The name of the city in which Khmelnytsky. Khmelnytsky city: street map, description. Higher education institutions of I-II levels of accreditation and vocational schools
Khmelnitsky(Ukrainian Khmelnytsky; originally - Ploskirivtsy, until 1795 - Ploskirov(Ukrainian Ploskiriv), until 1954 - Proskurov listen)) is a city in Ukraine, administrative center Khmelnitsky region and Khmelnitsky district (not part of it). Industrial, commercial and cultural center of Podolia and South Volhynia. Located on the river Southern Bug.
Story
From antiquity to the first mention of the city
The territory on which Khmelnytsky is located has been inhabited since ancient times. In the east of the Leznevo microdistrict, objects of bronze mining dating back to 2000 BC were found. e., as well as the Scythian period of the 7th-3rd centuries BC. e., in the Ozernaya microdistrict - a large settlement with materials from the 1st century BC. e., in the Dubovo microdistrict - a settlement of the Scythian period of the 7th-3rd centuries BC. e., in the Grechany and Ozernaya microdistrict - a settlement of the Chernyakhov culture of the III-IV centuries. n. e. To this day, barrows have been preserved, which are dated by archaeologists to the 7th-3rd centuries BC. e.: one in the Zarechye microdistrict and two in the southeast of the Rakovo microdistrict.
Khmelnitsky has almost 600 years of history and originates from the small settlement of Ploskiry or Ploskirivtsy, located at the confluence of the Ploska River with the Southern Bug. The date of foundation is not known, as for the first mention, it can be reliably said that Ploskirov existed already in the first half of the 15th century. At that time, the territories of Podolia became the cause of a dispute between the Lithuanian princes and the Polish kingdom. Most of Podolia, including the Bug region, fell under the rule of the Polish crown. The Polish king Vladislav II Jagiello in 1431 distributes privileges to the faithful gentry to own the Podolsk land. Among the settlements that are mentioned in the documents of the royal office, there is a settlement of Ploskirivtsy.
As part of the Ottoman Empire and the Commonwealth
During the War of Liberation of 1648-1654, under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Ploskiry and its environs repeatedly found themselves in the center of battles between the Cossacks and Polish troops. The area repeatedly changed hands between the warring parties.
In 1672, Ploskirov, how all of Podolia came under power Ottoman Empire. In 1699, the Turks left Podolia, Ploskirov again went to Poland and returned to the possession of the Zamoyskis. The Ploskirian population was exterminated by the Turks, so the Zamoyskis begin to resettle people here from Polish Mazovia and the Masurian Lake District. Thus, in Ploskiriv and nearby villages, “mazurs” appeared: immigrants, who formed the basis of the Catholic population of these settlements.
As part of the Russian Empire
On July 5, 1795, the Podolsk province was formed, which is part of the Russian Empire. One of its districts began to be called Proskurov with its center in the city of Proskurov. It is in this imperial decree that the name Proskurov first appears. Special Decree on Renaming Ploskirova V Proskurov not found.
In 1806, there were 487 houses in Proskurov, of which only one was made of stone, shops - 68 wooden and 7 stone, mills - 2, a Greek-Russian church, a Catholic chapel and two synagogues. Trade took place weekly, on Fridays and Sundays, the number of fairs reached 14 per year. The population of the city was 2022 inhabitants.
In 1870, the railway line Zhmerinka - Proskurov - Volochisk was launched. A railway station and a railway station were built on the eastern outskirts of the city.
House on Pylypchuk street, 49
As part of the UNR
In 1917-1920 - as part of the Ukrainian People's Republic, as well as the Ukrainian state (April-December 1918). The government of the UNR and the Directory were in the city several times (March 6-21 and November 16-21, 1919, June 7-30, 1920). In February 1919, the Proskurov pogrom took place here (not the only [ source unspecified 330 days], but the largest in the history of the city).
As part of the Ukrainian SSR
On November 18, 1920, Soviet power was finally established. Since December 1922, as part of the Ukrainian SSR as part of the Soviet Union, the center of the Proskurov district of the Podolsk province.
On March 25, 1944, he was liberated from the Nazi troops by the Soviet troops of the 1st Ukrainian Front during the Proskurov-Chernivtsi operation:
- 1st Guards Army consisting of: 107th Rifle Corps (Major General Gordeev, Dmitry Vasilievich) consisting of: 127th Rifle Division (Colonel Govorov, Ivan Pavlovich), 304th Rifle Division (Lieutenant Colonel Muzykin, Mikhail Maksimovich); 2nd Guards airborne division (Colonel Cherny, Stepan Makarovich) of the 47th SC (Major General Shmygo, Ivan Stepanovich); 9th Engineer Brigade (Colonel Stonoga, Andrey Andreevich).
- 18th Army consisting of: 141st Rifle Division (Colonel Klimenko, Alexander Yakovlevich) 52nd Rifle Division (Major General Perkhorovich, Franz Iosifovich).
- 2nd Air Army consisting of: 5th Assault Air Corps (Major General of Aviation Kamanin, Nikolai Petrovich) consisting of: 4th Guards. assault air division (lieutenant colonel Levadny, Alexander Sidorovich), 264th division (colonel Klobukov, Evgeny Vasilyevich); units of the troops of the 227th Assault Air Division (Colonel Lozhechnikov, Andrey Alexandrovich), units of the troops of the 331st Iad (Colonel Semenenko, Ivan Andreevich), units of the troops of the 208th night short-range bomber division (Colonel Yuzeev, Leonid Nikolayevich), part of the forces of the 326th night bomber division (Colonel Feduliev, Semyon Ivanovich).
The troops that participated in the liberation of Proskurov, by order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin of March 25, 1944, were thanked and in the capital of the USSR, Moscow, a salute was given with 12 artillery volleys from 124 guns.
By orders of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin dated April 3, 1944 No. 078 and dated May 24, 1944 No. 0135, in commemoration of the victory, the formations and units that distinguished themselves in the battles for the liberation of the city of Proskurov received the name "Proskurov".
Significant structures
Despite the rather long history, few old buildings of historical interest have been preserved in the city. Starting from the 1960s-1970s, the development of the city center began to acquire a more modern character; Kyiv architects and artists took part in its development. Among the most notable buildings of the second half of the 20th century is the building of the Drama Theater designed by the architect Klavdiya Lvovna Yurovskaya, which is characterized by peculiar architectural solutions and award-winning architecture.
Temples of the city
The now large and densely populated city of Khmelnitsky was once a small settlement, and the first mention of it occurs in the 15th century, when the city was called Ploskiriv, or Ploskirovets. Three centuries that the city belonged to Poland, it served as the center of a small region, was called the Ploskyr Starostvo. A modest production was established here, there were fairs and handicrafts developed, but nevertheless, the significance of the city was quite small.
The population of Ploskirov did not exceed three thousand Human. The city, like a small estate, belonged to a noble family. In the 15th century, the city was owned by the Bedrikhov family, then Ploskirov moved to the estates of the Vlodek family. The most significant changes occurred to the city during the period of its ownership by the Zamoyski family. Elements of the Zamoyski family coat of arms are also contained in the modern coat of arms of the city of Khmelnytsky. The princes really did a lot for the city - they significantly advanced the development of trade and crafts. Trade routes began to pass through the city, it gained fame thanks to the sound manufacture of carpets. Ploskirov had to suffer during the War of Independence - then part of its land was devastated, and later the city was often a battlefield of implacable Poles and Cossacks.
When in 1795 the city was annexed to the Russian Empire, it began to be called Proskurov and the Proskurov district belonging to it. It took some time to get used to the new name, but by the beginning of the new century, the name was finally established. The Ukrainians called the word "proskura" the bread used in Christian rites.
In 1822, the city happened terrible fire burned out most of the city. It was planned to restore the city, but this plan was not implemented soon - no funds were allocated for new buildings. Until 1870, when the railway was built, life in the city barely flickered, but with the influx of a new population, everything began to change actively. Gradually, a sugar factory, a tobacco factory, factories for the manufacture of iron products, bricks, and a brewery were built and put into operation. Accordingly, the number of residential buildings, shops, shops began to grow, pavements began to be laid out. Moreover, the city was finally ready for cultural development. In 1892, the first theater was opened, then a real school, female gymnasium, commercial school. All these events had a positive impact on improving the quality of life of citizens, as well as on the influx of population.
Proskurov became a large developing city, an important commercial center of the province. significant event in the life of the city was the foundation on its territory of a large military garrison. The 46th Dnepropetrovsk regiment was stationed in the city, famous for the fact that the writer A. Kuprin served in it. His story "Duel" contains many sketches from the writer's life in the regiment.
Proskurov had military glory, but this glory cost the city dearly. During the First World War, Proskurov was close to the front, the battles were fought here often and brought a lot of losses. The stronghold was the city during civil war and the struggle for independence, Proskurov suffered countless losses from the Great Patriotic War. All these events literally destroyed the historical past of the city, which is sometimes so easy to read in cities with preserved architecture.
In 1954, the city began to be called Khmelnitsky, in honor of the leader of the Liberation War, Bogdan Khmelnitsky. Since this year, the city began to be actively built up and the buildings erected at that time are the face of modern Khmelnitsky. At that time, administration buildings, a musical theater, a philharmonic society were built, monuments were erected - to B. Khmelnitsky, A. Makarenko, T. Shevchenko, N. Ostrovsky, park areas were arranged. In 1993, an equestrian monument to B. Khmelnitsky was erected, an unusual, impressive monument to the soldiers who died in Afghanistan. New buildings are actively appearing in the city, which differ from Soviet buildings, Khmelnitsky acquires its new face - a modern, rapidly developing city, with its own unique way of life.
Khmelnitsky is one of the regional centers of Ukraine, which is also considered the modern capital of Podolia. The city is already almost 600 years old, which speaks of its rich history. The complex of the main city buildings was built during the Soviet period. These are administrative buildings, and residential buildings, and a philharmonic society, several museums and theaters. in which country?
What interesting places to see in Khmelnitsky
The architectural ensemble of Khmelnitsky will not leave anyone indifferent. There are a lot of memorable places, memorials associated with the name of Taras Shevchenko, Bogdan Khmelnitsky, Anton Makarenko, Nikolai Ostrovsky, and other figures of culture and history.
We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the beautiful Dominican monastery, the church of Vincent de Paul. This place is one of the most curious in the city. The monastery was founded in 1612, and its construction modern building was completed in 1789. The monastery ceased its activities in 1859, after which it began to be used as Orthodox Church. Only in 1991 the church again became the property of the Catholic community.
You should definitely visit the Khmelnitsky Art Gallery, the Museum of Local Lore and the Museum of the History of the City. The regional art museum presents eight thousand contemporary works of art. The city museum has an exposition telling about the history of the city, and the local history museum has 60,000 exhibits of great historical value.
Recreation for everyone
Khmelnitsky has everything you need for a normal rest, entertainment and delicious food. The city and its environs are literally filled with sanatoriums, hotels and recreation centers.
Citizens and guests of the city love to relax in the park named after Taras Shevchenko. Previously, the famous oak grove grew here, on the site of which today there is a no less famous trading square. The square is rich in variety. ornamental plants. There is also a cinema, and a whole complex of mysterious metal sculptures by the modern master N. Mazur.
Hotel prices and shopping
There are many hotels in Khmelnitsky in all districts of the city, as well as sanatoriums and recreation centers. Each vacationer can find a place to relax according to taste and financial possibilities.
We recommend paying attention to the Podillya Hotel, located in the city center. This 12-storey building is very well located, next to the Podillya city stadium, the railway station, a trolleybus stop and a taxi rank. The cost of rooms - from 120 hryvnia per day.
The hotel "Eneida" is also located in the central part of the city. Reconstruction according to the European standard was carried out here. The rooms have brand new equipment and furniture. It has its own cafe, restaurant, even a beauty salon and conference rooms. Breakfast must be paid separately. Rooms cost from 160 hryvnia.
Hotel "Vic Jean" will appeal to tourists for whom comfort is higher than cost. Here, rooms cost at least 265 hryvnias, but the service is organized at the highest level.
There are many opportunities for shopping in Khmelnitsky. Some tourists may be struck by the prices with their affordability. Clothes and food in local markets are much cheaper than in Russia or Belarus, so you should not miss the chance to buy something for yourself or your family.
Where to eat in the city?
Bars, restaurants and cafeterias in the city, one might say, are located at every turn. All of them will delight you with a decent selection of dishes, reasonable prices and good service. For example, the City Budyak restaurant offers a wide range of national Ukrainian dishes, cozy interiors and high quality service.
We invite you to visit the glamorous cafe "Vanilla", located in the central part of the city, decorated in black and white. The menu of the cafe and dishes that are impossible to look at calmly are also decorated. In addition, there is a modern positive staff, providing you with a great holiday. This establishment offers good quality cuisine, a relaxing pastime.
How to get to Khmelnitsky
Khmelnitsky can be reached by car, bus or rail. The city's airport does not provide regular flights.
Within the city there is a railway line through which trains run from the south and east of the country to the west. You can get to Khmelnytsky only by transit train to Transcarpathia, Lvov, Chernivtsi or Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland and Slovakia. You can get to Khmelnitsky by train from Vinnitsa, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Zaporozhye, Lvov, Odessa, Simferopol, Truskavets, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kamenetz-Podolsky or Kiev and many other cities.
Buses run throughout the Khmelnitsky region. There is also bus traffic from Berdichev, Boryspil. Vinnitsa, Gaisin, Donetsk, Kiev, Lvov, Nikolaev, Rivne, Odessa, Sevastopol, other cities of Ukraine, and from abroad, from Warsaw, Cologne, Prague.
If you decide to get there by car, there are 2 highways: the M-12 / E50 highway, which can be reached from Vinnitsa or Ternopil, and the H-03 highway, which can be reached from Zhytomyr or Chernivtsi.
In almost every city in Russia there is a street named after the hetman of the Zaporizhzhya Regiment, Bogdan Mikhailovich Khmelnitsky. And in Ukraine, a whole city is dedicated to this hero, and he is called Khmelnitsky, however, until 1954 he was called Proskurov.
The architecture of the city is an amazing mixture of buildings belonging to different eras and styles. Together with modern remodels, old county houses, pre-war two-story buildings and buildings of the Stalinist era coexist well, which in themselves can already be considered sights. But besides them in this city there is something to see.
Markets
One of the main attractions of the city of Khmelnitsky can be considered its markets, which in the nineties occupied a third of the entire area of the city. For example, the famous bazaar "" has an area of 18 hectares, and about one hundred and twenty thousand people work on it.
At present, the markets have diminished, presentable shopping centers have grown in their place. In fact, only the form has changed, the content remains the same, since the same brisk trade goes on behind their walls.
If you get tired of walking around the markets, you can go to the center to Independence Square and see the House of Soviets, which currently houses the city administration and the regional Council. But the building is remarkable not for this, but for its architecture. It was made according to the project of Ignat Chekirda with classical techniques, towers and spiers characteristic of that time.
Not far from the House of Soviets on the same square is a monument to Bohdan Khmelnitsky, which is not surprising, because the city is named after him. The hetman is depicted sitting on a dashing horse and raising his mace to strike.
The sculpture turned out to be slightly out of proportion, but still impressive. It symbolizes, of course, the fearlessness and courage of Ukrainians in the struggle for their independence.
Location: Proskurivska street - 107.
This square was named after the famous Ukrainian poet, artist and revolutionary Taras Shevchenko only in 1992 after the monument of the same name was erected in it.
Initially, there was a wasteland on the site of the square, then the local authorities organized a trading area there, which was called "Khlebnaya". It housed shops, taverns, attractions, visiting zoos and circuses.
Later, all this was moved to a more spacious place, and the forty-sixth Dnieper Infantry Regiment settled on the square, in which at that time the still unknown, but already talented young writer Alexander Kuprin served. Later, the regiment also moved out, and a park was laid out in that place, which today is very popular with both residents and guests of the city.
In Khmelnitsky there is another famous park dedicated to the hero of our time, namely the former mayor of the city, Mikhail Chekman, who adequately held this post for twelve years, and then tragically died in a car accident.
In addition to the parks and squares described above, you can take a walk along the pretty boulevard on Gagarin Street, which leads towards the local registry office. It is unique in that throughout its length there are themed benches for lovers, each of which is a work of art in itself.
These would have been ordinary wooden benches, but local creative craftsmen worked on them. They decorated them with various patterns, carvings and other decorative elements making them truly amazing.
If you are tired of wandering around the parks, then you can visit museums, which abound in Khmelnitsky. And it is better to start, of course, with a museum dedicated to the history of the city.
It contains many valuable exhibits, such as fragments ancient utensils, utensils, tools, old books and documents, weapons of various wars and much more.
Location: Proskurivska street - 30.
The Historical Museum has another branch, which is located in a century-old building. It contains exhibits that tell about the life and exploits of the Proskurov underground during the Great Patriotic War.
Location: Shevchenko street - 3/1.
This museum is interesting for its exhibits, of which there are as many as sixty thousand. These are hoards of medieval coins, jewelry of Kievan Rus, and a collection of nineteenth-century porcelain, as well as unique examples of antique furniture and utensils.
Location: Podolskaya street - 12.
This museum is located in a beautiful building built in 1903. It is an exhibit in itself. It contains eight thousand works of art written by many modern masters, including the artist G. Vereisky.
Location: Proskurovskaya street - 47.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Proskurov merchant N. Wasserman built in Khmelnitsky, then still Proskurov, a beautiful Art Nouveau building with original plastic facades, wrought iron balconies and colored walls decorated with smalt glass. By doing this, he made a huge gift to the townspeople, since today, in addition to the existing Continental Hotel, there is also a museum-studio of photography. The director of this museum, who is also a photographer K. Zhdanov, has collected one and a half thousandth collection of exhibits showing the development of photographic art throughout the twentieth century.
Location: Proskurovskaya street - 56.
For those who decide to visit Khmelnytsky with their children, it would be useful to look into the Planeta children's cinema, which has been operating since 1987. It is interesting because it is located in the building of the former fire department.
The locals simply call it "kalancha" because the cinema has a high observation tower. This attraction was built in 1954 by architect I. Chekirdi.
Location: Podolskaya street - 39.
After walking around the museums and getting to know the history and culture of the city closer, you definitely need to visit the holy places of Khmelnitsky. The oldest of them is the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin.
It was erected on the site of the very first city wooden church, which the townspeople built on their own in the seventeenth century. She burned down in a disastrous fire that overtook Khmelnitsky in 1822. And on this site, according to the project of an unknown, but very talented master, a temple was erected, which has survived to this day in its original form.
Location: Vaiser street - 15.
Other iconic places in Khmelnitsky
At first glance, the city of Khmelnitsky may seem gray and uninteresting, but this is not at all the case. You just need to know where and what to see, so it’s better to go there, having prepared in advance and making your own route.
In addition to the above places, it is advisable to see other attractions. For example, the Church of St. George, the Intercession Cathedral, the Synagogue of artisans, the Monument to the Afghans, the Botanical Garden of the Khmelnytsky National University, the Diven Puppet Theater, the Arboretum, the Water Park, Pioneer Square.
And also in the Khmelnitsky region you can visit such interesting places as the Medzhybizh Castle, the Ostrozhsky Castle in Starokonstantinov, the Chechel Manor, the Palace and Park Ensemble in the village of Samchiki and many others.
Khmelnitsky (Ukrainian Khmelnitsky) - Big City in Western Ukraine, the administrative center of the Khmelnitsky region. Located on the river Southern Bug. The area of the city is 122 km². The population of the Khmelnitsky agglomeration is more than 600,000 people. National composition: Ukrainians - 82%, Russians - 7%, Poles - 9%, Jews - 1%, Belarusians -1%. Until 1941 it was a regional small town. In the post-Soviet period, the city grew and developed rapidly, new houses, streets, districts, schools, hospitals, etc. were being built. The improvement in the city is very good, and in 2013 it took the 3rd place in the comfort rating, losing only to Lviv and Kyiv and overtaking the old rival, the city of Vinnitsa. Khmelnitsky is the center of the agro-industrial Khmelnitsky region, in which quite a lot of industries are concentrated and Agriculture. Now the city ranks second in terms of scale in Western Ukraine, second only to Lviv. In Khmelnitsky and the region there are places to go and go to nature, the city has a huge number of cafes and restaurants of any taste, there are preserved sights and recreational recreation areas. Both in the region and in the suburbs there are many temples, fortresses, palaces, castles, churches that will greatly delight tourists. In the course of decentralization, none of the villages wanted to be part of the city of Khmelnitsky, except for the village of Shumovtsy, and Sharovechka, which is already a microdistrict of the city, was in question. The city has many attractions and museums. The famous psychic and healer Kashpirovsky A. M. and the famous actor of the USSR Volkov V. D. were born in the city.
Until 1954 it was called Proskurov.
Renamed Khmelnitsky to commemorate the 300th anniversary of the reunification of Ukraine with Russia, in honor of Bogdan Khmelnitsky.
In September 2016, the boundaries of the city changed significantly, in particular, the lands of Oleshinsky, Lesovo-Grynovetsky, Davydkovskaya, Kopystinskaya, Shumovskaya, Ruzhichanskaya, Rozshostskaya, Sharotseka and Gruzevetska rural councils were annexed (the current Chernoostrovskaya, Lesno-Grinevetskaya, Kopystinskaya, Rossshostskaya territorial communities) With. Sharovechka became part of the city. The area of the city increased by 50 km², the population increased by 2137 inhabitants (Sharovechka village).
Population at the end of 2016 - 304,100 people. (P.S.: the permanent population of the city and the population of the visitor, who mostly works in the Clothing and other markets of the city, which are permanently located in the city, but are registered in other cities).
Administrative division:
It is divided into 7 districts: Ozersky, Pribugsky, Central, Grechansky, South-Western, Dubovsky, Rakovsky. These districts, in turn, include microdistricts, localities, towns, villages, low-rise building areas, cottage villages, etc.
Link to city website.
