The design of the truss system of a multi-gable roof. Multi-gable roof truss system: basic principles of installation of a multi-gable truss system, diagrams

Erecting own house, people care not only about the functionality and practicality of constructive solutions, but also about the aesthetic side of the issue, so the installation of a roof often results in a complex and expensive process due to the complexity of its shape. A multi-gable roof is one of the most complex and labor-intensive types of roof structures, which, nevertheless, is often used in the construction of private houses due to its original appearance. However, every experienced master knows how many difficulties the installation of such a roof is fraught with, so it is quite difficult to build it with your own hands.

A multi-gable roof is a complex structure that consists of several connected roofs, because it has more than two gables and more than two slopes. A house with such a roof resembles a fairy-tale tower or palace. Despite the complex installation and the large amount of resources spent on the device, such constructive solution quite often used in private housing construction due to its high decorative effect. The construction of a multi-gable roof is performed in the following cases:

Initially. Then, when creating a project, an accurate calculation of the loads on the roof is performed, a truss frame scheme is created, and then the installation takes place directly.
During the reconstruction of the building. The house often grows along with its owners, being supplemented with the necessary living space as needed. In order to “make friends” with the roof of the main structure and the extension, a multi-gable roof structure is being installed.
When organizing vertical lighting of the attic. The device of a multi-gable roof is performed in order to abandon expensive skylights in favor of more affordable conventional ones.
During the construction of buildings of complex layout. If the house has many rooms or a complex shape, then the multi-gable design allows you to cover them more aesthetically.

Note! A roof consisting of 2-3 tongs weighs more than usual, therefore, before starting to assemble the structure, an accurate calculation of its weight is performed. Based on these calculations, the load that will fall on the foundation of the structure is determined, and whether it can withstand such a weight.

Device

A multi-gable roof is not much different from a conventional one, its roofing cake also consists of a rafter frame, topcoat, insulation and waterproofing. However, due to the unusual shape, additional elements appear in the design, increasing the complexity of installation. This type of roof structure consists of the following parts:

Mauerlat. Mauerlat timber is called an element of the roof truss frame, which is laid on the upper belt bearing walls where the slopes rest. Its functions are to distribute the load from the weight of the structure, alleviate pressure, and prevent the rafters from tipping over.
Rafter. Rafter legs are arranged in pairs along the ridge of the roof, forming the plane of the slope. They are located at an angle, due to which the slope of the roof is formed.
Endova. A valley is an internal corner formed at the junction of adjacent slopes.
Edge. The outer corner formed by mating slopes is called a rib. Skate - special case roof ribs.
Crate. A solid or sparse base made of boards or plywood is called a crate, it is attached roofing.

Experienced roofers note that some elements of the truss frame of a multi-gable roof need additional reinforcement and waterproofing. In particular, valleys and ribs, due to structural features, experience increased stress, and also often cause leaks.

Advantages

The device of a multi-gable roof is different increased complexity, however, its installation can be beneficial if you correctly calculate and determine the slope of the slopes. This design is more expensive than others, but its original appearance pay back the costs. The advantages of multi-gable roofs are:

Space saving. The design of the multi-gable type allows you to more rationally use the under-roof space to organize the attic more rationally than other types of roofs.
Possibility of using vertical lighting in the attic. If the house is equipped with an attic, then most often you have to install skylights, which are expensive, but give little light. Vertical lighting, mounted on additional tongs, successfully solve this problem.
Improved outflow of water and snow removal. Steep slopes allow snow and water to slide off the roof by gravity, making it easier to maintain.
Effective appearance. A house with a multi-gable roof compares favorably with the same type of "neighbors", with the help of this architectural element it acquires individuality.

Please note that a multi-gable roof, if you correctly perform the calculation and installation, can withstand intense weight, wind and snow loads. However, many additional elements leads to the fact that it weighs more than other types of roofing.

Flaws

A do-it-yourself multi-gable roof is rarely erected, since even at the design stage it requires special knowledge and certain experience. If other types of roofing can be made according to standard schemes and projects, then it requires individual approach. The disadvantages of a multi-gable roof are:

A large amount of waste. The device, the shape of the roof with a complex structure, makes it necessary to cut lumber and roofing during installation, which leaves a lot of waste.
Increase in material consumption. The device of such a roof requires more materials than other types of roofs, therefore it is more expensive.
The complexity of creating a project and installation. If the house is being built with your own hands, it is better to make a simpler roof shape, since it is too difficult to calculate and build a multi-gable type on your own.

Important! Experienced roofers consider the main disadvantage of multi-gable structures to be a complex shape, in the valleys of which water and snow accumulate, leading to an increase in the load on truss frame, and subsequently to leaks.

Video instruction

Among various types roofs, the most beautiful and at the same time difficult to implement is considered to be a multi-gable design. She came to our country from Europe, where people have long had a love for square houses and buildings with a lot of corners. The intricate rafter system of a multi-gable roof is being erected on structures with a complex layout, and is also great solution for organizing additional lighting in the attic.

Advantages and disadvantages

Those developers who prefer minimalism and practicality are unlikely to appreciate the complex broken lines of such an expensive roof, especially since its main function is similar to more modest one-level samples. Aesthetes and connoisseurs of sophistication, for whom decorative characteristics are as important as functional ones, on the contrary, use every opportunity to arrange such an architectural composition in their home.

The construction of a multi-gable roof is an expensive and time-consuming process.

Even though a simpler construction of a roofing system can be just as successful, it would be a mistake to think that a roof with many gables has only one advantage - Beautiful design, this is not entirely true. Apart from the outstanding decorative features, this design has a number of positive aspects, namely:

A long operating period, achieved by the balance of the truss system, thanks to which the roof is able to withstand an impressive load.
The possibility of planning additional space inside the house due to the attic or attic space where you can equip a gym, billiard room or greenhouse.
Practicality, expressed in the natural removal of precipitation. Due to the presence of inclined surfaces (sometimes their slope reaches 90 degrees), snow and rainwater, as well as fallen leaves, branches and other debris, do not linger on the roof surface and are independently discharged from it.

For construction, it is better to attract a team of professional roofers

If we talk about the shortcomings of the object in question, then they are rather arbitrary, because for wealthy homeowners these disadvantages will not be significant. As you understand, we are talking about the high cost of the project, the high cost of materials and the high wages of the construction team due to the complexity of the work. It was not in vain that we mentioned the need to involve high-level specialists in the construction of a multi-component roof. professional level, because its construction with your own hands without the appropriate qualifications is difficult and very risky. If you are confident in your abilities and have all the practical skills in this area, you can safely proceed to the implementation of your plans.

The main elements of the external structure

Tongs form the base of the roof slopes

So, all the pros and cons are weighed, there is confidence in your intellectual and physical capabilities, which means that you are ready to perform a complex process with your own hands. Most simple option structures with many tongs are considered to be the union into a single whole of a pair of gable structures intersecting at right angles in the form of a cross (with the upper projection).

Now let's move on to the terms denoting individual sections of the roof:

forceps, in the language of professionals - nothing more than the tops of a wall without a cornice (unlike a pediment), which form the basis for two roof slopes;
valley- the place of joining of two planes, forming an internal corner;
edge- an outer corner formed at the junction of two slopes. The horizontal top rib is called a ridge by carpenters.

Pay attention to the fact that special attention is paid to the valleys, because they must cope with the high load caused by the accumulation of precipitation. Even the slightest miscalculations in this area are fraught with leaks and, as a result, premature destruction of the roof.

truss system

The rafter system at the multi-gable roof is assembled from a variety of required elements, which are installed in a strictly defined, verified order, and this is its main difficulty.

The basis of the system is:

rafters (sloping and hanging);
Mauerlat;
beams.

The slightest violation of construction technology, as a rule, turns into serious troubles, the elimination of which, if possible, inevitably entails a significant waste of time and financial costs. We immediately draw the attention of people who decide to master construction stages with your own hands that this complex structure may require a combination of hanging and inclined rafters.

In practice, for the manufacture of rafters, dried and treated with fire retardants and antiseptics, bars of the same section as the Mauerlat (150 x 150 mm or 100 x 150 mm) are used, which, in turn, evenly distributes the load from the roof to the walls of the house. The upper parts of the rafters are connected by a ridge run. It is very important to maintain the optimal moisture content of the wood (maximum 20%).

Stages of the construction process

To install a multi-gable roof with your own hands, you will need a work plan, which is strongly not recommended to deviate from. Now let's go directly to the construction stages:

When mounting such a complex roof with your own hands, do not forget that the attic space will require additional insulation, otherwise it cannot be used as a living space. Mineral fiber (basalt or glass wool) is best suited for such purposes. If you neglect this rule, you may encounter the accumulation of condensate in the under-roof area, which will lead to rotting of the wood from which the roof structure is assembled.

Before deciding to build such a roof, think carefully - are you ready to fork out in the name of beauty? This roof does not carry any particular benefit, but it also has no serious drawbacks.

For those who are planning to build a house and want to turn it into a real work of art, a multi-gable roof will allow you to realize the most original fantasies in this matter. Multi-gable roofs of houses quickly won the hearts of those who love something exquisite and have enough finances, because this type of roof is not cheap.

Multi-gable roof - advantages and disadvantages

You can often hear that this type of roof is used exclusively in the construction of square houses, but this is a myth. It happens that all kinds of premises are completed to the house, and it takes on an awkward shape. In this case, a multi-gable roof completely transforms the appearance of the house - it looks very impressive!

As for reliability, the multi-gable roof device is very strong, but only if the installation of the truss system is done correctly. If you are not a specialist, then it is better to contact experienced builders.

There is a lot of space under a multi-gable roof, you can make a spacious attic or equip a luxurious attic, often for the sake of it such a roof is built to provide good lighting.

Important: when building a multi-gable roof, it is impossible to equip the entire room as residential - you need to select a part in which there will be a ventilated room, separate from the heated one.

Among the shortcomings can be identified:

High cost. Uneconomical consumption of wood, you need to constantly cut, trim, and as a result, some of the material is simply thrown away. The truss system of a multi-gable roof is difficult to install, respectively, the craftsmen charge a substantial amount for work.

High risk of leaks. A feature of such a roof is a lot of slopes, and the places where they intersect are called endovs - the most vulnerabilities roofs. There are large flows of water, and if you do not pay attention to the quality insulation of these joints, then at the first opportunity they will leak.

Multi-gable roof elements

The truss system of a multi-gable roof is the same as that of other roofs - Mauerlat, rafter legs, ridge, grooves for water drainage, crate and more quantity inclined ribs with additional racks. All this is fastened together with metal fasteners.

The difference from the standard roof is the presence of ends, grooves, many ribs and slopes.

It was said about the endova above - these are depressions that form at the junction of the slopes, they are also grooves. The ribs are also the joints of two slopes, only they do not go inward, but outward. It is in these elements that all the “sweetness” is, because they form the tongs and the numerous hips (slopes), giving the roof such a special look.

Types of multi-gable roofs

In architectural terms, the hip roof can be given the most elaborate look. There is a place to show imagination and surprise with the unusual form.

Multi-gable roofs are the most popular type. Despite the fact that such a design requires careful fastening with the correct distribution of the load. Pointed corners give the structure rigor and concise completeness. Any Vacation home with such a roof looks rich and original.

Semi-hip gable roofing is also a fairly common type. Installation is a little easier. Characteristic of this kind, these are "smooth" corners. The roof looks flowing and elegant, somewhat reminiscent of a tent. It is only at first glance that it seems more modest than the previous view, if you approach its construction creatively, it can turn out to be unusually beautiful.

truss system

Simply put, the rafter system of a multi-gable roof is two gable roofs that are connected to each other at an angle of 90 degrees.

Because of heavy weight and the complexity of the structure, in the construction of such a roof, both types of truss systems are used - hanging and layered, and also create

multi-gable roof scheme

A few words about how a multi-gable roof is built with your own hands:

On the Mauerlat, with a section of 150x150 mm and a length of 1.5 m, rafters of 150x50 mm are attached.

The rafters are fastened at the top with a ridge of the desired section, then the structure is reinforced by installing intermediate runs.

Since in this design there are places where two roofs are connected, there you need to make additional rafters to attach sprigs to them.

multi-gable roof - drawing

When all the racks and fasteners are in place, you need to lay a layer of waterproofing film.

The crate is made of boards measuring 32x100 mm. You can bars 50x50.

Important: before installing the rafter system, you need to correctly calculate the slope of the slopes and the load on the rafters so that the structure is strong. It is desirable that this be done by a specialist. In addition, the climatic location is important - if a lot of precipitation is expected, then the slope of the hips should be maximum so that water and snow do not linger. You need to take care of the endows - clean off snow and debris from them.

Be that as it may, experts do not recommend starting the construction of a multi-gable roof on their own. If only because the material will cost you a lot of money and it will be a shame if nothing works out. Of course, the masters will also take a lot, but in the end you will be pleased with the beauty and reliability of an architectural masterpiece.

Video

I am glad to welcome everyone to my site again! This time I will tell you about how we built a multi-gable roof from the very beginning to the very end. At the dacha of the wife's parents, the walls of the house were erected. The external size of the house is 9x11. By the way, I note that it seems that the area of a 9x11 house is the same as that of a 10x10 house, but no, the difference is a whole square meter You can't fool math. The walls of the house are made of foam concrete blocks. All four pediments have been erected - accordingly, the roof is multi-gabled. I must say right away that if you decide to make such a roof with your own hands, it’s better not to do this - you will be tormented. Better make it normal gable roof and get a bunch of advantages over a multi-gable roof. The only drawback of a gable in front of such complex roof this is the look of the house. Well, the wife's parents have been hatching the "project" of their house for a long time, so it is not possible to convince them of anything. The builders announced 150,000 rubles for the work on the construction of this roof. There was no such money and it was decided to build it ourselves. Three people participated in the construction - Father, son and son-in-law. The time spent on the construction of a multi-gable roof is 17 days. Working schedule: seven days a week from 9:00 to 20:00. At the same time, we did not have time to hem the gables from below. Well, more about that another time.

If, despite what you read above, you still want such a roof, then you have come to the right place! Below I will tell and attach photos about the entire construction process. Let's start.

Before starting work, we have four gables made of foam blocks:

As you can see, beams and boards are randomly thrown onto the ceiling of the first floor. For ease of installation, you need to put everything in order. It was decided to immediately lay out the floor beams (beam 100x200) in their places with an interval of 600-800 mm, depending on the width of the walls of the first floor:

The beams were laid out, in places where the beams lie on the walls, roofing felt was placed.

Further, the entire future crate was raised to all the beams (edged board 100x25 mm). This was necessary in order to make it convenient to work at the time of the construction of the truss system. That is, we get a full-fledged floor on the second floor. Thanks to this, we have the opportunity to use goats and ladders.

We are preparing for the construction of rafters. In order to make it convenient and easy to install the rafters, we decided to install 100x100 mm guide beams. Because maximum length an ordinary bar is 6 meters and the dimensions of our house 9x11 the cross was sewn into an overlap of bars 50x100 mm. These beams (we called them a cross) in the end result will not carry any function of holding the truss system, and indeed the entire roof as a whole. I will say right away that we thanked ourselves 100 times for this decision, otherwise everything would have been much more complicated. At the crosshairs of the cross, the beams were sawn into the floor of the timber. At the same time, a long beam (11 m) was washed down from below, and a short one (9 m) from above. Before installation, we checked the correctness of the cuts and “assembled” the cross.

To install the cross, we prepared a template for the junction of the rafters, made along the contour of the gable bevels:

According to this template, we screwed four support bars 50x100 mm 200 mm long to the wall. On these bars, we first laid a long beam of the cross, and then a short one. On the stretched ropes of the four tops of the pediments, we aligned the cross in a straight line and in a level, setting a temporary support in the center.

After that, we install murlat on the straight sections of the pediment (house 9x11 meters). This murlat will hold straight and slanting rafters. To install the murlat, even at the stage of pouring the armored belt, two studs with a diameter of 12 mm were pre-installed:

The pediment itself had to be sawn obliquely, since the angle would interfere with the installation of an oblique (bearing) rafter:

We install the first and second rafters along the gable (size 150x50 mm):

Why are the first rafters so close together? This is due to the fact that the difference between the width and length of the house is 2 meters - one meter on each side. The crate will be carried out beyond the pediment by 500 mm. The gable wall thickness is 300 mm, 800 mm in total. Accordingly, we lack 200 mm to obtain that very meter of a straight section of the roof. Since the first rafter is attached directly to the gable wall, the second is needed 200 mm from the wall. Two opposite rafters for roof rigidity are connected by an additional jumper. Also, for a bunch, you can immediately nail a beam that will be ceiling(size 150x50 mm):

Next, install the oblique rafter. Its length exceeds the standard 6 meters, so it was sewn into an overlap of two 150x50 mm rafters. The upper edge of the rafter lies on the cross:

A cutout (“heel”) is made on the rafter for a more rigid attachment to the murlat:

The lower end of the oblique rafter adjoins the side surface of the second rafter. The outer edge of the rafter is at a distance of 50 cm from the wall:

Next, install all four oblique rafters. At the top of the roof, this connection is obtained:

After that, we begin to drive all the other rafters. We started doing them from the bottom up at a distance of 67 cm from each other. The following is a series of photos that show how it was all done:

At the top, for rigidity, the rafters are connected by a jumper:

In the center, jumpers are made on diagonal rafters one under the other:

View from the street:

Unfortunately, we spent a lot of time on these rafters, since each of the rafters had to be separately measured and cut at the right angle for them to fit well to the oblique rafters.

Next, we began to sheathe everything that turned out with a crate. We left 80 mm between the boards of the crate. On the roof ridge, two boards are sewn almost tightly to each other - this is necessary so that later the iron roof ridge can be fixed without problems.

The crate was released beyond the wall of the house by more than 50 cm. Later, we marked 50 cm and cut the boards in a straight line with a jigsaw.

To stiffen the part of the crate that is released into the street, we screwed the guide rails. To the same slats, we will then hem the pediments with iron from below:

After the entire crate has been nailed, sawn off, hemmed with guide rails, you can proceed to cover the roof with iron.

In order to save money, the parents decided to cover the roof with an ordinary profile iron. In this case, it is possible to use iron scraps obtained as a result of cutting oblique corners. If there was a metal tile, then all the trimmings would go to the trash. That is, it turns out double savings - the difference in price between metal tiles and iron and the absence of scraps going to the trash. Also, for metal tiles, it is necessary to buy special gutters installed on oblique rafters, and they are not very cheap. In our case, instead of gutters, an ordinary flat iron was purchased, painted in the same color as the color of the profile iron.

Now in order. We bend gutters from ordinary iron. For bending, we used a cut of the second floor floor beam:

Next, we spread the vapor barrier film on the crate, fasten it with a construction stapler and lay the bent gutters in the oblique corners of the roof. It looks like this:

In order to prevent water from flowing on the roof ridge at the most central point, the gutter is bent onto the opposite roof slope, on the opposite side the gutter is already bent onto this roof slope. As a result, we get a complete overlap of the upper corner joint and do this in a circle, with the exception of the last (fourth) gutter. The fourth gutter is simply cut straight across the ridge:

Do not forget to release the lower gutter so that the water does not fall directly on the crate in the future, but flows directly into the gutter:

After installing the gutter, we continue to lay the vapor barrier film on the roof. In this case, you must first lay the film, then lay a row of iron, then again a film, then again a row of iron. This is necessary so that you can safely walk along the crate and conveniently mount the iron. If you spread the entire film at once, then walking on the roof will be much more difficult, and this is not to mention the possibility of damage to the vapor barrier film.

Also, do not forget to install the “frontal” corners before spreading the vapor barrier film:

Next, we mount the hardware:

Do not forget that the vapor barrier film is thrown over the ridge and subsequently placed on top of the film of the opposite roof slope:

After the iron is mounted on the entire roof, metal skates can be installed. Most difficult place is the center of the top of the roof. This place is already covered with gutters, but I would also like to properly cover it with a ridge. How we did it can be seen in the photo below:

Next, I publish other photos of the top of the roof:

Well, now what happened:

And finally, photos of the rafter system of a multi-gable roof from all sides from the inside:

I hope this page will be useful to many!

If you have any questions - ask them in the comments - I will be happy to answer them!

Among the diversity various roofs the most difficult is considered multi-forceps.

However, this does not stop those who want to decorate their home with such a roof.

In this article, we will look at what it is and how its design differs from the designs of other roofs.

Such roofs are erected on polygonal or square houses.

Often attached to houses various premises having a different height or equipped with attics in the attic space - multi-gable coatings are erected for various reasons.

The main feature of the design of multi-gable roofs is the presence a large number valleys, grooves and ribs.

Design

The simplest gable roof is gable roof, which does not have gables at the ends.

In this design, the upper triangular part of the wall is called a tong.

If it is separated by a cornice, it will already be a pediment.

The simplest example of a multi-gable roof is the connection of two gable roofs at a right angle.

From above, such a structure is a cruciform figure.

A valley is an internal angle formed between two slopes.

In winter, they accumulate the largest amount of snow, and in summer - garbage.

Attention should be paid to their waterproofing, since leaks most often occur here.

The edge of the coating is formed by the joints of the slopes, unlike the valley, it is an outer corner, for example, a ridge or a connection of two slopes on a hipped roof.

The most complex and critical part of the entire structure is the truss system, it should be calculated and manufactured with increased accuracy and care.

As a rule, either hanging ones are found in it.

We will consider the rafter system separately.

Photos

The device and procedure for the construction of the truss system

basis roof structure is a Mauerlat, laid on top of the wall and representing a rigid connected frame.

It is attached to the walls by means of metal studs installed in the armored belt.

Since the roof is a rather complex structure, attention should be paid to its drawing.

To do this, it is necessary to accurately measure all dimensions, select the slope, determine the type of truss system used, calculate the rafters, mark the location of the valleys, skates, ribs, as well as system elements - puffs, stops, runs, vertical racks.

First of all, the Mauerlat is laid - it is the basis of the truss system and takes on all the efforts from the rafters, transferring them to the load-bearing walls.

Mauerlat is securely fixed on a reinforced belt, after which the rafter legs are mounted.

For larger houses, longitudinal or transverse ceiling beams are installed, which will serve as puffs.

The rafter legs look like ordinary rafters, and if the roof is hip or semi-hip, the rafters will be diagonal, they will need to be reinforced with sprigs, and they themselves can be double or paired.

The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat by means of cuts, as well as metal plates, brackets, corners - it depends on the type of rafters.

At the top point, the rafters are connected on the ridge, and then equipped with a vapor barrier, crate and counter-crate.

It depends on the roofing material, which will be used later.

All wooden elements should be impregnated with flame retardants and antiseptics for safety and longer service life.

After the construction of the truss system, the roof is insulated and covered.

Particular attention should be paid to waterproofing, in particular, valleys and grooves - water and snow accumulate in them, and with poor-quality waterproofing, they leak first.

Some features of the roof in question

When choosing a multi-gable roof as an option for your home, keep in mind that the construction of such a roof is a rather complicated and expensive process.

It will take a sufficient amount of material, time, professional skills and so on.

If you are confident in your abilities, do-it-yourself multi-gable roofing (its diagram can be easily found) will not be a big deal.

The issue of cost stands apart - such a design is not only complicated, but also costly.

For this type of roof, as a multi-gable roof, the project must be drawn up with great care and taking into account all possible factors - then the roof will serve for a long time and with high quality.

If you build such a roof, taking into account all the rules, then you will get a roof that will be:

Stable and reliable - due to the balanced truss system, the roof can withstand heavy loads;
The roof will make it possible to equip the house with additional space - an attic or an attic;
The roof will be practical, but its appearance will be very attractive - multi-gable roofs look very beautiful, and due to the steepness of the slopes, snow and other precipitation do not linger on it.

As you can see, a multi-gable roof is a somewhat peculiar design that requires more costs and effort than other types of roofs.

However, by erecting such a roof, you will greatly decorate your house, make it attractive in appearance.

It will be pleasant to be in it, and if you approach the arrangement of the roof creatively, it will look very impressive.

At the same time, such a roof will be quite practical.

Video about the roof truss system.