floor, as it were, transferred to the roof structure. Therefore, the roofing cake in buildings with attics will obligatory element designs.

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Roof insulation system

In the roofing insulation system, each of the layers is designed to perform a specific task. The working properties of the roofing cake will only be at their best if the order in which the materials are placed is observed. It is better to entrust its creation to specialists, but this does not mean that the owner should not figure it out on his own. In this case, he will be able to control how the work is being carried out and determine which materials it will be more profitable to purchase.

If the device of the roofing cake is not made according to the norm, there will always be large heat losses during operation.

In these cases, a large amount of condensate forms, in winter this leads to the constant formation of icicles and ice. In order for the insulation not to be done in vain, it is necessary to familiarize yourself not only with the sequence in which the layers of material are laid, but also with the characteristics of the materials before performing the calculations. This will allow you to calculate which of them should be selected for the layer.

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Roofing cake not insulated

This type of roofing cake design is created if the building has an insulated ceiling under the attic, and it is planned to be in the attic room only in summer. Here, the main task of the insulating structure will be to insulate the attic from condensate entering from the outside, so that the moisture can go outside. So that the microcirculation of air is not disturbed, a gasket should be made of a waterproofing perforated film.

When arranging an uninsulated roofing pie, the sequence will be as follows:

truss system device;
laying a waterproofing layer;
fixing the counter-lattice;
fastening the crate;
laying roofing material.

The insulated design includes large quantity layers. It is used for arranging residential attics and the task is not only waterproofing, but also ensuring the safety of heat. Under the roof, the thermal regime is much different from that on the ground floor of the building.

The roof itself summer time can warm up enough high temperatures, and in winter period often such a phenomenon as the freezing of the roof. In such housing, a comfortable atmosphere cannot be achieved. Roofing cake is arranged to perform the following tasks: keeping heat inside in winter, providing insulation for air that may come into contact with a frozen roof, and in hot weather, the cake does not let hot air inside.

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The structure of the insulated roofing pie

Rafter. All layers of the cake should be together about 35 cm. This must be taken into account when performing the rafter system. Decide on the material that you will lay as a heat insulator - this will help you find out if the height of the rafters will be sufficient.

It is the rafters that bear the main load of the gravity of the roof. Therefore, it is better to create them from coniferous trees, choosing such elements in which there are no flaws. The moisture content of wood should not exceed 22%. All wooden elements must be impregnated with an antiseptic. The pitch of the rafters and their thickness are chosen depending on what material is selected to cover the roof.

Vapor barrier. The actual installation of the roofing pie begins just from this layer. The last of the inner layers will be the finish.

Moisture must be present inside the housing. Most of all it is contained in the warm air, which, obeying the laws of physics, rushes up - into the attic. Ventilation is not able to ventilate to such an extent that all excess moisture is eliminated, they fall on the roof structure and settle in the form of condensate. The vapor barrier layer protects the insulation, arranged next, from moisture penetration. When saturated with moisture, thermal insulation loses its performance.

Among the materials used to create a vapor barrier layer, the following are most often used:

vapor barrier film. It is made multilayer, with the addition of a polymer reinforcing frame, which does not allow it to sag;
glassine is a vapor barrier with a democratic price, which has a significant disadvantage: over time, its ability to retain moisture disappears;
foil materials.

The latter are a film, one of the sides of which is pasted over with foil. There is also a material similar to chocolate wrappers, one side of which is foil, the other is paper. Both options perform not only a waterproofing function, but are also a good barrier to infrared radiation. It causes heat leakage from the room, and the foil layer helps to significantly reduce heat loss even without insulating materials.

Fastening the vapor barrier to the rafters is carried out as follows:

They roll along the rafter legs roll material in the direction along the ridge. Laying should be carried out from below, with an overlap of 15 cm on the previous layer.
The film is attached to the surface with a construction stapler.
The joints of the material and the edge adjacent to the wall are sealed using a connecting tape or adhesive tape.

When laying the film, do not stretch it, it should sag slightly between the rafters.

In this design, thermal insulation ensures minimal heat loss from residential premises, and also improves the acoustic characteristics of the attic. Waterproofing protects the insulation from street moisture, and also contributes to the free exit of vapors from the building. Vapor barrier acts as an internal protection of the insulation from moisture penetrating from the room.

The laying of the roofing "pie" begins after the installation of the truss system. First, a waterproofing layer is laid, on top of which a crate is installed. Here it is immediately worth mentioning that all wooden elements must be treated (impregnated) with special bioprotective compounds, and only then nailed to the rafters.

The sheathing nailed to the rafters acts as a ventilation between the waterproofing and the roofing, ensuring proper air circulation in the space under the roof. This will prevent the insulation from oversaturation with moisture, and, accordingly, related problems. Roofing material is laid on top of the crate. Then, from the inside, a heater is mounted between the rafters, which is protected from the side of the attic room with a vapor barrier material, after which finishing work is carried out.

Roof insulation

One of the main components of the roofing "pie" is thermal insulation, which is usually used as mineral wool. Mats in the form of plates, made of fiberglass or balsam, are laid in the space between the rafters. Due to its fibrous structure, mineral wool retains air inside, which stores heat well. This is the basic principle of mineral wool insulation, which explains their high thermal insulation qualities.

Elasticity is next important point thermal insulation material. And this is no accident. Indeed, with insufficient density and rigidity of the insulation, it will undergo subsidence in an inclined plane. In addition, in the space between the rafters, thermal insulation is laid by surprise, and it is precisely such parameters as elasticity and elasticity. Elasticity allows mineral wool to maintain dimensional stability and resistance to junction with rafters, and elasticity allows the material to fit snugly against the roof structure, filling all the irregularities.

It is worth knowing that when laying mineral wool, gaps and cracks between it and the rafters should not remain. They can lead to the appearance of cold bridges, due to which the attic room will freeze through, and the roof may become covered with ice.

Returning to the insulation material. Here, balsam wool has the greatest elasticity, in which the structure of the fibers is more chaotic. And high elasticity is greater for fiberglass insulation. Both materials are non-combustible and vapor-permeable, which is very good. For example, a vapor barrier layer will retain most of the water vapor contained in the air of a residential building, which rises according to the laws of physics. However, some of these vapors still enter the insulation. And here the most important thing is that this moisture does not accumulate in heaters, but can go outside from the roofing "pie". For these purposes, the insulation is endowed with such a property as vapor permeability.

Of course, materials have already appeared that perform the functions of insulation and vapor barrier at the same time, for example, mineral wool equipped on one side with aluminum foil. After laying such materials, it remains only to glue all the joints with sealing tape, and this insulation will also perform the function of vapor barrier. Therefore, there will no longer be a need to use a vapor barrier film.

Recently, a material such as penoizol has become widespread, which can be used both for roof insulation and for insulation of walls, floors, ceilings and other structural elements.

Further. To select the geometric parameters of thermal insulation, it is necessary to carry out a thermal calculation of the entire roof structure. It is carried out in accordance with the established requirements set forth in DBN V.2.6-31-2006 "Structures of buildings and structures. Thermal insulation of buildings". At the same time, it is worth remembering about the changes from 07/01/2013. It is also recommended to lay the insulation in two layers and apart, so that the joints of the lower plates overlap with the upper plates. Such laying will eliminate the appearance of cold bridges at the joints of the plates.

And most importantly, any insulation will fulfill its functional purpose in full only if it is dry throughout its entire service life. That is, moisture must not be allowed to accumulate in it, under any circumstances. Even the slightest increase in the moisture content of the material will reduce its thermal insulation functions, and over time, the wet material will completely become damp and fail.

Insulation mount

The most common way of laying and fixing insulation is to place heat-insulating material between the rafters. This approach provides rational and effective use spaces between the rafters, preserving the usable space inside the room. However, with this type of insulation at the junction with the rafters, cold bridges may appear, and the thickness of the heat-insulating layer does not exceed the width of the rafter legs. That is why it is recommended to use glass staple fiber products (preferably plates) as a heater, with its such arrangement, which have high elasticity, compressibility and 100% recoverability. On top of the laid insulation, from the side of the room, it is imperative to lay a vapor barrier film.

When using heaters with high elasticity between the rafters, they can be additionally not fixed. One has only to cut off the insulation a couple of centimeters more than the width between the rafter legs.

Of course, if heat-insulating materials with low elasticity are used, then additional fixation of this layer will be necessary. Most often, for these purposes, special staples are most often used (at worst, nails), which are stuffed every 500-600 mm along the rafters. Then, from the bottom up, a heat-insulating material is laid in the inter-rafter space, after which a thread is pulled between the brackets in a checkerboard pattern. Thanks to this fastening of the material, it retains the necessary position until the installation of the cladding guides, which will play the main role in fixing the insulation.

Steam and waterproofing

To protect the insulation, and the entire building structure as a whole, from the penetration and accumulation of moisture (precipitation, water vapor, condensate, etc.), the roofing "pie" must contain layers of vapor and waterproofing.

A waterproofing layer is necessary to protect the insulation from:

possible penetration of water into the roofing "pie" through the fasteners and joints in the roof, together with air through the ventilation gap;
atmospheric humidification;
condensation and related negative consequences.

Vapor barrier is designed to protect the insulation from water vapor. As already mentioned above, the vapor barrier layer retains most of the water vapor contained in the air of a residential building, which rises up according to the laws of physics and rush through the roof to the street. Of course, not all couples try to escape through the roof, some escape through ventilation ducts and opening windows. And yet, the lack of vapor barrier can lead to the accumulation of moisture in the insulation with subsequent deterioration of its thermal insulation qualities. In addition, excessive moisture leads to its decay, as well as rotting roof structure, the appearance of fungus and unpleasant odors.

So, polymer films, the so-called under-roofing, usually act as vapor and waterproofing. At the same time, films are classified depending on the material and method of their production. And already high-quality films of all types are characterized by tensile strength and incombustibility.

Polyethylene films
So, roofing films are polyethylene, which is reinforced with a special mesh that gives the material the necessary strength. All manufactured films can be divided into:

perforated - films that have an increased degree of vapor permeability due to the presence of micro-holes. Used only for waterproofing layer.
Non-perforated - polyethylene films designed for both vapor and waterproofing.

There are also special reinforced polyethylene materials with aluminum foil on inside. They are used exclusively for vapor barrier, because. have improved vapor barrier properties.

Polypropylene films
These films have found their application as a waterproofing layer. Their main advantages are:

higher strength than polyethylene;
increased resistance to UV radiation.

Thanks to these indicators, such films can replace roofing within a few months.

This waterproofing material, covered on one side with a special protective layer of viscose fiber with cellulose, in order to prevent the formation of condensate on the side facing the insulation. This protective coating absorbs and retains moisture well, and if not needed, the coating dries quickly. It is thanks to these properties that anti-condensate films are widely used when performing roof waterproofing.

(breathable films) - designed only for waterproofing. The reason for this is its structure, which allows it to act as a protection of the roofing cake from atmospheric moisture, and at the same time makes it completely vapor-permeable, i.e., endows it with the ability to let water vapor out.

Back to waterproofing. It is attached to the rafters with the help of battens, while there remains a ventilation gap between it and the roof covering, which is 3-5 cm. If diffusion membranes are used as a waterproofing material, they can be laid directly on the thermal insulation. This solution allows you not to make a ventilation gap between the heat and waterproofing, and this space can be used for laying an additional layer of insulation. All other types of waterproofing films require mandatory ventilation gaps both between waterproofing and insulation, and between waterproofing and coating.

The vapor barrier is attached to the rafters with a construction stapler every 10 cm. In this case, the film is overlapped, and its joints are glued with self-adhesive tape. The places where the films adjoin the barriers (walls, chimneys, ventilation ducts, etc.) are also carefully sealed.

And lastly. Everything, hydro, steam and thermal insulation materials should be chosen based on quality, and not on the basis of cost. And the quality of these materials, first of all, depends on their strength properties. According to the manufacturers of these materials, the durability of the films should be at least 50 years.

Useful little things

Wind protection
The windproof layer should ensure minimal air penetration into the roofing "pie". That is, the less air passes through 1 m 2 / h of windproof material at a certain pressure, the more reliably the heat-insulating layer will be protected from negative impact wind.

Therefore, for this layer, the best wind protection will be a special protective membrane. good quality, which can protect thermal insulation from water and wind (ordinary polyethylene films are strongly not recommended to use). In addition, they have sufficient strength and high vapor permeability - more than 1000 g / m 2 / day, which also allows it to be laid directly on the insulation without ventilation gaps.

When laying films, it is necessary to comply with all requirements and standards for the presence and number of ventilation gaps, of course, depending on the type of films themselves.

When laying films and membranes, it is necessary not to confuse their front and back sides.

When installing insulating layers, special attention should be paid to the integrity of the material and the tightness during its installation. In this case, the films are rolled out in such a way that even the smallest gaps do not form anywhere, and the material itself adheres tightly to the surface of the structure.

To avoid the appearance of cold bridges, it is necessary to lay the heat-insulating material without gaps. Moreover, both between the plates and at the junction with the structures.

In the thickness of the heat-insulating layer, the presence of heat-conducting inclusions (for example, metal profiles or racks) is not allowed. The thickness of the insulation must be regulatory requirements for a particular climatic zone or exceed them.

Most of the complaints, already with the finished attic, you can hear that in the overbuilt room it is not warm enough, humid, there is a bad smell. It seems that everything was foreseen, insulated, waterproofing and vapor barrier were laid, but they did not get the desired result.

The first mistake made may be not observing all the subtleties when carrying out insulation work. For example, the absence of thermal insulation pads when mounting rafter legs from boards.

There are also mistakes in the arrangement of the “pie” of the roof itself. The roof of the attic differs from the usual roof in that it experiences a double effect of heat flows: heat and moisture enter the roof from the lower floor, and from above the roof subject to external temperature changes and atmospheric precipitation. And not always, especially in winter, these temperatures coincide. Hence the condensation, and moisture, and evaporation.

If the thickness of the insulation is not calculated according to special tables and formulas, this is the next construction error. Installation "by eye" leads to unnecessary loss of temperature in winter. It should be noted that the choice of insulation is of great importance. If you have a choice, take a roll insulation or tiled, give preference to tiled. insulation does not roll in slabs, does not deform and does not move out.

Do not forget about ventilation, vapor barrier and. It is not allowed to use a waterproofing or vapor barrier film with tears, deformations. Even a small hole received during transportation or installation itself will lead to unnecessary consequences. Each section of the roof must be thoroughly ventilated. This is difficult to do if the mansard roof has many windows and various openings for ventilation of the room, chimneys.

There are cases when the waterproofing material, for the purpose of economy or out of ignorance, is not overlapped. Then atmospheric moisture will definitely get on the insulation, hence the bad smell, and rotting rafters. A lot of new waterproofing films appear on the modern market. When installing, you need to carefully read the instructions for using such a film. It is especially worth paying attention to membranes that need to be laid with a certain face up. Violating this method of laying, you get defective waterproofing.

Another roofing pie scheme

For good ventilation, it is recommended to use "superdiffusion" waterproofing films. Then ventilation will occur only under the outer layer of the roofing material and the film due to the space formed by the crate or counter-crate.

The next mistake in the arrangement of the roofing "pie" may be the incomplete fit of the vapor barrier film to the insulation. Available in view of the presence of holes near the windows, chimney, etc. Through them, warm air from the lower rooms will penetrate to the insulation, condensation will fall, which will cause heat loss and rotting of the wood. It is recommended to glue the vapor barrier at the joints, to the walls, around any openings.

Failure to comply with all requirements leads to a reduction in the life of the attic roof.