Protection of the stove in the steam room what material. Types and protective properties of refractory sheet materials for stoves and fireplaces. Reflective wall cladding

Reliable insulation of the furnace in the bath from the walls is one of the most basic work in the construction of the bath. Protection of combustible surfaces avoids not only fire, but also deformation of the wall material. For home craftsmen, it is important to know the basic requirements and step by step instructions works on thermal insulation from various materials.

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First, let's figure out whether it is always necessary to protect the surfaces of walls and ceilings in the bath.

When is it necessary to insulate the walls from the furnace?

If the stove is made of brick, or is located at a distance of more than 1000 mm from the wall, it does not make sense to perform a full cycle of thermal insulation work. In these cases, it is enough to make a protective foil screen on moisture-resistant kraft paper. It is important to know the gaps between the wall and stoves with different surface materials:

the stove, laid out with a wall thickness of half a brick, is recommended to move 350-400 mm away from the surfaces of the bath;
a metal heater not lined with bricks or a layer of thermal insulation must be at least 1000 mm from the walls;
it is recommended to install a steel stove with an extended part of the furnace and protected by thermal insulation at a distance of 700 mm.

But most individual baths are made small in size and it is not always possible to withstand the required gaps. Therefore, the optimal solution to the problem is to protect the walls and ceiling with a reliable layer of thermal insulation made of non-combustible moisture-resistant materials.

Wall protection example

SNIP requirements

Protection of the walls of the bath from the heat of the furnace is carried out according to the requirements building codes. For home master it is important to know the main ones.

SNiP III-G.11-62

“Heating furnaces, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for the production and acceptance of work.

According to these standards, the gaps from the heater to the wall surfaces:

thickness of lined wall panels heaters 24 cm, with a plaster layer applied from a lime solution, or with the addition of a layer of cement, the thickness of which is 25 mm, as well as when applying a layer of asbestos and clay solution, 4 cm thick - the distance should be at least 13 cm;
the thickness of the wall of the heater is half-brick and applying a layer of lime plaster and adding asbestos, 25 mm thick or when protected with asbestos-vermuculite plates 4 cm thick - a distance of 300 mm;
when installing steel furnaces, with the furnace walls covered with refractory material, the minimum distance to the plastered wooden walls is 700 mm, with a layer thickness of gypsum and lime mortar of 25 mm;
when installing a steel stove in a bath with unplastered walls, the distance to them must be at least 1000 mm.

The fire service inspector checks and signs permits for the use of the bathhouse during control measurements. Only after this procedure can you use the bath.

SNiP 2.04.05-91

"Heating. Ventilation and air conditioning."

When buying an industrial model of the furnace, the installation requirements can be found in the instructions. Home craftsmen must know and fulfill several requirements:

the ceiling in the bath is protected by an asbestos slab, plaster and sheet metal, up to 1 cm thick, in this case, the oven lined with bricks is made in height so that the gap to the ceiling is at least 250 mm;
when installing a steel stove with a protective heat-insulating layer, maintain a gap to the ceiling of at least 700-800 mm if the ceiling is plastered and protected by non-combustible materials;
in all other cases, the distance to the ceiling must be 1200 mm.

But the question arises before the homemade ones, how to sheathe the wall near the stove in the bath?

Wall insulation methods

Industry releases various materials and want to choose best option for price and quality. Let's analyze the main options for protecting surfaces in a steam room.

Fire resistant drywall

This material is produced in the same way as ordinary drywall, but the outer surfaces are treated with special substances that make it not susceptible to high temperatures. However, it is able to withstand open fire within 1 hour without losing its properties and without emitting smoke and soot.

You can distinguish it by the color of the sheet markings. It comes dyed red. When buying, pay attention to 2 main characteristics of the material, which are indicated in the certificate:

fire resistance limit. Here is the exposure time high temperatures before the destruction of the material. The higher this number, the more reliable the surface protection will be;
sheet weight. Sheets with a thickness of 12 mm are used, such drywall weighs more than usual, so it is important to consider this characteristic, especially for laying on the ceiling.

Works on laying fire-resistant drywall are carried out according to the scheme:

prepare the walls, for this they need to be cleaned of dirt, remnants of the old finish layer. After that, it is necessary to prime the surfaces and level them with a solution;
fix waterproofing and a layer of thermal insulation on the walls;
we pass walls and ceilings with impregnations that increase the fire resistance of surfaces;
we mark the place of installation of profiles for fixing drywall and fix the guides at a distance from ceiling covering walls - 100 mm. The gap to the wooden floor is 50 mm. The frame is fixed with long self-tapping screws;
sheets of material are installed on the frame and fixed with self-tapping screws, the caps of which must be twisted flush with the surface of the sheets;
you can move on to finishing work, but do not forget about the high humidity in the steam room, so you can treat the walls and ceiling with water-repellent impregnations. After that, the walls are puttied, and a layer of decorative finishes is applied.

Finishing the walls and ceilings of the bathhouse with fire-resistant plasterboard is over.

Minerite

How to isolate the stove in the bath from wooden wall? Many builders use the Minerite material, which combines thermal insulation properties and protects surfaces from the effects of open fire.

These boards are made with a cement-fiber base and a hard front surface. Materials produced specifically for damp rooms and baths are not affected by humidity and heavy loads. With the help of Minerita plates, the wall covering is installed without gaps, it is not subject to deformation when heated, so there is no need to leave temperature gaps.

Plates withstand heating up to 150 0 without changing their physical properties. Environmentally friendly when used in damp areas and under the influence of high temperatures do not emit harmful substances and resistant to mold and mildew.

Work on their installation is carried out similarly to the installation of drywall, but does not require the manufacture of a frame:

before work, we clean all surfaces from dirt and old coatings;
if necessary, we level the walls, especially the floors to prevent sheet kinks;
plates are laid on the floor or walls without gaps to the wall and fixed with self-tapping screws;
on the walls and floor it is necessary to make a gap of 30 mm for air access. Therefore, self-made or industrial bushings are put on self-tapping screws. Therefore, when buying self-tapping screws, it is necessary to take into account the size of the indent;
when installing slabs in a new bath building, it is important to make small grooves or drill holes of a larger diameter at the place where the self-tapping screw passes. This is necessary to prevent damage to the slabs during shrinkage of the building.

After completing the work, the plates are puttied and a decorative finish is applied.

Superizol

A fire-resistant material consisting of quartz and quicklime with the addition of additives is able to withstand temperatures of 120 0 . It is used for finishing fireplaces, walls, bath ceilings from the heat of the stove. When heated, substances harmful to humans and unpleasant odors are not emitted.

Plates with a thickness of 25-80 mm are fixed in the same way as drywall with glue, self-tapping screws or heat-resistant mastic. Thermal insulation of the stove in the bath with Superizol is not a cheap way to finish the steam room, but you should not buy cheap Chinese stoves.

Stainless steel protective screen

For these purposes, screens with a matte surface or a mirror are used. Stainless steel sheets are perfect solution how to protect the coverings of the steam room from fires, and how decorative trim premises.

But the material is quite expensive, so you can use the screen to protect the lower surface of the walls near the stove, and install cheaper material on top.

Insulation sauna stove from a wooden wall using stainless screens is carried out according to the scheme:

General scheme

The screen is ready. It is better to use the mirror surfaces of the screens, in this case, they will reflect heat, it will be faster and evenly distributed over the steam room. Thus, we create a protective screen around the stove in the bath, protect ourselves from burns and perform a decorative finish layer.

What is the best way to choose?

The wall decoration from the stove for different types and sizes of baths is used in different shapes and materials. At the same time, the main thing is to ensure fire safety your steam room and protect walls from deformation at high heating temperatures.

Otherwise, it all depends on the capabilities and desires of the owners of the steam room. You can use heat-resistant tiles or expensive tiles, or you can simply cover the walls and ceiling with mineral wool and a layer of metal foil. By leveling the walls with drywall sheets with surfaces not exposed to open fire, you can paint the steam room with heat-resistant paint.

With large sizes of the bath, it is possible not to perform these works if the conditions of SNIP and fire safety are met. Having done concrete base larger than the stove and with a gap of 1 m to the walls, you can safely use the heater and enjoy the steam. In any case, it is important to take care of safety and then your bath will serve you for a long time.

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Sheet refractory protection is used in cases where it is impossible to achieve the required fireproof distance from the ignition source to materials that can quickly ignite or begin to smolder. Most often, such protection is used in baths or near home fireplaces, since limited space does not always make it possible to observe regulatory requirements fire safety.

Why fireproof sheets are needed

The current fire safety standards for brick stoves are located at a distance of 0.32 m from the walls, for steel lined structures - 0.7 m and not lined - 1 m. With small dimensions of the room, it is simply impossible to comply with fire safety standards, then they use sheet refractory non-combustible material. It protects walls, floors and ceilings from smoldering or ignition when fire sources and high temperatures enter.

Types of refractory protection

Asbestos sheets can withstand temperatures up to +510 0 C, have a high degree of fire resistance and low thermal conductivity. They are produced in plates and other modifications. They are used when it is necessary to prevent ignition near stoves, for fireplaces, as a thermal insulation for walls and ceilings exposed to high temperatures.

Steel sheets - quite often used in furnace business. Steel angles, channels, wires and solid sheets are used to insulate walls and floors near fireplaces and stoves.

Protective thermal screen - serves as a thermal insulator for the side walls of the stove. Reducing the heat load, metal or brick screens protect against excessive heat from the metal furnace. For fireplaces and stoves, cast iron or industrial steel is used, the sheets of which are mounted at a distance of up to 5 cm from the firebox.

The use of protective screens helps to lower the temperature of the outer side of the heating element to +100 0 C. The minimum distance from the wall to the screen can be 0.55 m.

There are also basalt wool, panels with vermiculite ( temperature regime up to +1100 0 C), which are also distinguished by high resistance to mechanical damage. Vermiculite panels can be used as a finish for biofireplaces with a live fire effect.

Where and how to use sheet refractory protection

Sheets of material that can protect against fire are used for floors, walls and ceilings in a house where there is a source that contributes to the spread of fire or in bath rooms, near the stove (heater).

Non-combustible sheet materials are used for sheathing walls adjacent to the furnace. A metal sheet is mounted on top of the thermal insulation attached to the wall. It is advisable to choose stainless steel, since galvanizing can release toxins when heated. For a higher heat reflective coefficient, the sheet must be in the state of a mirror sheet. Then the heat will be better reflected from the surface and the walls will heat up less. In addition, if this design is used in a steam room, a person will receive softer and more diffused heat, which is much more comfortable than direct radiation from the stove.

Under the sheathing with fire-resistant materials, canvases are used from:

basalt cardboard - sheets are thin, having not only high thermal, but also sound insulation;
asbestos cardboard - strong, durable and heat-resistant sheets;
vermiculite boards - noise and thermal insulation, fire resistance, environmental friendliness and spectacular design solutions;
minerite sheets - a component of the protective screen in stoves and fireplaces, including those installed in baths.

Sheathing is done as follows: from the wall - a gap of 3 cm, a heat-insulating layer - 2 cm (metal sheet). Such a design can reduce the distance between the stove and the wall to 0.38 m. The gap is provided by ceramic bushings.

Since the metal sheet itself does not look attractive, it is often covered with tiles. How it looks in the photo below: wall with a gap of 3 cm, fireproof gasket, tile.

Refractory gypsum boards, minerite boards (they are good because they are not exposed to moisture, mold and rotting processes do not form in them), glass magnet sheets can be attributed to building refractory materials. The latter also have increased noise insulation, water resistance, heat-saving functions and do not deform during sudden temperature changes.

Sheet refractory non-combustible material - Where and how to use

In this article, we will consider where and how to use sheet refractory non-combustible material and describe the main types of refractory protection.

Sheet refractory materials

Decorative wall panels FIREPROTEC HPL

Decorative wall panels FIREPROTEC HPL, which are characterized by fire resistance, are produced on the basis of high-quality non-combustible panel FIREPROTEC SML Premium Etalon or GSP (gypsum board). HPL indoor panels are used in kindergartens and schools, offices and many other places to create a comfortable and cozy atmosphere.

Cement particle boards

Cement-bonded particle board (DSP) is considered an ideal material for sheathing partitions in flammable rooms, as well as the frame of buildings outside. Bases are leveled with these plates floor coverings because they have a hard and smooth surface. The plates lend themselves well to sawing, fireproof, resistant to moisture and temperature fluctuations.

Fire resistant fender board

A universal solution for protecting the walls of any buildings can be considered the use of a fire-resistant baffle board, which has high operational advantages. It is based on a non-combustible panel covered with HPL plastic, which is difficult to burn. The edges of the panel are processed with a special edge. In addition to the protective function, it is also characterized by excellent decorative properties, so it can decorate any room. to high operational indicators, the Breaker board is used in places of the big passability of the people: in kindergartens and schools, in hospitals and policlinics, stations and cinemas, supermarkets.

This material is environmentally friendly and moisture resistant, hygienic and safe, as well as aesthetic.

Breaker board is produced different colors and sizes.

Sheet material “PVTN”

Vermiculite boards are sheet non-combustible materials created using expanded vermiculite. They are designed to protect against fire in industrial and civil facilities, they are used in metallurgy, the oil industry. Vermiculite boards have:

Eco-friendly and fire resistant
High sound-absorbing and heat-insulating properties

Used to protect:

from fire in the ceilings between floors, cable routes, structures made of wood, reinforced concrete, steel load-bearing elements;
thermal protection of fireplaces, chimneys;
wall cladding of industrial, public facilities;
increasing fire protection in bank offices, hotels, cinema halls, sports complexes;
evacuation routes.

SKL panels

Durable and lightweight SKL panels are produced using calcium silicate filler. The material of the panel does not contain asbestos, so they are non-toxic, environmentally friendly. The sheets are moisture resistant, since they do not contain gypsum or hygroscopic materials.

SKL panels are very popular. These sheets are used for finishing walls, ceilings and floors. Fire-resistant qualities make them indispensable in protecting screens in high-temperature production, as well as for lining the walls of baths, finishing fireplaces and stoves.

Despite their special strength, they are also elastic; they can withstand bending up to 13.2 MPa. Due to the excellent soundproofing properties of up to 44 dB, the panels can be used to cover nightclubs, bars, walls of recording studios.

SKL panels contain antibacterial additives, so they are not exposed to fungal diseases and mold.

LSU panels

These glass-magnesite sheets are made from magnesium oxide with special additives. The sheets are reinforced with double fiberglass reinforcement.

The operational qualities of LSU are similar to SKL. But LSU sheets are more rigid and especially durable. This material is most used in places that require increased strength: they are in demand for the manufacture of billboards, roofing and floors.

Like SKL sheets, they are aesthetic and have antiseptic properties.

the high strength of the panels allows them to be used for reinforcement and finishing of foam and aerated concrete, facades, as well as sandwich panels.

GKL is a well-known, popular drywall for everyone, we are talking about its refractory modification. GKL sheets can withstand direct exposure to open fire for up to 20 minutes. The sheets are grayish in color and require additional finishing.

Fiberboard

Fibrolit are bioresistant boards produced by pressing wood fiber, the so-called wood wool, and a binder of inorganic origin. Used fiber, which is obtained from the waste of woodworking machines. These boards are light in weight, have good acoustics and fire resistance: board chips are impregnated with cement, and they are not threatened by fire. The material can be easily fastened with self-tapping screws and nails, as well as dowels to any surface. It lends itself well to sawing. Composite fiberboard panels consist of two or three layers, the thermal insulation material of the middle layer of rigid foam or mineral fiber (mineral silicate wool) is up to 140 mm thick, at which the degree of thermal and sound insulation increases.

gypsum board

Gypsum boards are made from natural natural gypsum without the addition of toxic substances. This practical, environmentally friendly, odorless material meets all the requirements of fire safety standards. Gypsum slabs are considered an excellent material for building partitions in rooms, suspended multi-level ceilings, decorative niches and ledges. Walls, ceilings are leveled with them, communication pipes are “sewn up”.

Gypsum fiber sheet

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are obtained by semi-dry pressing of a mixture of gypsum with cellulose waste paper, they are characterized by excellent technical and operational properties. These sheets are durable and have a good degree of refractoriness.

Gypsum fiber sheets are universal in use, are popular and in demand in construction and finishing work. With their help, they build interior partitions, make floor screed, mount suspended and level ceilings, clad walls. Everywhere they are indispensable as fire protection of any structures. Users appreciate GVL as a facing material with which wooden surfaces are sheathed, for its low cost and fire resistance.

Oriented Strand Board

Oriented strand board (OSB) is produced by pressing chips with a high pressure adhesive resin, which are made in various thicknesses - from 6 to 30mm. OSB boards are 3 times stronger than chipboard and MDF boards. Although the plates have such high strength, they are very flexible. Thanks to these properties, they are ideal for finishing and construction works, for example, for sheathing ceilings, walls, attics and verandas, they are used in the arrangement of the surface of subfloors, formwork is built, and used when facing wall panels. Thin OSB boards are laid on the floors under the laminate. IN last years they began to be used for low-rise construction. The original texture of OSB attracts designers in interior design. Using OSB, you can get a beautiful and original design ceiling.

Fire-resistant boards are not limited to the above types, there are a lot of them on the building materials market.

Non-combustible sheet materials

An overview of non-combustible sheet materials that can be used for construction and renovation. Varieties of plates and sheets for wall, floor and ceiling cladding

Fire retardant materials for stoves and fireplaces

When are sheet refractory materials used?

It is not always necessary to use protective materials, but only in cases where the fireproof distance from the surface of the furnace to flammable objects is not observed. If the distance is large enough, then the wood does not heat up enough to cause a fire.

Modern standards require that a brick oven be at least 32 cm from the wall, an unlined metal oven - at least 1 m, and a metal lined oven - at least 70 cm.

For a spacious room, such requirements are quite feasible. But in a small home steam room, it is not possible to provide a distance of 1 m. Therefore, fire safety can only be achieved with the help of fireproof screens and skins.

Refractory materials and methods for their use

Asbestos- a common refractory material that can withstand prolonged heating up to 450-500 ° C. At the same time, it almost does not lose its strength. Asbestos is a material that conducts heat poorly.

It is produced in different forms, including sheets. It is widely used where furnaces are used, for thermal insulation of objects prone to fire, for the construction of refractory walls and ceilings, etc.

Sheet steel

Widely used in the furnace industry steel. It is applied in different types(corner, channel, wire, etc.). Without sheet steel is also indispensable. So, elements of furnaces are made from it, sheets of metal are laid in front of furnace doors, and it is also used for ovens. In the latter case, the steel must be clean, absolutely not damaged by rust.

Protective screens for ovens

Protective screens are structures used to isolate the side walls of furnaces. They reduce heat radiation. Protective screens are made of brick and steel. Mostly such designs are used for metal furnaces.

Furnace with metal protective screen

The easiest way to build a protective screen for the oven with your own hands is from sheets of cast iron and steel of industrial production. These screens are the most common. Sheets are installed at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the furnace.

Screens can be lateral as well as frontal. There are designs of furnaces that do not need protective screens. They already have a special casing that reduces the intensity of thermal radiation.

Thanks to the use of protective screens, the temperature on the outer surfaces of the structure reaches not higher than 100 °C. This significantly increases fire safety and reduces the distance from the screen to the wall of the room to 50 cm. Taking into account the gap between the screen and the furnace wall, the safe distance does not exceed 55 cm. Protective screens are convenient and easy to install. With the help of special legs, they are securely attached to the floor.

Refractory wall cladding

If the wall of the room is directly adjacent to the surface of the stove, it will cause excessive heating of the wall, which may cause a fire. To avoid ignition walls are sheathed with non-combustible materials.

Reflective lining

A good result is given by skins in which non-combustible thermal insulation materials and metal sheets. First, thermal insulation is attached to the wood of the wall, and sheets of metal are installed on top of it. For the outer layer, either stainless steel or galvanized is used. However, in terms of environmental friendliness, it is better to take stainless steel, since there is evidence that when heated, galvanized begins to release toxic substances.

In order for the resulting skin to be more effective, the steel sheet must be polished to a mirror finish. In this case, heat rays are reflected from the metal, and the wall heats up even less. In addition, the steam room receives reflected heat flows, which are softer and more acceptable to humans than those that come directly from the stove.

For sheathing, a number of heat-insulating materials are used:

basalt cardboard - thin sheets of basalt fiber. This refractory material provides not only good heat, but also sound insulation;
asbestos cardboard - a material with high thermal insulation properties. It also features fire resistance, durability and strength;
minerite - refractory material from which sheets are made used for mounting protective screens for stoves and fireplaces, including in steam rooms.

General scheme for using the skin it looks like this: wall - gap (2-3 cm) - thermal insulation (1-2 cm) - sheet of metal. This allows you to reduce the distance between the wall of the furnace and the wall of the room to 38 cm.

The gap in the described scheme is provided by ceramic bushings that do not heat up. If the room does not allow to reach even the specified minimum distance between the oven and the wall, the lining is made with two layers of thermal insulation. A gap of 2-3 cm is left between them with the help of ceramic bushings. A stainless steel is attached over the outer sheet.

Sheathing with cladding

To give the steam room a more aesthetic look (bare iron on the wall does not look very attractive), the walls can be covered ceramic tiles. However, if it is placed directly on a tree, there will be no thermal insulation. Therefore, the following sheathing scheme is used: wall - gap (2-3 cm) - refractory layer - tile. In this case, it is allowed that between the wall of the furnace and the wall of the room there should be at least 15-20 cm.

Wall cladding with cladding in the bath

For the refractory layer, the following materials are taken:

fireproof drywall - this is drywall, in which there is the addition of fiberglass. This material is not afraid of thermal radiation and does not deform under its action;
minerite - effective refractory material. Minerite refractory boards are characterized by high moisture resistance, do not collapse and do not rot;
glass-magnesium sheet - a material made from fiberglass. Magnesium is used as a binder. It has good sound and heat insulation, resistance to moisture and temperature extremes.

Wall cladding with sheet refractory material (PVTN)

Properly selected material for wall cladding ensures high fire safety of the room. One of the most effective to achieve the task is vermiculite panels.

Vermiculite refractory boards for walls are widely used in fire safety various types premises. Their reliability is so high that this material is used in the nuclear and oil refining industries.

Advantages

The use of refractory vermiculite boards makes it possible to achieve high performance in terms of:

The last point is especially worth noting. Experts know how difficult it can be to find a material that would equally meet the requirements of fire safety and aesthetics. Refractory vermiculite boards - this is just the material that is protective and at the same time has an attractive appearance. Therefore, it can be safely used in prominent places.

Areas of use

Excellent operational qualities allow the use of these refractory boards in the following areas:

thermal insulation of fireplaces and stoves;
fire protection of structures made of various materials;
ensuring the fire hazard of a wide range of objects;
ensuring the fire resistance of various elements of the premises.

All this is achieved thanks to high quality, reliability and efficiency of vermiculite panels, which are optimal solution to achieve fire safety.

Sheet refractory materials for stoves and fireplaces

Fire-retardant sheet materials for stoves and fireplaces: types, scope, installation conditions.

Non-combustible refractory sheet materials: their application

The heating temperature of a stove or fireplace in a room can reach 300-400 ° C. From the point of view of fire safety, such heating equipment is dangerous and often leads to fire of closely adjacent surfaces. The heat emanating from the stove is distributed throughout the room, but most of all it affects the walls adjacent to the heating equipment. For this reason, they must be insulated with a sheathing or screen made of refractory materials.

When is protection needed?

The issue of fire safety of heating equipment is the most relevant in baths and saunas. Most often, such structures are made of solid wood. The surface of the wooden wall is close to the stove and under the influence of high temperature it begins to char over time if there is no protection.

For this purpose, it is recommended to use refractory sheet materials. They should mainly be in places where certain fire safety rules are not followed. This applies to the distance between the heating equipment and a nearby flammable object. In cases where the distance is large enough between the furnace surface and wooden wall there should be no fire.

Fire safety standards minimum distance provided:

from brick wall up to the oven in 32 cm;
metal surface, not lined from 1 meter;
metal, lined from 70 cm.

In baths and saunas, where space is most often limited, it is difficult to observe safety measures. For this reason, experts recommend covering the walls with non-combustible sheet materials. They will help protect walls, ceilings and floors from the source of fire and save them from catching fire. materials have their own markings:

All materials except non-combustible ones are capable of incomplete combustion, so they burn. There are also heat-resistant and refractory materials. The latter type can withstand an open source of fire at close range quite well, so they are often used in baths. Heat-resistant materials can withstand high temperatures well, but an open source of fire is not able to withstand.

Types of refractory materials

These materials are available in the form of slabs and panels of various sizes. They are designed to shield and sheath various surfaces from heat sources. Refractory materials are most widely used for this purpose.

Fiber cement boards- in their composition there is no asbestos fiber, but only lightweight concrete with synthetic fiber.

Asbestos cardboard - it is produced on the basis of chrysolite asbestos, so the material easily withstands temperatures up to +500 ° C. It has a high mechanical resistance to alkalis and damage.

Basalt slabs and cardboard- it belongs to the category of environmentally friendly and safe materials, since it is made on the basis of basalt raw materials. It well maintains temperature over 900 about With, is not dangerous in work. Most often it needs to be applied with a reflective foil coating.

Minerite plates - are considered a universal material. They absolutely do not burn, moisture resistant, impact resistant, have excellent sound insulation. They do not breed bacteria and mold.

Magnesium glass sheets - they are made from fiberglass with the addition of magnesia binders.

Fireproof drywall sheets- This material contains fiberglass.

Vermiculite decorative panels - they have a decorative look. They are made in the form of panels with different textures. They are fastened with heat-resistant mastic and can withstand temperatures up to 1200 ° C.

Application

Fire-resistant boards are used according to the principle of multilayering. If necessary, sheathing between the thermal insulation and the wall leaves a space of 2-3 cm. The material is also glued in several layers using heat-resistant mastic.

Screens are most often used to isolate furnaces. from stainless steel sheets. This method is especially common when the stove is too close to adjacent walls. Often stainless steel sheets are used in conjunction with non-combustible plates. They are used as the outer layer of the surface. When metal sheets are polished to a high shine, they tend to reflect heat. Such a heat flow has more gentle and gentle flows.

A protective screen made of steel is already considered finished construction. It goes around the entire surface of the metal furnace from three sides. This is very effective method keep heat inside the heating equipment. The external temperature with such a screen will reach approximately 100 ° C.

Various refractory materials, which were mentioned in the article, are used as thermal insulation for stainless cladding. For fastenings are used ceramic bushings. Such parts allow you to form a ventilation gap between the wall and the thermal insulation, since they do not heat up.

For wooden surfaces such sheathing will serve as reliable protection against fire and heating. In this form, the skin will not have beautiful view. To make it look more decorative, heat-resistant tiles are used. She is laid with heat resistant glue. The best facing materials include:

This type of finish is used only as an element of a multi-layered “pie” of protection. The distance between the stove and such a surface should be at least 15-20 cm. The protective layer must necessarily contain a ventilation gap and refractory material. The decor will make it possible to mask the protective layer and the finish of the bath will look in the same style.

Refractory sheet materials: the use of non-combustible materials as a protective layer

The main features of refractory sheet materials, the use of non-combustible materials as a protective layer near stoves and fireplaces, their types.

For arrangement heating structures refractory sheet materials for fireplaces and stoves are needed, among other things, since the furnace devices are heated to high temperatures during operation.

Only then are they able to give off heat to the surrounding space. In this case, surfaces are heated, especially walls that are located closest to the stove or fireplace. And, in order to avoid a fire, screens and skins are also made from such composites, which should also have an aesthetic appearance.

Types of OLM

This includes asbestos and metal.

Asbestos sheets are characterized by maintaining prolonged heating up to +500 ° С. Weakly conducting heat, they do not lose strength and are used for the construction of fire-resistant walls.

Steel plates in the form of elements of stoves and fireplaces are placed in front of the doors of these heating systems.

Fire-resistant sheet materials for stove and fireplace screens

Protective screens made of steel sheets are mostly used for metal furnace products to isolate their side walls. They are installed at a distance of up to 5 cm from the walls of the heater and reduce heat radiation.

Screens are lateral and frontal. With their help, the temperature on the outer surfaces of the combustion systems drops to +100 ° C, which is reflected in the improvement of fire safety. Installation of convenient protective screens is simple and is carried out by attaching them to the floor using special legs.

Fire resistant wall cladding

As an option, to protect the surrounding space from heating of working heating products, a heat-reflecting sheathing is created. It is equipped to avoid ignition if the wall of the room fits snugly against the stove or fireplace surface and heats up excessively.

Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 1

Reflective lining

The use of sheathing consisting of refractory sheets in combination with non-combustible heat-insulating composites is effective.

Fire-resistant sheet materials are mounted on top of thermal insulation, it is preferable to take stainless steel sheets for such sheathing, since galvanized ones can release toxic substances into the air when heated. To make the protection more effective, the steel sheet is polished to a mirror degree: in this way, heat rays are better reflected from the metal, and the wall heats up even less.

There are a number of OLM for sheathing:

basalt cardboard made of basalt fiber provides good heat and sound insulation;
asbestos cardboard is durable and strong;
minerite, protective screens for stoves and fireplaces are also made from its sheets.

Sheathing with cladding

Facing the surface of the minerite with soapstone tiles

For her take such refractory sheet materials:

fire-resistant drywall - it is made with the addition of fiberglass and does not deform under the action of thermal radiation;
minerite, it is also characterized by high moisture resistance and the ability not to collapse under the influence of elevated temperature;
glass-magnesium sheet is made of fiberglass (in it the magnesian substance acts as a binder), it is able to withstand high temperatures.

Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 2

Wall cladding with sheet refractory material

To ensure the fireproof condition of the room, it is necessary to correctly select the material for wall cladding, near which the heating structure is located.

And vermiculite panels are ranked among the most effective OLM. At the same time, such plates are used to ensure fire safety in various premises, including enterprises of the nuclear and oil refining industries.

Among the advantages of refractory vermiculite boards, they are noted:

Scheme of thermal protection of the wall and fireplace cladding with vermiculite board

For thermal insulation of fireplaces and stoves.
For fire protection of structures made of different materials.
To ensure the fire resistance of diverse objects.
For guaranteed fire resistance of various indoor items, including stoves and fireplaces.

Vermiculite plates, as representatives of OLM, are mounted simply and quickly and do not require professional training for this. Processing them from all sides of the stove or fireplace provides protection of the room from the effects of fire and high temperatures, and therefore such refractory sheet materials are optimal in solving the problem associated with the fire safety of the room.

All samples of refractory sheet materials for stoves and fireplaces are modern, high-grade products. In addition to fire protection, they provide heating devices with resistance to various types of damage, including mechanical and chemical.

Video: Screen for a metal furnace - protection of wooden walls

When planning the purchase of bricks, insulation or boards for sheathing, it is necessary to highlight fire-fighting materials in a separate column of our list: for a bath, fire protection is one of the priority tasks, and therefore it is not worth saving on it.

Below we will talk about fire safety standards in the design and construction of baths and saunas, and also describe the most commonly used refractory products.

Causes of fires

During operation, the design of the bath itself and its individual elements are systematically exposed to high temperatures. And in some cases, this exposure leads to a fire.

The main reasons for the appearance of open fire are as follows:

Mistakes when installing a sauna stove. If the heating planes are too close to the wooden ones, or if coals and flames are ejected from the furnace during improper operation, a fire is almost inevitable.
In addition, it is very important to ensure timely maintenance of the stove and cleaning of the smoke ducts.
It is also important that the body of the stove and chimney are not cracked. Particularly critical is the cracking of cast iron and steel models, so they must be periodically inspected.

Note!
If an electric heater is used, secure it against short circuits by connecting it to switchboard through a circuit breaker.

However main reason, according to which a fire can start in the bath, is the use of unsuitable materials in the decoration. Contact of untreated wood or plastic with a heated surface will, at best, cause smoke, and at worst, burn out the entire structure.

Analyzing the above list, we can see that it is still possible to protect buildings from fire. AND in the best possible way to ensure such protection is strict adherence to standards, the main among which will be SNiP 2.01.02, which contains the main fire regulations in construction.

materials

Structural features

It is necessary to choose refractory materials for a bath, taking into account exactly where they will be used. Below we will try to analyze the main groups of materials depending on their purpose, and we will try to highlight those that have an advantage in terms of fire safety.

The building itself can be erected:

From wood - timber or logs. Despite the numerous advantages of natural raw materials, wooden baths are quite dangerous in terms of ignition and flame propagation. If the temperature inside reaches a critical point, then even a tree impregnated with fire retardants will sooner or later catch fire.

Even more dangerous are wireframe models.. The thing is that even when using fire-retardant aggregates, there is air inside the frame, which contributes to a fairly rapid spread of the flame.

Note!
If we take into account that frame structures retain heat very moderately, then their only advantages will be affordable price and ease of installation.
However, when it comes to the bath, such savings cannot be called justified.

Building blocks(cinder block, foam concrete, aerated concrete, etc.) are much safer. They not only do not burn themselves, but also significantly limit the spread of the flame due to their high thermal insulation ability.
An excellent option in terms of fire protection is the laying of red brick walls.. Even ordinary varieties of this material resist heat well, so you don’t have to worry about the structure itself.

In addition to the walls, attention should also be paid to the roof and other structural elements. In most cases, wood is indispensable, so impregnation with a flame retardant will still be needed. Yes, and roofing materials must be chosen with minimal flammability indicators - metal tiles, euroslate and similar varieties are suitable.

Brick for oven

The stove is the heart of any bath, and therefore the closest attention should be paid to its masonry. If you do not use ready-made steel or cast iron models, then a brick structure will heat the air and water in the steam room.

When laying the stove, experts strongly recommend using the most heat-resistant material for a bath - refractory bricks.

To date, the following types of blocks for laying furnaces are popular:

Alumina brick (the so-called fireclay) is the most popular and sought-after type. Its main advantage is that during sudden cooling (for example, when water gets on hot masonry), the blocks do not crack.
Quartz stone - resists heat well, however, with prolonged contact with metal (firebox, doors) it can lose its properties and begin to delaminate.
The main one is made from alkaline lime raw materials with the addition of magnesium sulfate. It is used in metallurgy, it is quite expensive, but it “holds” the temperature perfectly.
Carbon - pressed from coke or graphite raw materials, able to resist even the strongest heat. However high price and a rather unusual black color significantly limit its use when laying stoves.

If you are doing the masonry with your own hands, then it is very important to properly prepare the solution.

It must not only securely fasten building blocks, but also withstand high temperatures well:

The classic option is a solution based on fireclay (light) clay with a small addition of sifted fine sand. After heating, the clay is baked and over time acquires strength, slightly inferior to the strength of the stone itself.
A more modern instruction recommends the use of special heat-resistant adhesive mixtures. These compositions are characterized by low shrinkage rates, because the seams between the rows are quite thin. And this, in turn, has a positive effect not only on fire safety, but also on the efficiency of the furnace as a whole.

Safe Finish

However, it is most important that fire retardant bath materials be used during interior decoration. And this is quite natural - almost 100% of fires start due to a fire in a steam room in the immediate vicinity of the stove.

Firstly, to protect against fire, the inner lining must be impregnated with special compounds. Ideally, this is done in production, by injecting flame retardants into a high-pressure chamber.
However, if you weren't able to purchase a pre-treated board, you can always apply the protective compound yourself. For application, you can use both a brush and an airbrush - the main thing is that all parts are covered evenly.
Secondly, in addition to decorative sheathing, it is important to choose the most suitable insulation. The polystyrene and foam boards used in the decoration of residential buildings will not work: if they do not burn, then they melt with the formation of a large amount of toxic smoke.

One suitable thermal insulator is mineral wool. Modern modifications based on mineral fibers are characterized by sufficiently high heat resistance, which allows them to be installed in the hottest saunas.

Note!
A good alternative to conventional mineral wool is basalt wool.
Mats based on basalt fiber are able to withstand heating up to 750 0 C, so they are definitely not afraid of an accidental spark.

Ecowool - cellulose fiber with special impregnation - is somewhat inferior to mineral heat insulators, but it can also be used. Of course, for the steam room itself it is better to choose a more reliable insulation, but you can fill the space under the lining of the dressing room or rest room with eco-wool without fear.

Foil materials are an essential component of an effective fire retardant finish. The aluminum foil used in them reflects a significant part of the heat rays into the room, which means that the material under the metal layer will heat up minimally.

Advice!
In baths, it is better to mount a foil film with a thin polymer base - this way there is less risk of its melting when overheated.

Conclusion

By effectively using heat-resistant sauna materials, we minimize the risk of fire and the spread of fire. And although the cost of refractories is quite high, you should not save on your own safety. In more detail, these materials and the technology for their application are shown in the video in this article.

Screens can be lateral as well as frontal. There are designs of furnaces that do not need protective screens. They already have a special casing that reduces the intensity of thermal radiation.

Refractory wall cladding

Reflective lining

A good result is given by sheathing, in which non-combustible heat-insulating materials and metal sheets are combined. First, thermal insulation is attached to the wood of the wall, and sheets of metal are installed on top of it. For the outer layer, either stainless steel or galvanized is used. However, in terms of environmental friendliness, it is better to take stainless steel, since there is evidence that when heated, galvanized begins to release toxic substances.

For sheathing, a number of heat-insulating materials are used:

basalt cardboard - thin sheets of basalt fiber. This refractory material provides not only good heat, but also sound insulation;
asbestos cardboard - a material with high thermal insulation properties. It also features fire resistance, durability and strength;
minerite - refractory material from which sheets are made used for mounting protective screens for stoves and fireplaces, including in steam rooms.

The gap in the described scheme is provided by ceramic bushings that do not heat up. If the room does not allow even the specified minimum distance between the stove and the wall to be reached, the sheathing is done with two layers of thermal insulation. A gap of 2-3 cm is left between them with the help of ceramic bushings. A stainless steel is attached over the outer sheet.

Sheathing with cladding

To give the steam room a more aesthetic look (bare iron on the wall does not look very attractive), the walls can be covered. However, if it is placed directly on a tree, there will be no thermal insulation. Therefore, the following sheathing scheme is used: wall - gap (2-3 cm) - refractory layer - tile. In this case, it is allowed that between the wall of the furnace and the wall of the room there should be at least 15-20 cm.

For the refractory layer, the following materials are taken:

fireproof drywall - this is drywall, in which there is the addition of fiberglass. This material is not afraid of thermal radiation and does not deform under its action;
minerite - effective refractory material. Minerite refractory boards are characterized by high moisture resistance, do not collapse and do not rot;
glass-magnesium sheet - a material made from fiberglass. Magnesium is used as a binder. It has good sound and heat insulation, resistance to moisture and temperature extremes.

The gap in the described scheme cannot be neglected, since it plays an important role. Its presence allows you to reduce the heating of the wooden wall to a minimum. The use of cladding makes the steam room look more attractive and makes it possible to maintain the design in the chosen style. Vermiculite panels.
Vermiculite refractory boards for walls are widely used to ensure fire safety of various types of premises. Their reliability is so high that this material is used in the nuclear and oil refining industries.

Advantages

The use of refractory vermiculite boards makes it possible to achieve high performance in terms of:

environmental friendliness;
fire resistance;
thermal insulation;
sound insulation;
aesthetics.

Areas of use

Excellent operational qualities allow the use of these refractory boards in the following areas:

thermal insulation and;
fire protection of structures made of various materials;
ensuring the fire hazard of a wide range of objects;
ensuring the fire resistance of various elements of the premises.

All this is achieved due to the high quality, reliability and efficiency of vermiculite panels, which are the best solution for achieving fire safety of the premises.