What is the center of the subject of the Russian Federation. Administrative centers of subjects of the Russian Federation. Cities of federal significance

By shape state structure states are divided into two types: unitary and federal.

A federal state is a single union state that includes several state entities (subjects of the federation) that have a certain political independence.

The historical features of our state (territorial extent, a large number of nationalities, different levels of development and economic specialization of regions) have made necessary appeal in modern conditions to the model of a union state with independent territorial and political entities within it. Therefore, the state structure of the Russian Federation is characterized by the presence of federal ties between its subjects that arose on the basis of the Federal Treaty and the Constitution of the Russian Federation at the same time. For this reason, Russia is constitutional-treaty federation.

The Russian Federation includes several types of subjects:

• republics;
• Autonomous region;
• autonomous okrugs: territories and regions;
• cities of federal significance - Moscow and St. Petersburg.

This creates a special legal regime in the relationship both between the center and the subjects, and between individual subjects. For example, autonomous okrugs are simultaneously both part of the territory, region, and directly to the Federation. In accordance with the Federal Treaty, or rather its three parts, on the delimitation of powers between the federal state authorities and the authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. all subjects of the Russian Federation are combined into three groups based on the commonality of the legal status and scope of powers transferred to the subject of the Russian Federation, these are:

Republic, named in the states and having the greatest amount of authority in their jurisdiction: the constitution and the highest bodies of state power, as well as the name of one of the nationalities inhabiting its territory, but, as a rule, not constituting the majority of the population; almost all republics have concluded additional bilateral agreements with the Federation, which significantly distinguishes their position from other subjects of the Russian Federation;

Autonomous Entities - Autonomous Oblast and Autonomous Okrugs, representing national-territorial formations; unlike the territories and regions, they can independently develop a project federal law about their legal status and propose it to the Federal Assembly, they also have a name by the name of one or two nationalities or ethnic groups living in their territory natively;

Territories, regions and cities of federal significance - and St. Petersburg, which are administrative-territorial entities, in the formation of which the national principle of separating their territory was not taken into account; in the environment of this type of subjects, the processes of concluding bilateral agreements on the delimitation of powers between the federal authorities and the authorities of the subject are currently actively unfolding, which indicates a gradual convergence of their status with other types of subjects.

The federal structure of Russia is built not only on the principles of the national-territorial structure developed by the practice of state building over the past 100 years, but also on the principles that express the conceptual position of the creators of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and their ideas about the method of territorial organization of state power in Russia.

The following can be distinguished Federation principles:

• national-territorial principle devices of the Federation (a combination of national and territorial foundations of its structural organization), inherited from the past development of Russia as the Republic of the USSR;
• principle of free regional development subjects of the Russian Federation, based on the Federal Treaty of 1992 and bilateral agreements on the delimitation of powers between the central state authorities and state authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation;
• principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples(of the population of the subject), enclosing the danger complete separation and separation of the subject from Russia, as self-determination of peoples. inhabiting certain territory associated with the creation of an independent state;
• the principle of equality of identical subjects of the Russian Federation, reflecting the unequal position of the three types of subjects of the Russian Federation;
• the principle of mutual assistance of peoples, their all-round cooperation among themselves.

Thus, federal structure of Russia- this is a constitutional and legal institution, the norms of which determine the form of government, the types of subjects of the Russian Federation, the distribution of competence between the subjects and the Federation, the foundations of relations between the subjects of the Russian Federation.

Russia is a multinational country with a rich history. On the territory of our country there are many nationalities that have their own traditions and their own language. In Russia, there are several types of subjects: republics, regions, territories, autonomous districts, autonomous regions, cities of federal significance. Let's see how many subjects in the Russian Federation are in total and whether this value can change.

Subjects of the Russian Federation

The Russian Federation includes 85 subjects:

A detailed list can be viewed, for example, on the website of the state authorities of the Russian Federation. The number of subjects may change over time. This is due to a change in the population and economic opportunities of the territories identified as a separate entity.

So, on March 14, 2014, a new subject, the Republic of Crimea, became part of the Russian Federation and appeared new town federal significance - Sevastopol. Thus, today the number of subjects in the Russian Federation is 85. Before that, there were 83 subjects in the Russian Federation, legally fixed since 2003.

Depending on the value, each of the subjects has certain characteristics. For example, a republic has the status of a country within a country and has its own constitution, as well as legislative and executive bodies. Regions, territories, cities of federal significance have their own regional legislatures. All laws adopted by the subjects of the Russian Federation must not contradict the constitution of the country and federal laws.

How are the subjects different from each other?

85 subjects of the Russian Federation differ from each other in the following indicators:

• population size and density;
• size of territories;
• National composition.

Each of the selected indicators is not absolute and changes over time. The dynamics of migration and the economic well-being of the subject are partially reflected by population censuses.

We live in the world. Therefore, everyone needs to know its administrative structure. Russia is a federation. Therefore, it consists of equal parts. And the list of subjects of the Russian Federation will be presented below in the order in which they are indicated in the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Story

Our country is the assignee With a few exceptions, the former names of cities and regions have been preserved. However, the administrative structure has changed. There were subjects with new statuses. Each of them has its own administrative center. The capitals of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the list of which we will give, will also be indicated.

Until 2014, Russia included 83 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The list and names of the latter have changed several times. To date, there are already eighty-five. The Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol joined us.

These subjects of the Russian Federation were added to the list of 2014. True, the sovereignty of the Russian Federation over them has not yet been recognized by all countries of the world. And in the adoption of the Constitution, our country was divided into eighty-nine subjects. Then the so-called liquidation of national autonomies began. It lasted from 2003 to 2007. During this time, six autonomous okrugs were abolished.

General provisions

So, our country is divided into 85 subjects - administrative-territorial units. Their names, status and rights are enshrined in Article 65. Subjects can adopt their own laws and other legal acts, but they should not contradict federal ones. Also, administrative-territorial units are allowed to have their own constitutions and charters. The latter - depending on the legal status of the region.

Only a republic can have its own constitution. All other regions adopt charters. In general, there are several types of subjects in the Russian Federation. These are the republics already mentioned above, there are twenty-two of them.

In addition, our country includes forty-six regions, nine territories, four autonomous districts, three federal cities (St. Petersburg, Sevastopol and Moscow) and one autonomous region. Moreover, regardless of the status of the subject, all regions are equal and cannot secede from the Russian Federation on their own initiative. Law No. 6-FKZ allows the entry of new territories into the Russian Federation. This will create new entities. The basis for joining the Russian Federation may be the will of the peoples living in the new territories. In addition, our country is also divided into eight federal districts. Each of them combines several subjects. However, the federal district does not have the status of an administrative-territorial unit.

Cities of federal significance

There are three such regions in our country. The list of subjects of the Russian Federation is presented below: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sevastopol.

Autonomous regions

On the territory of the Russian Federation there is only one region with this status. This is Her Jewish capital - the city of Birobidzhan.

Autonomous regions

List of subjects of the Russian Federation with this status: Khanty-Mansiysk (Yugra), Nenets, Chukotka, Yamalo-Nenets. Their administrative centers are respectively: Khanty-Mansiysk, Naryan-Mar, Anadyr, Salekhard.

Republic

The following subjects of the Russian Federation with such status are included:

The edges

Regions with a similar status are included, below is a list of subjects of the Russian Federation.

Areas

The structure of Russia includes the following subjects of the Russian Federation with such a status.

So, our country is a federation. And all its administrative-territorial units - subjects of the Russian Federation - are equal. Today there are eighty-five of them.

Hello dear colleague! For effective participation in tenders (public procurement), it is necessary to narrow the search for information about ongoing tenders to a specific region or region.

Why should this be done? Firstly, in a unified information system ( www.zakupki.gov.ru) information is provided on ongoing auctions for all subjects of the Russian Federation and tracking the emergence of new data for all regions is a time-consuming and useless task; Secondly, you need to take into account your capabilities (capabilities of the company) to fulfill contractual obligations in the event of your victory. Suppose your company is located in Moscow, and the Customer is in the Sakhalin Region, you yourself understand that these are additional transportation costs, travel expenses, etc. Third, the Customers themselves are rather skeptical towards procurement participants (suppliers) from other regions and are doing everything possible so that the contract goes to “their own”. Therefore, you need to clearly define for yourself where you will participate and not waste your time and energy on processing all the rest of the information.

Below I have given data on the federal districts and their constituent entities of the Russian Federation. I hope this information will be useful to you, because. this is the main navigation tool for finding information in the unified information system (UIS).

I. Central Federal District (administrative center - Moscow)

1. Belgorod region

2. Bryansk region

3. Vladimir region

4. Voronezh region

5. Ivanovo region

6. Kaluga region

7. Kostroma region

8. Kursk region

9. Lipetsk region

10. Moscow region

11. Oryol region

12. Ryazan region

13. Smolensk region

14. Tambov region

15. Tver region

16. Tula region

17. Yaroslavl region

18. City of federal significance Moscow

II. Southern Federal District (administrative center - Rostov-on-Don)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Adygea

2. Republic of Kalmykia

3. Krasnodar region

4. Astrakhan region

5. Volgograd region

6. Rostov region

III. Northwestern Federal District (administrative center - St. Petersburg)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Karelia

2. Komi Republic

3. Arkhangelsk region

4. Vologda region

5. Kaliningrad region

6. Leningrad region

7. Murmansk region

8. Novgorod region

9. Pskov region

10. City of federal significance St. Petersburg

11. Nenets Autonomous Okrug

IV. Far Eastern Federal District (administrative center - Khabarovsk)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

2. Kamchatka

3. Primorsky Territory

4. Khabarovsk Territory

5. Amur Region

6. Magadan region

7. Sakhalin region

8. Jewish Autonomous Region

9. Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

V. Siberian Federal District (administrative center - Novosibirsk)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Altai

2. Republic of Buryatia

3. Republic of Tyva

4. Republic of Khakassia

5. Altai Territory

6. Trans-Baikal Territory

7. Krasnoyarsk region

8. Irkutsk region

9. Kemerovo region

10. Novosibirsk region

11. Omsk region

12. Tomsk region

VI. Ural Federal District (administrative center - Yekaterinburg)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Kurgan region

2. Sverdlovsk region

3. Tyumen region

4. Chelyabinsk region

5. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra

6. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

VII. Privolzhsky Federal District (administrative center - Nizhny Novgorod)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Bashkortostan

2. Republic of Mari El

3. Republic of Mordovia

4. Republic of Tatarstan

5. Udmurt Republic

6. Chuvash Republic

7. Kirov region

8. Nizhny Novgorod region

9. Orenburg region

10. Penza region

11. Perm region

12. Samara region

13. Saratov region

14. Ulyanovsk region

VIII. North Caucasian Federal District (administrative center - Pyatigorsk)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Dagestan

2. Republic of Ingushetia

3. Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

4. Karachay-Cherkess Republic

5. Republic of North Ossetia - Alania

6. Chechen Republic

7. Stavropol Territory

IX. Crimean Federal District (administrative center - Simferopol)

List of entities included in the district:

1. Republic of Crimea

2. City of federal significance Sevastopol