Living in a private house, every owner dreams of creating maximum comfort in it, ensuring a comfortable standard of living. Therefore, it is important to worry in advance about such an important issue as installing a sewer in a private house with your own hands. And below you will learn how to do all the work competently, correctly and not harm the environment.

With the independent construction of the sewer system, you can decently save. But it is important to do all the work correctly, taking into account all the requirements for construction and installation work.

Attention! Your site may require drainage, and you can buy everything you need for it at a discount in the online store https://www.drenaj-shop.ru/. But be sure to indicate that you entered from our Remontik website.

The choice of a sewer system scheme should always be made in strict accordance with the layout of your home.

When planning, we recommend to provide for the most compact placement of rooms for which water will be drained and supplied (bathrooms, shower rooms, bathrooms, laundries and kitchens). But the most the best option consists in such an arrangement in which all plumbing equipment will be tied to one collector, through which sewage will be drained into a septic tank or cesspool.

In the presence of a large country house, which contains several different rooms with drainage / supply of water located in different parts buildings, experts advise giving preference to such a sewage scheme, in which there will be at least two septic tanks or cesspools. In addition, if your house has two or more floors, and the bathrooms, baths and kitchens are on different floors, then you will have to install risers.

Installation of sewerage in a private house. Types of sewerage

All work on the construction of sewerage in a country house or in the country is reduced to the installation of external and internal sewage.

The work on internal sewerage should include the installation of a fan pipe, a riser and piping for such premises as a kitchen, shower room, toilet, etc. to the outer or outdoor sewerage everything that is outside the house applies, that is, a system of pipes that go from the house to a deep cleaning station (a rather expensive solution) or to the septic tank itself (with a storage tank or filtration field).

Of course, if you can connect to a centralized waste disposal system, then the task will be greatly simplified. However, below we will consider an autonomous system that includes effective wastewater treatment in a septic tank, and not such a primitive structure as a cesspool.

Installation of internal sewerage in a private house

First of all, you need to deal with the internal circuit. Even during the design of the house, care must be taken that all the premises where the sewage will be carried out are as close as possible to each other, since this approach simplifies the scheme of the internal sewage system. Every a private house involves the installation of an individual sewerage scheme, which can be very different.

Therefore, you must take into account the fact that pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm must be used in the toilet for draining. For gray drains entering the sewer from the bathroom or kitchen, it is worth using PVC or PP pipes with a diameter of 50 mm. All turns must be done using two plastic elbows that are bent at an angle of 45 degrees, as this will minimize the possibility of blockage in the future (otherwise, it will be quite difficult to eliminate it).

It is cheaper and more reliable to use polypropylene (PP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes in the sewerage scheme. In addition, it is much easier to arrange an internal sewerage system using such pipes.

First of all, you must decide where the riser or collector pipe will be located, and only then carry out further wiring from it.

But first of all, it is worth figuring out as accurately as possible how to independently develop a sewerage scheme for your home, since in the future you can use it to complete the calculation of materials and plumbing equipment that will be needed to install a sewer system in a private house.

You can make a sewerage scheme on a piece of paper in a box, but it is better to buy several sheets of graph paper for such a task. In addition, you will need a ruler, tape measure and a sharp pencil.

The sewerage scheme for a private house is drawn up in the following sequence:

• First of all, you need to draw up a detailed plan of the house on a scale. If you do not know the dimensions, then you will have to use a tape measure and carefully measure everything.

• Next, you need to decide on the location of the risers.

• Then, on the plan, you need to mark the locations of the plumbing and decide how they will be connected.

• Next, mark the pipes that will go from the riser and fittings to plumbing fixtures, and all connecting elements (bends, tees, etc.).

• All of the above should be done for all floors of a country house.

• Now decide on the size of the riser and the fan pipe.

• Add the entire length of the pipes that belong to the internal sewerage.

• Another stage is the external sewerage. It is necessary to draw up its scheme: the location of the pipes coming from the septic tank or deep cleaning station to the outlet. At the same time, do not forget all the available SNiPs.

Sewerage installation in a private house: choice of pipes

For the reason that the conditions inside the house, as well as outside it, are significantly different, then the pipes for such sewerage systems must be different. Today, PVC or PP pipes, which are distinguished by their characteristic gray color, are usually used for laying internal sewage. For risers and sun loungers, their diameter should be 110 mm, and for the outlet - 40 and 50 mm. However, do not forget that such pipes are used exclusively for internal sewage, and other solutions should be used for external ones.

Typically, pipes that are mounted underground from a septic tank or deep cleaning station to the outlet are orange in color, which is explained very simply - brighter is more noticeable in the ground. Orange color. But the pipes used for external sewage differ from others not only in color, but also in the requirements that apply to them. They have high rigidity, since they have a significant load.

More reliable designs are also offered, a striking example of which are two-layer corrugated pipes. But their laying depth, when maintaining a sewer system, is usually small (usually up to two meters), so there is no need to use them. Most often, red pipes have a diameter of 110 mm, which is quite enough to drain wastewater.

Below we will consider all the disadvantages and advantages of pipes made from different materials among which the most used are:

• Cast iron.

Advantages: durable and strong pipes, able to withstand high loads.

Disadvantages: heavy and fragile, expensive, on the inside, as a result of corrosion, roughness may form, which can cause blockage.

• Polypropylene.

Advantages: flexible and lightweight, making them in high demand for internal sewage. Cope well with high flow temperatures.

Disadvantages: if you use them for their intended purpose, then they have no disadvantages.

• Polyvinyl chloride.

Advantages: reminiscent of cast iron, light and inexpensive. Most often used for outdoor sewage.

Disadvantages: they do not tolerate high wastewater temperatures, brittle (crack, do not bend).

Sewerage installation in a private house: pipe laying

Perhaps the most difficult process in the construction autonomous sewerage V country house is piping and piping. If you are going to do this work on your own, then call someone for help, as this will affect not only the quality of the work, but also its speed. In addition, we advise you to check the tightness of the system by spilling it with water, and only then, when you are sure of the reliability of all seams, proceed to full operation.

Pipe connection

As mentioned earlier, the easiest option is to use PVC or PP pipes for sewage. Today, a huge number of products are offered on the construction market, so you can easily find revisions, elbows, tees and plastic pipes that are easily and securely connected at the joints, which is ensured by the presence of rubber cuffs. If necessary, all joints are additionally treated with sanitary sealant. Well, where the pipe passes through the ceiling and the wall, we recommend installing a sleeve.

Also, do not forget about the slope of the pipes. Taking into account SNiP, the angle of inclination of a pipe in a non-pressure system directly depends on its diameter. For example, for a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, you need to create a slope of less than 3 cm per 1 meter, and for a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm - at least 2 cm per 1 meter. Keep this in mind, as different points of the pipeline will have to be laid at different heights to provide the necessary slope.

Sewer outlet

In order not to encounter a discrepancy between the external and internal sewage systems, you need to start installing the sewer in a private house from the outlet (the boundary part of the sewer connecting the pipe that leads to the septic tank with the pipe leaving the house).

The outlet must be installed through a foundation that exceeds the depth of soil freezing corresponding to your region. Naturally, you can make the outlet even higher, but you will need to insulate the pipe so that it does not freeze in winter. If you do not do this, then there is a high probability that you will only be able to use the toilet in the spring, after warmer weather.

If you did not take care of this during the construction of the foundation, then you will have to punch a hole in its structure, into which a drain pipe with a sleeve can easily fit. Moreover, the sleeve is a small piece of pipe with a larger diameter than that of the sewer (130-160 mm). It should protrude from both sides of the foundation by at least 15 cm.

Summarizing all of the above, we can say that at the current stage you need to make a hole in the foundation and insert a sleeve with a pipe into it. Remember that the diameter of the outlet pipe must be no less than the diameter of the riser. The sleeve itself is necessary so that you can set the required slope of the pipe in relation to the septic tank (2 cm per 1 m).

Wiring and installation of the riser

It is good if the riser is in the toilet, since the recommended size of the pipe from the toilet to the riser is 100 mm. It can be mounted both openly and hidden, depending on how exactly the pipes will be located - in special boxes, channels, walls and niches or next to the wall (fastening with clamps, pendants, etc.).

To connect sewer pipes with risers, it is worth using oblique tees, and at the joints of pipes of different diameters, adapters must be used. At the intersection of pipes from sinks, shower and bath, you need to install a collector pipe with a diameter of 100-110 mm. At the same time, take care of water seals that will protect the sense of smell from unpleasant odors.

On each riser, it is imperative to mount a special tee with which you can clean the blockage. In order not to carry out work on cleaning the sewer in the future, mount the cleaning after each turn of the pipe.

Exhaust pipe outlet

It should be said right away that the output and installation of the fan pipe plays an important role, since it is needed for:

• maintaining normal atmospheric pressure inside the system so that air discharge and water hammer do not occur;
• increase the durability of sewerage;
• ventilation of the entire system, which is required for effective work septic tank.

The fan pipe is a continuation of the riser, that is, it is a pipe that leads to the roof. Before connecting the riser and the fan pipe, you need to perform an audit. Then you can bring the pipe to the attic at any convenient angle.

We do not recommend simplifying the work by combining a fan pipe with ventilation or a chimney. In addition, it is necessary to locate its exit as far as possible from balconies and windows (at a distance of at least 4 m). Moreover, the height of the indentation from the roof should in no case be less than 70 cm. In addition, it is necessary to have sewer ventilation, house ventilation and a chimney at different levels.

Summing up all the above, we can note the following:

• at the first stage, we recommend developing detailed diagram wiring, minimizing the distance from the plumbing to the riser;

• it is necessary to increase the diameter of the pipes going to the riser, in the course of connecting other additional devices (avoid reducing the diameter);

• stick to one simple rule: the larger the outlet of the device, the closer it should be located to the riser (closest to the riser should be the toilet);

• where blockages may form in the future, it is necessary to provide for cleaning and revision;

• in the wiring system for ventilation, there must be a fan pipe.

Installation of external sewerage in a private house

You can equip an external sewage system in a country house with your own hands different ways, which we will discuss below. It is important to correctly choose a system that would fully satisfy the needs.

It is necessary to decide on the scheme for arranging sewerage, taking into account the following factors:

• permanent or temporary residence in a private house;
• the number of people who live in the house daily;
• daily water consumption by one person (depends on the presence of a washbasin, washing machine, toilet bowl, sink, bathtub, shower, etc.);
• level of occurrence ground water;
• soil structure and type;
• the size of your area around the house and how much space can be allocated for treatment facilities;
• climatic conditions.

All sewerage systems for a private house can be divided into 2 types:

• storage systems (cesspool without a bottom, sealed container);

• facilities used for wastewater treatment (aerotank - a septic tank with a constant air supply, a septic tank with a filtration field and three or two chambers, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank with natural treatment and two overflowing wells, a simple single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning).

Cesspool without a bottom

A cesspool is the oldest and most proven method of sewerage in a private house. Even 50 years ago, this method simply had no alternatives. True, then people did not use as much water as they do today.

A cesspool is the same well that has no bottom. It can make walls out of concrete rings, concrete, brick and other material, leaving the soil as the bottom. After sewage enters the pit from the house, relatively clean water, being purified, will seep into the soil, and fecal matter and organic waste will accumulate, gradually settling to the bottom. When the well is completely filled with solid waste, it must be cleaned.

Previously, waterproof walls were not made in the cesspool, which means that when it was full, they simply buried it and dug a new hole in another place.

It is worth considering the fact that installing sewerage in a private house using cesspool is possible only when the volume of effluents per day does not exceed 1 m 3. Only in this way can soil microorganisms that feed on organic matter have time to process water that penetrates into the soil through the bottom of the pit. In this case, if this norm is exceeded by the volume of wastewater, the water will not receive the necessary treatment, which will provoke pollution of groundwater. If this happens, then all water sources within a radius of 50 meters will be contaminated.

If you add microorganisms to the pit, it will reduce the unpleasant odor coming from it, and the cleaning process will be significantly accelerated. But be that as it may, you should not risk it.

Therefore, it is necessary to build a cesspool without a bottom only when the family does not live in a private house permanently, but happens only a few times a week, without spending a lot of water. At the same time, it should be taken into account that groundwater should lie 1 m below the bottom of the pit, otherwise you will not be able to exclude contamination of the soil and water sources. The cesspool has a low price, but be that as it may, today it is not very popular in modern cottages and country houses.

Sealed container, presented in the form of a storage tank

In this case, a special sealed container must be installed next to the house, where sewage will flow from the house through pipes. You can buy a ready-made container, which will be made of plastic, metal or some other material. However, if necessary, you can make it from concrete rings with your own hands. The lid is most often made of metal, and the bottom is made of concrete. The main condition for the construction of such a sewer is complete tightness. For this type of sewage, you can use pragma corrugated pipes.

This container must be cleaned. As soon as it is completely filled, you will have to call a sewage truck, which will not be very expensive. The frequency of emptying the tank is directly dependent on the volume of wastewater and the size of the tank. For example, if 4 people live in a house using a toilet, washing machine, bath and shower, then the volume of the storage tank should be at least 8 m 3, and it should be cleaned every 10-14 days.

Therefore, if a high occurrence of groundwater is noted on your site, then it makes sense to use an airtight cesspool to equip the sewerage system at home. Thus, you can protect the soil and water sources from possible pollution.

But the main disadvantage of this system is that you will need to call the sewer truck quite often. So think in advance about the place where the pit will be located in order to provide a convenient access to it. The bottom of the pit or container is not deeper than 3 meters from the soil surface, otherwise the hose will not be able to reach the bottom.

It is also important that the lid of the storage tank is well insulated and that the pipeline has good frost protection. The cost of this container directly depends on the volume and material from which it will be made. The cheapest option is to use used Eurocubes, and the most expensive one is concrete pouring or brick. Do not forget about the monthly costs of cleaning the tank.

Single-chamber septic tank - the easiest way to clean the soil

It is worth noting that a single-chamber septic tank is not much different from a simple cesspool. Such a structure is a well, where the bottom is covered with an insignificant layer of rubble (not less than 30 cm), and coarse-grained sand is poured over it with the same layer. Otherwise, sewage from the house penetrates through pipes into the well, where water seeps through crushed stone, sand and soil, being cleaned by 50%. Naturally, sand and gravel greatly increases the quality of water treatment, but does not solve this problem radically.

In a private house, it is not recommended to build sewers using a single-chamber septic tank if people live in the house permanently or in the case of a large volume of wastewater. You can use this option for temporary residence and low groundwater levels. In addition, periodically you need to change the sand and gravel, as they become silted.

Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells

The construction of overflow settling wells and filter wells is a fairly popular way of arranging sewage in a private house. Moreover, this option is quite economical and can be installed independently.

Such a sewer system includes two wells: the first has a sealed bottom, and the second does not, but is sprinkled with sand and gravel.

Waste water from the house is fed into the first well, in which solid waste and feces sink to the bottom, while greasy waste floats to the surface. Between these two methods, relatively clarified water is formed. Moreover, the first well is connected to the second one with the help of an overflow pipe approximately 2/3 of its height, which is under a slight slope, allowing water to flow there calmly.

Clarified water enters the second well, which subsequently seeps through the soil, crushed stone and sand, being purified even better.

The first well is used as a sump, and the second one is used as a filter. The first well fills up with feces from time to time and to clean it, you will need to call a special sewage machine. This should be done approximately once every 6 months. To reduce unpleasant odors, add microorganisms that decompose feces to the first well.

The two-chamber septic tank described above can be made on your own from concrete, brick or concrete rings, or you can buy a ready-made plastic septic tank at the manufacturer, where additional cleaning will be carried out by means of special microorganisms.

It is recommended to install a sewerage system in a private house based on two overflow wells only when, even during the flood period, the groundwater level is below 1 meter from the bottom of the second well. If there is sandy or sandy soil on the territory of your site, then this will be an excellent option. However, do not forget that after about 5 years, crushed stone and sand in the second ring will have to be replaced.

Biological or soil treatment - septic tank with filtration field

This type of septic tank is made in the form of one tank, including several separate tanks, which are connected by pipes or into two or three sections. As a rule, if you need to install this type of sewer system in a private house, you can buy a ready-made version.

The first capacity of the septic tank is used to settle the drains, as is the case in an ordinary settling well. The partially clarified water then flows into a second tank or section, where all organic residues are decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. Then the more clarified water goes to the filtration fields.

A fairly large underground area (approximately 30 m 2) acts as a filtration field. This is where primary wastewater treatment takes place. In this case, the water is purified by approximately 80%.

If there is sandy or sandy soil on your land, then this will be an excellent option, otherwise you will have to build an artificial filtration field from crushed stone and sand. Once the water has passed the filtration field, it can be collected in pipelines and directed to drainage ditches or pilot wells. It is forbidden to plant edible trees and vegetables above the filtration field, because in this case you will break a flower bed.

Attention! You can buy drainage wells at a discount in this section of the online store https://www.drenaj-shop.ru/catalogue/drenazhnye-kolodtsy/, if you indicate that you came on our recommendation - the Remontik website.

Over time, the filtration can become silted up and it will have to be cleaned, or rather, crushed stone and sand should be replaced. This is a huge amount of work in which your site may suffer.

Installation of a sewerage system with a filtration field is only suitable when groundwater is located at a depth of at least 2.5-3 m. At the same time, you must understand that there must be a distance of at least 30 m from the filtration field to water sources and residential buildings.

Septic tank with biofilter - natural treatment station

Thanks to the deep cleaning station, it is really possible to complete a complete installation of sewage in a private house. And this despite the high level of groundwater.

This station acts as a capacity, which is divided into 3-4 sections. It is best to buy it from a trusted manufacturer, asking professionals about the required volume and equipment. The cost of this septic tank usually starts at $1,200, which is not cheap.

The first chamber of this septic tank is used to settle water, and in the second, organic residues are decomposed with the help of anaerobic microorganisms. In the third, water is separated, and in the fourth, organic matter is decomposed by aerobic bacteria, which require a constant supply of air. To ensure such conditions, a pipe is installed above the chamber. It should rise 50 cm above the ground. In that pipe leading from the third to the fourth chamber, a special filter is installed, into which aerobic bacteria actually settle. It turns out a kind of filtering field, but it is more miniature and concentrated.

Due to the small area of ​​water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, water purification is carried out even more efficiently (up to 90-95%). Such purification allows you to use water for watering the garden, washing the car and many other purposes.

From the fourth chamber there is a pipe that goes either to the storage tank or to the drainage ditch.

For a private house where people live permanently, a septic tank with a biofilter is an excellent solution. Adding microorganisms to a septic tank is easy - you just need to pour them into the toilet. This cleaning station has no restrictions. Its advantages include the fact that it does not need electricity. The downside is that it needs regular maintenance, as bacteria will simply die if left out of the sewage. If you add new bacteria, they will only work after 2 weeks.

Stations artificial purification- septic tank with forced air supply

This is an accelerated cleaning station, where natural processes occur artificially. The installation of a sewer system in a country house with an aeration tank is impossible without supplying electricity to the septic tank, which is required for an air pump and connecting an air distributor.

Such a septic tank has 3 separate chambers or containers that are interconnected. Through the sewer pipe, water enters the first chamber, where it settles and falls out solid waste into sediment. Then the partially purified water passes into the second chamber, which acts as an aeration tank, where activated sludge, consisting of microorganisms and plants, is mixed with water. All microorganisms and bacteria of activated sludge are aerobic, therefore forced aeration is extremely important for their vital activity.

Then the water is mixed with sludge and goes to the third chamber, which is a deep cleaning sump. Further, with the help of a special pump, the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank.

Forced air supply provides fast cleaning wastewater, and the water after treatment can be used for various technical needs (car washing, watering the garden, etc.).

Of course, the aerotank will cost you quite a lot (from $ 3,700), but at the same time it is very useful. When installing sewers of this type there are no restrictions. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting only the need for electricity, constant maintenance so that the bacteria do not die.

If your site has a high level of groundwater, then having concluded from everything written above, you can opt for several options:

• septic tank with biofilter;

A few general rules for sewerage in a private house

There are certain restrictions on the placement of the sewerage system.

Residential building location:

• 50 m from aeration treatment plants;
• 300 m from drain wells and station;
• 25 m from the filter field;
• 8 m from the filter well.

Septic location:

• not less than 20-50 m from any water sources (well, well, pond);
• not less than 10 m from the garden.

Before proceeding with the installation of sewerage in a private house, you must make its project. You should not work without it, since sewage is such a system in which approximation is unacceptable. It is better to contact a design bureau or architects who will help create a quality project, taking into account the climate, operating conditions, soil and site. It's good if you do a sewerage project along with a house project even before construction.

All work on the installation of the sewer system is not difficult. You only need to properly dilute the pipes around the house, connect them to the collector and bring them to the septic tank. For ground work, you need to hire an excavator, although you can do it yourself. The main is the development of the project and right choice sewer systems.

It is difficult to call a comfortable private house that is not equipped with a well-thought-out, well-functioning drainage system. It is as much a part of civilized existence as electricity, ventilation and heating. Such an important component of the home communications network is subject to environmental and efficiency requirements; The drainage system of a private house should be simple to arrange and easy to use.

circuit diagram sewers in a private house Source projject.ru

One of the main issues of improvement is sewerage for a private house; how to design it correctly and what to focus on during installation, the rules verified by experience will help you figure it out.

Varieties of sewerage systems in a private house

All houses located in the private sector are conventionally divided into two categories:

1. Houses with the ability to connect to the city (central) network. In most cases, the best option, with a long service life and no maintenance problems, unplanned expenses and water quality control.
2. Houses where connection to a centralized system is not possible. The fact that the city network is unavailable is not a reason to give up comfort. Under such conditions, the sewage system in a private house is reduced to an autonomous option, where water treatment and waste disposal takes place in locally installed treatment facilities.

You can also combine the sewer and drainage systems Source sovet-ingenera.com

Autonomous sewerage system includes:

• internal sewerage responsible for the collection of wastewater and their output to the outside. It includes internal wiring (piping system), as well as plumbing and Appliances.
• External sewerage. Its elements are external piping and a water treatment device (septic tank or autonomous sewer installation).

The most suitable (in terms of performance) type of individual treatment equipment is selected, taking into account several factors:

• seasonality of living in the house;
• intensity of water use;
• plot size, soil type and structure;
• groundwater level;
• climatic conditions of the region.

The first stage of sewerage installation is the development of a preliminary project scheme.

Rules for drawing up a sewerage scheme in a house

The sewerage scheme in a private house is tied to the plan of the house. It must contain key elements systems - a riser (if the building has more than one floor), pipe markings (internal wiring, corners and turns), water drainage points.

When designing, it is important to remember that an overly complicated circuit will cause problems during operation and repair in the future.

Internal wiring is laid during the construction of the house. Its installation begins when the roof of the house and floors are installed, but the finishing work of the premises has not yet been carried out. External sewerage is installed after internal system fully equipped. Below is a sewerage scheme for a private two-story house:

General scheme internal sewerage in two-story house Source strojdvor.ru

The order of drawing up the scheme:

• All drawings are built to scale, the place of installation of the riser, pipe laying lines, the number of drain points (connection of plumbing and household appliances) are applied to the plan.
• The size of the riser is determined, the total length of the pipeline is calculated (including the outlet), the exit point from the structure of the main riser.
• In places of possible formation of blockages, cleaning and revisions are provided.
• A separate drawing is built for each floor.
• The size and location of the installation of the vent pipe is calculated (in large sewer systems, it prevents the occurrence of vacuum in the sewer pipe)
• The scheme of external communications is built on the same principle.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer the service of design and installation of sewerage and water supply. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Video description

About the sewerage scheme with a fan pipe on the video:

The choice of pipes for internal sewage

Building codes allow the following categories of pipes:

• Cast iron. Traditional (until recently) solution. Cast iron products are strong, corrosion resistant and durable. The disadvantage is the weight and roughness of the inner surface. The latter quality contributes to the formation of deposits and the appearance of blockages. Pipes are ideal for laying in the ground.
• Plastic. They are lighter and cheaper than cast iron counterparts, have a smooth surface, but are less durable. Pipes for intra-house wiring are gray; intended for external use are made of orange plastic. The most popular options include:

1. Pipes from PVC(polyvinyl chloride). Frost-resistant and wear-resistant, the main disadvantage is high hardness. They soften from heat and are mainly used in outdoor applications.
2. Pipes from PP(polypropylene). Elastic, lightweight and durable. Valued for their heat resistance (they soften only at 140 C°), they are therefore ideal for indoor use.

Plastic pipes for indoor and outer contour Source cyberportal.ru

• Less common are ceramic and asbestos-cement analogues.

In practice, the installation of sewerage in a private house in most cases is carried out using products made of polymeric materials (plastic). The choice is determined by the absence of corrosion (plastic is resistant to aggressive wastewater environments), and easy installation of structures.

How is sewer wiring done

The most time-consuming part of the work is considered to be the wiring of sewers for a private house; how to carry it out correctly is indicated in the design and installation rules.

Inside the house

Elements of the sewerage system for a private house are mounted parallel to the construction of the building. Holes for internal wiring are laid during the construction of walls, partitions and ceilings.

Sewer installation technology provides for several types of pipes:

• Sewer riser, 100 mm in diameter.
• Main (between riser and outlet); diameter 70 mm.
• Branch (connected to the washbasin, bathroom, washing machine) - 50 mm.

Completed piping installation Source repair-pro.com.ua

The spillway system inside the house is gravity (non-pressure). To avoid blockages, pipes are mounted with a slope, the value of which is controlled by the level and depends on the diameter. A sewer pipe with a diameter of 40–50 mm is given a slope of 30 mm per running meter, with a diameter of 100 mm - 20 mm.

Completed ceiling wiring Source vodavdom.msk.ru

Horizontal wiring is performed using oblique tees and adapters (crosses) for connection. Turns are carried out using two knees with a smooth bend at an angle of 45 °; this arrangement reduces the risk of clogging. After each turn, revisions (cleanings) are provided. Right angles are allowed only in vertically arranged structures.

fan pipe

With a sharp entry into the sewer of a large amount of wastewater, the latter can completely fill the entire diameter of the pipe. At the same time, when the drains go down, an area of ​​​​low atmospheric pressure (vacuum) is created behind them, into which water from the siphon and air from the room are sucked in with characteristic sounds.

When the pressure equalizes, then without a water plug, the smell from the sewer enters the room back through the siphons. To prevent the occurrence of vacuum, a fan pipe with an air valve is installed - they are responsible for maintaining atmospheric pressure in all parts of the sewer system.

Fan pipe features:

• It is designed and displayed 50-70 cm above the roof.
• It must not be combined with a chimney or ventilation.
• It is not placed near windows or balconies.

Conclusion of the exhaust (fan) pipe through the roof Source zen.yandex.ru

outdoor part

Installation of the outer part of the sewer system begins after determining the location of the septic tank.

The outlet (the connecting link between the external and internal sewerage at the boundary of the room) is laid at the base of the house below the freezing point of the soil and is thermally insulated. If it was not provided during the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to drill a hole for the protective sleeve, 200-250 mm wider than the pipe diameter. Its edge should protrude from each side of the foundation by 15 cm. The space between the sleeve and the outlet pipe is filled with foam.

Laying of external communications Source mastez.ru

• It is reasonable to place wet rooms (kitchen, bathroom) side by side and at the same time as close as possible to the central riser. This will help to reduce the length of sewer communications to the riser, which will facilitate installation and further maintenance.
• A voluminous project (pool, bath, sauna), additional plumbing means a large amount of waste. A carefully designed water supply and drainage scheme, additional risers and septic tanks, and a pump connection will be required.
• Sewer pipes in a private house can be placed under the floor, in the walls or laid on top. Near the sink, in the shower and in the toilet, a water seal is arranged, thanks to which extraneous odors cannot enter the premises.
• It is unacceptable to arbitrarily change the slope. Its increase will lead to a deterioration in the self-cleaning of the system and the appearance of strong noise. When the slope decreases, the flow of water slows down, which is fraught with blockage.

Slope control when laying sewers Source remontik.org

• The complex topography of the site creates additional problems for laying a pipeline with a slope. In this case, an axonometric diagram is built that allows you to determine the position of the sewer elements in space. If difficult places cannot be bypassed, the solution will be to install a pump.

Video description

Clearly about some of the nuances of sewerage in the video:

Conclusion

A well-designed and organized sewerage system will help create the necessary minimum comfort for the inhabitants of the house. The achievement of this worthy goal is facilitated by the involvement of specialized specialists. And it does not matter whether it is a wooden house or a brick one - the principles of the system are the same everywhere.

The information from this article is useful not only for the independent performance of all work. With its help, you can find out what a modern sewerage system is for a private house, how to shop for components and design routes. This knowledge will help to competently control the actions of the construction team, prevent errors, and make adjustments to the project documentation.

Read in the article:

Basic definitions

The purpose of the project needs to be clarified. We will leave the issues of storm (5) and drainage (4) sewerage outside the scope of the article. The effluents in these systems are not too dirty, so there are no significant problems with their disposal.

It is more difficult to solve problems with household waste. They are discussed below. The figure shows the internal (1) and external (2) part of the autonomous sewage system for a private house. In this example, a septic tank (3) with a drainage field is shown, but other solutions are used in practice. For selection the best option you should take a closer look at them.

1. must remove domestic wastewater with sufficient capacity.
2. The lack of unnecessary difficulties in the process of their disposal will come in handy.
3. The absence of blockages and complex routine procedures will simplify operation.
4. The durability of system components will increase the intervals between overhauls.

For your information! For a correct assessment, consider in a complex all important factors. You supplement the purchase price of individual components with data on the service life, maintenance, other obligatory expenses in the course of use.

Principle of operation, sewerage device in a private house

In domestic systems, a gravity drain system is used. Drains move under the influence of gravity, so a sufficient slope is needed in all horizontal sections of the sewer system in a private house.

Sinks, showers, and other plumbing are connected through (5, 8). These simple devices create a hydraulic seal that prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer. The fan pipe (7) is needed not only for. It prevents vacuum in the upper part of the riser during a volley discharge of drains that block the working opening.

If the external part of the system is properly equipped, the liquid will be cleaned to a safe level.

Where to place the sewer on the site

For your information! When choosing a suitable place for placing a cesspool, it is referred to 15 m or more from the foundation of a private house. The distance can be reduced to three meters if you install a modern biological treatment station.

Related article:

From our materials you will learn the device, the principle of operation, the requirements for the location, the secrets of independent equipment of treatment facilities for a private house, as well as advice and recommendations from specialists.

The distance to the well is increased (30-50 m). On a relief site, a lowland is chosen for installation of a septic tank, away from residential premises. The distance to the borders of the neighboring area in order to avoid problems should be more than three meters.

Functional sewerage for a private house: how to make the right calculation

During the construction of housing, an autonomous sewage system is designed together with architectural components and other engineering structures. For accurate calculations, specialized specialists take data on the drain of individual points (plumbing, other equipment). They calculate the percentage of filling of the working channel, the speed of movement of the liquid, the slope and diameter of the pipes in different sections.

The following information will help you draw the right conclusions yourself:

1. At the stage of preparing a general construction project, install the connection points for appliances and equipment as close as possible to the riser.
2. IN high-rise buildings bathrooms are installed one above the other.
3. To prevent blockages, track turns are made at angles less than 90°. An exception is the vertical sections of the sewerage of a private house.
4. Special couplings are used for a smooth transition between different diameters.
5. On turns and long sections, an element with a removable side cover (“revision”) is installed to simplify inspection and remove blockages.

For laying sewers in a private house with your own hands, you can use the following standard sizes:

Expert opinion

Design Engineer VK (water supply and sewerage) LLC "ASP North-West"

Ask a specialist

“The distance to the riser should not be increased more than 5 m. The toilet bowl is recommended by specialized experts to be mounted no further than 1.5-2 m. If these rules are violated, the height difference for draining by gravity will increase significantly.”

With an increase in the distance to the vertical section of the fan pipe, it may not be enough to compensate for the vacuum. To solve the problem, special valves are installed in the right places of the sewer for a private house. They let air out of the room, but prevent the penetration of odors from the drain system without a hydraulic seal.

The current building regulations set the maximum height difference. For a horizontal section of the sewer for a private house 100 cm long, it should not exceed 15 cm. Otherwise, the fluid flow moves too fast, does not have time to wash off the pollution.

This table shows the optimal values ​​for different diameters drain systems while maintaining the normalized angles of inclination:

The choice of components for the sewerage drain system in a private house

To ensure good compatibility of all track components, it is recommended to use products from the same manufacturer. As a rule, specialized companies offer a varied catalog sewer pipes PVC. It is not difficult to clarify the sizes and prices of current offers using the Internet. Such products have significant advantages over analogues:

1. Reasonable cost implies low costs even when equipping large properties.
2. Light weight simplifies transport and work operations. Plastic systems sewers for a summer residence do not create an extra load. Therefore, reinforcement is not required. power frame buildings.
3. The standard connection system (with socket and integrated O-ring) speeds up installation work.
4. Such pipes are not subject to destructive impact corrosion, aggressive components of detergents.

Polyvinyl chloride is used most often when creating sewers for a private house. This material is used to create durable pipes that can be installed in a multilayer design at a depth of up to 8 meters (SN8 modifications). They maintain their integrity over a wide temperature range (from -10°C to +65°C).

Pipelines made of polyethylene are more plastic, designed for low temperatures but they can be damaged by UV radiation. They are for transportation only. cold water. Polypropylene pipes cost 2-3 times more than PVC pipes. They are able to withstand short-term movement of liquids heated up to +95°C. But it is unlikely that such properties will be needed at a great distance from plumbing fixtures.

Non-pressure gravity sewerage for a private house is not subjected to heavy loads from the inside. But even in this case, to maintain the integrity of the structure, you should choose gray PVC pipes with a wall thickness of at least 1.8 mm. For outdoor work, more durable products are purchased. To simplify identification, they are specially painted in orange.

When designing an external sewerage route for a private house, the following verification data can be used. They determine the permissible wall thickness for pipes with a diameter of 200 m:

For your information! The connection of the home and the outer part of the sewerage of a private house can be done using corrugations to prevent violation of the integrity of the system during ground movements. Elements corresponding in diameter (two-layer) with smooth inner walls are selected.

In sandwich constructions, ribs increase rigidity. Inner part made smooth for unobstructed passage of drains.

Execution of installation work without errors: pipe connection, correct slope and other nuances

How to properly make a sewer in a private house (connect individual parts into a single system) is described in the following description:

• After marking the dimensions from the plan, the pipe is cut at an angle of 90 °. To accurately perform this operation, use such a device (1). Use a hacksaw with a blade for metal, or a special tool.
• With a file (2), chamfer the end part at an angle of 15 °, remove minor defects at the site of the incision. The burrs are removed with a knife.
• For easy connection small plot(3) coated with a special lubricant (soap solution). Do not apply silicone sealant. It blocks the mobility of the connection, which must be preserved in this node.
• A rubber ring (4) is inserted into the recess. As a rule, such products are supplied assembled with a sealing element.
• At the next stage, insert one part into the other until it stops. The visible color of the marker put a mark (5) of the corresponding position.
• Next, the parts of the structure (6) are moved apart by about 1 cm.

This technology ensures reliable fastening and tightness of the connection. The created gap will prevent the route from deforming due to thermal expansion. plastic pipes during the operation of sewerage for a private house.

A working drawing can be created manually, without the obligatory compliance with the scale and exact drawings of individual products. But when compiling a package of design documentation for the sewerage of a private house, the following facts must be taken into account:

1. A sufficient slope is observed in all areas, the permissible maximum distance to the riser.
2. The route is laid without right angles, without creating obstacles to the drain.
3. Don't forget to install revisions in difficult places and in long stretches.

A similar drawing can be used as a basis for preparing a list of necessary sewerage components for a private house.

Related article:

In this material, we will consider in detail how its devices are mounted, we will also study it, and along the way we will find out the cost of such work when performed by specialists.

If the sewer pipes of a private house are installed in a concrete screed, reliable protection from external influences is provided, but repairs are difficult. The track can be mounted for wall panels, inside the frame structure of the floor. In these cases, access is easier, but the noise level increases. To create comfort and at the same time maintain the integrity of the walls, the risers are fixed through damping pads. In some situations, it is necessary to install special insulation that delays the sounds of the drain. The corresponding layers are made of polyurethane foam and other moisture-resistant materials.

The official instructions indicate the features of the use of their products. The following figures show examples with manufacturer's explanations:

The external part of the autonomous sewer for giving

For year-round living, you need a continuously functioning sewerage system for a country house. What to choose for the insulation of individual sections, the owner himself will decide. But this design must be strong enough, resistant to moisture.

An attentive person will notice that the picture shows the exit from the house, located above the ground. However, many houses are made with a basement (basement). In such buildings, it is easy to make the track below the level of soil freezing for a certain region.

But do not rush to draw conclusions. It is necessary to take into account the gradual slope and distance of the treatment facilities for a private house. It is possible that they will have to be installed at too great a depth. Additional protection against groundwater penetration will be required. The cost of supplying fluid to the drainage field will increase.

After determining the depth, check the passage of the route through the site. Under roadways, parking lots, other additional loads, protection from reinforced concrete slabs, or other structures. Pipes are laid on a pillow of sand, cleaned of stones and other large fractions. Separate parts of the structure are assembled according to the manufacturer's instructions. The necessary sections of sewerage for a private house are insulated.

As well as inside buildings, sharp turns are not used here to prevent the movement of drains. On long stretches of sewerage for a private house, revision wells are installed. Connection nodes with such elements and septic tanks are made movable. This will prevent damage from ground displacement during use.

Cesspool: low cost and big problems

How to choose an autonomous sewer in a private house will become clear after studying all the options. You should start with traditional designs, well-proven by centuries of operation.

The authenticity of the origin of the last picture is questionable. However, such structures were indeed used many centuries ago. Today they continue to fulfill their functional purpose.

However, the use of such projects for the sewerage of a private house is contrary to the norms of modern legislation. Oddly enough, but it is much easier to fulfill the requirements of SanPin with the help of a classic "house for dreams", located at a sufficient distance from the main building and other objects. Its depth is limited to 3 meters. This parameter is adjusted taking into account the actual level of groundwater. Structures without a bottom are allowed to be used with a total number of drains not more than 1 cubic meter. in 24 hours.

The permissible minimum distance to the well is determined by the geological characteristics of the site:

• clay - 20 m;
• loam - 30 m;
• sand - 50 m.

For your information! When carefully studying the issue, it is necessary to take into account the distances to the relevant objects in the neighboring areas.

If you want to comply with SanPin standards at no extra cost, use this drawing of an autonomous structure (pit latrine) as a basis

Closed tank: a simple solution, operating features

The figure shows important details:

• Hatch (1) for inspection and removal of accumulated drains.
• High neck (2), which allows the installation of the main part below the freezing level of the soil.
• Large ribs (3) that increase the rigidity of the structure.
• Pipe for removal of explosive gases (4). According to current building codes, its height above the ground is made less than 60 cm. The hole must be 10 cm or more in diameter.

The volume of sewage capacity for a private house is selected taking into account real needs. The main disadvantage is the rather frequent calls of the sewage machine. The depth is not made more than 2.5-3 m, so as not to complicate the removal of household waste using the typical length of hoses and the power of pumping equipment.

It is not difficult to figure out how to make a sewer in a private house (storage tank) of brick, reinforced concrete rings.

metal tanks rarely used due to low resistance to corrosion processes.

Septic tanks: an overview of technical solutions with professional recommendations

How to properly make a sewer in a private house will be easier to decide after a detailed acquaintance with the basics of technology. Through the transport system, wastewater enters the first tank. Here, large heavy fractions settle to the bottom, the processes of biological decomposition begin.

Through a special pipe, the partially purified liquid enters the second tank. Similar processes take place here, but with a noticeably smaller amount of mechanical impurities.

At the third stage, the smallest impurities are retained by a layer of granular backfill. The last container has no bottom. The liquid penetrates the soil and is additionally purified in a natural way. With the correct setting of all components, the system prevents contamination environment.

For your information! A clear advantage of the technology is the reduction in calls to the services of vacuum trucks.

The number of processing steps determines the degree of sewer cleaning for a private house. Therefore, for full reproduction, it is recommended to use at least two containers.

A closed third tank is installed here. After it, the liquid is discharged to a special aeration field. This part is formed from drainage (perforated) pipes. They are laid in rows with an interval of 40-60 cm on crushed stone bedding. Ventilation shafts are installed at all ends. Such structures provide effective cleaning without the use of additional biological and technical means.

In this sewer option for a private house, you will need an appropriate free area on the land to accommodate the drainage field. At high level groundwater, it has to be raised on artificial embankments. Here you will need to install an additional pump equipment and control automation. The exact costs can be calculated taking into account the terrain, the number of users, and other features.

To simplify the sewerage project for a private house, they purchase ready-made equipment kits. Manufacturers offer turnkey solutions in a wide range for different conditions and needs.

How to prevent environmental pollution with an artificial treatment plant

Automated sewage treatment plant for a private house. The price of such kits is the highest in the corresponding category of equipment. However, the significant initial investment is offset by several benefits:

• relatively small size;
• high-quality wastewater treatment;
• minimal hassle during operation.

In this model, the separation of contaminants is improved with the help of a productive aeration unit. Active air saturation of the sewer cleaning system for a private house accelerates not only biological, but also chemical reactions. Dissolved salts, iron and other impurities are converted into a solid precipitate. A well-purified liquid comes out.

When contacting specialists, the sewerage of a private house will be calculated professionally. The profile company will carry out delivery, installation and adjustment work, issue official warranty obligations. Comparing the costs of independently performing similar actions, one must take into account the cost of auxiliary procedures, the purchase of tools and consumables.

The above information will simplify the formulation of requirements for an individual project. They will help to implement it without errors and unnecessary costs. Specify the sewerage parameters for a private house using the comments to the article. Communicate with experienced craftsmen, express your own opinion about the products of different manufacturers. On this specialized information platform, valuable knowledge can be obtained completely free of charge.

Video, professional installation of plastic sewer pipes

Sewer drains in the house must be collected and sent to the central sewer or to or to.

This task is performed by the piping system inside and outside the house - internal and external sewage.

How to lay sewer pipes in a private house

The sewerage diagram shows two vertical pipes crossing the house from the basement to the roof − these are sewers, in which drains from nearby sanitary appliances are collected.

Drains from sanitary appliances move by gravity to the sewer risers, and from there to the horizontal sewers and further to the outlet of the external sewer.

Features of the movement of effluents through sewer pipes

When developing a sewerage scheme, be guided by the following.

With a volley discharge of water through the toilet, a portion of water filling all, or almost all, the cross section of the sewer pipe, moving along the pipe, acts like a piston. Behind the flow of water, a vacuum is created in the pipe, which, if there is no ventilation, sucks water from the siphons of sanitary appliances connected to the pipe downstream.

A pressure builds up ahead of the water flow, which pushes water out of the siphons of sanitary appliances connected upstream.

The effect of pressurizing the pipe is usually less pronounced, since the sewer pipe at the front end usually has an open outlet. The vacuum in the pipes with an improper sewage system in the house often leads to the suction of water from the siphons of sanitary appliances and smell in the house.

Similar processes in sewer pipes can occur:

• When emptying the tub or draining the washing machine under pressure from the pump.
• In very long supply pipes from sanitary appliances to the riser.
• With a large difference in height between the beginning and end of the supply pipe.

Rules for laying sewerage in the house

When developing a sewerage scheme for a private house, the following rules are observed:

1. The toilet must have a separate connection to the riser. No other sanitary appliances should be connected to the pipe between the toilet bowl and the riser. Failure to comply with this rule may lead to the fact that when flushing the toilet over the full cross section of the pipe, water will be sucked out of the siphons of other sanitary appliances.

2. Connection to the riser on the floor of other sanitary appliances should not be lower than the connection point of the toilet bowl. Otherwise, when flushing the toilet, sewage may appear in the drain hole of adjacent appliances.

Other sanitary appliances, except for the toilet, may have one common pipe to the riser.

3. When choosing the diameter of the pipes, they are guided by the rule - the diameter of the pipe leading to the riser should not be less than the diameter of the drain pipe of the sanitary appliance. If several devices are connected to one supply pipe, then the diameter of the pipe is taken according to the largest section of the branch pipe of the connected devices.

The diameter of the riser pipe should not be less than the diameter of the toilet drain pipe - 100 mm.; or 50 mm.- for a riser without a toilet bowl.

4. The length of the supply pipe to the riser from the toilet should be no more than 1 m. The length of the pipe connections from other sanitary appliances is not more than 3 m. For longer connections (up to 5 meters), it is necessary to increase the pipe diameter to 70-75 mm. Eyeliners longer than 5 m made of pipes with a diameter of 100-110 mm. It is not necessary to increase the diameter of the inlet pipes if the upper ends of the inlets are ventilated with an aeration vacuum valve or by connecting the inlet to the riser vent pipe. The length of the piping to the toilet can be increased provided that the end attached to the toilet is ventilated.

5. The slope of the pipes for effective self-cleaning should be within 2 - 15% (2 - 15 cm. per meter length). The difference in height between the beginning and end of the piping to the toilet should not exceed 1 m. For other eyeliners - no more than 3 m. If the height difference is greater, then ventilation of the upper end of the liner is necessary.

6. Avoid installing corner fittings with an angle of 90 degrees at pipe bends. The angles of rotation and connection of pipes must be formed smoothly, from standard parts with an angle of 135 degrees along the flow of the liquid.

7. Sewer pipes are laid with a socket in the direction - towards the flow.

8. Be sure to ventilate the risers. To do this, the pipes of the risers are brought up, at least 0.5 m. above the roof surface. The lack of ventilation leads to the appearance of vacuum in the pipes when draining water, emptying the siphons of sanitary appliances and the smell of sewerage in the house and on the site. Ventilation of the sewer riser should not be associated with the channels of natural ventilation of the premises.

9. For ventilation of risers and piping, in the cases indicated above, an aeration vacuum valve is installed at the upper end of the room. The aeration valve only allows air to enter the pipe, but does not release gases to the outside. The operation of the valve prevents the occurrence of a vacuum in the pipe, which leads to the emptying of the siphons of sanitary appliances. If an aeration valve is installed, it is not necessary to ventilate such a riser. But ventilation of at least one riser in the house should be done without fail.

10. It is necessary to provide soundproofing of sewer risers. To do this, it is better to place the risers in the niches of the walls, cover them with a layer of mineral wool, and sheathe the niches with drywall.

11. The riser pipe at the floor level is fixed rigidly. On the floor, between the ceilings, the pipes are connected and fixed in such a way as to ensure movement during temperature deformations. On the lower floor of the house in an accessible place, a hatch is installed in the riser - a revision.

12. Horizontal pipes connecting the risers and the outlet of the external sewage system are laid in the basement of the house along the walls, in the ground under the floor. Every 15 m. and at each turn in the pipes a revision hatch is installed.

13. The diameter of the horizontal pipes must not be less than the diameter of the riser pipes. The angles of rotation and connection of pipes are made at an angle of not more than 60 degrees. Pipes laid in the unheated part of the house are insulated.

Doing so is dangerous! A horizontal strobe in the wall for sewer pipes reduces the strength of the walls. The possibility of installing a horizontal strobe in the wall must be confirmed by the designer's calculation.

A device for laying sewer pipes in a vertical niche in the wall, to the entire height of the floor, or a horizontal strobe, leads to a weakening of the strength of the wall. You should not make niches and strobes anywhere, at your own peril and risk. Niches and strobes with a depth of more than 3 cm. for laying communications in the walls should be provided in the design of the house.

It is allowed, without agreement with the designer, to arrange vertical strobes in the lower part of the wall to a height of not more than 1/3 of the floor height.

Outside sewer outlet

Sewerage outlet - the outer section of the pipe from the house, is connected to the well of the central sewerage of the village (if any), or to a drainless storage septic tank for the removal of wastewater by a sewage machine, or to the septic tank of local treatment facilities on the site.

Outside, directly at the house, it is recommended to install an inspection well on the outlet pipe. In the well, it is recommended to install in the pipe check valve. The valve will prevent flooding of the underground part of the building (for example, when the septic tank overflows) and prevent rodents from entering the house through sewer pipes.

The outer pipe at the outlet of the revision well is connected to the central sewerage system or to the septic tank autonomous system sewerage of a private house.

The outer pipe to the septic tank is laid with a slope of 2.5 - 3%, at a depth of about 0.4 m. If the release length is more than 5 m., then the pipe along the entire length is insulated with a shell made of polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam.

The exhaust pipe must not be buried- otherwise, it will lead to the need to install a septic tank at a great depth, which will cost more and make it difficult to operate the septic tank.

Siphon in the sewer

The drain pipe of each sanitary appliance is connected to the supply pipe through a siphon. The siphon is a U - shaped elbow, in the lower part of which there is always a layer of drained liquid.

Some sanitary appliances, such as the toilet, have a built-in siphon. The layer of water in the siphon serves as a barrier to gases, preventing them from escaping from the sewer pipe into the room.

The siphon of a sanitary appliance may not be filled with water and pass gases into the room in the following cases:

1. With prolonged inactivity of the sanitary appliance, the water in the siphon dries up. During inactivity (more than two weeks), it is recommended to close the drain holes of sanitary appliances.
2. When water is sucked out of the siphon as a result of the vacuum created in the pipes. The risk of water suction from siphons increases with an increase in the length and a decrease in the diameter of the supply pipe, as well as in the absence of ventilation of risers and long supply pipes.

Fecal pumps with grinder for home

Drains move in sewer pipes by gravity, due to the laying of pipes with a slope.

However, situations sometimes arise in the house when it is difficult to create the necessary slope of pipes from sanitary appliances. For example, if a sanitary room is equipped in the basement of a house. Or it is necessary to move the drains a considerable distance (from the bath), and the required pipe slope cannot be created.

A fecal pump with a grinder is attached to the toilet. The pump also accepts drains from the washbasin.

For the reception and forced movement of wastewater, special electric fecal pumps are installed. The fecal pump has a device for grinding the contents of wastewater and pumping them into the pipes of the sewer system located above.

A pump for forced movement of wastewater is installed after each sanitary appliance or for pumping wastewater from a group of closely spaced sanitary facilities.

The fecal pump can raise wastewater to a height of up to 10 meters and move several tens of meters.

Inflow of air into the sewer pipes for ventilation occurs through the open end of a pipe in a septic tank or central sewerage well. The outlet of the sewer pipe, through which drains from the house enter the septic tank, should always be above the level of drains in it.

About the processes that occur during the movement of effluents through sewer pipes, about the design and correct use of the aeration valve watch this video:

Sewerage options - sewage disposal from a private house

What to do with drains in a private house if there is no central sewerage system nearby?!

There are two sewer options- sewage disposal from a private house:

1. Drain water into a drainless storage septic tank (reservoir, cesspool) with periodic, as it is filled, pumping out and removing wastewater by a sewage machine to the treatment facilities of the nearest settlement.
2. Installation of local treatment facilities at the site and discharge of treated water into the natural environment - into the ground or onto the relief.

The first method provides the minimum cost of construction sewers, but the annual operating costs (removal of wastewater) can be significant.

The sewerage option with local treatment facilities is more costly during construction, but can provide lower operating costs for the maintenance of the system.

Methods for cleaning sewer drains of a private house

In local treatment facilities, a biological method of cleaning wastewater from pollution is used. Wastewater treatment is carried out by microorganisms capable of decomposing organic pollution. The main task of biological treatment is the removal of organic matter from wastewater. Biochemical reactions occurring in the process of biological treatment partially remove many chemical elements from wastewater, reducing their concentration in wastewater.

Distinguish anaerobic(bacteria without oxygen) and aerobic(bacteria in the presence of oxygen) biological treatment processes.

Two types of local sewage treatment plants for a private house

For wastewater treatment of a private house use:

1. Anaerobic septic tanks, supplemented by ground treatment facilities with filtering drainage through the soil layer. In soil filters, the process of post-treatment of wastewater with the help of aerobic bacteria takes place.
2. Active septic tanks- treatment devices in which the process of intensive biological wastewater treatment with the help of aerobic bacteria has been established. Treated drains after an active septic tank, as a rule, are discharged into the ground or onto the terrain.

First option, anaerobic septic tank with drainage into the ground, as a rule, cheaper in the device and operation. Here, in the treatment facilities, conditions close to natural are created for the vital activity of microorganisms. A simple device ensures long-term and reliable operation of the sewer.

The second option with an active septic tank- more expensive and difficult to operate. An active septic tank is a high-tech factory-made device in which artificial conditions are created for the vital activity of aerobic microorganisms, which can significantly speed up the cleaning process.

Sewerage of a private house with an active septic tank provides the highest degree of wastewater treatment. Treated effluents from an active septic tank are sent to the ground through drainage system. With waterproof soils on the site, drains are dumped onto the terrain, into a ditch.

An active septic tank requires connection to the mains, does not tolerate long interruptions in the supply of sewage, is sensitive to power outages, needs constant monitoring of operation, as well as timely repair and maintenance.

Advantages - small dimensions, quick installation, independence from soil conditions on the site. For an economy class house, it makes sense to use an active septic tank when there is not enough space on the site for placing ground filter drainage or at a high level of groundwater.

Cleaning sewage drains of a private house in an active septic tank Topas

Autonomous sewerage system Topas is an effective and rational solution for the private sector, country and country estates, where there is a connection to central system sewerage is not possible. Many consumers have already evaluated the presented system and characterize it from the best side, but what is it?

The Topas septic tank is a wastewater accumulation and treatment system, as a result of which the purest industrial water is brought to the surface. The range of such devices is very wide - each buyer can choose the best product that can serve both a separate private house and a small cottage village.

The essence of autonomous sewage Topas

In the production of Topas septic tanks, foamed polypropylene is used; in addition, storage chambers are equipped with stiffeners. This production technology allows you to achieve the following device parameters:

• High strength characteristics.
• Installation of the system in all weather conditions.
• The operation of the system even in winter period time.
• Independence from the type of soil and the level of groundwater.

We note some advantages of autonomous sewerage:

• high level of water purification;
• there is no need to equip additional aeration sites;
• long service life;
• compact size, which allows you to install a septic tank in a minimum space;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of maintenance with a minimum of labor costs, financial costs and no need to call special equipment;
• secondary products of processing can be used as fertilizer, and purified water for irrigation of plantings;
• no foreign smells, noise;
• absolute tightness of the structure.

It is worth noting and cons of the system, although it is difficult to call it minuses:

• dependence on electricity;
• high cost of the product, but over time the costs will pay off;
• for installation, you will need to call a team of specialists, although self-assembly is possible.

The principle of operation of an active septic tank

The principle of operation of autonomous sewage can be divided into several stages:

1. Wastewater enters the receiving chamber, where it is cleaned from impurities and heavy contaminants. The filling level of the chamber is adjustable; after filling, the effluent enters the aerotank.
2. An aeration process takes place, as a result of which sewage is treated with oxygen and special bacteria.
3. The treated effluents accumulate in the sump, from where the sludge is subsequently pumped out, settling at the bottom.
4. Process water passes into the stabilizer, from where it can be disposed of into the ground or used, for example, for irrigation.

Rules for the operation of an active septic tank Topas

Any model of the Topas septic tank is equipped with detailed instructions on operation, but we highlight a few rules that must be observed:

1. In the event of a power outage, try to limit the flow of wastewater into the storage chamber to avoid overflow.
2. Do not allow harsh chemicals, alkalis, acids, etc. to enter the system. – they will destroy the useful microorganisms of the device.
3. Do not throw waste into the sewer that is not intended for it - food residues, bags, plastic, etc. solid household waste.
4. Sludge cleaning takes place twice a year.
5. Some parts of the device are subject to mandatory replacement, for example, Air Mac compressor membranes - once every 2 years, aeration elements - once every 12 years.

Installation of an active septic tank Topas

The installation of an autonomous sewage system will not cause any particular difficulties, the whole process is divided into several stages:

1. Search for a place where a septic tank will be installed - a distance of at least 5 meters must be maintained from the foundation of buildings, while it is worth remembering about trenches, a pit, a drain site that needs to be dug.
2. Digging a pit, the dimensions of which vary depending on the size of the station. With an unstable type of soil, formwork will have to be installed.
3. Laying a sand or concrete pad to prevent the station from floating up. For small models, a sand cushion is arranged, and for stations designed to serve a large number of users, it is made of concrete.
4. Installation of the station in the pit - manual or automatic method.
5. Laying sewer pipes.
6. Sealing sewer pipes at the points of their connection with the device. A special polypropylene cord is used, which is included with the station.
7. Connecting a power cord that runs underground in a corrugated pipe.
8. Backfilling with soil is the last stage in which water is simultaneously poured into the pit to a depth of 35 cm and covered with sand. The station must be completely submerged in the ground, otherwise there will be no normalization of external pressure.

Selecting a Standalone Station Model

When choosing a Topas septic tank, the following factors should be considered:

• number of future users;
• depth of the sewer pipe;
• method of ejection of treated effluents - forced or free.

Any model of the Topas septic tank will last a long time, subject to the rules of operation and installation. It is worth contacting professionals who will not only quickly and competently provide all services for the selection and installation of an autonomous station, but also provide warranty obligations for all installation work.

How to make an anaerobic septic tank and ground treatment facilities for autonomous sewage in a private house with your own hands

More articles on this topic:

Where to send sewerage in a private house

How to create a sewer in a private house. External and internal sewerage. The choice of materials and the location of the sewer. Installation of pipes and sewer drains.

When building a mansion, the sewerage scheme in a private house should play an important role. After all, the comfort of living and the availability of repair work sewers in the future.

Stages of laying the sewer system. Materials for creating sewers. Internal and external sewerage, what are the differences in them. Choice of location. Arrangement options. Selection of the necessary pipes. Tips and tricks for a secure installation.

Types of waste systems

During the construction of a new building, sewerage is an integral part. WITH modern materials and quantity useful information on the Internet, learning how to properly design a sewerage scheme in a private house with your own hands will not be a problem.

By following simple requirements, you can easily mount the waste system yourself, since you do not have to use outdated bulky materials.

Since the old grandfather's toilet has lost its relevance, especially in the cold season, three main types of waste systems are currently in operation:

• A system connected to a collective or city collector;
• Stationary waste collection point;
• Sealed tank;
• Stationary sewer well without bottom;
• Scheme of installation of bio-sewerage.

The principles of installing the pipe system in the house and up to the collector are almost the same for all types. It is convenient to carry out all the wiring around the house from PVC, and it is more rational to make a connection to the collection point with a HDPE pipe for technical purposes, since its length allows a seamless method. The main branch connected to the toilet is laid with a pipe with a diameter of 110 mm, all other standard points of water intake (sink, washing machine, shower cabin), are connected to the common system with pipes of the 50th diameter.

The only requirement is a 2-3 degree angle on the horizontal sections to ensure optimum water flow.

PVC sewer pipes have their advantages and disadvantages when installing a waste system:

• Easy way to connect. The whole circuit is assembled as a constructor, pipes and components are simply inserted into each other;
• The materials are light in weight compared even to HDPE materials;
• A simple way of fastening, including on a vertical surface;
• The only downside is maximum length free access 6 m.

Do-it-yourself sewerage scheme in a private house

Do-it-yourself installation of a sewerage scheme in a private house is possible for all types of sewerage, except for biosewerage. To implement this option, it is recommended to contact specialists. All the rest can be mounted independently, but when connected to a central system, a package of permits is required.

Where to start

The first step is to select the collection point type. The most profitable is connecting to a common city branch. The user makes a one-time investment in the installation and required materials and pays a symbolic amount for the services monthly. This option is not always feasible for suburban construction, but there is an alternative.

Stationary sewerage scheme of a private house: the depth of the pipe to the tank

The tank can be made from different materials.

It could be:

• Metal or plastic tank;
• concrete structure;
• Concrete rings mounted on a concrete base.

This method is acceptable even if there is a water well on the site, since liquid waste does not penetrate the soil with good waterproofing. The only downside is waste. Money for the services of sewers. The septic tank, as a rule, is mounted to a depth of 1.5-2 m. The pipeline is strongly recommended to be laid below the level of soil freezing, which can be determined from a special map.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

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Depending on the number of points of water intake, the working volume of the tank is selected, but it should be borne in mind that the standard volume of a sewage truck is 3 m3, that is, the volume of your tank must be a multiple of this indicator.

For example, if the volume of the tank is 5 m3, you will either overpay for the services of the second machine, or 2 m3 of the working volume will be filled once and become useless.

In the case of a standard family of 4, with occasional laundry, showers, and dishwashing, a 3 m3 container is filled on average in two weeks.

Option with leaky waste collection point

When implementing this type of sewerage, the location of the waste collection point is very important. Minimum distance from the house and outbuildings to the cesspool is 6-10 m. Otherwise, liquid drains wash out the soil and sandy foundation pad.

Execution options:

• Concrete rings installed on a drainage pad;
• Brick version of the cesspool;
• United in one system metal or plastic barrels with holes.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask an expert

Note! When using barrels, the base is laid out with gravel, since the weight of the loose soil will press the container into loose soil.

When laying sewerage in a private house, it is recommended that the moat be performed with a slope exceeding an angle of 2-3o for a more efficient process. The depth of the ditch for each case is different, depending on the size of the site and its location relative to the access roads.

The basic principles of the sewer pipeline

Depending on the number of communication drain points, a diagram of the internal arrangement of pipes is drawn up. For convenience, the diagram is drawn on graph paper. In the case of building a two-story building, in order to save materials, it is recommended to locate sanitary facilities and secondary drain points as close as possible to the collector. The main collector is mounted along one vertical line on all planned floors, all subsequent parts of the system are connected in series to the main line.

Technology pvc assembly materials is very simple, since any pipe can be shortened to right size. It is also recommended to equip each node with a closed system with an emergency adapter, in case of a blockage, or an adapter with a larger diameter.

Units located in closed piers are recommended to be connected using a sealant. It is recommended to avoid 90° angles to reduce the risk of clogging.

The principle of operation of the water lock

The water valve prevents the penetration of unpleasant odors from the sewer into the room. His device has the same design, the differences are only in size. Water serves as a kind of plug.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask an expert

Note! In the event of a long period of inactivity without operation, the water evaporates, and the water seal loses its functional qualities.

Vacuum valves and fan pipe

These two concepts are unknown to most people outside the plumbing profession. The purpose of these two elements is to prevent the discharge of air in the system when draining a large amount of water or during the operation of sewers, at the time of pumping out waste from the storage tank.

Undoubtedly, installing a sewer system is the easiest stage of construction compared to electricity or building walls, but there are many pitfalls in this stage.

Here is a list of some of them:

• When buying pipes and accessories, check the presence of a rubber gasket in the socket. She is often lost;
• It is strongly not recommended to connect the exhaust pipe to the ventilation system;
• In the case of a standard set of water consumption points (one toilet bowl, two sinks, a washing machine, a shower cabin), it is not necessary to install a fan pipe, you can limit yourself to a vacuum valve;
• When laying PVC pipes into the ditch, carefully monitor the joints, as the joints are unstable;
• It is strongly recommended to install an emergency drain to clean the sewer. It is installed as close as possible to the place where the pipe enters the house, in an accessible place.

Compared to other stages of construction, sewerage is the easiest to install, with the exception of bio-sewerage. Consult with experts or select specialized literature, as rash actions can destroy the bacteria present in the storage tank. For example, from a bleach-based toilet bowl cleaner, the bacteria will recover in a week.