Insulation of a soft roof pie. Roof pie under soft tiles - we thoroughly approach the issue of roof insulation and waterproofing. Installation of a roofing pie for a rolled roof

A roofing pie is a layered laying of materials accompanying the covering flooring that fills the space inside the roof rafter skeleton. The design consists of several layers (hence the name), each of which has its own purpose. For example, for water protection, a roofing pie includes waterproofing material, for insulation - a heat insulator. The number of elements and types of materials in the composition of the roofing pie depend on the type of roof - insulated roof or cold, as well as on the type of finish. Let us consider in more detail the structure of the roofing pie for a soft coating.

Roofing pie under a soft roof

The roof is an inseparable part of any building that performs two functions: protective and decorative. Skillfully selected form of the roof and covering material protect the building from bad weather, and in harmony with the facade, they can change the simplest building beyond recognition.

Soft roofing gives the most simple exterior a sophisticated and stylish look.

Today, soft roofing is very popular among developers. This is due to its advantages, the key of which is ideal waterproofing. Thanks to a huge variety of roofing materials, a roof of any shape can be made strong, reliable, durable and attractive.

Soft roofing materials are used to cover both flat and pitched roofs, regardless of the roof area and the complexity of its design.

Soft roofing according to texture, composition of the top layer, shape and color is divided into 3 types:

Each type of soft roof has its pros and cons, so you need to choose based on expediency and common sense. For example, a flat roof is best made from rolled or mastic materials.

Roofing mastics are used as waterproofing, a full-fledged decorative coating and for fastening rolled materials.

The piece tile will look good on the big roofs which are well surveyed from all directions.

Roofs of complex shape are usually covered with soft tiles, which look great from any distance.

Rolled covering materials are the cheapest of all types, and therefore are in demand more often. Especially taking into account the fact that a new generation of roll coatings has recently appeared with an optimal price-quality ratio.

The use of modern rolled materials with an improved composition of a two-layer coating significantly extends the life of the roof and increases its aesthetic performance.

A roofing cake for a soft roof has a more complex structure than for a solid structure. As a result, the longevity of the roof and the house as a whole will depend on the correctness of its installation. For different types soft roofs, roofing pies of various compositions are constructed, taking into account all the factors that affect the operational properties of the roof.

The standard scheme of a roofing pie for a soft roof includes materials for hydro, steam and thermal insulation, a solid sheathing and ventilation gaps to remove condensate

A typical roofing pie structure consists of the following parts:

1. Vapor barrier layer. It is designed to protect the materials of the roofing pie from getting wet due to the penetration of moisture from the interior and the formation of condensate.

   Superdiffusion membranes, three-layer polypropylene and multilayer polyethylene films are used for soft roofing, which reliably protect all layers of the roofing pie

2. Lathing and counter lathing. They increase the strength of the structure and form a ventilation gap, preventing the rafter system from rotting from the resulting condensate.

   Under a soft roof, a continuous sheathing is usually constructed from sheets of waterproof plywood or OSB or from edged boards laid with a gap of 3-5 mm

3. Thermal insulation layer. The main role of this element is to prevent heat loss through the roofing system and create a good sound and noise absorbing barrier.

   For soft roofs, slab or rolled mineral wool insulation is more often used.

4. Waterproofing or diffuse layer. It protects the under-roofing space, residential and utility rooms of the house from atmospheric precipitation.

   Waterproofing membranes and films as part of the roofing pie protect the under-roof space and the house as a whole from the penetration of atmospheric moisture

5. ventilated space. This required element roofing cake, which is responsible for the natural ventilation of the roof, without which the condensate in the under-roof space in a short time can render the entire structure unusable.

   Air circulation in the under-roof space occurs through holes in the cornice overhangs, a gap under the finish coating, due to the presence of a counter-lattice, and a cold triangle space under the ridge element

6. Covering flooring. The finish coating protects the entire roof structure and performs a decorative function - it gives the exterior elegance, solidity, pretentiousness or playfulness. That is, such appearance, as the owner of the house wants to see it.

The roofing cake has wooden components, so it cannot be arranged close to the chimney pipes. Indentation standards are regulated by SNiP 41-01-2003. In this regard, the resulting empty space is filled with mineral wool non-combustible material, and an apron made of laminated or galvanized metal is mounted around the pipes.

The junction zones of chimneys and ventilation pipes are separated from the wooden elements with a layer of non-combustible insulation, and on top they are covered with a sealed apron made of metal or heat-resistant elastic materials

Video: the right roofing cake

Types of roofing cake for a soft roof

Roll and piece soft roofing materials have excellent moisture resistance, flexibility and elasticity, which greatly simplifies installation. But in order for them to perform their functions, you need to arrange an accurate roofing cake that will enhance the advantages of soft flooring and minimize the disadvantages.

Requirements for a roofing pie

Compliance with the advice and recommendations of manufacturers of roofing materials when laying a roofing pie is the key to effective and long-term operation of the roof. The absence of at least one layer, the use of unsuitable or low-quality materials, as well as neglect of the laying rules will lead to roof leaks, wetting of the heat insulator, rotting of wooden and corrosion of metal parts of the truss system.

Therefore, when arranging a soft roof and determining the layers of the pie, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Type of building - residential building, industrial (workshops, warehouses) or utility building.
2. The presence of a heated under-roof space - when constructing a residential attic, the presence of a heat-insulating layer is mandatory, and with it a vapor barrier to protect the insulation from getting wet.
3. Weather conditions in a particular region. For example, in areas of high humidity, an additional waterproof layer is provided.
4. The nature of the use of facilities - in country houses seasonal residence the use of insulation, as a rule, is not practiced.

Roofing cake for roofing from rolled materials

Roll roofing materials are used on roofs with a slope of 0 to 30°. Could it be flat roofs? modern buildings, as well as simple or complex pitched surfaces of private houses. Roll coatings are distinguished by the base (baseless or having a layer of refractory bitumen) and the method of attachment:

Video: fusing roll materials on a roof with a slope of 13–14 °

The composition of the roofing cake soft roll roofing

Roll materials are laid in one or several layers (most often in two) on a base of floor slabs or profiled sheets, depending on which the composition of the roofing cake is formed.

If the base of the roof is reinforced concrete slabs, then a layer of expanded clay (decreasing), a concrete screed and a bituminous primer are added to the composition of the roofing cake

With a base of reinforced concrete slabs, the roofing pie has the following composition:

If professional sheets are the basis, then the roof pie has the following composition:

If necessary, for a built-up roof, the cake on a concrete base is simplified a little:

Features of laying a soft roll roof

Capital preparation of the base will significantly improve the quality of the rolled roof. For this you need:

• monolithic joints of reinforced concrete slabs and level the surface, making it as smooth as possible;
• thoroughly clean the base of profiled sheets from chips, dust, oils and apply a continuous layer of paintwork on the side of the vapor barrier, if this is provided for by the project.

Installation of a soft roof should not be done in wet weather, otherwise it is likely that the rolled materials will swell.

1. Equip a soft roof at an air temperature of -5 to +25 ° C. Most best time- mid-spring, late summer and early autumn.
2. Lay on the base a solid crate made of moisture-resistant OSB and fiberboard, treated with an antiseptic and able to withstand decent loads.
3. The installation of thermal insulation and the device of the screed should be carried out in one shift.
4. When laying rolled materials on a roof with a slope of more than 10%, glue the vapor barrier layer to the base over the entire area. On smaller slopes, the vapor barrier can be laid dry, but with mandatory sizing of the seams.
5. Before starting installation, draw up a diagram of the roofing pie and adhere to it throughout the entire time of work.

The type of base affects the use insulating materials when laying a roofing pie of a rolled roof. When arranging a vapor barrier layer on reinforced concrete slabs, materials based on fiberglass or bituminous polymers are used - Bicroelast, Ecoflex, Linokrom and others. And when laying the vapor barrier on the sheet base, materials are provided that are glued to the upper corrugations of the sheet base - Technoelast EPP, Uniflex UPP and the like.

At the junctions with the walls of the building, parapets, shafts and equipment, the vapor barrier layer must be 30–50 mm higher than the heat-insulating barrier

There are also nuances for installing a heat-insulating layer - when installing a soft roll roof on a galvanized sheet base, the thickness of the heat insulator should be more than half the distance between adjacent ridges of the profiled sheet. In addition, the fastening of the slab insulation layer is carried out separately from the roofing carpet using at least two fasteners under each plate.

A roofing pie for a soft roof on a galvanized sheet base is made so that the thickness of the thermal insulation is more than half the distance between the corrugations of the profiled sheet

Installation of a roofing pie for a rolled roof

Let's figure out how to correctly lay roofing materials using the example of a flat roof:

1. Prepare the base, thoroughly cleaning it of debris and remnants of the old roofing. If necessary, the base is washed and dried well.
2. A solid crate is stuffed onto the prepared base, taking into account the fact that a solid crate made of plywood or particle boards should have 3 mm gaps to ensure ventilation, and from board scraps - 3–5 mm.

   Slabs of solid lathing must be laid with a gap of 3 mm

3. A vapor barrier layer is laid and fixed to the walls of the building with trihedral wooden slats treated with an antiseptic.
4. The lining carpet is mounted and fixed around the perimeter with metal strips (fillets) to cover the joints.
5. The first layer of bituminous coating is applied, an additional layer of hydroprotection is arranged on top of it, on which a second layer of roofing is made.

   Soft roll coating is laid in 2-3 layers, placing special reinforcing materials between them

When laying ready-made roofing systems, such as TN-Roofing Express Solid and similar, the installation scheme changes slightly, and the work itself becomes more expensive. But on the other hand, the roof is more durable and reliable.

"TN-Roofing Express Solid" is intended for roofs on which it is impossible or difficult to perform mechanical fastening of roofing pie materials into a bearing reinforced concrete base

Video: installation of the TN-Roofing Express Solid system

Roofing cake for a roof made of soft tiles

Flexible (bituminous) tiles are mainly used on pitched roofs. The flat variant of covering with soft tiles is practiced extremely rarely - when a sloping roof comes as an addition to a complex pitched one.

Soft tiles are mainly mounted on pitched roofs, and on flat roofs it is used as an addition to the main coating

This miracle material, invented almost 30 years ago, has become widely known due to such qualities:

The composition of the roofing cake for soft tiles

Consider the composition of the pie for a soft tiled coating using the example of Technonikol products, a large domestic manufacturer of rolled roofing materials.

roofing cake underneath soft tiles may consist entirely of TechnoNIKOL products

Layer arrangement from inside to outside:

Features of a roofing cake for flexible tiles

Since soft tiles are completely waterproof and vapor-tight material, for a roof with such a flooring, it is necessary to ensure free and good air circulation throughout the roof. To do this, the necessary ventilation gaps are equipped:

Only the presence of three ventilation gaps will ensure the safety of all layers of the roofing cake and the rafter frame, as well as dryness and comfort in the house.

Video: 5 elements for proper roof ventilation

Installation of a roofing pie under a soft tile

The laying of the cake under the shingles is carried out in the following order:

1. A vapor barrier is laid along the rafters from the inside of the attic, fastening the canvases with a construction stapler, or gluing with adhesive tape.

   Vapor barrier under a soft roof is laid along the rafters from the inside of the attic

2. On the outer side of the roof, between the rafter legs, insulation boards are laid by surprise.

   The heat-insulating layer is laid between the rafters on the outer (street) side of the roof, while the height of the insulation should be less than the width rafter legs in order to form a ventilation gap

3. The insulation is covered with a waterproofing film or membrane, fixing the strips with mounting tape.
4. Stuffed counter-rails for fastening the insulation and providing ventilation.

   After laying the waterproofing layer, a sparse crate is stuffed, which will fix the insulation and provide under-roof ventilation

5. Plywood is laid, and a lining carpet is laid on top of it.

   First, a solid flooring is attached to the crate, and then a lining carpet

6. Mount soft tiles.

   Bituminous tiles are mounted from the eaves to the ridge ridge along a continuous flooring over the lining carpet

All roll materials for soft roofing are mounted with overlaps. Their value is indicated in the instructions from the manufacturer.

Video: soft roof device - from preparing the base to installing shingles

Roofing cake for cold soft roofing

The roof without insulation is left in the case when year-round living in the house is not provided - garden houses, For example. And also when they equip sheds, verandas, gazebos, or an attic room was originally conceived as cold - a wine cellar, a closet for storing conservation and things.

An example of a cold soft roof made of bituminous tiles is uninsulated canopies over the entrance.

Cold attics are sheathed from the inside, equipped with various racks and shelves, or left unlined if the attic is not going to be used at all.

The attic of a cold soft roof can be upholstered with clapboard from the inside

Advantages of a cold attic soft roof:

When arranging a cold attic, attention should be paid to the vapor barrier from the living quarters. Otherwise, moisture, getting from warm zones to cold ones, will settle in the form of condensate on the insulation of the upper floor, rendering it unusable. Ventilation of an uninsulated attic should be adjustable. It comes in three options:

Video: ceiling vapor barrier in a cold attic

The composition of the cold roofing cake

A roof pie with an uninsulated attic space has a simple structure:

Installation of a soft cold roof

Due to the simplicity of the roofing cake and the laying of materials, it is much easier to install a cold roof than a warm one:

On flat roofs, underlayment should be spread over the entire area of ​​the roof.

Roofing cake for insulated soft roofing

The cake for an insulated roof with a soft roof is a little more complicated than for a cold roof. A layer of a heat insulator with an accompanying vapor barrier material has been added to it, which protects the insulation from getting wet.

The device of a roofing pie for an insulated soft roof differs from a “cold” one by the presence of layers of vapor and thermal insulation

The arrangement of the layers is unchanged, we already wrote about them above, so we will consider the installation of a roofing pie for an insulated roof with a soft coating.

The scheme of laying a roofing cake for a warm soft roof

1. From inside the attic, a vapor barrier membrane is fixed to the rafters with a stapler. Lay it from the bottom up parallel to the cornice overhangs, gluing the canvases with adhesive tape.

   The vapor barrier film is fixed with a stapler, and the joints are sealed with adhesive tape

2. On top of the vapor barrier layer, a wooden or metal carcass with a step that is determined by the internal finishing material. In particular, for drywall, the lathing bars should be placed at a distance of 40–60 cm.
3. On the outer side of the roof between the rafters, spacers are installed, designed to strengthen the slab heat insulator. The spacing of the spacers is made 2-3 cm less than the thickness of the plates. This will help to firmly fix the insulation in the created compartments.
4. In the resulting recesses (honeycombs), a slab insulation is laid so that its height is 3–5 cm lower than the rafter legs. Thus, the first ventilation gap is formed.

   Insulation plates should enter the gaps between the rafter joists with tangible resistance

5. Equip roofing products. To do this, an external counter-lattice is stuffed along the rafter legs, forming a second ventilation gap.
6. A continuous flooring made of moisture-resistant materials is mounted on top of the outer counter-lattice, along which an additional waterproof layer (lining carpet) is laid.
7. Lay soft tiles.

   When forming a roofing pie, it is necessary to adhere to the sequence of laying materials and monitor the formation of ventilation gaps

Often in regions with harsh climates standard thickness slab insulation 15–20 cm is not enough. In this case, the heat insulator is laid in two layers, for which, after laying the first layer, the counter rails are stuffed perpendicular to the rafters, an additional layer of insulation is laid, and then the bars are mounted along the rafter legs. These bars will be the basis for attaching a solid crate.

When laying the insulation in two layers across the rafters, additional counters are stuffed from a bar with a section of 50x50 mm

Video: installation of a warm soft roof Tegola

Additional insulating layers of the roofing cake

Additional protective layers are mounted in areas with high humidity and heavy snowfalls. They are equipped in roofing units with an increased load - valleys, pipe passages, drains, ridge ridges, roof overhangs - laying strips of a bitumen-polymer coating or a special self-adhesive waterproofing agent.

On flat roofs, special attention is paid to the protection of internal corners through additional layering of roofing material, priming or patching.

Additional protective insulating layers are laid at the junctions, along the ridge ridge and the passage of the valleys, on the hips and roof overhangs

Video: installation of a roofing pie for pitched roofs

You should not save on the device of a roofing pie. Strict adherence to the technology of installation of a soft roof, the correct sequence when laying layers and the use of high-quality materials will allow the roof of the house to last for a long time without additional financial costs for repairs and maintenance.

Every year, manufacturers of bituminous materials produce more and more new coatings, but at the same time, the roofing cake for a soft roof remains unchanged. The exception is his minor changes depending on the finishing layer used. To date, soft roofs have high waterproofing and elasticity parameters, therefore, working with them is not difficult. In this article, I will write down what the pie should consist of so that the roof does not need expensive repairs in the first year of operation.

Soft roof indicators

The device of a roof from soft products is carried out in several layers. Not only the effectiveness of the protective layer, but also the life of the entire building depends on their location. For example, without a vapor barrier layer, the thermal insulation boards will quickly become saturated with moisture, and you will have to replace them, and this will happen again without eliminating the cause.

To date shingles almost entirely occupies a niche of soft roofs. In fact, this roofing variety is recognized precisely by this product. As a raw material for the production of soft tiles, fiberglass impregnated with a special bituminous compound or rubber is most often used. The protective layer, as a rule, is a mineral dressing.

In addition to shingles, a material called shingles is common in private construction. Its advantages are as follows:

• Increased resistance to aggressive environments. Bituminous materials have the highest possible resistance to moisture and withstand temperatures from -50 to +100 degrees. They never get covered in moss or rot, so they are not attractive to other small rodents either.
• The operating period is about 25 years, which is quite impressive considering the cost of this material. This indicator may be higher if during the installation process the processes proceeded with maximum quality.
• The soft surface is good sound insulation. Its noise-absorbing properties for some developers are the highest priority along with all the positive aspects.
• Ease of installation work. As mentioned above, bituminous products are highly elastic. This allows you to easily lay the material even on complex truss systems. Due to the properties of the coating, installation work can be carried out independently. To do this, you will need a good gas burner and special equipment for working at height.

The use of soft roofs is advisable only if the slope of your roof is in the range of 15-45 degrees. Laying a roofing carpet from individual elements on more gentle planes is fraught with leaks. The fact is that the method of fastening does not make the surface completely sealed. If your area has high temperatures during the hot season, then it is better to make the slope as low as possible, this is due to the fact that with strong heating, the bituminous product can drain from a steep slope.

The introduction of new technologies into production has allowed manufacturers to create the new kind soft tiles. It practically does not differ from its counterparts, but has a self-adhesive base. Thanks to this, installation work can be carried out in a very short period and you do not need to use many tools.

To get acquainted with the product, I advise you to study its structure, which includes the following layers:

• There is a protective film on the bottom of the bituminous product. It performs the protective functions of a self-adhesive layer.
• The composition of the adhesive allows high-quality gluing of bituminous material, both to the crate and to another identical element. The result is a perfect waterproofing surface
• These layers are followed by bitumen. It is thanks to him that soft materials have high elasticity and strength characteristics.
• In the center is a reinforcing base or fiberglass in another way. This material is the basis of the tile and does not allow it to break.
• On top of this layer, lay another layer of rubber, and mineral dressing closes all this. Bulk protection gives the entire material resistance to mechanical damage and direct impact. sun rays, give the product fire safety

Roof pie under soft tiles

The soft roof pie has a somewhat complex structure and for its high-quality arrangement it is necessary to understand the functional tasks of individual layers. All work must begin with preparatory work. At this stage, the base is carefully studied and, in case of any serious deviations from the norms, cosmetic repairs are carried out.

The soft roof pie with insulation has the following structure:

1. Vapor barrier layer. It is laid from below in order not to let in moisture coming from below. There is a simple answer to the question of where it comes from. In the process of human life, a certain amount of moisture is released. The most elementary example is cooking. Warm air rises and condenses on the colder side, so it enters the attic space, and then in the same way it can penetrate the roofing pie. It is worth noting that the presence of even a small amount of moisture in the insulation boards reduces its performance by more than two times.
2. thermal insulation layer. On pitched roofs, any material can be used, but on flat roofs, it is better to pay attention to hard types, for example, mineral wool slabs.
3. waterproofing layer. In fact, it is no different from a vapor barrier and is often made from the same material, but the quality suffers. The main task is to protect the heat-insulating layer from moisture coming in the form of precipitation and condensate.
4. Crate. This lumber system allows you to distribute the load from the overlying layers as evenly as possible. As a rule, soft roofs are laid on a continuous crate made of OSB boards, moisture-resistant plywood or cut boards.
5. The lining layer creates a soft base and does not allow the sensitive layer of shingles to receive mechanical damage. It has a dense structure and serves as additional waterproofing and protection against strong gusts of wind.
6. The final layer is the roofing itself. It gives the structure a finished look and serves as protection against an aggressive external environment.

Manufacturers of roofing materials often give advice on laying their products. If you want to achieve maximum performance - listen. The wrong combination of products will inevitably lead to problems that will be revealed already in the first year of operation, for example, leaks and the beginning of rotting of wooden elements.

Requirements for the crate

Metal roofs have a more rigid surface, therefore, the whole structure will also be highly durable. As for soft roofs, they have problems with this. To ensure good strength characteristics, it is necessary to carry out a number of special measures.

A little higher in the article it was already said about the crate, more precisely, what materials it should consist of. Now, you need to know how to build it. This process takes place in just three steps.

1. After laying the vapor barrier layer on the rafter legs, a counter-lattice must be laid. Its placement should be strictly parallel to the rafters. As a rule, these elements are made from softwood timber. Its thickness should be 3-4 centimeters. Long nails are used as fasteners
2. The counter-lattice is closed with auxiliary boards. They must have a cross section of at least 150x20 millimeters and be attached perpendicular to the rafters.
3. On top of all this, the crate itself is arranged. If you have free access to lumber, you can build it from boards, but it is best to use OSB boards or moisture-resistant plywood. The dimensions of the boards should be selected in such a way that the plane is as even as possible, otherwise the material laid on top can be severely deformed, which will lead to leaks.

IMPORTANT: When laying OSB boards or moisture-resistant plywood, do not forget about ventilation gaps. A distance of 3-5 millimeters is enough for the air to ventilate.

Remember that laying underlayment is a must. If you skip this layer, the rough surface of the lumber will easily damage your soft top.

Requirements for waterproofing

A roofing pie for a soft roof must necessarily include high-quality waterproofing. As a rule, it is a rolled material and is laid in strips. It is worth noting that at installation work it should not be stretched, it should be in a slight sag. For good protection, the overlap of the material should be about 15 centimeters.

Today in construction you can find only two materials that can be used in this regard.

1. waterproofing film. The simplest and cheapest insulating material. Polyethylene is used as a raw material, in connection with this, the strength characteristics of the material are very low, and after prolonged exposure to ultraviolet it becomes even more brittle.
2. membranes. This product is a kind of analog film. The fact is that in its production more advanced polymers are used. The structure of the membranes differs significantly from the cheap counterpart. The fact is that its structure has pores similar to funnels. It is thanks to them that the material can pass moisture in only one direction. This is a really good material if you care about the thermal insulation layer. Moisture that has got into the roofing cake can somehow leave it and will not come back. There are also varieties that do not allow condensate to accumulate on the surface of the membranes.

If we take into account the experience of some developers, then when installing soft roofs, it can be advised to use vapor-permeable products. Note that they only let steam through, not water. Their use will eliminate the possibility of condensation in the roofing cake from the air. The fact is that bituminous materials with strong heating contribute to the appearance of moisture from the air, which adversely affects all components of the roof.

Requirements for a roofing pie

The soft tile roof cake may differ slightly from the standard set of layers. Some of them are removed from the composition because of their inappropriateness. The following factors may influence this:

• The functional purpose of the building. It can be industrial, residential or commercial.
• Frequency of use. In buildings operated only during warm seasons, it is not advisable to install heating systems, therefore, heat-insulating boards can be removed
• If there is a residential attic in the house, it is imperative to use thermal insulation
• Weather conditions in your area

When making bituminous roofs, you should work as hard as possible with your head and take into account the compatibility of the products included in the pie. In no case do not ignore the advice of manufacturers, they often play an important role in installation.

If you doubt the materials, then ask the seller or acquaintances about them, and in extreme cases, you can turn to specialists.

A roof pie under a soft roof is an expensive part of the construction of the entire building, but it’s better not to save on these layers. If you lay the surface with low-quality materials, then soon you will need repairs, for which you will spend a much larger amount.

• How long the roof will last, and whether it will be comfortable in the house, largely depends on how the roofing pie is arranged under the soft roof. In this layered cake design, each layer is responsible for a specific function. For example, an increase in moisture resistance provides a waterproofing layer. Moreover, the number of components may differ accordingly design features roofs. The layers of the cake are laid in a clear sequence, and any violation can lead to a decrease in consumer qualities.

  Bituminous materials used in the process of building a roof are characterized by low thermal conductivity. However, this is not enough to fully insulate the house: convection currents of warm air, rising up under the roof, take most of it outside with them. Actually for this reason, this type of roof is no exception, and it also needs to be insulated.

  The essence of the roofing pie is to protect residents from the effects of atmospheric manifestations and create favorable living conditions.

  Variants of roof structures for soft tiles

  The class of soft roofs is formed from elastic materials with excellent waterproof characteristics: shingles of bituminous tiles, mastics, rolled materials, membranes. They can be used for arranging roofs of any shape.

  On a note

  Not so long ago, these materials served only to protect against moisture, but today it is an excellent decorative coating. This is a merit of a refined outer surface and innovative mounting methods that allow you to fix the super-thin material on almost any substrate.

  • Roofing made of piece material - flexible tiles, has high sound-absorbing properties and perfectly resists atmospheric influences. It is sealed and easy to install.
  • Mastic (bulk) is a waterproofing carpet with many layers, which are made of various types mastics and emulsions.
  • Membrane (roll) coating is elastic, wear-resistant and successfully resists temperature changes, does not fade. Among the advantages of this roof, it should also be noted its aesthetic appearance, increased waterproofing properties.

  Each of these options has its own advantages and disadvantages, so they are chosen taking into account expediency and, of course, common sense. For example,

  • A flat roof is equipped using either roll coatings or mastic.
  • Bituminous tiles look great on large roofs that have a view from any side.

  

  A standard roofing pie for a soft roof contains such mandatory components as:

  • Vapor barrier. This layer of the cake "stands" in the way of vapors that penetrate the roof from the living quarters and condense on its various elements, including the layers of the roofing cake.
  • Waterproofing. Prevents atmospheric precipitation (whether melted snow or rainwater) from penetrating under the roof and premises for various purposes.
  • Thermal insulation. This layer is necessary to prevent heat loss, does not allow noise and sounds from the outside, as well as wind and cold, to penetrate inside.
  • decorative coating which simultaneously functions as a windscreen.

  The list of layers of the roof pie presented above can be finalized in order to bring the roof structure as close as possible to the ideal. The scheme is formed taking into account several significant factors:

  • purpose of the building: residential or change house,
  • a permanent building or a temporary building, which determines the need for a heat-insulating layer,
  • the shape of the slopes and the slope, for example,
  • Flat roof roll decking allows only three layers to be installed when installing a roofing pie.

  

  • Waterproofing on a soft pitched roof functions as an additional moisture barrier.

  On a note

  For comparison, we note that increased requirements are imposed on the waterproofing layer in the composition of the pie under the metal tile.

  For roofs with a slope of up to 18º, the moisture-proof layer covers the slopes completely, with greater curvature it is partially laid, placing the strips of the hydrobarrier along the overhangs of the cornices, along the valley and ridge, at the junction areas, around the outlets of the chimney pipes.

  • what base is chosen for the roof pie and for flexible tiles,
  • the intended type of attic, that is, whether it will be insulated or cold,
  • climate features,
  • layer compatibility.

  A well-made roofing pie for a soft roof must necessarily meet the entire range of the conditions listed above.

  Roofing pie schemes

  Characteristic differences in the components of the pie under the soft roof of different coatings, rolled or piece, no. The sequence for assembling a multi-layer cake structure is generally similar:

  • vapor barrier layer
  • thermal insulation,
  • hydro-barrier, which simultaneously performs the role of a decorative outer coating and wind protection.

  Actually the specifics of the process of the device is manifested during installation. For example, under a roofing pie for soft tiles, the crate should be solid, and in addition to it, counter beams are needed. If the coating material is rolled, then the layers are laid directly on any possible base without any auxiliary elements. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the features of the installation process.

  Roll coating

  

  As a rule, materials of this type (bitumen-polymer or membranes) are used for arranging roofs with a slight slope, of the order of 1–12 degrees, on a base made of reinforced concrete floor slabs or galvanized profiled sheet.

  vapor barrier

  • For concrete foundations, bitumen or bitumen-polymer vapor barrier is used.
  • At an angle of inclination of the roof of more than 6º, the bituminous vapor barrier is welded, for smaller slopes the material is laid freely without welding or gluing.
  • If the base is made of corrugated board, a polyethylene vapor barrier, reinforced or unreinforced, is freely laid along its corrugations. For slopes with a slope of more than 6º, it is recommended to glue the vapor barrier.
  • Roll covering can also be laid on a prefabricated screed. On sheets of plywood OSB boards) you can lay any version of the vapor barrier, but the best is still considered to be a bitumen-polymer vapor barrier on a polyester basis.

  In principle, polyethylene can also be laid on a concrete base, but then it will also be necessary to lay glassine as a separating layer.

  The stacked layer of vapor barrier resembles a kind of pallet that goes vertically onto the parapets and adjacent walls. The height of the sides should be equal to the thickness of the heat-insulating layer of the soft roof plus from 30 to 50 mm. Similar bumpers are also needed around roof outlets, say, chimneys or other communications.

  

  In any case, the vapor barrier layer in the roof pie after connection must be a continuous sheet. According to the building regulations, bitumen-containing materials are overlapped along the perimeter of the strips, end and sides (150 mm and 80-100 mm, respectively) and welded using a gas burner. As for polyethylene, its strips are connected with adhesive tape.

  Thermal insulation device

  

  Although any thermal insulation materials However, preference is still given to mineral wool or polystyrene boards. On a cement or concrete base, the insulation is laid in one layer, on a profiled sheet - in two. Moreover, the joints of the elements of the upper and lower rows should not coincide.

  In a single-layer insulation, the plates have a rigidity of 40 thousand Pa with a compressibility of 10%. In a two-tier thermal insulation system, the slabs in the tiers can have different rigidity. For example, the strength indicators for the lower and upper rows can be respectively equal to 30 and 60 thousand Pa.

  On a note

  The hard type of insulation in the soft roof pie was not chosen by chance, because at the same time there is no need for a device above the screed insulation layer, in contrast to backfill thermal insulation.

  The insulation device in the roll roofing pie is performed following a number of rules:

  • The insulation is fixed separately from the coating laid on top;
  • If a mechanical fastening option is chosen, then each heat-insulating plate is fixed with two fasteners. When using a profiled sheet as a base, the insulation is fixed on steel self-tapping screws equipped with a plastic sleeve. With a ramp slope of 10º, such bushings are not needed;
  • On a concrete base, the thermal insulation is fixed to self-tapping screws;
  • For gluing mineral wool boards, bitumen-polymer mastic is used. It should be noted that this method only works if the adhesive is applied to at least a third of the area of ​​the entire plate;

  

  • They must be mounted apart, then the weak areas will be distributed evenly. Plates in the second tier are shifted relative to those laid in the first row relative to the sides and ends by at least 20 cm;
  • If the seams on the insulation layer exceed 5 mm, then they are filled with insulation;
  • Thermal insulation of a membrane roof has some features. If no action is taken, the plasticizer will gradually migrate into the polystyrene thermal insulation layer, and this will lead to a decrease or even loss of the membrane's consumer characteristics much earlier than the manufacturer guarantees. Therefore, a separating layer is needed between these layers. Fiberglass or geotextiles are most suitable for this;

  A similar intermediate layer will be needed when constructing an exploitable flat roof, when polymer material lays on a bituminous vapor barrier.

  • The installation of thermal insulation boards on profiled sheets is usually carried out on a prefabricated screed. However, when the thickness of the insulation is twice the pitch of the corrugations, the insulation can be laid directly on the polyethylene film.

  On the roof there are areas of increased load: junctions, overhangs, penetrations and others. In these areas, an additional hydro-barrier is required in the form of roofing strips or a special self-adhesive waterproofing material.

  

  The device of the pie is completed by laying the rolled material. They fix it different ways: welding or gluing or mounting on self-tapping screws.

  One of the options for mounting the pie

  • The base is cleaned of dirt and debris, remnants of the old roof. Sometimes, if necessary, the base is additionally washed, then dried.
  • Lay the prefabricated screed. To ensure ventilation, gaps of 3 mm are left between its elements from plywood sheets or OSB boards, and from scraps of boards - a little more, up to 5 mm.
  • The vapor barrier is fixed to the surface of the walls on trihedral wooden slats, which are pre-treated with an antiseptic.
  • A lining carpet is laid and fastened along the perimeter to fillets to cover the joints.
  • The initial layer of the coating is laid, then an additional hydro-barrier, then the second layer of flooring is applied.

  Roof pie under a soft tile

  

  Cold loft option

  Laying a roof pie for an uninsulated attic is incredibly simple.

  

  The simplest scheme is as follows.

  • A counter-beam (section 5 * 5 cm) is nailed across each rafter onto two ruffled nails. The distance between the counter beams is determined by the pitch of the rafters. For the standard step of the rafters, 70-90 cm are taken, counter-bars for this case are nailed every 30 cm;
  • A continuous crate is stuffed onto the finished frame of counterbars. Installation is carried out apart so that cruciform connections do not form. In this case, the elements of the crate should rest with their edges on the counter-bars.

  

  • The roofing cake for soft tiles in the construction of a cold attic does not have a heat-insulating component, so the next step is to lay self-adhesive waterproofing. The method of flooring depends on the steepness of the slopes. With a slope of 18º or more, the hydraulic barrier should cover only areas of increased load, say, valleys or junctions. On less steep slopes, the roof is completely insulated.
  • Soft tiles are laid on the waterproofing layer.

  For a continuous crate built from boards, a counter-crate is not needed at all. The boards are attached directly to the rafters, keeping a 3 mm gap between them.

  Warm roof device

  

  It is more difficult to make a roof pie under soft tiles with insulation. In addition to thermal insulation, you will also need to install vapor barrier. This layer will protect the insulation and wooden frame roofs from condensing moisture. This is very important, given that the moisture accumulated under the roof drastically reduces the insulation characteristics of the insulation and eventually leads to decay of the wooden frame elements. In addition, ventilation is also necessary, which in turn also helps to remove condensate from the under-roof space.

Soft (bituminous) tiles are a relatively new construction material. Its basis is fiberglass, impregnated with bitumen on both sides.

This design provides the material with fire resistance, moisture resistance and elasticity, which allows mounting tiles on pirogues. with curves and intricate details.

During production, mineral chips are applied to the surface of the tile. different forms and colors, which creates a wide range of design solutions.

The use of material in the arrangement of roofs is especially appropriate. with large angles slope slopes.

This name denotes a structure that fills the space of the roof between its outer and inner faces, that is space inside the truss frame. It is made up of layers various materials, each of which performs its own function. Because of its layering, the design has a name similar to the name of the culinary product.

Pie roofing under improves waterproofing properties roof, provides its insulation. Separate layers are responsible for each of these functions, for example, a waterproofing layer is included in the cake to increase moisture resistance. The number of components of the pie depends on the type of roof: insulated roofs require gaskets more layers.

And now consider the scheme of the roof under the soft tiles in more detail.

Cold Roof Pie

Roof insulation is not necessary in cases where the owners of the house are not going to use the attic as a living space. Cold Roof Pie has a relatively simple structure and consists of six layers:

Soft tiles, unlike metal profiles, requires additional pads, fixing and strengthening the position of the coating.

Waterproofing is needed to prevent condensation in the interior of the roof. It can be placed not only under the crate, but also in front of it.

Mansard roof device

If it is planned to use the attic for permanent or temporary residence (that is, arranging it in attic room), That roof insulation becomes a necessary action. The insulation layer increases the thickness of the roofing cake and complicates its installation. Insulation also involves vapor barrier to avoid negative impacts. internal condensate premises on its materials.

Thus, roofing cake for soft tiles includes two additional layers. The completed design looks like this:

• Tiled covering.
• Lining carpet.
• OSB cover.
• Crate.
• Waterproofing.
• Rafter.

soft roof pie with insulation

Bitumen itself has good moisture-proof properties, therefore laying a separate waterproofing layer is not mandatory here, as opposed to installing a metal roof. But with a high slope angle and the presence of insulation, additional waterproofing will significantly increase the operational potential of the roof.

When laying the cake, it is important to leave small gaps between the layers to allow natural ventilation.

Waterproofing and vapor barrier

If roof pitch less than 18 degrees, the waterproofing layer is laid only on the most vulnerabilities: ridge, overhangs, valleys, areas around pipes.

If more than 18 degrees, then the waterproofing is laid throughout the roof area.

Moisture-proof materials are divided into liquid and solid. The first are applied to flat roofs or having a small angle of inclination (up to 5%). If the roof has a greater slope, then materials in solid forms, such as film and roll, are used.

Since soft tiles are mainly for sloping roofs, then we will talk about solid waterproofing.

The highest quality of moisture resistant materials is waterproofing membrane . Its pores are not of a standard cylindrical shape, but funnel-shaped with a narrowing on the upper face. This form allows condensate to freely exit from the internal space of the roof, but does not let moisture in.

1. If no special Constructive decisions, That waterproofing is laid between the rafters and the crate. On the rafters, it is fixed with a construction stapler, and with the crate it should be fastened with self-tapping screws.
2. The waterproofing of the soft roof is laid in the direction from cornice to ridge. The overlap between two sheets of material should not be more than 12 cm
3. The sheets are attached to each other with adhesive tape.
4. The film or roll may sag in the space between the edges of the rafters, but no more than 20 mm. Such sagging will improve the roof's ventilation capabilities.

vapor barrier also protects the inside of the roofing cake from moisture, but, unlike waterproofing, it prevents moisture from entering the interior of the house, not from environment. Its main function is to protect the insulation, so vapor barrier is rarely installed on cold roofs.

NOTE!

When choosing a vapor barrier material, you should pay attention to particular attention to its strength, since during the operation of the roof it will be subjected to pressure from the insulation.

The most popular materials for vapor barrier films are polyethylene, aluminum foil.

waterproofing roof pie under a soft roof

The film is attached to the rafters with galvanized nails or staples. It is important to carefully connect all the joints, otherwise the condensate will penetrate into the inside of the cake. As with the installation of waterproofing, it is necessary to leave a slight sagging of the film to improve internal ventilation. But if a vapor barrier is mounted instead of a film, then sagging is unacceptable, the material must be stretched.

Before installing all the insulating layers, the rafters are treated with antiseptic impregnation.

Insulation of shingles

Despite the provision of moisture protection with vapor and waterproofing, the insulation material must also be sufficiently resistant to water so that it does not deteriorate at the slightest leakage of the protective layers.

Also important are criteria such as:

The most popular insulation materials are mineral wool, glass wool, expanded polystyrene, penoizol, polyurethane foam. These materials are distinguished by their low cost and resistance to negative influences. But it is important to ensure that they are well isolated from the living space, as small particles of some types of insulation (for example, glass wool) are harmful to humans with its constant ingestion into his body.

CAREFULLY!

Before installing the insulation, it is necessary to provide for the creation of gaps with both waterproofing and vapor barrier. This is necessary to ensure ventilation and prevent damage to materials when rubbing against each other.

Insulation of a soft roof is carried out in the following order:

1. Nails are driven into the lower edges of the rafters at all corners at the same distance from each other.
2. The thermal insulation material is slightly compressed and inserted into the space between the rafters.
3. Between the driven nails, the cords are threaded and fixed in a crosswise position, it is they who make the fastening of the insulation reliable.

Instead of cords, you can use a slatted wooden crate; it is attached not by diagonal crossing, but parallel to each other with a step of 40 centimeters.

Thermal insulation of tiles is carried out by analogy with other coatings.

Thermal insulation is usually placed in two layers. Insulation blocks should not protrude beyond the lower and upper planes of the rafters, otherwise the materials must be cut.

These are the main components of the soft tile roofing pie. Its main difference lies in the fact that the material of such a roof has good waterproofing, and the installation of a separate moisture-proof layer is not mandatory, but all other necessary elements are similar to pies of other types of tiles.

Useful video

What does a roofing pie look like for flexible tiles in video format:

In contact with

The roofing pie is a layered construction of covering flooring and accompanying insulating materials, each of which has its own purpose. The types of materials in the composition of the roofing cake, their location and the number of layers depend on the finish coating and the configuration of the roof - flat or pitched, cold or insulated.

Purpose and composition of the roofing pie

Roofing cake - filler of the truss frame. Its main purpose is to protect the house from atmospheric precipitation and provide a comfortable microclimate in residential premises. This is achieved due to the multi-layered roofing pie and the presence of forming elements, the functionality of the roof depends on the correct installation of which, namely, the order in which the materials are arranged and adherence to the fastening technology.

Each layer of the roofing pie has its own purpose, is connected with the rest and must be mounted in a strictly defined sequence.

Since everything is interconnected in the construction process - accuracy, reliability, combination of building materials, etc., you should remember important rule- the weight of the roofing cake should not exceed the bearing capacity of the truss system.

Hence, the initial task is to correctly assemble and calculate, in accordance with the standards 2.01.07–85, all the loads on the building envelope, the required thickness of the insulation and, in proportion to this, the strength of the roof truss frame, even at the design stage.

The greater the weight of the roofing material, the stronger the supporting structure should be, which creates an additional load on the building itself and on the foundation

By and large, the structure of the roofing pie is the same for all roofs. Usually it includes the following layers (from inside to outside):

Depending on the type of roofing, separate elements can be added to the composition of the cake, for example, a lining carpet for flexible tiles. Or, according to the type of roof and its purpose, the arrangement of the layers may change. In particular, when installing an inverted roof, waterproofing is placed under the insulation.

In an inverted roof, the insulating and waterproofing layers are interchanged

Thus, under each roof there is a certain technology for laying a roofing pie, and only strict adherence to it ensures the durability of the entire structure. But just following the order of the layers is not enough. It is necessary that all materials are of high quality, tested and meet the standards. And if everything is more or less clear with almost all the components of the pie, then problems often arise with vapor barrier, especially for novice developers who either lay material unsuitable for this purpose, or completely refuse it, having heard enough "wise" advice from people who do not have practical construction experience, but who consider themselves experts.

There is no multifunctional "vapor waterproofing" that unscrupulous sellers do not tell. Vapor-permeable waterproofing and vapor-tight membranes or films - different materials, misuse of which will result in extremely deplorable consequences.

The lack of vapor barrier has a detrimental effect on the thermal protection of the roof, as a result of which the insulation deteriorates and after a while the house becomes damp and cold

As for the observance of the methods of laying and fastening the components of the roofing pie, only one thing can be said here - the whole process is set out in the manufacturer's instructions for each material . You just need to follow these instructions and do not violate them.

Video: laying the insulating layers of the roofing cake

Today, thanks to modern technology, there are many ways to equip a quality roof. Consider the most popular.

The roof is considered cold if the under-roof space is not insulated and is not used most often. In some cases, the attic is left cold deliberately - arranging a wine cellar, a place to store food, a gym, a workshop or a bedroom that will be in great demand on hot days.

Under the attic cold roof you can create a full-fledged room if you find a functional approach to it

In addition to attic roofs, there are also cold non-attic structures crowning gazebos, terraces, the main entrance to the building, greenhouses, and so on.

A roofless roof is cold and warm, depending on the purpose of the building.

The device and composition of the cake for a cold roof depends on its slope. For pitched roofs, the roofing pie is arranged in two zones: along the slopes and along the lower floor.

If you look from the inside, then on the slopes the sequence of layers will be as follows:

• waterproofing material fixed to the rafters;
• counter rails that fix the waterproofing and provide a ventilation gap;
• crate;
• roofing.

On floor slabs (from interior to roofing):

For flat attic roofs, the layout of the layers remains the same, only the division passes between the lower and upper floors. There is one peculiarity here - waterproofing is not included in the composition of the roofing pie and is not laid along the upper base, except for structures where wooden beams resting on walls and girders serve as the base for roofing.

A flat cold roof can only be installed with a vapor barrier, unless the attic roof is supported. wooden beams

The exclusion of hydroprotection from the composition of the roofing pie for such configurations is fully justified. Most often used on flat roofs, soft roofing is an excellent sealer in itself. In addition, the roofing material is laid on a solid base of profiled sheets or concrete slabs, along which a expanded clay or perlite ramp is arranged and a leveling cement strainer, which is quite enough to prevent any leaks.

Expanded clay spreader - affordable and inexpensive way rainwater drainage from flat roofs

Cold attic roofs are the most correct designs. They provide good natural air circulation, which, as needed, is enhanced by roof aerators. No wonder such roofs have long been built in Rus'. The entire roofing pie in them consisted of a slab (modern lathing), stuffed on bulls (rafters), and also laid on top of a draft and red plank. Cold roofs can last for hundreds of years, keeping the entire roof structure usable.

In ancient times, the huts were covered gable roofs"on males" in a nail-free way and covered with any improvised material

Video: cold attic roof pie

Cake under a soft tile Shinglas

A cold roof with a wooden truss system and a high-quality soft coating "Shinglas" is often equipped in private houses and office buildings. This design is easy to install, maintain and operate. The composition of the roofing pie includes:

As you can see, this design is very simple. Even one person will cope with its device, while saving on paying contractors.

Video: laying soft tiles "Shinglas"

Unlike cold roofs, all components of the roofing pie for insulated structures are combined into an integral system with an indispensable device for ventilation gaps and a strictly determined alternation of materials. The arrangement of the layers of the pitched pie warm roof as follows:

When arranging a warm roof, it is necessary to qualitatively seal the joints of all roofing materials in hard-to-reach and therefore problematic places - valleys, chimneys and ventilation passages, skylights, junctions to the walls. Poor tightness or its absence is fraught with a roof leak with the formation of fungus and mold, wetting of the insulation, rotting of the truss system, heat loss through the roof and, accordingly, huge energy bills.

Types of roofing cake regarding roof construction

Consider the features of the pie using the example of a pitched and flat roof.

pitched roof cake

There are simple pitched and broken attic structures with living under roof space. Simple pitched roofs have the roofing pie structure discussed above.

Video: correct pitched roof pie

Features of the device of warm broken roofs

Of particular interest are broken lines warm roofs, although they do not have global changes in the composition of the roofing cake and the typical layering of materials. The difference lies only in the location of the insulation and its eternal companion - the vapor barrier, which are laid along the slopes to the point of fracture, and then, as in a cold structure, horizontally along the support beams connecting the opposite rafters.

A feature of the roofing cake of a warm broken structure is the laying of insulation and vapor barrier, which, after a break, are located horizontally along the support beams

Thanks to this laying, a cold triangle is formed between the crossbars and the ridge, providing good ventilation of the attic, which is a necessary condition for arranging a warm roof with a residential under-roof space.

The method of laying insulation and waterproofing a sloping roof creates a cold triangle in the upper part of the structure, which provides good ventilation of the attic

The roofing pie of a sloping roof in the direction from top to bottom has the following structure:

Recently, it has become fashionable to leave the wooden rafters in the attic open, which is why the location of some layers of the roofing cake changes in any pitched structures. The sequence remains unchanged, but all materials, starting from the sheathing, are laid along the upper edge of the rafters, which must be taken into account when calculating the loads on truss system.

If the rafters remain open, then all layers of the roofing cake, including sheathing, are laid along the upper edge of the rafter legs

Video: mansard roof pie

Pie under seam roof

The folded roof is metal structure, in which the panels (pictures) are interconnected by bending (transverse and longitudinal fold). The grooves (grooves) formed in this case serve as a drainage system. Such a joining of sheets of aluminum, steel, copper and titanium-zinc looks charming on the roof of the house, and also creates a waterproof flooring that reliably protects the roofing pie and the rafter system.

The fastening system hidden under the seam guarantees no roof leaks and does not need through holes

The composition of the roofing cake for seam coating:

The peculiarities of the pie under the seam are that a raising bar is added to the composition of the pie, usually with a section of 50X50 mm, laid along the upper edge of the rafters and providing an additional ventilation gap between the insulation and waterproofing, which is necessary to drain condensate from metal roofing. In the crate, which, for gentle roofs and structures with a small slope, is stuffed with solid flooring using wood, chipboard or moisture-resistant plywood.

Seam roofing is arranged on a sparse crate with a small step or on a solid base

Since a seam roof, like any metal one, belongs to the category of noisy ones, when laying a roofing cake, you need to:

Video: seam roof installation

flat roof pie

The construction of a flat roof is becoming increasingly popular due to the savings in financial, material and labor resources for its construction. In addition, this configuration is very effective in regions with frequent and strong winds- a flat roof will not even be demolished hurricane wind.

The key advantage of a flat roof is the ability to significantly increase the usable area.

The structure of a flat roof cake depends on its base and how it is used.

Unexploited flat roof

On the basis of profiled sheets, the layers of the roofing cake are arranged in the following order:

• steel galvanized base (profiled sheets);
• vapor barrier material;
• insulation;
• finish coating.

On the basis of reinforced concrete slabs, the roof pie consists of:

Operating flat roof

On the operated roof, you can move freely and use it at your discretion. On this design, recreation areas, winter gardens, playgrounds, swimming pools and even parking for cars are arranged. Naturally, the exploited roof needs a solid foundation that can withstand significant loads, and correct styling all insulating materials.

Standard technology for placing layers of roofing cake:

A feature of this layering is that the waterproofing is well hidden and will not collapse, and the insulation located between it and the geotextile is reliably protected from getting wet.

Green roof cake

In modern cities, thanks to intensive development, there is a catastrophic lack of green spaces. Private homeowners compensate for this lack by arranging green areas on the roofs - neat lawns and beds, bright flower beds and entire public gardens.

The indisputable advantages of a green roof are environmental friendliness, durability, strength and extraordinary attractiveness.

The creation of a green roof should be taken into account at the design stage of a house.

The composition of the roofing pie under the “live” roof is standard, with the only difference being that 2–3 layers of geotextile are laid in this construction, which prevents weeds from penetrating into the base, preserving it from destruction. The layers are stacked in the following order:

The green roof is an oasis of health and spiritual uplift. But for its arrangement, it is necessary to strictly observe the installation technology and use good-quality materials, otherwise the repair will be too expensive.

Despite all the advantages of slate, it is rarely used for arranging free-standing flat structures. An exception is transparent slate, the roofing pie under which consists only of the crate and covering material.

Transparent slate is a durable hermetic coating that can reliably protect the room under it from negative atmospheric phenomena.

Wavy slate due to its relatively low cost, it is more often used:

For the latter case, the roofing cake has the following composition:

Roofing pie under a soft roof

Today, soft roofing is in great demand among developers, due to its absolute tightness and a huge variety of materials that will make a roof of any configuration durable, reliable and attractive.

Soft roof is suitable for all types of private houses and roofs of any complexity

According to the texture, shape, color and composition of the upper layer, 3 types of soft roofs are distinguished:

It cannot be said that some material is better or worse than others. They are just different. Each species has its strengths and weak sides Therefore, the choice should be based on personal preferences and common sense.

For example, piece tiles are ideal for well-visible pitched roofs. Roll materials universal. Their new generation with a special laying technology on pitched roofs resembles a folded construction. However, they are also good for flat roofs. And bulk - of course, the prerogative of sloping roofs. In addition, soft roofing is a well-balanced combination of price and quality, which is why it is in high demand.

Thanks to various mineral coatings, as well as the latest laying technologies, modern roll roofing looks extremely interesting and attractive.

The specifics of the device roofing pie under the soft roof

Roofing cake for soft coatings is more difficult than for rigid structures. It is formed for each type of soft flooring, taking into account all the indicators that affect the operational properties of the roof.

Some types of roofing cake for soft finish materials have wooden components, so it can not be arranged close to the chimney channels.

The indentation standards are regulated by the regulations of 01/41/2003, in which it is recommended to equip an apron made of galvanized or laminated metal around the pipes, and fill the empty space with non-combustible mineral wool material.

If the junction of the soft roof to the chimney is improperly processed, at best, leaks begin, and at worst, installation errors can lead to fire

In addition, sheets of particle boards or plywood, when arranging solid flooring, are mounted with a checkerboard pattern, leaving a gap of 3 mm between them to compensate for linear expansion in warm weather. And when stuffing a wooden crate, the boards should be placed with the convexity of the growth rings up - if for some reason the board leads, it will bend, filling the empty space, and not put pressure on the roof.

Lathing for soft roofing turns out to be reliable and durable, which is due to the creation of a continuous two-layer wood flooring

A typical roofing cake contains the following layers:

Video: abutment of the membrane to the pipe

Installation of a roofing pie under a soft roof

Consider laying a roofing cake under a soft coating using the example of a cold and insulated soft roof.

Installation of a cold structure

Since the roofing pie of the cold roof is simple, it is mounted quickly and easily.

On pitched cold roofs, it is permissible to lay the lining carpet only in problem areas. On flat structures, the lining carpet is spread over the entire area.

Installation of insulated soft roof

The pie of a warm soft roof is more complicated due to the addition of heat and vapor barrier, but it also does not present any difficulties in installation, since the arrangement of the layers remains unchanged.

The scheme for laying a warm roofing cake will be as follows.

Video: the subtleties and nuances of laying a lining carpet

Lightning protection mesh in the roof pie

Often, in the old manner, a lightning protection mesh on flat structures is mounted in a roof pie under a heater. Let's say right away - there is zero sense from such lightning protection:

• the location of the lightning rod near the reinforcement of reinforced concrete slabs or the supporting metal profile is meaningless, since it is quite likely that the lightning current will be blocked by metal elements;
• covering material and roofing equipment in this case remain unprotected and may suffer from a lightning strike.

Properly equipped lightning protection is a grid of semiconductors connected to lightning rods that rise above the roofing. Such a device provides many ways for the lightning charge to spread, which reduces the likelihood of lightning current breakdown to electrical installations and electrically conductive grounded parts of the building.

On flat roofs, the holders are simply weighted without additional fixation with self-tapping screws to the base, and on pitched roofs, reliable fasteners are required.

Many advise to make lightning protection on their own. The matter, of course, is master's, but with factory equipment homemade assembly in terms of durability, reliability and manufacturability, of course, can not be compared. Moreover, new developments in the field of lightning protection make it possible already today to equip lightning protection nets that rise significantly above the coating. This will protect expensive equipment that provides all the life of the house.

In conclusion, one piece of advice - do not skimp on the roofing pie. Any violation of technology will lead to unpredictable consequences, the least of which is heat loss and an increase in energy costs, as a result of which you will heat the street. Only quality materials, strict sequence, compliance with instructions and standards - a guarantee of longevity of the roof without additional costs for its maintenance and repair.