Projects of houses with a flat roof. Experience in operating a country house with a flat roof in Russia How to build houses with a flat roof

Still an unusual decoration country cottages- flat roof. It is believed that flat roofs are intended only for urban development or for industrial buildings. But it's not. The roofs of houses in historic neighborhoods are often pitched. And at a private house you can make a flat roof.

Now we will look at what it is, what are the advantages / disadvantages and how to make a flat roof with your own hands.

Types of flat roof

Structurally, flat roofs are divided into two main types: on beams and those with a concrete slab at the base.

Flat roofs are never completely flat, there is still a small angle (within a few degrees). This is necessary for the flow of water. Otherwise, it will stagnate on the roof.

Most often, internal drains are arranged on flat roofs: funnels are mounted in the roof, risers from them pass through the interior. Funnels are placed on the lower part of the roof, at the rate of one riser per 150-200 squares.

The waterproofing around the funnels is reinforced, cable heating is also recommended (so that the water in the riser does not freeze). If a flat roof without a parapet, and a decent angle (from 6 degrees) drainage system can be standard external, as for pitched roofs: gutter and pipes.

Roofs are subdivided according to functionality, the device of the roofing pie and the type of coating. Here are some of the main varieties:

The unexploited roof is flat. It is built solely for the sake of originality and economy of material. It does not need to strengthen the structure.

Operating flat roof. It can be used for any purpose, from the placement of an outdoor pool and ending with a parking lot.

The type of overlap depends on the intended purpose: it is obvious that with high expected loads, the base should be a concrete slab. But this does not mean that the entire building should be brick or concrete. For example, a flat roof in a wooden house can also be exploited. Of course, it cannot be used as a heliport, but it is quite possible to arrange a solarium, set up a garden or put up a gazebo for tea drinking. Of course, a sparse crate cannot be made, only a solid one.

traditional roofing. The classic version of the roofing cake: a waterproofing layer on top of the insulation, the base is concrete, for the outflow of water - expanded clay concrete (sloping screed).

Inversion roof. Here, the insulation lies on top of the waterproofing and protects it from damage. The floor can be finished with paving or ceramic tiles, you can also plant a lawn here. A mandatory requirement for an inversion design is an angle of 3-5 degrees.

Roofs are attic and non-attic. Both types have their advantages: the presence of an attic allows you to place all the necessary communications on it (ventilation pipes, expansion tank heating, etc.), a barren roof can be made exploitable.

One of the options for a non-attic design is a flat combined roof: the attic floor is combined with the roof, the lower side is the ceiling in the living room.

note

According to the device, these roofs differ from simple non-attic ones; it is impossible to make them exploitable.

With a house height of ten meters or more, as well as on exploited roofs, a parapet must be installed without fail. For exploited - not less than 1.2 meters.

If the roof is not in use, and the cottage is low, you can make a flat roof without a parapet or install fencing bars instead, or even do without them.

General arrangement of a flat roof

It is obvious that in exploited roofs for various purposes device will be different:

When constructing a pool - increased attention to waterproofing;

A “green” roof is also a solid waterproofing plus soil filling, etc.

The most common coating is flat roofing. This is cheapness, simplicity and high laying speed, excellent waterproofing. The cheapest material that can be used to cover a flat roof is roofing felt.

Flaws roll materials(and roofing material in particular) - low durability, low mechanical strength. For exploited roofs "with high traffic" tiles are preferable.

Flat roof from and a flat roof made of corrugated board can only be made in an unexploited version and with the necessary slope. When choosing a material, you need to read the instructions for the model: some types of profiled sheets and metal tiles can be laid on roofs with a slope of less than 11 degrees.

Some brands of corrugated board can also be used as a base for an unexploited roof, instead of plywood or concrete slab.

There are other coating materials for unused roofs:

Polycarbonate;

Pros and cons of flat roofs

Advantages:

Original look. Flat roofs in cottages are rare.
Possibility of exploitation.
Flat roof - easy installation and savings on materials. But it depends on how you plan to operate the roof. And then the construction will cost even more than the expensive pitched roof from ceramic tiles.
Laying, maintenance, repair on a flat roof is easier than on a slope.
Flat roofs are windproof, pitched roofs have windage.

Minuses:

A flat roof leaks more often than a pitched one. It is necessary to constantly monitor the condition of the waterproofing layer.
The need to clear the roof of snow.
Flat rolled roofing requires more frequent repairs and resurfacing than metal profiled, tiled and other pitched roofs.

So which roof is better, flat or pitched? Exclusively a matter of taste.

Building a flat roof

Consider the option when the profiled sheet is used as the basis of the roof:

1. Sheets are laid on the beams (rafters). The step between the rafters depends on the profile. For example, for load-bearing profiles with a corrugation height of 6-7.5 centimeters (H60, H75), the step between the beams is 3-4 meters.

2. Laying a vapor barrier film. The film is laid with an overlap, the joints must be sealed with mounting tape.

3. Thermal insulation. Mineral wool boards are usually used for this purpose. Please note that the corrugation depressions also need to be filled with insulation.

4. Waterproofing. For this purpose, a polymer film is suitable. If the insulation is mineral wool, you can also use built-up waterproofing, because. cotton wool is a non-combustible material.

5. Finishing coat. You can also use fused. A roll is slowly rolled out over the roof, heating it with a burner along its entire length. The deposited coating is pressed against the roof and smoothed out.

6. On flat roofs it is possible to lay the built-up roof in several layers.

In other cases, a flat roof over wooden beams is arranged more traditionally: a solid plywood or OSB crate is nailed onto the beams, laid roofing cake(vapor barrier + basalt wool), guide the waterproofing layer and roll roofing.

If you are interested in a flat roof with a more complex device, please contact us: we will perform a roof of any complexity quickly and at an affordable price.

There are many roof design options for a private house. Today, along with tent structures modern technologies and materials allow you to create flat options. It is worth considering in more detail what a house with a flat roof is, its design features, pros and cons.

Description

Traditionally, in temperate and northern latitudes, a hipped roof with sloping slopes was erected, which prevented the accumulation of snow cover on the surface and allowed heavy precipitation to flow down to the rain drain system. Flat-roofed houses were common in the southern regions, where there was no heavy rainfall, and snow did not fall at all in winter. But the development of building technologies and the emergence modern materials, especially waterproofing, made it possible to create a horizontal roof without problems in any region, even in the Far North.

A flat roof is a ceiling that is located horizontally directly above the residential floors of a private house. Several layers of insulating materials that protect against moisture, cold and steam, as well as a drainage system, allow you to create reliable top protection in a one-, two- or three-story private house.

Do not be afraid that on the ceiling last floor leaks will appear, because with a competent approach and quality materials they are completely out of the question. The main thing is to properly operate such a roof and change the coating in a timely manner in accordance with the warranty period.

In buildings with a straight roof, functionality is increased, since the roof surface can be used. In many ways, the installation of such buildings is simplified compared to tented options, where it is necessary to build truss system. They also have many other advantages.

Principle and types of construction

To begin with, it is worth noting that a flat roof in a private house is not strictly horizontal, in order to prevent water from accumulating and draining it, a surface slope of about 5-7 ° is provided. The principle here is the same as that of the weirs of a pitched roof - they are located at a slight slope, which is invisible from the ground, but allows all the accumulated moisture to drain into the downpipe. Also on a flat roof: water collects in a certain place due to the unevenness of the surface, but the site looks horizontal, you can safely break a lawn or equip a recreation area on it.

The drainage system on such a roof contains special funnels, into which rainwater flows under the influence of gravity and then, using a hose system, goes into the sewer or underground. These devices are made of plastic, not subject to moisture and decay, are mounted in layers of insulation on the roof, and are provided with a protective mesh on top so that the neck and drainage systems do not clog. One such water intake funnel is designed for approximately 100-150 square meters. m of roof area, from here you can calculate their total number. Usually 1-2 pieces are enough for a small country house.

A flat roof can be exploited and non-exploited. If it is practically not used, that is, it is climbed several times a year to check the integrity and current repairs, then the coating contains the following layers from the bottom up: thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing. The flooring technology here is practically the same as in residential multi-apartment and industrial buildings.

There are the following common types of non-exploited flat roofs: from corrugated board and monolith.

The first option is the frame. First on concrete base a crate is mounted from a metal profile or wooden beams, they are placed in it insulating materials. Then profiled metal sheets are attached to the frame. This is a relatively cheap option, easy to install, the design has no big weight. But it is practically impossible to walk on such a roof, because the profiles will bend and deform.

Monolithic coating for a flat roof contains several layers. A vapor barrier film of hot bitumen is laid directly on the concrete slab, then mineral wool and waterproofing are applied, and a cement-based screed reinforced with a reinforced mesh is poured on top. Such an unexploited roof will have a lot of weight, but it will reliably protect the house from rain and cold.

Another option, if the roof is constantly involved, people walk on it, there are some objects. Then the insulating layer changes in order: first comes the waterproofing, on top of which the thermal insulation is installed. Therefore, such a roof is called inversion.

The order of laying materials is as follows: first, a bitumen-polymer membrane is placed on the floor slab, then a layer of thermal insulation from foam foam, foam plastic or expanded polystyrene is laid. If there is a desire to create a green lawn on the roof of your house, then a separating and filtering layer of geotextile is laid over these insulators, and then a fertile layer on which natural grass will grow.

Such a roof with a fertile layer can be freely used throughout the warm period, with proper installed system drainage she is not afraid of rain. On the roof you can place a children's or sports ground, put sunbeds or benches, break flower beds and even have a picnic. Exploited roofs with a green coating today are common not only in country houses, but also in city houses.

The arrangement of a flat roof does not end with flooring and pouring insulating layers and laying drainage systems. Ventilation is essential for proper operation. Moisture and its vapors can accumulate between the layers of insulation, further, during frosts, the insulating cake can crack, bubbles appear on it, and delamination occurs. In order to avoid this, aerators are used - plastic or metal tubes with umbrella-shaped caps that are mounted inside the roofing. The air entering through them, due to the pressure difference, weathers the water vapor from the insulation layers, they remain completely dry.

Another important point after laying a flat roof - this is a lightning protection structure. It should not be neglected, because, despite the low probability of occurrence, a thunderstorm can lead to the most catastrophic consequences in country house. The lightning protection mesh is installed inside the insulation layers, if they are not combustible, or if they are combustible, on top of them on special holders at a height of 10-12 cm from the surface. All nodes of this grid are connected into one lightning rod made of thick conductive wire, which goes to ground.

Advantages and disadvantages

Low-rise buildings with a flat roof, built according to various projects, have been operated in our country for more than a year. Feedback from owners who have lived in such houses for several years will help highlight all the advantages and disadvantages of such structures.

They have the following advantages:

saving materials - no need to build a complex truss system, and roofing are simplified;
speed of construction compared to gable and even more so hip roofs;

ease of repair and replacement roofing;
the device of a flat roof allows you to make a platform on it for various needs: a lawn, a recreation area with a gazebo, Gym, children's corner, etc.;

in the ceiling it is possible to mount windows, this is very original project interior plus an additional source of natural light on the ceiling;
roofing work will be much safer than in the case of a hipped roof;
with strong gusts of wind, there is no risk of failure of massive roof structures and sheathing.

According to the reviews of the owners of such houses, one can also point out the disadvantages of a flat roof:

unlike tent structures, snow will accumulate in large volumes on such roofs in winter, which must be regularly removed manually;
installation of a drainage system is required;

it will be necessary to constantly monitor the integrity of the roof, the absence of leaks;
despite the apparent ease of installation, flat roofing has many nuances, insulator layers and gutters must be done as correctly as possible, otherwise leaks cannot be avoided.

Many projects of private houses with a horizontal roof came from Europe, where the climate is milder. Therefore, such decisions must be adjusted in accordance with our more severe weather conditions.

What to do?

Flat roofs can be made from various materials, their choice depends on the design of the building itself.

If the house is brick, made of gas silicate or concrete blocks, then a reinforced concrete slab can be used as a roofing. In this case, the roof will be as strong as possible, bulky and heavy objects can be placed on it. Such a floor material does not have moisture protection, therefore, in any case, it will be necessary to make a waterproofing layer from rolled bitumen or screed with a lower bitumen-polymer membrane.

Wooden roofing of a similar design will cost less than concrete, they can be made on suburban area himself. A frame with beams is installed on the walls, as they can be planed beams 10x4 cm or others, the main thing is that they are able to withstand the weight of future insulation and other items located on the roof. The wood is treated with an antiseptic and a refractory solution. Roofing from a bar can be covered with wood boards, boards or metal corrugated boards.

As a waterproofing for houses with a flat roof, bitumen is traditionally used. It is a hydrocarbon-based organic material that is produced during the refining of petroleum. It has excellent waterproofing properties, is not subject to moisture, rotting, and is not afraid of frost. The main disadvantage of bitumen is its non-environmental friendliness - it contains harmful components, and when heated, it emits a pungent odor. Nevertheless, bituminous insulation is still in demand, including in the construction of flat roof houses.

Bitumen can be rolled and liquid. Usually for maximum efficiency use a combination of the two. First, a hot solution is poured onto the prepared, cleaned surface, then rolls of solid bitumen are rolled up. Such a combination allows you to close any microscopic cracks and cracks and reliably protects the roof from moisture.

There are other modern waterproofing materials, cleaner and harmless than bitumen. These include, for example, euroruberoid. It is also made on a bitumen basis, but, thanks to synthetic fabrics and polymers in the composition, it emits less harmful substances and smells. Euroruberoid is produced in rolls, for durability it is sprinkled with special mineral chips.

There is sprayable waterproofing for roofing in the form of powders and aerosols. It is applied to the surface using special equipment. Similar mixtures are produced from plasticizers, cement, synthetic resins and hardeners. Their advantages are that they not only protect against moisture, but also reflect Sun rays, do not skip steam.

Coating waterproofing is widely used to protect against precipitation. It, like liquid roofing material, is applied to the roof surface with a roller or brush. Among such materials, emulsion, rubber, polymer mastics and a primer are especially common.

There are options for bulk waterproofing in the form of granules that absorb moisture well and prevent it from seeping into the living space. Examples are expanded clay and gravel. Their advantage is that complex installation is not required - the granules simply rise to the level of the roof, crumble and evenly smooth out over the surface.

As a vapor barrier, a polyethylene film 0.1-0.5 mm thick is usually used, which is laid across the entire width of the roof under the heat-insulating layer. To protect against the cold, many effective materials are used: mineral wool, foam plastic, foam plastic, expanded polystyrene and others.

Solid glass roofs are very spectacular and impressive in appearance. The transparent ceiling in the house visually increases the space, creates a unique airy atmosphere, the rooms are always as light as possible. It is not very difficult to mount such ceilings, it is enough to create a frame from metal profiles or wooden frames and glaze it. But the operation of a glass roof becomes more complicated, in winter it is necessary to constantly clear it of snow cover. Therefore, it is best to make a solid ceiling with small ceiling windows.

Design options

A flat roof can be installed both in a one-two-story house with a small area, and in a spacious cottage. IN big building you can combine a pitched hipped roof with a horizontal one, for example, using it for an outbuilding or a veranda. The shape of the roof can also be different: square, rectangular and more complex. The main thing with a non-standard project is to correctly calculate the slopes and the weir system so that moisture does not accumulate on the surface.

Air conditioners, ventilation systems, television antennas, communication boxes and other equipment can be located on an inverted flat roof. If the roof will be used as a platform for recreation or other active pastime, then it is necessary to mount a fence along its edges.

Also, when installing such a roof, you should immediately take care of a convenient climb up with a railing. There are many projects of the used inversion roof with drawings that can be used as a guide when building your home.

Installation Instructions

Before building and arranging a flat roof, it is worth breaking down a step-by-step plan of all work.

It begins with the choice of shape, type and materials for overlapping. It should be borne in mind that the load on such a structure is always more intense than on tent options. Based on this, you need to make a drawing of the frame system with beams and ceilings. The sketch indicates the geometric shapes, dimensions, color, materials, necessary communications. It is best to immediately have a visual idea of what the future roof for your home will look like.

During the construction of urban high-rise buildings and industrial facilities, a reinforced concrete slab usually becomes the basis of a flat roof. But for private houses, especially frame and wooden ones, this choice is most often unacceptable. In this case, a flat roof is built on wooden beams. Its main advantage is its light weight, which reduces the load on walls and foundations.

The device of such a roof is simpler and cheaper than when using heavy reinforced concrete slabs. But the functionality is the same. Therefore, this option of a flat roof is often chosen by those who want to build it with their own hands.

The main share of such roofs falls on private houses and cottages, whose owners appreciate the futuristic style, convenience and practicality. Still - on the floors of verandas, terraces, balconies, garages. As a rule, all these buildings are wooden or frame, requiring a light roof structure. But this is not a mandatory rule. The wall material can be anything - brick, aerated concrete, foam concrete, etc. In this case, often wooden beams crash into the Mauerlat - wooden beam, running along the perimeter of the walls and connected to them with anchor bolts or studs.

A flat roof is especially attractive to developers because its horizontal surface can be used as a usable area. Moreover, this is possible even for the roof, which is based on wooden beams.

Of course, you should not use the freed meters for a parking lot, a swimming pool or a tennis court. Still, such projects require a more monumental foundation. And here outdoor terrace, observation deck, wooden beams can easily withstand a home greenhouse. The main thing is to correctly calculate and not save on the thickness of the lumber.

Types of flat roofs on beams

On wooden floors you can build a flat roof of the following types:

unexploited;
exploited;
inversion.

That is, all possible types - without restrictions.

Unexploited roof- ordinary, ending with a waterproofing finish. It is intended solely to protect the premises from the conditions environment and does not set itself other goals. It is impossible to use it as a place of rest, to move in large companies, to install terrace furniture and flowerpots. The coating of such a roof is designed for the fact that 1-2 people will periodically climb it, solely for the maintenance of the structure.

exploited roof- more interesting and more difficult. In addition to direct protective functions, such a roof plays the role of an additional usable area for the homeowner. The construction pie ends not with waterproofing (prone to damage), but with a protective coating - paving stones, decking, wooden deck, paving slabs, sod layer, crushed stone or gravel.

inverted roof- roof-reversible, a qualitatively different option. It can be both operated and non-operated. Its feature is the inverted order of the layers in the cake. If in a conventional roof the waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation, then in the inversion roof the opposite is true. Waterproofing lies under the insulation, and vapor barrier is generally excluded from the structure of the pie. Due to this, the waterproofing is protected from the outdoor environment and its service life is increased.

However, under the influence of unfavorable outdoor conditions, there is a heater, therefore, as part of inverted roofs, the choice of this type of insulation is limited. Only EPS (extruded polystyrene foam) and nothing else! This material has almost zero water absorption, high density and strength. From above, EPSS in inverted roofs is loaded with washed gravel, paving stones, paving slabs or a sod layer.

An interesting option for operated roofs (including inversion ones) is green roof. It can also be held on wooden beams. The cake of such a roof ends with a soil layer on which plants are planted. There are other elements that are not used for other types of roofs: a drainage layer (gravel, expanded clay, crushed pumice or geomats), a filtration layer (geotextile).

Flat roof frame on a wooden base

The frame of the described roofs are wooden beams, laid according to the type of interfloor overlap. Full-length sawn wood or multi-piece (glued) timber can be used. Often beams are made of boards with a section of 100x150 mm.

Beams are laid with support on the walls, similar to interfloor ceilings. If the building is wooden or frame, then the beams rest on the upper crown of logs or the upper trim. If brick or block - then on a pre-fixed Mauerlat. As a Mauerlat, a bar with a section of 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm is usually used. It is mounted on the upper belt of the walls using anchors or studs. To protect the wooden Mauerlat from the material of the walls, 1-2 layers of waterproofing (roofing material) are laid between them.

On the beams, cuts are made under the Mauerlat, they are laid and fixed with metal corners or nails. The step between the beams is maintained 50-120 mm (depending on the calculated load).

When installing beams, it is important to ensure a roof slope of 1-6 °. Despite the fact that the roof is called flat, it is not absolutely horizontal. A slight slope is necessary to ensure the movement of water to the drain and thus prevent its stagnation.

You can create the required slope in the following ways:

Immediately lay the beams with the desired slope. Then, if a horizontal ceiling is supposed to be installed under the roof in the room, it is made suspended or sewn onto a horizontal crate.
Lay the beams horizontally, and to maintain the required angle, nail wooden plates of different heights to them.
Lay the beams horizontally, and form the corner due to the different thicknesses of the thermal insulation laid on top of the frame.
Use beams with unequal height allowance.

Most often, the first option is used, that is, beams with a slope are immediately laid. The easiest way to do this is to pin along the top bearing wall a strong run from a bar or board, which will lift the frame (beams) on one side. Instead of a cross purlin, you can also install short radial beams extending from the central double diagonal beam.

Flat roof pie: what's inside?

A flat roof cake on a wooden frame can have a different structure. There are many design options, many of them are posted on the Internet. And they will all work!

Option 1. Roof with insulation over beams

Flat roof insulation layers can be laid over the beams. For example, a proven working option (classic roof with insulation):

floor beams;
vapor barrier;
waterproofing material - polymer membrane.

When using EPPS insulation and PVC membranes in the structure at the same time, a separating layer (geotextile, fiberglass) must be laid between them. The matter is that these two materials are incompatible and at their direct contact there is a destruction of PVC.

The polymer membrane is fixed on the insulation by a mechanical method or loaded with ballast. Crushed stone or gravel (for all types of roofs), paving stones (for operated roofs), soil (for green operated roofs) are used as ballast. However, when choosing a ballast, one should soberly evaluate the reliability wooden frame, its ultimate load.

If the use of welded-on waterproofing or an EPDM membrane with adhesive fixation is supposed to be used as a finish coating, a change is made to the scheme discussed above. It consists in the fact that sheets of plywood, OSB or DSP are laid between the insulation and waterproofing.

It turns out such a scheme:

floor beams;
crate (if necessary);
solid sheathing made of plywood, DSP, OSB;
vapor barrier;
insulation - EPPS, mineral wool;
sheets of plywood, OSB, DSP;
waterproofing material.

The installation of a built-up roof traditionally requires the use of a gas burner, therefore, according to existing fire regulations, it is unacceptable on wooden structures. Therefore, they act as follows. The first layer of waterproofing is nailed or glued to a wooden base, and the second layer is fused, as it should be. It is also convenient to use euroroofing material with a special adhesive base, for which it is recommended cold mounting without heating with a burner.

Installation of a membrane roof on a wooden base is shown in the video plot:

Option #2. Roof with inter-beam insulation

Another principle for assembling a flat roof pie is associated with laying insulation in the inter-beam space. This option is more convenient than the first if EPDM membranes with adhesive fixation or welded roofing are used as waterproofing.

The following roofing pie scheme is often used:

floor beams;
vapor barrier (between beams);
insulation (between the beams);
crate (if necessary);
solid sheathing made of plywood, DSP, OSB;
waterproofing.

In principle, a similar system is used in the formation of classical pitched roofs.

Option #3. Roof with internal insulation

In this case, sheets of plywood, OSB or DSP are sewn onto the supporting structure (beams), and waterproofing is laid on them. The remaining insulating layers of the roofing cake are sewn from the side of the room.

A rough ceiling is fixed on the beams (from boards or sheet materials), to it, perpendicular to the supporting beams, planks are screwed in increments of 40 cm. Styrofoam plates are placed between the planks, gluing them to mastic or glue. A vapor barrier film is sewn to the insulating layer. Close the insulating cake with a finishing ceiling.

Or you can go against all the "traditional" solutions and build an inverted roof on the beams. Due to the fact that the waterproofing will be covered with insulation, that is, protected from stress, exposure to oxygen, UV rays and precipitation, its service life is significantly increased.

When constructing an inversion roof, you can use the following scheme (from bottom to top):

beams;
solid crate;
waterproofing;
separating layer (when using a PVC membrane as a waterproofing);
EPPS insulation;
separating layer - geotextile;
ballast, paving slabs, decking, etc.

The principle of inverted roofing is often used for green roofs. For example, you can do this:

What top coat to use?

The wooden base of a flat roof, along with its advantages, also has features with a minus sign. This is an increased fire hazard and low bearing capacity (compared to reinforced concrete slabs).

For waterproofing such a roof, it is desirable to use materials that do not require hot installation. Ideally - polymer membranes. When choosing built-on bitumen-polymer coatings (from a series of euroroofing materials), the first layer of material is mounted mechanically, and the second - by welding. In order to minimize the possibility of fire of structures during installation, it is recommended to use non-combustible DSP boards as a continuous sheathing (on which waterproofing is laid).

When constructing exploitable and ballast roofs, it should also be remembered that excessive load on a wooden base can be fatal. Therefore, if the bearing capacity of the beams used is low, light materials should be selected for the finish coating - decking, deck board, rubber paving slabs(rubber mats), etc.

Flat roofs in our time are undeservedly forgotten and are not spoiled by the attention of developers. In private housing construction, they are found mainly in the southern regions, where heavy rains and snowfalls are rare. Hip roofs, on the other hand, have become firmly established in the designs and minds of homeowners.

This state of affairs is explained simply: until recently, builders did not have reliable and durable waterproofing.

Standard roofing material - cardboard impregnated with bitumen, cannot resist moisture and temperature changes for a long time. Even a thick 4-layer coating of it has to be changed after 6-8 years.

Today, interest in flat roofs is starting to grow.

There are several reasons for this:

Economic benefit. The cost of arrangement is lower than that of a tented one (more simple design and smaller area)
Additional usable area. There is a possibility of rational use(flower garden, playground, recreation area, swimming pool);
Availability for maintenance and operation (cleaning drains, installation of air conditioners, antennas, inspection of coatings, ventilation and smoke channels);
The layer of snow plays the role of additional thermal insulation, reducing heating costs.
Original appearance building.

Types of flat roofs

Strictly speaking, you will not see a completely flat roof on a building. Any of them has minimum slope from 1 to 4%, necessary for the runoff of atmospheric precipitation.

There are four types of flat roofs:

unexploited;
exploited;
green (lawn);
combined.

Unexploited roofs are found on industrial buildings.

Exploited roofs have found application in public and private construction. They equip recreation areas, place cafes and restaurants, use them as parking lots and helipads.

Green (lawn) coatings are made to decorate buildings, as well as when there is a shortage of space on the site. In addition to the aesthetic function, they perform an important practical task. A layer of vegetable turf is an excellent heat and sound insulator.

Combined roofs with a flat surface are the most common option. Comfortable stay on fresh air surrounded by green grass and flowering plants everyone likes it.

According to the method of drainage, houses with a flat roof are divided into two types:

With internal drain;
With external water discharge (along the perimeter of the roof).

Internal drainage is cheaper than external drainage, since it does not require a large number of gutters, pipes, funnels and high-altitude installation work. In execution it is more difficult. Errors in creating a slope, poor-quality sealing of joints lead to leaks and a violation of the integrity of the protective layer of waterproofing.

In operation, flat coatings with internal drainage are more profitable. In winter, icicles do not grow on the overhangs near such a roof. Downspouts run inside the building and therefore do not freeze. Cleaning funnels from debris is easier and easier than hanging gutters.

Device Features

According to the method of arrangement and the location of the structural layers, experts distinguish two types of flat roofs:

Classic;
Inversion.

The classic roofing "pie" is equipped according to the following technology:

on reinforced concrete floor slabs, they make a ramp out of a cement-sand mortar;
lay vapor barrier and insulation;
lay down waterproofing membrane or ruberoid carpet;
if the coating is to be used, then the waterproofing is protected with ceramic tiles.

Classic flat roof structure

The main disadvantage of the traditional design is the vulnerability of the outer insulating layer to solar ultraviolet radiation and temperature changes.

Working on a solution to this problem, engineers came up with the idea of inversion coating. In it, the main structural elements (insulation and waterproof membrane) are interchanged. Waterproofing is hidden under the foam, which is protected from external influences by a ballast layer of gravel or tile trim.

Inversion coating design

Accordingly, the technology of work is changing. A waterproof carpet made of roofing felt or an EPDM membrane is glued onto the slab or spread on it, fixing it at the junction with the parapet.

The slope in this case is created in one of two ways:

Mortar screed on the plate;
Insulation, changing the thickness of its installation.

Installation of thermal insulation on a flat roof

Water intake funnels and pipes are installed at the lowest points of the slope. In addition to them, ventilation is installed to remove water vapor that accumulates in the zone of contact between the vapor barrier and the insulation.

When arranging a coating designed for planting plants, the construct is supplemented top layer waterproofing. Drainage layers of gravel are poured along it, geotextiles are laid and a fertile layer of earth is poured.

In addition to roofing laid on reinforced concrete slabs, projects of houses with a flat roof on wooden beams have been developed.

Construction technology in this case may include the following operations:

Beams are mounted on the walls in increments of 50-100 cm, fixing them to the masonry with anchor studs. The cross section of the beams depends on the width of the span, the design load and can range from 10x20 cm to 15x25 cm;
Lay on the beams OSB boards, tightly joining them together;
Spread the waterproofing membrane in 2 layers, gluing the joints of the canvases with high quality.
They make thermal insulation from durable (extruded) foam plastic, gluing it to the membrane. A slope for water flow is created by laying the insulation in layers of different thicknesses;
Thermal insulator on top cement screed reinforced with mesh or tiled.

Examples of private houses

Among the developers there are many supporters of flat roofs. They are attracted by the ease of construction, the low cost of work and the possibility of placing a site for summer recreation.

A thick layer of snow on a flat roof is not a problem, but additional insulation

The design of buildings with such a roof fits perfectly into the style of minimalism, providing project developers with a wide field for creativity.

Spacious, comfortable and nothing more - the motto of everyone who chooses a house with such a roof. pitched roof visually makes the building heavier, and flat, on the contrary, makes it light and airy.

Facade appearance one-story house with a flat roof compares favorably with the fairly bored variations of the "teremkovy" character.

On it, most often you will not see gutters and pipes, the water from which gets on the walls and spoils the appearance of the finish. Internal drainage is effective, practical and invisible.