Garden houses made of timber for seasonal living. Septic tank (autonomous sewerage) for a non-permanent residence house Which house is better for seasonal living

05 Feb 2013

"But isn't the question about the differences between houses for permanent and temporary residence far-fetched?" - you ask. A house is a house, and how to live in it is a purely personal matter. Old houses once built for themselves in the countryside by patriarchal peasant families are often bought for use as dachas, and dachas suddenly become permanent residences for, for example, retired older family members. Both have roofs, walls and foundations, windows and doors... And yet, despite the outward similarity, there is a difference and a significant difference. Let's try to figure it out.

To begin with, let's define what is meant by seasonal and what is meant by permanent residence. Let's consider the Moscow region, and we will consider the inhabitants of our houses people with children, whose source of income is work outside the walls of their homes. Thus, people of creative professions, domestic staff, etc. we leave out of brackets.

At first glance, seasonal living is a classic summer dacha pastime with a trip out of town, at least for a vacation, or better, as long as the weather allows. The rest of the time the house is closed. However, this is far from the only option for "seasonal residence", there are others:
- Regular outings, for example weekends in the warm season plus a few short outings in the cold season when temperatures are below 0 degrees Celsius.
- Accommodation in the warm season with frequent departures, for example, to work. Perhaps this is already a “lightened version” of permanent residence.

So, let's define seasonal living as staying in a house while a person is off from daily activities - vacations, vacations, unemployment, etc. Conversely, permanent residence is the use of a home during a primary income-generating activity. An employee - during regular trips to the territory of the employer; business person - in a period of need to often and quickly respond to external factors affecting the business. Based on the foregoing, let's now try to determine the set of requirements for a house for seasonal or permanent residence.

Preferred home location

Planning to build or buy country house, we first of all choose a place for it. However, making this choice, you should already consider the purpose of the house. For example, in the case of a house for seasonal residence, it is obvious that remoteness is not the main criterion for it and can be much greater than in the case of choosing a house for permanent place residence.

Moreover, if a vacation home, where a person runs away from the hustle and bustle, is located near the city, he runs the risk of eventually being near the construction site of a new microdistrict, or, as often happens in old-fashioned places not far from Moscow, gradually get lost among the mansions of new neighbors. . In both cases, the market value of ownership will also change.

The location of the house relative to the main roads should also be taken into account, evaluating them not only as convenient means of communication, but also as a source of noise. On a quiet evening, especially when the air humidity is high, heavy traffic on the highway can create sound discomfort at a distance of 4-5 km (when you are away from home, of course). However, the availability of a road suitable for traffic at any time of the year is necessary condition for both types of houses.

The choice of a place for permanent residence, on the contrary, first of all requires studying transport accessibility, which allows you to move from it to your place of work regularly and within a predictable time, and guests, delivery services, nannies and other housewives not to experience problems when visiting this house not only by car, but also by public transport.

So, when planning our construction, we decide that it is optimal to build houses for seasonal living at a distance of 40-80 km from the Moscow Ring Road. In this case, the direction can be chosen based on personal geographical preferences or prices.

Houses for permanent residence should be built taking into account the existing network of roads and railways, at a distance of 10-30 km from the Moscow Ring Road (in the directions of high-speed roads - up to 40 km.) At the same time, any available information about development plans for this area should be taken into account. For example, when planning to build or purchase a house near the existing A-107 road, it is useful to study the plans for laying the Central Ring Road so as not to end up on the side of an 8-lane highway instead of a forest clearing.

Basic Infrastructure Requirements

Having decided on the location of the house, we will think about what we want to see in the neighborhood. Speaking of a house for seasonal living (by which we mean, first of all, rest), we imagine it in the bosom of nature in the broadest sense of this stereotyped concept ... A rather large forest, preferably mixed; at an easily overcome distance - places of recreation on the water, at a slightly greater distance - interesting sights to visit.

Exploration of the nearby town must be done in advance - in it we will buy food and other consumer goods at reasonable prices, without tedious long trips. One general store for three holiday villages or a mobile shop on Wednesdays and Saturdays will not suit us, as well as weekly trips to Auchan on the Moscow Ring Road. In the same town, we hope to see a bus station from where buses run regularly to Moscow, and an advertisement for a local taxi, with a phone number to call it. You never know what could happen!

Experience shows that anything can happen, especially when living temporarily with children. Therefore, in the nearest settlements, we must find a local hospital, a children's clinic, an ambulance substation and make sure that the services they provide are at an acceptable level. It also does not hurt to make sure that there is a fire station within a radius of 15-20 km. Let's not assume the worst, but even if someone sets fire to dry grass in the spring, the help of firefighters may well be required. Phone numbers of these services, addresses and directions should be in the house in a conspicuous place.

All of the above, with some changes, will be true when choosing a house for permanent residence. Of course, the forest and other joys of being in nature will give way to transport infrastructure facilities (including public transport, including the train, which was deliberately not mentioned above) and everything that we are used to using in the city - medical services should not be available by chance occasionally, but constantly, including the possibility of calling a doctor at home. Good shops, preferably those within walking distance, become very an important factor. In addition to shops, sometimes you want to go to cafes, to the cinema, to Gym, pool…

In addition, only in the place of permanent residence we will need kindergartens and schools. The solution to this issue is always a compromise. It is necessary to take into account a huge number of initial factors in order to find the optimal combination of distance from home and the quality of services provided.

Main design differences houses

Walls

Now that we have decided on the location of our house, it's time to think about what, in fact, we want to buy (or build) in the chosen place. It would seem that until recently, the overwhelming majority of individual houses in the Moscow region were either log, sheathed with "boards" or not; rare brick ones stood out among them, sometimes there were, as they said then, “backfilled” ones - the wall consisted of outer and inner shields made of thick boards, between which slag was poured as thermal insulation.

Most of these houses still stand in their original places - only now they are surrounded by a variety of modern buildings. What can you not see here! Stone houses - this is a brick of several varieties, and foam concrete, and aerated concrete, and just concrete in a fixed formwork ...

Wooden houses - ordinary log cabins made of chopped logs; log from rounded logs; timber from a simple sawn timber, from a profiled timber (sometimes the term "grooved timber" is found); from glued beams; from LVL-beam; glued from veneer; from insulated timber - in fact, from a narrow, strongly elongated sandwich panel ... A technology similar to the production of sandwich panels is also used in the construction of another type of wooden house - frame houses. Eyes open!

How to choose here best option, especially if one acquaintance praises his log house, lined with bricks, the other does not recognize anything but aerated concrete, and the brigade erecting a log house in a neighboring area spits at the mention of rounded logs?

And then they confuse them even more: “the ax, they say, presses and crushes the fibers of the tree on the surface of the log, and the milling cutters or cutters of the machine, which gives the log an ideal geometric shape, on the contrary, loosen them, besides, we supposedly put the log out on the other side, which "looked" to the north, and the annual rings here are denser than on the south ... ".

From the abundance of mutually exclusive reasoning becomes uncomfortable. However, you should not worry - in practice there is nothing terrible and incomprehensible. A house for permanent residence can be any of the above types, if built by qualified builders in compliance with the technology. It will protect its occupants from frost and rain, with proper care it will have sufficient durability, and will not ruin its owner with the cost of ownership.

True, many of our compatriots, brought up on the fairy tale "Three Little Pigs", frame house they don’t consider it a house, and instinctively gravitate towards a stone one. That's just a stone house, even if it's made of light, inexpensive foam blocks, it's not the best The best decision for seasonal living.

The construction of a stone house is much more expensive than a similar wooden one. In particular, a reliable foundation is required, usually a strip foundation, built by specialists, taking into account the properties of local soils and the depth of freezing.

Wooden houses, especially frame houses, can be built on columnar foundations, bored pile foundations, pile screw foundations, and, which is most preferable for heaving soils of the Moscow region, strip shallow foundations. In addition, coming to a stone house for a winter weekend, you will have to spend a significant part of them on warming up the building to an acceptable temperature.

This is not only uncomfortable, but can also lead to microcracks in the thickness of the walls due to their repeated freezing and thawing. The alternative is to constantly maintain a positive temperature due to electric heaters in the "standby" mode - the only, although not the best, way out.

Strictly speaking, it is technically possible to build a house that will keep warm in the winter from weekend to weekend; this is a building built according to the standards of a "passive house" or simply a well-insulated house, built, for example, from porous bricks, and fastened not cement mortar, which is an excellent conductor of cold, and a special adhesive. The house should stand on a strip foundation, extending well below the freezing depth of the soil, and also have a basement. However, such a building is difficult to imagine as a house for seasonal living.

According to many experts - builders and realtors - it is best suited for seasonal living wooden house any type. It will differ from a house for permanent residence, mainly only in the thickness of the walls (thinner by 15-25%, depending on the type of house) and the thermal insulation device. In addition, the bathroom in it can be located in an unheated part of the building.

Roof

Let's move on. As the popular construction wisdom says, "not so much build as cut." The roof is one of the most important parts of the house, although they often strive to build it according to the residual principle - after all, it does not have the monumentality of the foundation and is not as conspicuous as the facade.

We will not try to reflect all the abundance in this short article. roofing materials and technology, let's try to formulate the principles for choosing the type of roof for our two categories of houses. Let's talk about the usual pitched roof. Let's leave flat, inverted and operated roofs aside for now - this is a topic worthy of a separate article.

We will proceed from the fact that the roof of a house for seasonal living will often be left unattended, especially in the most difficult time for it - in winter. Snow will not be regularly removed from it, there will be no one to notice leaks and, for example, damage in time drainage system ice growths. Therefore, when buying a house, we will try to avoid options for houses with complex-shaped roofs and not to lay such a roof in the project during the construction of the house.

Valleys and other elements of a complex roof contribute to the formation of "snow bags", accumulations of debris in hard-to-reach places etc. You should also not abuse areas with a small angle of inclination of the slope, where snow can accumulate in large quantities without coming off under its own weight.

The material for the roof of such a house can be a metal tile in sheets or a profiled metal sheet, preferably made to order during construction and laid without horizontal seams from the ridge to the eaves. In addition, the laying of these materials does not require high qualifications. So, in relation to a house for seasonal living, our main goal is to minimize the number of joints between the elements that form the roof, and ensure the possibility of its high-quality installation using the least labor-intensive technology, avoiding complex configurations and small angles of inclination.

A permanent home can have any type of roofing that fits into the construction or acquisition budget. Nevertheless, in this case, reliability and durability should be put in the first place. The roof must be equipped in such a way that its maintenance can be carried out from stationary ladders and bridges, access to potentially problematic areas from inside the house must be provided, if there are heated under-roof spaces, a competent device for heat and vapor insulation is required, eliminating the occurrence of condensate inside the roofing pie.

Of course, everything can be foreseen when building a house. When buying an existing cottage, the roof is usually looked at last. And in vain, because in the process of operation it is the roof, made improperly, that can cause the future owner the most problems. Therefore, when buying, pay attention to the compliance of the finished roof with everything that was discussed above.

Heating, plumbing, sewerage

So, we decided on the walls and roof. How to heat the space limited by them? There are many technically feasible possibilities. We will choose taking into account the main tasks solved by heating devices in our house. We proceed from the fact that the power supply of the house allows you to connect high power, and the wiring is done by a competent specialist.

During the heating season, you want to heat up a house for seasonal living as soon as possible after your arrival, and for this it is optimal to provide for radiant heating in it. A good solution would be electric ceiling infrared radiators, which, unlike electric convectors, do not heat the air, but the floor and objects standing on it.

Of course, this does not exclude traditional heating devices suitable for both types of houses - a variety of stoves, fireplaces, boilers that heat the coolant in batteries ... When dealing with an electric boiler, it is cost-effective to install a three-tariff electric meter and a heat accumulator in the heating system. The boiler will consume energy at night rates, and the battery will give off heat during the day.

Consider some of the issues that arise in the construction of water supply and sewerage. A house for permanent residence, as a rule, has a centralized water supply, while in a house for seasonal residence, in most cases, you will need a well or well. In both cases, the main danger for the water supply in winter is the “defrosting” of pipes in extreme cold, especially small area between the exit from the ground and the entrance to the heated room. Sometimes it is even supplied with cable heating. In a seasonal home, the plumbing is usually drained for the winter.

If the pipes of the "summer" water supply are supposed to be buried in the ground to a shallow depth (mainly in order not to stumble over them), the installation must be carried out with particular care - when draining the water, it must go completely, not accumulating in the bends of the pipes.

A popular material for plumbing in both cases are polypropylene pipes. It is believed that they have greater elasticity than metal and metal-plastic, and due to this, they are less susceptible to destruction when water freezes in them.

Nevertheless, for a "summer" water supply system, it makes sense to use polypropylene pipes connected by compression fittings, which makes it easy to replace a failed fragment of the system, or change its configuration; pipes for year-round water supply, located deep in the ground, are connected by welding.

Sewerage for individual houses is a relatively new concept. Once upon a time in the countryside, houses intended for very permanent residence were equipped with yard-type amenities. Devices for processing waste through the vital activity of special bacteria (at that time they were not yet called septic tanks) and preparations for their use became available to the mass buyer in the mid-90s.

Currently, septic tanks of soil filtration and deep biological filtration can be distinguished. The latter works much more efficiently if the flow of effluents occurs evenly, that is, it is less suitable for seasonal use. There are also septic tanks, which are " cesspool of the 21st century" - a hermetic container, where wastewater from home.

When planning the placement of a septic tank on the site, it is necessary to provide access to it by special equipment for pumping out the contents. By the way, the treatment facilities of many cottage settlements are a "battery" of septic tanks.

***
So, our two almost identical, at first glance, houses turned out to be completely different, both from a technical and consumer point of view. The differences are in the little things, but there are a lot of these little things, and the search for an answer to our main question gives rise to a lot of other, new interesting topics, the conversation about which is yet to come.

Even more useful information from the real estate world on our

garden houses from a bar are much cheaper, if you take into account in advance that the buildings are seasonal. Understanding the differences will avoid a number of errors and unnecessary costs.

Differences between seasonal houses and buildings for permanent residence

The main difference between the two types of buildings lies in the set of their functions. A country house serves only occasionally, so the requirements for it are much less than for permanent housing. Its layout is simplified, since there is no need to think over the placement of storage facilities, a boiler room, a vestibule. Main rooms - kitchen, bedrooms, living room, bathroom. The living room and kitchen are often connected to save space.

Important outbuildings country house are the veranda, summer cuisine, outdoor terrace, gazebo. During construction, the emphasis is on them, since residents will spend most of their time outside the house during the summer season. If the house will be used in winter and summer, the issue is approached more thoroughly. A seasonal building needs a living room, since it is during periods of vacation or holidays that the whole family comes together.

It is preferable not to build a garage. You can equip a parking space on the east or north side of the facade of the house or build a canopy.

Peculiarities

The subtleties of building a country house:

For the construction of garden houses, timber is used, up to 140 mm thick.
The attic and attic are covered with a sun-repellent coating, as the extensions will overheat during the summer months.
The floor is not insulated.

To avoid overheating of the building in summer time years I use a complex of methods. Buildings are planted with trees with voluminous foliage, awnings and sun awnings are used, window openings make smaller than standard size.

Separately, the issue of the need for communication is considered. It is more practical not to conduct a gas pipeline, but to use electrical equipment or gas in cylinders for cooking. Fireplaces or stoves are used for heating. It is advisable not to resort to a centralized water supply, as in winter this threatens with pipe defrosting problems. It is best to equip a well, a well on the site. Septic tanks are suitable for sewerage - containers for draining water with biological or soil filtration.

In financial terms, the construction of a seasonal building will be 20-50% cheaper than the construction of a full-fledged house.

materials

Advantages of housing natural materials long appreciated in Asia, Europe, USA. Wooden houses for seasonal use are built from coniferous wood, as it has a beneficial effect on the health of residents. As the main material, a bar of natural moisture is used. It is treated with special solutions and antiseptics to protect against insects and moisture.

Material advantages:

Possibility to lay inexpensive strip foundation or rocky-crushed stone mixture due to the ease of construction.
No additional costs for plating, as it looks decent without it.
Environmental friendliness and harmlessness.
Improving the microclimate of the room due to the ability to pass air. On hot days, the house will be cool, on frosty days it will be warm.
Acceptable price for construction.

Building a garden house from a bar will save not only money, but also your time.

This project will appeal to everyone who loves experimental housing with non-standard architecture. The living space of the house has a pitched roof. Such an architectural solution has a number of advantages, both from an aesthetic and practical point of view.

Among other things, the house has a large terrace, which in turn is located under the second, independent roof slope.

In this project, the intention was to combine compactness and functionality. So that it was not just country house, and a house that is pleasant to come to for the weekend, a house in which everything is conveniently designed, a house for the soul.

Consider a shed roof from an architectural point of view. Simplicity of lines, clarity of forms, conciseness and completeness. In the Baltic countries, similar architectural solutions are found everywhere. People love and appreciate simplicity and style, not only in architecture.

Now consider a shed roof from a practical point of view. The first thing that comes to mind is the speed of construction and the simplicity of structures, which leads to cheaper roofing. Moreover, if you do not plan to live in the house permanently, why pay extra money. Also shed roofs are well ventilated, which reduces the heat loss of the house and increases the durability of the roof itself.

Let's look at the layout of the living space.

As I already mentioned, the project of our house is equipped with a terrace, which is more than 16 square meters in area. Entering the house, we find ourselves in the hallway, in which there is a small window. It will fill the room with light and visually enlarge the space. Entrance hall by area 4 square meters.

To the left of the entrance we have a living room, 11.2 square meters. As you can see on the plan, it is equipped with a compact,. A huge plus of this room is the large panoramic window. Perhaps, due to energy efficiency, such a window opening is not good, but the living room will always be spacious and light. If we take into account the small area of the house, then heat loss through such a window will not greatly affect the economic component.

To the right of the entrance we see the bedroom. The area is 11.2 square meters. The same panoramic window as in the living room will have an advantageous effect on the space of the room.

And of course we didn't forget about the bathroom. I am a supporter of the fact that even in a small house there should be a warm bathroom. The area, 3.7 square meters, allows you to place a shower, toilet, sink and washing machine with vertical loading.

Let's summarize: the living area of the house is 30 and a little meters, here we have placed all the premises necessary for life. In addition, the house has a large terrace, where, in the summer, you can swing on an armchair, reading the updates of our site -

What to build a house from?

or the choice of house building technology

Everyone who thinks about building his own house, first of all, approaches the question - what technology is used to actually build a house?

In this article, we will try to analyze the main technologies for building low-rise buildings to help you make a choice. So, first you need to decide on the main thing - a house of permanent or seasonal residence? If the house is permanent residence, then you are not limited in the choice of construction technology, you can build according to any. But if the house is seasonal residence (for example, a country house where they live in the summer, and in winter period happen on weekends, holidays and vacations), then a brick, monolithic house and a house made of foam and aerated concrete disappear. Why?

There is only one main reason - limited frost resistance, all these materials have a limited number of freezing cycles. Plus (more precisely, a very big minus) to be added with constant freezing-defrosting at home - problem with dampness and fungus that will damage interior decoration Houses.

It is also important to take into account the heat capacity of the house. For example, houses made of bricks, cellular concrete, timber and logs have a very high heat capacity. At the same time, houses built using frame technology or SIP have a very low heat capacity. What does this mean in practice? For example, you arrive on Friday for the weekend in your magnificent Vacation home, outside the window -20. The heating is turned on and ... And two options:

1) At best, houses with high heat capacity will reach a comfortable mode in a day or two, until that time they will warm up, and not warm their inhabitants. When all the tenants left on Sunday, turning off the heating, the house will remain warm for several more days. But there is no one in it anymore, the heating costs are spent in vain.

2) Houses with low heat capacity will be habitable in a couple of hours, and comfortable living is guaranteed in 5-6 hours. Of course, all this will be with a well-designed heating system.

All of the above is not an axiom, any situation can be solved. Another question is, what will be the price of this solution? To avoid problems with defrosting a house or warming up a seasonal residence, for example, you can install a "smart" home heating control system. She herself will not allow the temperature of the interior to drop below a certain level, she will be able to heat up the boiler via SMS and raise the temperature to a comfortable one. But you will become a hostage of your home, any power outage or interruptions in the fuel for the boiler will require you to immediately deal with this situation. Don't forget to also pay the bill for the consumed electricity/gas/diesel fuel at the end of the heating season. And the amount will be very big.

Therefore, the choice for seasonal residences narrows. Materials are required that are not afraid of freezing in the cold season. This wooden houses from a log frame houses, houses from a bar and houses from SIP panels. We will talk about them in more detail in the second part of our article.

In which you can not live all year round.

The layout of the house 8x7 with a terrace for seasonal living

Usually in such a house is stored:

Garden tools;
Old clothes;
Various accessories.

To get a good layout of a holiday home, it is necessary to develop its plan in all details. According to the plan, it is determined:

Number of rooms in the house;
Room dimensions;
Necessary furniture;
Basic equipment.

When planning a house for seasonal living, first of all, the maximum allowable dimensions of the house are calculated, taking into account all family members.

Project and layout of a 6x6 country house with an attic

The main aspects of the layout of the house

Since they are mainly in the summer in the seasonal house, the application of the principles that are followed when is not always appropriate. In the city house, according to the plan, they try to branch out the communication rooms as much as possible. When performed, they strive to reduce them as much as possible. To do this, drawings are developed where different functional areas are combined, they become a single room for a seasonal building.

For example, the veranda and the entrance hall are combined, the living room is connected to the common room.

From practice, it became known that most of all people visit open spaces in summer houses.

The layout of the attic house for seasonal living

Most often, the owners of comfortable cottages in such rooms receive guests or relax in rocking chairs.

open areas

The original project of a house with an attic for seasonal living

This will allow you to equip several more rooms directly under the roof. Based on, make open. Its lower step is mounted directly on the veranda. The remaining free area under the stairs is suitable for a variety of purposes:

Storage of household tools;
Utility cabinet installations.

In the attic, many owners equip the bedroom. Beds are installed along the walls, since the height from floor to ceiling in such places exceeds 1.7 meters.

There is free space between the vertical of the wall and the roof. It can be occupied by a small pantry by installing light partitions. Sometimes cabinets are built in here, in which they store:

clothes;
Bedding sets;
Household accessories.

bathrooms

If on suburban area the most important communications have been carried out: water supply, sewerage, drains, then when developing the layout of the summer house, the drawings provide for. Since living in the house will be seasonal, that is, non-permanent, the area of \u200b\u200bsanitary facilities should not be very large. It is completely impractical to mount in a house. It will require a lot of free space, so it will be much better to install an ordinary shower.

A similar approach requires the arrangement of the toilet. Made especially for him autonomous sewerage.

For the construction of a house that is intended for temporary residence, for example, a country house, the best material is considered a rounded log. However, it is necessary not to forget about the installation of heating.

An example of the location of a bathroom on the plan of a house with a large terrace

by the most the best option such heating planning is considered to be the supply of natural gas. Unfortunately, this is not possible everywhere. Therefore, you can use alternative options. A Russian stove will warm the house well, it will be warm in the room from a simple potbelly stove.