Abnormal constructions with a preposition. Upon arrival or arrival On the insidiousness of cases

Do I need to separate "on arrival in Malta" with commas in the following sentence: To determine the level of knowledge and select the appropriate group, upon arrival in Malta, we, together with the GV-Malta Language School, test the level of English proficiency of your child.

Separation is not required: To determine the level of knowledge and select the appropriate group upon arrival in Malta, we, together with the language school ...


	Question #297336

Is the entry in the document correct (wording and punctuation): "Arrival mark: arrived 12/13/2007"

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Such an option is possible.

Please tell me, is the control of the preposition "by" in the meaning of "completion of the action" still with the prepositional case? I mean, "at the end", "on arrival", etc. It's just that many fairly literate people use "on arrival", "on arrival". Isn't it correct "on arrival", on "on arrival"? Or maybe it's right - "upon arrival", "upon arrival" .... Thank you!!!

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

If an excuse By is used to denote an action, an event after which something is done, happens, etc., then it is still used with nouns in the prepositional case: at the end, upon arrival, upon arrival, upon arrival. The other options are incorrect.


	Question #282568

Hello!
Position - Manager of the company. Paul is a woman. Is the phrase allowed in the official document and is it correct:
"The manager who arrived ordered .......".
Thank you.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

The masculine form ( manager) in relation to a woman is used in cases where, in the context, a message about the position is put forward in the first place, regardless of the gender of the person (usually in a strict official business speech). In everyday written and even more so oral speech, the feminine form should be used. Please note that the correct combination is: company manager (manager).
In this case, it is better to restructure the sentence and use the female job title: Upon arrival, the manager ordered...


	Question #281965

Today I listened to the program on "Echo of Moscow" and I was somewhat embarrassed
the statement of the hosts that it is correct to pronounce not upon arrival, but upon arrival ...
Such a pronunciation somehow hurts my ear .... On your site, the correctness of the leading words is affirmed ....
And how then will it be correct: on the bridge or on the bridge? Or is it a different rule...

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

These are different constructions and different meanings of the preposition. Pretext By is used with a prepositional case when indicating an action, an event after which something happens: upon completion, upon arrival, upon departure, upon arrival. When designating a space, a place on the surface of which any movement occurs, the preposition By used with the dative case: along the street, along the river, along the mountain, along the bridge, along the avenue.


	Question #279229

Hello!
To question number 271531...
"Upon arrival at the climbing wall..." or "Upon arrival at the climbing wall..."?
Thank you.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

That's right: upon arrival at the climbing wall.


	Question #278395

Good afternoon, which would be correct - "on arrival in the city" or "on arrival in the city"?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

After arrival - upon arrival.


	Question #274944

Good afternoon Correct spelling: upon arrival or upon arrival, upon expiration or upon expiration?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

In the meaning of "after" is true: on arrival , after the deadline.


	Question #262552

Good afternoon
Please tell me how it is correct: I am sending flight information with data on arrival or arrival
Thank you in advance!

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Right: with arrival details.


	Question #260679

how to write correctly: on the first day after arrival or on the first day after arrival?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Right: on the first day upon arrival.


	Question #259452

Is it correct to write "upon arrival" if you mean not "upon arrival", but "upon arrival?"
For example: Upon the arrival of the authorities, the employees realized that the company had problems.

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

In this case on arrival Right.


	Question #248608

As it is correct, upon return or upon return,
on arrival or on arrival

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Right: upon return, upon arrival. Pretext By in the meaning of "after something" is used with the prepositional case.


	Question #247811

How to:
"on arrival in the city" or "on arrival";
"on arrival at the station" or "on arrival at the station"?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

In the meaning of "after something": upon arrival upon arrival.


	Question #238882

Good afternoon. Please tell me which is correct: upon the arrival of the train or upon the arrival of the train, and why?

The answer of the reference service of the Russian language

Right: upon the arrival of the train. Pretext By in the meaning of "after something" is used with the prepositional case: upon completion, upon arrival, upon arrival, upon return etc.

In noun forms, the preposition po can be used, which forms both the dative and prepositional cases. Compare:

go for what? across the field - dative case,

to meet at the end of the holidays - prepositional case.

By analogy with the dative form in speech, it is often said ‘upon arrival’, which is erroneous.

The word form of the prepositional case of the noun upon arrival is morphologically correct.

Upon arrival from Moscow, I came to grips with my creative workshop.

Such a rule of the Russian language that if the meaning of the expression is after some event, then the ending is put, as if instead of the preposition on, the preposition on is used, or as if the word suddenly changed its masculine or neuter gender to feminine.

on arrival = after arrival

on arrival = after arrival

on arrival = after arrival

at the end = after the end

after completion = after completion

The correct spelling of this word would be - ON ARRIVAL. The whole point is the case of the word, which can confuse us, and plus there is also a prefix here. It is best to remember this and not to be confused.

Upon arrival.

Here the preposition by is used not with the Dative case, as in most cases (for example: according to the horoscope, in essence, etc.), but with the Prepositional (for what?) and therefore the ending -E is written.

In this case, ‘upon arrival’ is a denominative preposition, i.e. a preposition formed from a noun. And it is always written the same way: ‘upon arrival’. The spelling of derivative prepositions just needs to be remembered, there is no special rule for writing them.

An unmistakable variant of the use of the noun ‘arrival’ with the preposition ‘on’ will be the variation ‘on _ upon arrival’. The indication of the ending ‘e’ is interconnected with the meaning of the case in which the noun is used. In our case, it is explicit

The word ON ARRIVAL is written with the letter E at the end.

“After arrival”, “upon completion”, “upon arrival”: the preposition “by” in the meaning of “after”

This is a rare case when the preposition PO is used with the prepositional case of a noun. Some other words are written in the same way: at the end, at the end, upon arrival, etc.

There are only two spelling options, well, it’s really difficult to confuse. Usually, nouns with the dative case and the preposition 'by' end in 'y', and with the prepositional case, you already need to write the letter 'e'. Proceeding from this rule and push off.

This is a fairly common question in Russian, although the answer, as it will be right, is very simple, it's all about the case.

Here the word is used in the dative case, since there is a preposition ON and therefore it will be correct ON ARRIVAL.

Similar questions about the correct ending are asked very often in the words below, look, remember and do not make mistakes!

SUCCESS STORY OF OUR PARTNERS:

Sergey, Tomsk:

"I have been cooperating with Osnova since 2011. What was important when choosing a supplier: cost, quality, timing. It was also important for me to work with a well-known company that has been on the market for a long time. It is very important for clients. It's great to work with a company that which develops, because I develop along with it.

Well, just as significant and revealing aspect is the solution of difficult situations that arise in any business. In this regard, Osnova is a reliable partner that will always help."

Alexander, Mr.

upon arrival

Lesosibirsk:

"I started working with Osnova in 2012. I was looking for a new direction of activity, something different from others. The sale and installation of screw piles seemed to me an ideal option. It all started with small orders for 1 house per month. Now I mount piles on 3-4 houses per month. I also provide my clients with various additional services. It is important for my clients that I install the piles of the Osnova company, and not some welder from the garage. "Osnova" is a guarantee of quality and reliability."

Mikhail, Khabarovsk:

"It was important for my company to work with a decent and reliable supplier. In 2011, we began cooperation with the Osnova company. I consider our cooperation fruitful and mutually beneficial. We help each other develop. It seems to many that it is easy and simple to make a screw pile. From part is true. But only to manufacture it at a consistently high level for 5 years - there are only a few such companies. Moreover, at the same time, develop, improve service and quality. The Osnova company keeps up with the times. "

Dmitry, Abakan:

"The guys work very smoothly and quickly. I sent an application, paid, in a day the piles were already in Abakan. There were different companies that offered me to buy piles from them, leave Osnova, they gave low prices. Well, where are they now? They worked for a year and closed. We have been working with Osnova since 2011 and everything is fine. Good business and personal relations have been built. We will continue to work."

Where to stay upon arrival in St. Petersburg?

St. Petersburg is today the second largest and most important city in our country. A lot of people come here, every day and from different places. Someone goes to see the sights and visit the famous art galleries, museums, theaters. Others come to the city with a purely business visit, for example, to conclude a contract or discuss the details of cooperation. Many receive higher education here on a part-time basis, since they themselves live in another city and do not have the opportunity to move to St. Petersburg, but there is a necessary university here. In the end, there can be a lot of situations, but the bottom line is that all visitors need to stay somewhere. One for a couple of days, and the other for a week.

Not everyone is lucky to have friends or relatives in the city who can be visited at any time and asked for a temporary place of residence. Some do not want to bother their loved ones, because they understand that they will leave early, come late, or there will be a need to constantly work.

How to +

The ideal solution is a hotel, located in a good area and offering adequate rates. If you look at the hotels of St. Petersburg as a whole, it turns out that there are not so many options that are attractive in all respects. Try not to make hasty decisions and plan ahead. For example, if you are going to the city in a month, then already two weeks before the visit, you must have a room booked for a certain period. Do everything in advance and save yourself from a large number of unnecessary and unnecessary problems.

In most cases, inexpensive hotels in St. Petersburg are perfect, because if a person arrives for a short time, and most often he will only spend the night in a room, then he does not need excessive comfort. Of course, provided that you are used to respectable hotels, you can consider such options, but most want to save money on accommodation. Usually a three-star hotel is enough to keep the room always clean, the plumbing worked without failures, there was access to the Internet, and so on. In such conditions, you can live in peace and even work, especially if, in addition to all of the above, there is no noise.

Pay attention to the location of the hotel. If you need to visit a place especially often, then make sure to live nearby. For example, hotels near Inti Progress and other business centers are very popular with business people. Make the right choice!

<Легкое изучение иностранного языка по скайпу Отдых в Анапе>

On arrival.

The habituation of a small cat to a new home usually occurs without any problems. Bengal cats adapt quickly to a new home and soon already behave like in their own territory. But there are few questions that interest many in relation to the newly minted member of the family. We will talk about this now in order to facilitate adaptation between the two sides.

On arrival or upon arrival?

Remember that every baby is an individual, and be alert to their needs and characteristics.

Sometimes a long move can scare a defenseless kitten - all these noises and smells. The kid, most likely, will miss his mother and brothers in the game. Be patient - try to calm and not scare him, stroke him and caress him. Just do not overdo it, give him the opportunity to get comfortable.
In the house for some time you need to (isolate) the kitten from very active children and animals. Do not allow small children to chase a kitten screaming. Explain to them how to behave. As a rule, Bengals get along wonderfully with children and will be happy to play with them. We advise in the early days to limit the baby to a small room, where he will have his own tray and food next to him. This will give the baby time to learn and examine new environment, eat and find your tray without difficulty. This advice is very relevant, for those who already have animals at home, they may not like the fact that a “stranger” eats from their bowl and goes to their tray. Having brought a kitten home, if you let the baby run freely in the house, he may not find his way to his litter box. Keep him not far from where he sleeps, be near him for the first two days, take him for walks around the dwelling until he explores the entire local territory. A novice Bengal can show interest in other pets by playing through the crack in the door - this is a wonderful opportunity to gradually learn it with the locals.
Another way to accustom a kitten to pets you already have is to put the newbie in a safe carrier and place it in a room with other pets. Let them sniff and familiarize themselves. Of course, expect mutual hissing and snarling, usually from the cat in whose territory the invasion has taken place, but this can hardly last more than two days. Bengals are difficult to intimidate, usually they get used to it relatively quickly.

Kitten feeding.

Bengal cats eat everything that ordinary cats do. But it’s better if the little kitten eats high-quality dry food (super premium) from high-quality meat. In order for the cat's teeth to be clean, dry food must be included in the diet. Do not throw food off the table to the kitten, do not give milk no matter how he asks for it, digestion may be disturbed, and he may have an upset.
In general, ask the breeder what the kitten was fed on, and you don’t need to change the feeding ration all the more quickly, and at your discretion.
A kitten can eat special food for small kittens up to 12 months, unless you notice that your baby is not starting to recover quickly. If you see that the kitten is recovering quickly and becomes fat, transfer it to adult food.
Poor quality feed contains a huge amount of nutritional supplements, in this regard, the kitten must eat a large amount of food to be full. This is very dangerous, as there may be constipation of the stomach. But if you feed a kitten with high-quality food, his stool will not be liquid, and you will not have problems with waste.
Breeders supplement Bengal kittens with lean beef in their diet. Indeed, lean bright red meat, you can chop off beef, namely the heart, as a rule, Bengals are great and like it.
If you feed raw meat, you need to be very careful. Do not keep the meat at home temperature for a long time and if the kitten does not start eating within 15-20 minutes. take it. Never feed your Bengal raw pork or chicken.

cat tray

Mommy - the cat will teach the kittens to go to the tray, so by the time you move to your home, your cat will already be taught to go to the tray. Keep in mind that in a house that is not familiar to him, the baby may not find a place on his own. Look at your house with the eyes of a baby, and if your house has many floors and rooms. A small new inhabitant can simply get lost in the maze of houses, doors and stairs. One of the main reasons to keep your baby in a small space at first. Gradually, he will get used to your house and this need will soon disappear for you. The best option is if your house has two or more floors, it is desirable to put trays on everyone.
Suddenly, if a Bengal kitten does not use the tray, it cannot be punished. You will only arouse antipathy towards you in relation to yourself, and he will begin to avoid you. Try to find out the cause of the problem and resolve it. be examined by a veterinary clinic to make sure that the kitten does not have urinary tract diseases. Make sure that the place of the tray is in a secluded and visible place for him, where no one will disturb him. Often there is a problem with flavored litter, which is beautiful for a human smell, but its scent cuts for a cat.

Discipline, skills and socialization.

Kittens are like children, they need attention and love, but we must not forget about education. .Bengals are very active animals and need a lot of toys, they can be completely different things such as rolls of paper, pencils, cardboard items, boxes of children's small toys but which do not have small parts that a bengal can swallow in the game.
When playing with a kitten, try not to lay him on his back, this provokes him to self-defense and he may scratch or bite you. Do not allow him to play with fingers and toes, for him it should be taboo, in childhood it is funny, but when the kitten becomes an adult, this can cause irreparable problems. Keep a children's water pistol next to you - indispensable in education.

Especially at a young age, Bengals are very active. They need poles for climbing and jumping: with ladders and a pole - a claw point bought or made on their own from wood,.
Do not think that obedience can be achieved by force: the kitten will win this fight. Do not use a rude attitude towards the Bengal, you will regret it, he will start to avoid you .. Any rudeness will cost you a long distrust.

The Bengal breed is very intelligent and therefore very easy to learn. Be patient when raising a Bengal, but take note that being a cat, the Bengal is selfish and tends to think that everyone should go along with his desires. If you are not satisfied with something in the nature of the cat, look at the current situation and try to evaluate it, to understand the cause of the problem.

We do not advise you to let a Bengal cat out on the street: there is a lot of danger, various diseases that are spread by homeless animals. If you let the cat out into the yard for pastime, he will persistently lie near the door, and wait for the right opportunity to scurry out into the street. As a result, in a couple of weeks or months you will no longer have a pet, but a street cat who has no desire to live at home with people. If you have never allowed your pet to walk on the street, he will feel wonderful in the house, not even realizing that he missed something in life. Take into account that, having taken a walk in freedom, your cat, even a sterilized one, may begin to put “marks”: this will not be promoted by sexual instinct, but by territorial instinct.

E" and "on arrival" are both used and, apparently, the difference is in the interpretation, and not in the frequency of use. Upon arrival, there is also there, and in much larger quantities. By the way, in the 19th century - beds - they said. Upon arrival" (dative case) - "legitimate", but only in meanings that are not related to giving the preposition "on" the meaning "after", and do not require a prepositional case with its ending for this.

Unfortunately, I don’t know the corresponding rule, but it also seems to me that “on arrival” is correct, and “on arrival” also sounds unpleasant to me. Alexandra, not discussed yet! But 90 percent of literate reading people - they say - upon arrival! and that's okay.

About the insidiousness of cases

Arrival - 2nd declension. po is a preposition of the dative case. The dative case expresses the application of such an “other action” to the designated action itself (arrival). Upon the arrival of our potential partners (or the arrival of aliens), expected in a week, a meeting of the preparatory committee will take place today.

Here the preposition PO is involved in the management of the prepositional, not the dative case. In this case, the circumstantial variety of P.p. is used. with the value of a certain period of time (upon arrival is after arrival). Those. later variants are just forms in -y. I'm not sure that in the morning - the same case as upon arrival - upon arrival.

Arrival at Hurghada or Sharm El Sheikh airport for departure

On the websites of airports they write: "Control on departure and arrival." You are confusing two different things: declension of a noun in cases and word formation of adverbs. Here's what! In contrast to "I'll tell you when I arrive" (which talks about the action after the case), "I'll tell you when I arrive" talks about the starting point of the action.

The difference in the endings corresponds to two prepositional cases: “-u / u” is the second prepositional. Mathematically - there is a difference, but in the language - when there is, and when not, depends on the context and is not expressed only by the phrase under discussion. Your information on arrival / arrival to the pair on / off.

This is a powerful nonsense - two prepositional cases!? There is no such thing as one case being divided into itself in two parts. Even the Nominative case has a ‘division’, and so does the Vocal. All cases have rules of formation, and if there are exceptions, then these are also rules ...

Which is correct: on completion or on completion?

In any case, it is important for us here that there are two prepositional ones, each with its own ending, and “arrival” in our expression can be used in any of them, and in the same meaning. In addition, a conversation was started that few people see the difference, but, on the contrary, there are people who claim that “upon arrival” is wrong. In total, there are 8 cases in Russian. That's just it, that there are only eight ways in the Russian language. The participle is NOT agreed with the word to which it should semantically obey, in gender, number and case.

Upon their arrival, it will become clear whether the preparatory measures have been successful and whether our competitor has dealt a blow to their arrival with his intrigues. Cases also differ on the question: when - P.p. and for what (in accordance with what) - D.p. The prepositional case is obligatory, as it excludes the unnecessary directionality of the dative case.

When I come to the village, many people there still miss the city. They also have a meaning: “after the offensive”, but D.p. froze in them. It is also customary to speak by sunrise, by sunset. Is there a dog buried in this? So it turns out that some people in colloquial speech confuse and use for nouns instead of the ending -e the suffix -y from adverbs.

Indeed, adverbs can be motivated by nouns, and then their ending turns into a suffix - but this suffix-ending also SHOULD BE EXPLAINED. It is not even clear what the meaning of this title is. Upon arrival, the passport must be stamped. As the projectile takes off, the stopper rises up under the action of the cocking spring ... This is P.p. with the meaning "after".

Therefore, the form "on arrival and departure", as the most familiar, is beginning to be applied in all cases. It's wrong to say and write like that. It will be correct like this: “tickets are sold upon the arrival of the train”, “after graduating from the university, he got a job at the factory”, “at the end of the conference, a film was shown”.

So, if you type a combination at the end in the search engine of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, then out of 50 examples issued by the program, only in three (!) Cases is the use of “at the end” justified.

Flight, transfer and hotel check-in

As the reference and information portal "Russian Language" informs, the preposition "by" in the meaning of "after" is used with nouns in the form of a prepositional case. If the word is used in the dative case (to whom, to what?), then the option is chosen incorrectly. You can ask your friends if they feel the shade of non-inclusion of the reference point in the “upon arrival” option (or is it the other way around for you?

In a sense, you are right. These are still different cases, but since they are very close, in the Russian language they were called that way. Sometimes they specify - prepositional explanatory and local. In general, there are a lot of case systems in the RL - in addition to the school 7-case.

Representatives of TEZ TOUR at departure airports

Therefore, to raise each such exception to the rank of case is incorrect. It remains to formulate the very rule that unites “hungry wolves howl in the forest, we should beware of them” and “pour a little gunpowder on the shelf, we will set the heat on these wolves.” So? If anything, in a simple (very simple) way, cases are the endings of words, thanks to which we connect them into phrases and sentences.

We called six teachers of the Russian language and they also divided into equal camps! Currently, the preposition PO is less and less used to form P.p., for example: miss you. Previously, they also said "missing the city." Please comment on the form of adverbs in the morning and in the evening. Perhaps these are obsolete words and combinations? But they are beautiful and expressive. The use of the preposition PO with the dative case gradually replaces the use of PO with the prepositional case.

These same interpretations (what is meant in the first and second cases) I would like to consider. And out of 30 cases of using the combination upon arrival, recorded in the same place, we see the correct spelling in only one (!) Case. Not certainly in that way. Exceptions in case endings are rare and are caused by special, quite understandable circumstances.

We continue to explore the levels of the language system, building on the book. Today we will talk about prepositions. To successfully pass the exam, the topic of prepositions must be worked out very carefully. In this lesson we will talk about morphology and the use of prepositions.

Lesson 15. Morphology (grammatical meaning) and comments. How to distinguish a derivative preposition from a homonymous independent part of speech in a sentence. Grammar and stylistic features of the use of prepositions according to, thanks to, according to, contrary to, towards, like, contrary to, in addition to, except for, along with.

I. A preposition is a service (non-significant) part of speech that expresses in a sentence the logical and grammatical relations between nouns (as well as pronouns-nouns, adjectives that have turned into nouns), which prepositions belong to, and words of other parts of speech (most often verbs), for example: shot because of corner, missing during months to do contrary to uh, bored By brand new. The grammatical role of prepositions is to clarify and supplement the meanings of indirect cases.

Morphological analysis of the preposition.

Origin of the preposition (non-derivatives and derivatives)
Structural structure (simple, double, compound)

Comments on morphological analysis:

1. Non-derivative prepositions were not formed from any other part of speech. These are prepositions in, under, without, etc., for example: walk V forest, grass under mountain, stay without penny(What is the name of the last phrase?). A variety of non-derivative prepositions are double prepositions: from behind, from under, over and others, for example: go out because of corner, peek from under canopy, wade over an abyss. Derivative prepositions originated from independent parts of speech by the loss of their lexical meaning and morphological features by the latter. Derivative prepositions were formed:

1) from adverbs ( near, past, above etc.): be near home, go past school, put on a coat over costume;
2) from nouns ( as a result of, in consequence, by etc.): get sick due to fail, don't learn in continuation months, guess through computing;
3) from gerunds ( thanks to, including, in spite of, on the basis of etc.): get well thanks to doctor, all including Sasha came to the lesson, go for a walk despite rain, act based conditions.

Exercise. Read the sentence, where constructions with prepositions, participles, repeated words and verbal nouns are heaped up. Think about how you can express the idea contained in the sentence in a shorter way.

As the premises become clogged, employees who are late at their workplaces after work due to employment are requested to clean up their workplaces and ensure that they are properly tidy.

2. From the point of view of structure, prepositions are divided into:

1) simple, consisting of one part (both non-derivative and derivative): in, over, between, way, among etc.;
2) double: because of, from under etc.;
3) composite, consisting of two or more parts: in relation to, in relation to, in spite of, in contrast to etc.

IMPORTANT! A derivative preposition may consist of several parts, but it always represents one word, since it participates in the totality of these parts in the logical and grammatical design of the statement.

Additional information, or How to distinguish a derivative preposition from a homonymous independent part of speech in a sentence. To identify a derivative preposition in a sentence and distinguish it from homonymous significant parts of speech, you need to keep in mind the following.

The preposition always belongs to the noun (or the pronoun that replaces it) and specifies the indirect case.
A preposition together with a noun (or a pronoun that replaces it) is included in a phrase, where this noun (or pronoun) acts as a dependent word. At the same time, to clarify the case of a dependent word, a case (grammatical) question is posed to it from the main word, which includes a preposition. A noun with a preposition form a prepositional case combination.
In a sentence, a derived preposition can often be replaced by a synonymous derived or non-derivative preposition, and a noun with a preposition by a synonymous or similar noun with the same preposition.

Here's what the above looks like in practice. Compare offers:

1) due to bad weather (in view of the bad weather) I did not go for a walk.
2) Because of (in the investigation) there have been shifts in the case.

The first sentence uses a derivative preposition due to with a noun in the genitive case bad weather. This prepositional case combination is included as a dependent component in a phrase with a verb: did not go(because of what?) due to bad weather. Pretext due to can be replaced by a derivative preposition due to or non-derivative because of.

The second sentence uses a simple preposition V and a noun in the prepositional case investigation. This noun with a preposition is included as a dependent component in a phrase with a verb: have been outlined(where?, in what?) in consequence ii. It can be replaced by a similar noun, also with the preposition in - in the investigation.

We will see in the future that the identification of compound derivative prepositions in a sentence is directly related to their spelling.

Exercise. Read the paired sentences and decide which parts of speech the underlined words are. To check, make up phrases with questions from main words to dependent ones, and also replace derivative prepositions with non-derivative ones.

The detachment is located near edges. The enemy came very close close.
The grove remained behind. Behind the ravine began at home.
Come to additional classes after lessons. Make it work after.
The child looked surprised around. Around The school had an orchard.
The door was opening inside. Inside there was nothing in the box.
sister got up behind. Masha turned out behind me.
My friend boldly goes towards danger. The car has already left, I went to her towards.
Alexei left. despite to no one. We'll go to the cinema despite great employment.
Thanks to due to the care of the doctors, the patient recovered. The players left the field thanks to their fans for their support.

Exercise. Read the sentences. Some of them are given away by the clerk. Think about how you can save the phrase from unnecessary clutter of words. Write down the modified sentences.

The failures in agriculture went along the lines of the lack of skilled workers.
Due to the lack of fodder on the farm, there was a threat of loss of livestock.
Misha did not want to eat semolina porridge because of its tastelessness.
Despite some shortcomings, the plant managed to cope with the task as a whole.
Ignoring the order of the rector and the safety rules, student Yashin, due to lack of time, used the exit from the institute not through the door, but through the window.
Due to the repair of the railway track, which stretched over time due to weather conditions, the train on the route between Moscow and Klin was late in relation to the schedule.
Thanks to the mass of new impressions, Sasha, returning home at the end of classes, quickly fell asleep.
In December, the institute planned to invite foreign students to a farewell ball due to their departure to their places of permanent residence.
Currently, schools are developing the transfer of students to a new program in connection with the introduction of a single exam in the dominant number of subjects.
In order to avoid overstocking of the premises, it is necessary to take out unnecessary things from the warehouse.

II. Sometimes, when choosing a preposition, one should take into account the shades of meaning inherent in it in order to prevent stylistic and grammatical errors.

1. As a rule, a preposition By used with nouns in the dative case, for example: walks b (where?, why?) down the street, grieve(About whom?) by mother. However, in the meaning of "after something" the preposition By used with prepositional case, For example: settle down upon arrival And into place(after arrival at the place), after the expiration And deadline for reporting progress(after expiration). Upon arrival e (after arrival) I went to the village to visit my relatives.

2. After the preposition By pronouns how many, several, so many and adverbs a lot, a little are used in the dative case, For example: How many apples did each child get? Each child received several (as many, many, small) apples.

Do not confuse pronouns in the dative case that are written with a preposition By separately, and adverbs because the And so far. Pronoun How many is a grammatical numeral, and it can be replaced by a numeral: How many apples did each child get? Each child received seven apples.

Adverb because the can be replaced by an adverbial combination since, it often appears in tandem with an adverb insofar as it is synonymous with an adverb therefore: Since (because) I didn’t know anything, to the extent (that’s why) I didn’t prepare for the exam.

3. Prepositions thanks to, in spite of, in spite of are used with dative case(and not with the parent!), for example: act(whereby?) thanks to your advice to act(according to what?) according to the instructions of a friend, come(in spite of what?) against my will. I am following your instructions.

Exercise. Pretext thanks to used when talking about the reasons that caused a positive result. Find the error in the use of the preposition in the sentence Due to the train derailment, people were injured. How can the proposal be corrected?

4. Adverbial prepositions towards, like, opposite are used with dative(and not with the parent!) case, For example: go(toward who?) towards each other at, rumble(like what?) like thunder at, do(against what?) against the odds am. The son acted contrary to the wishes of the father.

Do not confuse the derived adverbial preposition towards and non-derivative on with accusative noun meeting. Pretext towards requires the dative case of a verb-dependent noun: I walked(toward who?) towards brother.

Noun with preposition to a meeting is included as a dependent word in a phrase with a verb. From this noun, in turn, another noun with a preposition may depend, specifying with whom (or with what) the meeting will take place, for example: I walked(where?, for what?) to a meeting(with whom?) with brother ohm.

Exercise. On what part of speech does the adverb of the place to meet depend in the sentence? I saw my brother and ran towards him.

5. Turnovers with prepositions besides, besides, along with , meaning "together with", must necessarily be controlled by a verb that has another noun with it, otherwise the grammatical connection in the sentence is destroyed, for example:

Exercise. Rewrite the sentences by opening brackets. Find the phrases of the main word and the dependent together with the preposition and mark the main word with a conditional icon.

Vitaly managed to get a good job after (graduating from) the institute.
Thanks to (good weather), the flowers in our garden have finally blossomed.
Upon (completion of) construction, the workers left the facility in perfect order.
For tests, you will need (several) notebooks in a cage and in a ruler.
How many pens should I buy? 6. For (how many) you have not learned your lessons, then you will not go for a walk.
Every time I act in my own way, I go against (the desire) of my father.
Upon (returning) from Rome, my sister talked for a long time about the sights of this city.
Upon (arrival) at the wintering place, the new members of the expedition went out (to) meet the old-timers.
Schoolchildren came (to) a meeting with the participants of the concert.
Being separated from her beloved brother, Masha missed (he) so much.
The movement of trains occurs according to (schedule).

Incorrect use of verbs understand, discuss, prove, note, show, study, find out, describe, explain, expound, emphasize, assert, discuss, suspect with prepositions about / about.

With a prepositional preposition By used in the sense of "after something": upon completion, upon expiration, upon completion, upon presentation of a document, upon arrival, upon arrival, upon return, upon arrival.

With administrative-geographical names, the preposition is used in with accusative and prepositional cases, for example: to the city/city, district/district, region/regions, republic/republic; to Siberia/Siberia, to Belarus/Belarus, to Transcaucasia. Combination to Ukraine/UkraineItalics arose under the influence of the Ukrainian language (cf.: to Poltava region/Poltava region, to Chernihiv region/Chernihiv region) and supported by an expression on the margin.

With the names of mountainous regions, a preposition is used for: in Altai/Altai, in the Caucasus/Caucasus, in the Urals/Urals. But: to Crimea/Crimea.

The choice of a preposition is influenced by the semantics of the control word and the meaning of the whole combination. Wed: went to the station - entered the station, went to the studio - entered the studio.

In expressions at the post office, at the plant, at the factory, at the stadium use of a preposition on is explained by the fact that initially the concepts of "post office", "factory", "factory", "stadium" were not associated with the idea of a room or a building. Combinations used: at the polling station, But: in the police station, in the field camp, But: at the observation post.

The names of educational institutions use the preposition V: at the university, at the institute, at the technical school, at school; with the names of parts of the educational institution - a preposition on: at the Faculty of Philology, at the Romanesque department, a repeat course. Combinations in the classroom, in the audience associated with the usual use of the preposition V when designating a closed space.

When naming vehicles, the preposition is usually used on: by boat, by boat, by train, by tram, by bus, by subway, by plane etc. Use of a preposition V implies being inside the object: slept in the car, sat in the car, dined on the plane, the fish lay in the boat.

Synonymous prepositions By And O with some verbs expressing emotional experiences (mourn, cry, miss, miss, yearn, grieve, etc.). Pretext By in these constructions it is combined with two cases: dative and prepositional. The dative case is usually used with nouns: miss your brother, miss the sea. The prepositional case is used with personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person plural: miss us, miss you(But: ... by them). In the singular form, personal pronouns are combined with the dative case: I miss him, I miss him.

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