Who rules the ball in the underworld: factors affecting the distance between sewer wells. Construction of wells for sewerage Distance between sewer wells

Wells play an important role in the operation of the sewer system. This is a necessary structure, without which the system will not function properly, or even completely clog. Sewer wells are not randomly located on the track, but have their own place. And each of them does their job. The number of installation of wells depends on the length of the route, turns, drops, as well as the diameter sewer pipes. The existing SNiP document clearly indicates the device, purpose, as well as the distance between sewer wells. Let's take a closer look at all types of sewer wells, their purpose and their installation locations.

Inspection sewer wells

This type of wells serves to inspect and control the sewer system. They also clean the pipeline in case of blockage. Inspection wells are installed on a long straight pipeline, bends, at the points of connection of the side sleeves, as well as at the point of change in the diameter of the pipe or its slope. Distance between installed pipe wells different diameter calculated, guided by the SNiP document. On a straight line with a pipe diameter of 150 mm, the distance between the wells should be 35 m. For pipes from 200 mm to 450 mm, the distance will be 50 m. There is probably no point in listing larger pipe diameters. They are mainly used in central sewer systems, with a large volume Wastewater. As you understand, with an increase in the diameter of the pipe, the distance between the manholes increases. This is because a larger diameter pipe is less likely to clog. There are cases when the distance can be increased up to 50 meters on a flat track with the same pipe diameter and without side arms. In everyday life in summer cottages and private courtyards, PVC pipes with a diameter of 110 mm are used for sewerage. On such networks, the distance between the wells can be reduced to 15 meters.

Rotary sewer wells

This type of well performs the same functions as a viewing well. Has the same device. And it got its name due to the fact that it is installed at the turn of the highway. Every turn or bend in a pipeline can become a blockage point. In order to have access to clean this section of the sewer, wells are installed at all turns and bends without exception. If the rectilinear distance between the rotary wells is large, then additional manholes are installed in this area.

Overflowing sewer wells

This type of well is installed in problem areas of the sewer, where it is impossible to maintain the correct slope of the pipeline. Take, for example, a large slope. In such a place, the correct slope of the pipeline cannot be maintained. And this entails a quick discharge of wastewater, which will not have time to take solid accumulations with them, and the pipe will clog over time. Therefore, in such places, overflow wells are installed according to a stepped system. The distance between such wells is determined individually and depends on the slope, but the difference should not be more than 3 m. If the sewer has a pipe diameter of up to 600 mm and the difference is less than 50 cm, it is possible to replace the overflow well with a viewing well equipped with a drain.

At the end of the sewer system, the so-called final well is necessarily installed. This is the place where all wastewater from the sewer is drained. It can be both filtering and accumulative. But the bottom line is that in front of this well or in front of a tie-in to the city highway, a control well is installed at a distance of 1.5 m.

Distance from the building

At the exit from the building of the sewer system, the first well is necessarily installed. According to the norms, it should be located at least 3 m from the wall of the building in the direction of the flow, but not more than 12 m. Basically, the length of the outlet of the manhole from the wall of the building should not be more than 8 m. If this distance cannot be maintained, then an additional well.

When building a sewer, maintaining a distance between wells, do not neglect sanitary standards. Remember that in addition to the correct distance between them, the distance of the well from the reservoir, drinking spring, garden plantings must be maintained. The distance to the water well depends on the material of the pipe from which the water supply is made. But in any case, at least 5 m. If it is a drain well, then it is located at least 10 m from the water supply.

As you understand, any sewer, built according to all the rules and regulations, eventually requires cleaning and maintenance. Therefore, so that you do not have to open the entire network when the pipes become clogged, install the wells correctly. Having withstood all distances in accordance with established standards, you can always get to the problematic section of the pipeline and carry out an audit.

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Regulatory documents are very difficult to master, especially for non-professionals. To understand all the requirements for engineering networks, you need to spend a lot of time processing a large amount of material. It is also quite problematic to find exactly the information you need on the web: often the search results turn out to be completely different from what they should be.

This article will describe all the information that relates to sewer systems, the main types of sewer wells, their parameters and requirements for structures will be considered.

Sewer systems of private houses

In the arrangement of suburban areas, autonomous sewer systems are often used, which are distinguished by the presence of a large number positive qualities. Some systems are more cost effective than using a central manifold, while others are the only possible solution sewer problems.

For normal operation outdoor sewerage and ensure quality service, the design of the system must be arranged in accordance with the norms and rules reflected in the relevant documents.

The installation scheme of the sewer system and its operation largely depend on factors, which include:

topographic indicators of the selected territory;
types of soils located on the site;
the presence of water sources near the site;
layout of engineering underground networks that are already present on the territory.

The sewerage device can be quite simple: simplest design consists of a single piece of pipeline that transports wastewater to a pit or septic tank located outside the building. You need to know how far from the house to make a septic tank. The simplest septic tank can be made from car tires stacked vertically on top of each other: drains will still be filtered, and solid fractions are periodically pumped out by a sewage machine. This design is well suited for installation in suburban or small urban areas. In order for the sewer to work normally, it is enough for it to provide a constant slope and periodically pump out.

It is much more difficult to arrange a sewer system in a site that has a difficult terrain, or where a source is located. drinking water. In this case, the sewage system must comply with the sanitary requirements that apply to septic tanks or waste storage tanks. In addition, the design of the system can be complicated by connecting a drainage system to it and storm drainage. See also: "".

This design consists of several separate pipelines, so a large number of wells will be required for its operation. To ensure the operability of the system, you need to either contact the specialists, or carefully study all the nuances associated with the requirements for sewage.

Types of sewer wells

The main document that defines design features sewer elements and the distance between sewer wells - SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”. The document contains a large number of requirements, but there is no need for owners of private houses to study them all - it is enough to deal with the problem of local drainage (read also: ""). The main thing you need to know is that any sewer system requires intermediate wells, and they will be installed depending on various factors.

Distance between manholes according to SNiP

Manholes should be installed in such situations:

in the presence of an extended pipeline running in a straight line;
if there are turns or bends in the pipeline, as well as when the diameter of the pipes changes;
in the presence of branches of the structure.

The function of manholes for sewers is to monitor the system and the ability to gain access to its interior for maintenance.

Determines the distance between the SNiP sewer wells, and according to it, the following rules must be followed:

with a pipe diameter of 150 mm, wells are installed every 35 meters;
200-450 mm - 50 m;
500-600 mm - 75 m.

A further increase in the diameter of the pipes allows you to increase the maximum distance between the sewer wells even more. However, the probability of the appearance of such a structure on suburban area is extremely small, because the volume of waste produced by 3-4 people does not require wide pipes. The use of large pipes can be justified if absolutely all wastewater passes through the sewer: precipitation, bath water, and direct waste from a residential building.

As a rule, when arranging private sewer systems, pipes with a diameter of 100 mm are used. When using them, the distance between the sewer wells is defined by SNiP as 15 m. In the event that the sewer does not have bends, branches, and the diameter of the pipeline does not change throughout its length, then the distance can be increased to 50 m.

Rotary wells for sewerage

This type wells in its purpose and design is absolutely identical to the inspection ones, with the only difference that rotary wells are mounted in places where the direction of the pipeline changes. Sharp bends with large angles of rotation are usually the areas most likely to become clogged, so they need to be given special attention. It is this function that rotary wells perform.

The distance between the rotary sewer wells is usually calculated based on the length of the straight sections between the bends of the pipeline. If the pipeline section is longer than specified by the regulatory document, then it must be equipped with inspection wells to ensure a sufficient level of control over the operation of the system.

Drop wells

Installation of sewerage on a site with difficult terrain is a rather troublesome business. If the territory has a noticeable slope, then the slope of the pipeline will also be appropriate, which is absolutely impossible to allow: wastewater moving at high speed will gradually settle on the walls of the sewer system, thereby clogging it and rendering it unusable.

Regulatory documents in this case speak of the need to install differential wells, which are installed in steps and compensate for the high speed of waste transportation, saving the structure from blockages (more: "").

In this case, SNiP does not determine the specific distance between sewerage wells, but imposes some design requirements:

firstly, the height of one drop must be less than three meters;
secondly, with drops up to 0.5 m deep (when using pipes with a diameter of up to 600 mm), drop wells can be replaced by inspection wells using drains.

You should always remember that any sewer system ends with a spillway point, in which the final well is necessarily located, requiring an inspection hatch.

Other regulations

In addition to the standards described above, which are often a problem for owners of private plots due to their inaccessibility, there are others that must also be followed in order to avoid problems with the functioning of the sewer in the future. For example, minimum distance from the sewer well to the building should be 3 m, and the maximum - 12 m, regardless of the type of well used. The distance from the house to the sewer well is a rather important indicator that must be observed. It is important to consider the distance from the cesspool to the well. In addition, it is important to always remember the existence of sanitary standards that determine the removal of elements of sewer systems from reservoirs, water sources, vegetable gardens and orchards.

Conclusion

Installing a sewer system on your own site is not a big problem. All installation work related to laying pipelines and arranging sewer facilities are quite simple, and any homeowner can do them (read also: ""). About all types of work, you can find other articles on this site, and then everything will become very clear.

The arrangement of water supply or sewerage in a private area requires a careful and measured approach. Especially the distance between the sewer wells and the installation of a drainage system from the house. If you do not follow the rules prescribed in SNIP 2.04.03-85, this threatens to pollute water supply sources through the ground, failure of the foundation of a house or any other structure, as well as disruption of the water supply and sewerage due to clogged pipes and the inability to provide proper repairs.

When installing water supply and sewerage pipes in a private house, it is necessary, firstly, to take into account all topographical factors that can affect the efficiency of communication. These are:

All types of soils in the assigned area;
The possibility and risk of stumbling upon a quicksand when installing a drainage well;
The presence on the site or near it of a neighboring source of water supply (well, well, etc.);

Important: if you take into account the listed factors, the installation of sewer pipes near the house will be carried out in accordance with all the rules of SNIP.

Simple sewerage device

According to SNIP, the arrangement of the simplest straight collector near the house should take place provided that the receiving well is located at a minimum distance of 5 meters from the house and other buildings. Ideally, if the distance is increased to 12 meters.

In this case, the pipes must be located in a straight line without bends and turns at a slope towards the septic tank. The slope level must be an acceptable value and be at least 1 cm per 1 meter of pipe.

In such a well, settled water will drain into the ground through drainage, and the remaining particles of decomposed effluents must be pumped out using a sewer.

The device of the sewerage on a site with a problem relief

According to the rules of SNIP, the installation of a sewer collector with a complex configuration must be carried out according to the following rules:

When using pipes of 100 mm diameter, the distance from the well to the well should be 15 meters.
The maximum distance between sewer wells is regulated depending on the diameter of the pipes (assuming a straight collector). So, with pipes d = 150 mm, the distance between the wells can be 35 meters. This segment is considered optimal for effective work collector and its maintenance.
If there is a place to be the arrangement of a complex collector for mass use, then according to the rules of SNIP, the distance between the manholes can be increased to 75 meters.

Important: the parameters described in SNIP apply only to collectors located in a straight line. Moreover, an increase in the diameter of pipes in a private area should be carried out only if absolutely all drains pass through the collector - storm, household, ground, etc.

Sewerage device with drops and turns

If the sewer collector has a complex configuration and many turns, then inspection rotary wells must be installed at the knees. Since it is these places that are the risk zone for the effective operation of the sewer, access to them must be year-round.

According to SNIP, the distances between rotary wells are not regulated. The number of rotary wells directly depends on the number of collector bends at right angles.

If we are talking about the complex terrain of the site, which goes down a large slope, then according to the SNIP, it is necessary to install differential wells, which must be mandatory. Thanks to such tanks, the speed of wastewater will be reduced, which means that the entire sewerage system will be protected from sedimentation of sewage sludge, which can move at high speed under a large slope. This is absolutely impossible to avoid in order to avoid blockages in the collector.

According to SNIP, when installing drop wells, the following requirements must be met:

The total height in the case of one drop should not be more than three meters;
If the drop is minimal and its height does not exceed 0.5 meters, and subject to the use of pipes, d of which is 600 mm, the drop-type tanks can be replaced with viewing tanks, but subject to the presence of a drain. But it is known that when arranging sewerage in a private area, pipes of 100 mm diameter are mainly used, so the installation of an overflow tank cannot be avoided.

Important: if you find it difficult to independently develop a plan for the location of the sewer collector, taking into account all the rules, then it may be better to invite specialists who will draw up correct scheme pipeline installation.

Without being a specialist in the field of construction of engineering communications, it is very difficult to understand the regulatory literature governing the technology and procedure for such work. When trying to find information written in an accessible language on the network about the device of a household sewer network for country house, often come across articles of indistinct content.
Some of them have nothing to do with the search query at all. For example, a twine well is a master class that tells about making decorative crafts.
You have to spend a lot of time searching for the right information, literally break a lot of sites. To make this task easier for you, in this article we will briefly outline the regulations adopted by building codes and rules regarding the construction of structures for outdoor network sewerage.

Sewerage of a private house

Quite often the owners country houses decide to acquire autonomous systems water supply and sewerage. In one case, in order to save on public services, the price of which is growing every year, in another - due to the banal lack of centralized networks in the village.
In order for the external sewer network arranged by your own hands to work normally, so that if necessary you can eliminate the malfunctions and malfunctions that have arisen in it at any time, you need to build it in compliance with certain rules.
The scheme for the removal, treatment and removal of wastewater from the house depends on many factors, including:

Topographic conditions of the site;
Soil type;
Availability of water supply sources on the site or in close proximity to it;
Location of already existing underground utilities - water supply, gas pipeline, power cable, telephone line, etc.

The sewer network can be very simple and consist of one straight section of pipeline connecting the house network with cesspool or a septic tank (see), located at a small distance from the house. It can even be a well made of tires, in which effluents are filtered or accumulated until the next pumping out by a sludge pump.

Such a simple scheme is often used for summer cottages or small private houses. For its normal functioning, it is enough to withstand the required slope when laying the pipeline and pump out the well in time.
It is much more difficult to arrange sewage if the house is located on a site with difficult terrain, if, due to the presence of a well or a drinking well, it is necessary to comply with sanitary requirements for the location of septic tanks or storage tanks, arranging them at a considerable distance from the house.
Often, owners of country houses combine drains from several buildings located on the site into one network, include in it drainage system and storm drains. In this case it turns out complex scheme from several pipelines extended along the length and several wells for various purposes.
It is the need for their device and the distance between sewerage wells that often raise questions among those who decide on their own, without the participation of specialists, to organize such a network.

Types and purpose of wells

There is a document regulating the arrangement of various sewer structures and the distance between them - SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage. External networks and structures”.
We will focus only on those points that relate to the domestic drainage network from a private house. Throughout the external sewage pipeline, depending on its length, the slope of the terrain and other circumstances, it is necessary to arrange intermediate wells.

Manholes

These structures are built into the network in the following cases:

Large length of a straight pipeline;
Changing the direction of the pipeline, its diameter or slope;
The presence in the network of nodes in which a side pipeline is connected to a common highway.

Inspection wells are designed to organize control over the system, provide access to its problem areas in order to clean and eliminate blockages.

According to SNiP, the maximum distance between sewer wells of this type depends on the diameter of the pipe and is:

With d150 mm - 35 meters;
With d200-450 mm - 50 meters;
With d500-600 mm - 75 meters, etc.

That is, the larger the diameter, the farther apart the manholes can be. Such overall pipes, if they are used in the construction of a household sewer system, then only if the volume of effluents is large enough.
For example - the total from several separate buildings (house, bathhouse, guest house). Or when rainwater from roofs and paths is discharged into the general network.
Pipes with a diameter of 100 mm (weaving) are used much more often. On such a pipeline, the distance between the inspection shafts is assumed to be 15 meters.

Note. If the diameter of the pipe is the same throughout, the pipeline is straight and has no side connections, the minimum distance between the sewer wells can be increased to 50 m.

Rotary wells

Having a purpose and design similar to inspection wells, rotary wells are installed on the bends of the pipeline. Any such bends, which cannot have an angle of rotation of less than 90 degrees, are areas with an increased risk of blockages, therefore inspection shafts must be arranged above them.

So:

The distance between is determined by the length of the straight sections between the bends.
If the length of this section exceeds the number of meters specified by the standards, additional revision well shafts are additionally equipped on it.

Drop wells

If the site on which the sewer network is installed is located on a slope, the slope of the underground pipeline being laid may turn out to be too large. This should not be allowed, since at a high wastewater flow rate, solid fractions can settle at the bottom of the pipe, gradually creating blockages.

In this case, the instruction requires the installation of overflow wells, forming a stepped system. The distance between them depends on the features of the relief and in each case is determined on the spot.
The following rules are taken into account:

The maximum depth of the drop should not exceed three meters;
If the drop is less than half a meter (on pipelines with a diameter of up to 600 mm), instead of a drop, a manhole with a drain is allowed.

For reference. The end point of the sewer system is a filter or storage well.

Other regulatory requirements

In addition to those described, there are other requirements for the external sewerage device. For example, the distance from the house to a sewer well of any kind and purpose (the first in the direction of flow) should be at least 3 and not more than 12 meters.
Do not forget about sanitary norms, regulating the location of sewer wells and pipelines in relation to reservoirs, sources of drinking water, water pipes for domestic and drinking purposes, fruit trees and horticultural plantings.

Conclusion

In principle, the improvement of your own home is not the most difficult task. Work on laying pipes and installing sewer facilities is quite within the power of any homeowner.
How to do this is described in the video in this article and in other materials on our site. But if certain norms and rules are not observed, even a carefully and accurately installed system may cease to function normally, and in order to clean or repair it, you will have to open the entire line in search of a blockage.
This will not happen if you have access to the most problematic areas and the ability to control the operation of the system.

The question of where to dig a well, in order to be sure that the water in it will be clean and in large quantities, worries those who are going to organize water supply to a summer cottage from this hydraulic structure. It would seem that the question concerns only the location, but it should be noted that there are special documents public institutions, which accurately determine the distance from the well to the house and other buildings and structures. One of them is SNiP 30-02-97, which deals with the planning and development of summer cottages.

Well construction near the house

Standards for the location of the well in the country

But in any document, even in the designated SNiP, one cannot find the exact standard distances when it comes to a well for drinking water. The thing is that the well itself, as such, does not carry loads on the building. Therefore, you can often find wells that are dug inside the house. True, it is necessary to make a reservation that this type of structure is possible if the house is not built on a shallow foundation.

Shallow foundation structures are usually built for small, lightweight buildings. When digging the soil inside the house or near the foundation, its movements may occur, which will affect the quality of not only the foundation structure, but also the main structure as a whole. Therefore, it is for such cases that there is a norm of the distance from the well to the building. It should not be less than 3 m.

Local water supply network

But it is also necessary to take into account the fact that the well can act as a source of water, which is the place of intake for the local water supply network. If you install a pump in a well shaft and connect it with a hose or pipe to the piping of the internal water supply, you can guarantee the constant presence of water in the house. And in this regard, the closer the well structure is to the house, the better.

Firstly, in this way, the distance from the source to consumers is reduced, which makes it possible to shorten the water line and use a pump with less power. And that's a good money saver.
Secondly, small size suburban area do not give the opportunity to build on a grand scale or carry out decoration territory. Therefore, compactness is the main requirement of development.

Distance from the well to sewer facilities

As for the rest of the buildings or objects, the well can be built at a distance:

more than 30 m from buildings where cattle or poultry are kept;
more than 4 m from the planted trees, this is in case the roots of the plantations get to the well and begin to destroy it;
more than 1 m from shrubs;
and at least 30 m to cesspools, septic tanks, sewage system sewage wells, toilets and other objects associated with sewage or pollution.

Attention! Optimal Condition- if the well will be dug higher than the sewer facilities are located. And here, not only own buildings are taken into account, but also neighboring ones.

The photo below shows the layout of the well relative to the main house and other buildings in the summer cottage. At the same time, the author of the drawing outlined the ideal location, which guarantees that the water inside this hydrotechnical facility will always be drinkable.

The ideal location of the well in the suburban area

Features of the building

Choosing a place for a well, in principle, is not very difficult if you have a development plan for your summer cottage. This will be especially important for those who are just starting to equip the cottage. If the house is still only in terms of construction, then you can safely dig a well, which it was decided to organize inside the building. Moreover, during the construction of buildings, water will be required, so the construction of a water source will be very important precisely at the first stages of landscaping a suburban area.

If the foundation is already filled, then in this case it is also possible to dig a well shaft inside. Although there is no problem to do this with the house already erected. Simply, the more free and open space, the easier it is to dig the soil.

It should also be taken into account that the well inside the building is a loss in the usable area of the house. If the total area is large, then there will be no problems. But in small buildings, where everyone counts square meter it is better to refuse such an undertaking. It is also possible in the basement, if such is provided for in the project of the house. The well shaft will have to be cleaned regularly and sometimes repaired - this is the installation of a cleaning block, dirt and debris, so the space around the well should be easily cleaned, and Decoration Materials be resistant to moisture.

As for the well near the foundation or anywhere else, this is the easiest. The matter can only be complicated by the presence big trees, whose roots have an extensive network of occurrence. Therefore, it is worth considering even such seemingly not the most stringent requirements and conditions.

Well inside the house

But, as practice shows, shallow wells will create the most trouble. This primarily suggests that the aquifer lies very close to the surface of the earth. When digging a mine, water from the horizon rises by 1.5-2 m, filling the water collector. That is, its location becomes even higher. And if it is wrong to carry out the construction of the mine and the formation of the shaft, then there is a high probability that, seeping through the walls of the lining of the walls of the mine, the water will begin to wash away the foundation itself. And this is already a big problem.

Therefore, it is very important to take care of sealing the trunk of the well structure. Especially if it is finished with wood, stone or brick. In this plan reinforced concrete rings guarantee maximum tightness.

So, the distance from the well to the house and other buildings in the summer cottage is a very important value. From the foregoing, we can conclude that most often this indicator affects both the purity of the water in the well and the technical condition of the house, primarily the foundation.

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