NOD “What is the wind. GCD “What is wind What determines the movement of air masses

The wind can create and destroy, it can help, and it can also destroy. The winds are constantly blowing on the Earth. In this lesson, we will learn why the wind blows, how to determine the strength of the wind, its direction using a weather vane and an anemometer. What is the role of wind in human life and economic activity, what types of winds exist.

Theme: Inanimate nature

The movement of warm and cold air on Earth is continuous.

Rice. 2. Scheme of formation of constant winds ()

Wind is a natural phenomenon, but such air movement can be observed even indoors. If you open the door of the room and bring a lit candle to the opening, its flame will deviate towards the corridor. This experience proves that the warm air of the room has risen up and out into the corridor, displaced by the cold air below. Therefore, if a candle is placed on the floor, the flame of the candle will deviate towards the room, indicating the direction of movement of cold air.

Rice. 3. Experience in determining the direction of the wind in the room ()

During the day, land heats up faster and stronger than water. But it also cools down faster. Therefore, the temperature over the sea and land is different: during the day the air is warmer over land, and at night it is warmer over the sea.

Therefore, during the day, cold air from the sea moves to land (this wind is called a day breeze), and at night the wind blows in the opposite direction - from land to sea (this is a night breeze).

Rice. 4. A - Day breeze, B - Night breeze ()

The greater the temperature difference in different regions of the globe, the faster the air masses move, the stronger the wind blows. For the safety of life and facilitating housekeeping, it is important for a person to know the direction of the wind. If the wind blows from the arctic zone, it brings cold, and if from the equatorial zone, it brings warmth.

Exists special device, which determines the direction of the wind - vane.

At meteorological stations, the direction of the wind is monitored using a weather vane, which is installed at a height of 10 m. It consists of a light metal plate that rotates around its axis in a certain direction, indicating the direction of the wind. The wind gets its name from the side of the world from where it blows: from the north - north, from the south - south.

Rice. 6. Determination of wind direction ()

To determine the strength of the wind, there is also a special device - anemometer: The stronger the wind blows, the faster the turntable spins.

The wind can be of different strengths: weak, moderate, strong.

Rice. 8. Determining the strength of the wind ()

If the wind is weak, then only the leaves sway on the trees.

A moderate wind shakes the branches of the trees.

A strong wind bends the trees, tears them from the branches and tops.

This is a natural phenomenon, but it helps a person a lot. The wind drives the clouds over the earth, and rain, snow, hail fall in different places. From cities, the wind carries away polluted air, and brings Fresh air from fields, forests and meadows. It dries up roads, inflates the sails of ships, turns the wings of windmills, spreads seeds and pollen from plants.

Rice. 14. The wind carries the seeds of plants ()

Rice. 15. Wind-blown snow ()

Rice. 16. Wind-blown waves ()

Rice. 17. Wind-filled sails ()

Man has long learned to use wind energy: windmill is an example of converting wind energy into mechanical energy. But now the economic and domestic activities of a person are closely related to electricity, so a wind generator was created to obtain electrical energy from wind energy. Wind energy is a renewable form of energy, as it is a consequence of the activity of the Sun. Wind power is a booming industry.

Rice. 19. The structure of the wind generator ()

But sometimes the wind reaches great strength, it is called a hurricane. Such a wind breaks trees, demolishes roofs of houses, breaks wires, raises high waves. A strong wind at sea is called a storm.

A tornado or tornado is an extremely strong atmospheric vortex, where the wind rotates around its axis in a spiral. It takes the form of a column with a diameter of tens to several hundred meters and exists from several minutes to several hours.

Most often (several dozen cases per year) tornadoes are observed in Tornado Alley in the USA - in the strip from northern Texas to Iowa. Here the temperature difference between cold and warm air masses is the most significant. In Russia, tornadoes are more often observed in the European part, especially in the central zone and in the south, but not more than 1-2 times in several years. A series of tornadoes in August 2002 near Novorossiysk caused the death of about 60 people and caused significant material damage.

This is a strong wind big amount snow masses, accompanied by poor visibility on the roads and on any other terrain.

wind from high temperature and low relative air humidity in steppes, semi-deserts and deserts.

So, the wind can both create and destroy.

In the next lesson, we will recall what properties of air we already know from previous lessons. Consider a series of experiments that will introduce us to the new properties of air: its volume, weight and elasticity. And also find out where people use their knowledge about the properties of air in everyday life.

Vakhrushev A.A., Danilov D.D. The world 3. M.: Ballas.
Dmitrieva N.Ya., Kazakov A.N. The world around 3. M .: Publishing house "Fedorov".
Pleshakov A.A. Surrounding world 3. M .: Enlightenment.

Academician ().
Festival of Pedagogical Ideas Public lesson» ().
Methodical circle ().

Make a test (4 questions with three possible answers) on the topic "Wind".
Prepare a report about tornadoes in our country.
Conduct experiments to prove the movement of warm and cold air. Describe your actions, observations, results.
*Write a fairy tale or a fantasy story on the topic "A warm wind picked me up."

About the air...

Answers to pages 48 - 49

1. Remember what the wind is.

Wind is moving air. Earth heats up differently in different places sunbeams. The air also heats up from the ground. Warm air is lighter than cold air. He rises up. And cold air rushes to take its place. This is where the wind comes in.

2. Why is the air polluted?

From the pipes of plants and factories, from the exhaust pipes of cars, harmful substances enter the air and it becomes polluted.

Continue thought:
Air surrounds us everywhere: on the street, in the classroom, in the room. Air cannot be seen, but it can be felt if... wave your hand sharply or bend over; run; when the wind blows, open the window, turn on the fan.

Using a picture, tell about the importance of air for plants, animals, and humans.

People, plants and animals need air to breathe, and therefore to live.

Look at the photo and diagram. Try to explain why the air is polluted, what it affects, how to protect the air from pollution.

For normal life, a person needs a small amount of carbon dioxide. It is necessary for the process of respiration, blood circulation. But if the carbon dioxide in the air is more than the permissible norm, it can harm the human body. We get oxygen from the air we breathe. We breathe out carbon dioxide. The same thing happens in animals and plants. But plants need carbon dioxide to feed, which they get from the air, and release oxygen. Thus, a constant air composition is maintained.
But a person interferes with this balance and violates it with his activity. By cutting down forests, we reduce the amount of oxygen. And even more carbon dioxide becomes due to the fact that the pipes of factories and factories throw it into the atmosphere in whole clouds. The balance of the required ratio of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air is disturbed. It harms not only our health, but the entire planet.
In order for industrial enterprises not to pollute the air, cleaning plants must be installed on them.

Find out what is being done to keep the air clean in your area.

There are two environmental posts in our city that monitor the state of environment, including fixing the excess of the permissible concentration harmful substances in the air.

Questions about how life on Earth works begin to worry us from childhood. It is not always easy for parents to explain what is considered obvious. Of great interest, for example, is such an atmospheric phenomenon as the wind. What is it, where does the wind come from, what determines its direction? We will try to answer these questions without going into complex professional terminology, so that it is understandable to any person in the conscious.

What is the wind made of?

The wind cannot be seen. Only to feel the strength of its breath or resistance, if, for example, you put your hand out of a car driving at high speed. Then a reasonable question arises, what substance underlies the wind? The wind itself is nothing but a current of air. And its composition is determined by the composition of air: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements that most of us know about from chemistry lessons.

What causes the movement of air masses?

Looking deep into the process, it becomes obvious to us that all air consists of molecules (tiny particles) that move in a certain direction. The movement itself is due to the difference in pressure in different parts of the space of the earth's atmosphere. In turn, the pressure is influenced by temperature data: in the warm regions, the molecules are at a greater distance from each other than in the cold ones. In the latter case, the pressure, respectively, will be higher. When air masses flow from one area of pressure to another, a breath occurs. This is where the wind comes from.

Wind types

It is quite obvious from the pressure difference in the atmosphere that the winds and their directions cannot be the same. However, there is one physical law, the same for the entire atmosphere of the Earth. This is the horizontal movement of air masses. By studying the features of the atmospheres of others, scientists managed to find out what it is salient feature Earth. So, at the global level, all winds can be conditionally divided into trade winds and monsoons. The first are called air masses constantly moving due to the aforementioned pressure fluctuations in the atmosphere. But the monsoons appear depending on the change of season and blow for several months. They are characterized by certain temperature fluctuations.

Winds depending on their strength and duration

This is a narrower classification of winds, which allows meteorological scientists to better follow. So, the wind of low strength, which is taken from the ocean and sea coasts and blows for long hours and even days, is commonly called breeze. From a tactile point of view, this is one of the most pleasant winds for a person. rush called high-speed movement of air with great force. The duration of one gust rarely exceeds a few seconds. squally wind combines the signs of a breeze and a gust - it blows for a long time, but at the same time very strongly. With such winds, meteorologists usually announce elevated level weather hazard. There are also extremely strong winds that can cause serious damage to people and infrastructure - this hurricane wind, storm and storm when it comes to coastal weather.

About the air...

Answers to pages 48 - 49

1. Remember what the wind is.

Wind is moving air. The earth in different places is heated differently by the sun's rays. The air also heats up from the earth. Warm air is lighter than cold air. He rises up. And cold air rushes to take its place. This is where the wind comes in.

2. Why is the air polluted?

From the pipes of plants and factories, from the exhaust pipes of cars, harmful substances enter the air and it becomes polluted.

Continue thought:
Air surrounds us everywhere: on the street, in the classroom, in the room. Air cannot be seen, but it can be felt if... wave your hand sharply or bend over; run; when the wind blows, open the window, turn on the fan.

Using a picture, tell about the importance of air for plants, animals, and humans.

People, plants and animals need air to breathe, and therefore to live.

Look at the photo and diagram. Try to explain why the air is polluted, what it affects, how to protect the air from pollution.

Find out what is being done to keep the air clean in your area.

There are two ecological posts in our city that monitor the state of the environment, including recording the excess of the permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air.

Irina Loskutova
GCD "What is the wind"

Target: to create conditions for preschoolers conducive to the development of evidence and ways of connecting the structural and semantic parts of reasoning, the development of logical thinking.

Tasks: Educational: - continue to acquaint children with the phenomena of inanimate nature; establish causal relationships. - improve the compilation of coherent statements, such as reasoning using subordinating conjunctions (since, because, therefore, means);

Educational: - enrich the active vocabulary of children with lexical and grammatical means; - continue to develop coherent speech of children; - improve motor activity through gaming motor tasks; - develop imagination and creative thinking;

Educational: - instill in children communicative qualities; - to cultivate interest in experimental - experimental activities, independence of judgment, a friendly attitude towards each other

vocabulary work: experimental, impetuous, piercing, fierce, cinquain.

Methodological support: ICT, experimental tools ( plastic bottles with balloons according to the number of children, containers for cold and warm water, subject pictures, models, cuts from musical works: Franz Joseph Haydn "Serenade", Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart "Turkish family", Vanessa Metz, "Storm".

The course of educational activities

V-l: Guys! Today on our website kindergarten received a video message from the experts of the club "Why". Why do you think they named their club like that? (Answers) Yes, the guys in it are very inquisitive. They ask a lot of questions and often get the answers themselves. Here they gave you a question. Attention to the screen! Video. “Hello, dear guys! You know the tale of A. S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan". Remember, there are lines: Wind walks on the sea And the boat drives it He runs in the waves On swollen sails. And now, attention question: -Why wind, which we have not even seen, is driving a ship? Is he a wizard or something? Looking forward to your reply on our website "Why".

V-l A: So guys, what do you think such a wind? (Children's answers should begin with words: - I think - I guess). It turns out that wind Is it the movement of air or is it really some kind of Magic power? I propose to test this experimentally and invite you to our laboratory.

Experiment « wind in a bottle» . Explanation educator: We have containers with warm and cold water. Here are the bottles, what is in them? (air) What is he? Working with icons You already know that air is colorless, odorless, has weight, can be warm and cold. Look, is there air in the balloon? We put the bottles in warm water, what happens to the air in the bottles? (It is getting warmer) What caused the balloon to rise? (The air began to move and filled the balloon) Because warm air rises more easily. The balloon holds air. Now drop the bottles in cold water, what's happening? Why did the balloon deflate? (The air cooled down and sank to the bottom of the bottles). IN- eh Q: So what can we conclude? The movement of warm air up (the teacher gestures over the bottle shows how the air rises and falls) and cold air down and forms wind. Did you feel it? Our traffic was weak, so such a wind as one might call? (breeze) What is he? An exercise to enrich children with words signs.

Wind is quiet, friendly, gentle, light, silent, caressing.

V-l: And if the movement of air on the surface of the earth is faster, then what kind of wind, in your opinion? Windy - fast, impetuous, piercing, fierce, sharp, ferocious.

V-l: Indeed, how different can it be wind. And I suggest you feel different winds on yourself. But winds we will be different, music and scarves will help us in this. Understand and listen.

Etude "Southern wind» Blew affectionate, warm, southern wind. The wind dance is light and pleasant. Children seem to expose their faces to the wind, raising their chins. Hands smoothly rise from the bottom up, the movement of the body is light, smooth. Lips imitate a light breath of wind.

Etude "Northern wind» A cold north blew wind, it permeates us through and through. We walk ducking as he knocks us down. The dance of the north wind is fast and impetuous. The cheeks puff up, the air stream is strong and gusty. We walk, crouching, pressing our hands to our chest. Children spin around with their arms up and left and right. Etude "Hurricane" (Voice amplifies) The hurricane rose wind, he bends tree trunks, pulls them out of the ground. Children exhale a strong stream of air. They spin, bend forward, back, raise their hands.

But still, the wind has some good things to do. Guys, think about what good deeds can do wind? Start your offer So: - I know. You can find hints in the pictures.

Working with reference pictures. Clouds, tree, dandelion, sailboat, face. IN- eh: People are friends with the wind and based on it they created and invented useful devices. Name them. (vacuum cleaner, hair dryer, fan, etc.) I know a very amazing invention - a fan. Since ancient times, noble ladies used the fan, being in the theater or walking in the park, refreshing their face with a breath of wind from the fan. And the men cooled themselves with hats. Do you want to feel this breeze?

KRD "Fan, fan"

fan, fan, fan (Open the fan in front of them with both hands) Wave bold, my friend (Two hands wave rhythmically in front of the face) Right, Left Right, Left. (The right hand is waved to the right, then to the left of the face) A little quieter (Quietly waving, holding the fan horizontally) stronger (Very strong wave). Wave one more time (Fold and spread horizontally in front of you) It turned out breeze!

V-l: But unfortunately, strong wind there are bad things too. Look.

multimedia display. Feel the power of the wind? His power. We learned a lot about the wind today. And I think our friends from the club "Why" we can give the exact answer. And people will help us with this. Compilation of a poem by Sinkwine. IN- eh: They are all different. The top man asks: "What did we talk about today?" But these little men ask us: "Which wind do you remember the most?". Look further little men with arms and legs - they move. They are with us ask: "What the wind can do?» . And now you need to say how you feel about the wind, do you like it or not? Look, here the little men made friends. How else can we call wind? The number of words will tell the number of people.

1. Wind. 2. Weak, strong. 3. Blows, refreshes, drives. 4. In hot summer I like cool breeze. 5. Natural phenomenon, air movement.

V-l: Guys, we got the answer to our friends. I think connoisseurs will appreciate it and agree with it that wind is the movement of air, not magical power. Shall we send?

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