Characteristics of a house made of sandwich panels. Wall sandwich panels: varieties and characteristics, materials used. Which filler is best

Not everyone has the desire and opportunity to delay construction for several years. Moreover, there is no need for a long time. There are several technologies for rapid construction. The leaders are frames. With a minimum of costs, we very quickly get a full-fledged building. But the frame is only half the battle. We still need to choose a cover. One option is multi-layer materials. They are called sandwich panels. The dimensions of the sandwich panels make it possible to further reduce the construction time, because we immediately get a building with an exterior, and sometimes with an interior finish.

What is a sandwich panel

Sandwich panels - modular construction material, designed for cladding buildings and structures that are built using frame technology. They consist of three layers: two sheets of hard material and insulation between them. The use of this material at times speeds up the finishing and construction of buildings, as it is immediately mounted and outer skin, and insulation, and inner lining. And yet, the dimensions of the sandwich panels allow you to cover the roof of a fairly large house without horizontal seams - maximum length sandwich panel can be 12 meters. More than enough for . The only question is transportation, but that's another story.

It looks like a house made of sandwich panels

So, the design is three-layer. The layers are glued together and simultaneously pressed. There are two ways of pressing - cold and hot. In any case, the layers are held securely. It is impossible to tear them apart without the use of mechanisms.

Sandwich panel is a building material for sheathing frames. Consists of two sheets of rigid material, between which there is a layer of insulation

By appointment, there are sandwich panels for wall and roofing. They usually differ in appearance, the thickness of the materials used and the type of profile. There are smooth plates, there are different types profiles. Roofing is corrugated like a profiled sheet, and there are very similar to metal tiles.

There are also special purpose options. For example, for garage doors. Usually these are steel sheets, but coated with pural or some other damage-resistant polymer. They differ in the shape of the castle. Such gates are usually made lifting, so that the locks have a different shape. And the longitudinal edges are not open, but closed with the same steel sheet, which is bent, forming a smooth bevel.

What a sandwich panel looks like depends on the materials and how it is painted.

Wall sandwich panels can be smooth and corrugated. It is traditional (wave, trapezium, fine corrugation), and there is a more decorative one - under a stone, brickwork and even a tree.

In general, the appearance of sandwich panels can be different.

What are they made of

The materials of the outer layers of sandwich panels can be different. Most common with a "shell" of sheet steel, but there are also from aluzinc, drywall, plastisol, polyester, pural, DSP, OSB (OSB), chipboard. The choice of material depends on the purpose of the building that is going to be finished, and on the installation site. The dimensions of the sandwich panels do not depend on the materials of the layers, so there are no restrictions.

Wall sandwich panels can be like this - this is for internal partitions

For example, during the construction of warehouse and industrial, utility rooms, both sides are steel sheets. The coating and profile of the inner and outer sheets can be different for the required tasks. When sheathing the outer walls of private houses, there can be metal on the outside, and inside GVL, GKL, chipboard, OSB. Depending on what the owner has chosen. For partitions, there are options on both sides with fiberboard, gypsum board, OSB and chipboard, or combinations thereof. The material is good for what it is different variants both in terms of performance, appearance and price.

Outer layer - steel sheets

Sheet metal is used as the outer layer of sandwich panels. Sheet thickness - 0.35-0.7 mm. If the metal is placed on both sides, then for the outer one they take a thicker one - 0.7 mm, for the inner one - a thinner one - 0.35-0.5 mm. Agree, it's justified. Firstly, the weight is less, and secondly, the cost is lower. And the strength for the inner lining is more than sufficient. Even if it's a production facility.

Sandwich panel coating: layering example

The metal is covered with several shells with protective properties. Galvanizing is required, and then additional layers are applied - primers and polymer coatings that protect and give a more “civilian” look.

Types of polymer coatings for sandwich panels

The quality of steel is very important, but galvanizing and the quality of protective coatings are no less important. The durability of the metal, and hence the reliability and durability of the wall or roof, depends on how carefully the coating is applied. First, the steel sheet is coated with zinc, and then one of the types of polymers is already applied to the galvanized surface. It could be:

Of this list, polyester, PVC and polyurethane are most often used. Sandwich panels are also made from stainless steel sheet. Such sandwich panels are used in refrigerating chambers at enterprises of the food or pharmaceutical groups.

Sandwich panel profiles

Sandwich panels with metal outer cladding can be smooth and profiled. Smooth ones have a lower mechanical resistance; it is easier to make dents on a flat surface than on a corrugated one. If the house is in the yard, the probability of damage is small. Moreover, the paths can be made not close to the walls of the house, but also on top of or.

Possible profiles of internal and external surfaces for metal cladding

You can also take profiled sandwich panels for cladding the frame. Some look exactly like lining, but there are more interesting options. True, and for the price they are "more interesting."

insulation

Insulation for sandwich panels is also used differently:

mineral wool(stone or glass);
polyurethane foam (polystyrene or PPS);
expanded polystyrene (PPU or PUR);
polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).

Compare the characteristics of sandwich panels with different insulation

The best of all - the last - PIR. He appeared quite recently. Warm specifications has a level with PPU, but better in fire safety(tolerates heat up to 140°C without destruction and ignition). Its disadvantage is the high price. In general, they usually choose between mineral wool and polyurethane foam. Styrofoam loses to both of them, although it costs less. But the difference in price does not cover the difference in performance.

Sandwich panel dimensions

Standards for this species there is no building material, so if you wish, you can find or order those sizes of sandwich panels that suit you best. Many manufacturers are doing this. It is not a fact that a large enterprise will make a small batch according to your requests, but you can negotiate with small ones. Although, you can talk with the big ones.

See the dimensions of the sandwich panels for each specific manufacturer

Most likely, "custom" sizes of sandwich panels will be more expensive (in terms of square meter). But it can be justified. Less cuts/waste, lower overall costs. In general, it is necessary to consider and look. In general, each company has its own maximum and minimum dimensions. They depend on the available equipment. The table summarized the most common sizes of sandwich panels. They were divided according to their purpose - wall and roofing. Because they are usually different.

Please note that the "working" or "useful" width is indicated. In fact, the size of each panel will be slightly larger - just due to the lock. When calculating the quantity, you will need exactly the working width. And the actual one will be required for transportation, but rarely anyone indicates it. You can check with sellers. And on average, you can throw on 15 cm. This is more than enough.

One more moment. Not all manufacturers have all the sizes of sandwich panels indicated in the table. These are "collective" results. The most frequently encountered values are selected. But one company offers only one width, another - two or all three options. Similarly, not everyone can make a sheet 12 meters long. Someone has a maximum of 6.3 meters. So again, monitor the situation in your region.

Characteristics

As you understand, it is difficult to talk about the characteristics of sandwich panels "in general". Too different materials can be used. And "sheathing", and insulation, and the thickness of all layers. All this is different. And the characteristics of each of the components vary over a wide range. Therefore, specific properties should be looked at already when they have decided on the manufacturer. In the meantime, so that you can orient yourself, we will give the data of one of them. By the way, you can see the tables in the paragraph about the types of heaters. This is from one of the sites. In this section, we present data from another manufacturer. At the same time, you can evaluate the range of values.

Wall sandwich panels - technical specifications of one of the manufacturers

If you compare the two tables, you will see that in the first case, a sandwich with expanded polystyrene has a higher thermal resistance. In the second, on the contrary, basalt wool turned out to be more “warm”. And no one is lying about it. They just use different materials. That's all.

The bearing capacity may also be of interest. Here the situation is approximately the same as with thermal resistance. Depends on the metal, the presence or absence of relief, its shape and size. The insulation and the method of connecting the layers also contribute. In general, there are also many criteria. So, the values must be recognized for a specific material. And we give the table for reference only, so that you can roughly estimate the possible load.

The bearing capacity is quite decent

As you can see, quite a decent bearing capacity. This makes it possible to make not only walls and roofs from sandwich panels, but also ceilings. Not a bad way to speed up construction.

Connecting sandwich panels to each other

Sandwich panels are interconnected with locks. Wall and roof locks differ, and significantly. In roofing, on the one hand, the release of steel in the form of a wave is specially made. He "puts on" the ledge of the previous sheet. This is how the connection happens. In the wall panels, the lock is made according to the tenon-groove principle. Moreover, it is better if, according to this principle, not only the outer skin is connected, but also the insulation.

Connecting sandwich panels to each other: locks of varying complexity

In general, in the whole structure, it is the panel joints that are the weakest points. Not only in terms of safety, but also in terms of keeping warm. The first panels were with the connection of only metal sheets, and the heaters were simply joined. But the seams froze through, so they began to complicate the shape, creating labyrinths. Also, when connecting, additional sealing tapes are used to definitely avoid blowing and freezing.

Wall panels for vertical installation must be fixed. This is not necessary for horizontal. It is also mandatory to install fasteners when laying sandwiches on the roof.

In some cases, additional fixation is used - self-tapping screws or studs. Some forms of locks allow the fastener to be hidden, in others it is installed from above. By the type of installation of profiled sheets and metal tiles.

In today's turbulent world, where time has acquired an unprecedented value due to the fact that it is constantly in short supply, and you want to get results immediately and immediately, even in building technologies and materials, speed of execution, low cost and minimal operating costs have come to be valued. That is why those seeking to quickly move to their own separate housing increasingly prefer to build houses from sandwich panels. Such houses are built literally in a matter of days at any time of the year, they quickly warm up and keep heat well, which reduces heating costs, have good sound insulation, and most importantly, their construction is very cheap. Let's figure out what a sandwich panel is, is it worth building such a house and how to do it yourself. Babushkinsky district of Moscow is a great place to live.

Construction of houses from sandwich panels: advantages and disadvantages

Recently, advertising of houses from sandwich panels has not stopped for a minute. From each iron we are assured that these are the strongest houses in the world, everything around is collapsing, and the panel buildings remain intact, that they are the warmest and most economical, do not deform or sag, and in general - it is simply impossible to find anything better. But the most absurd thing is something else: you can often find ads like this: “We are building houses from sandwich panels. ECO housing for ridiculous money”, etc. So - a house made of SIP panels is by no means environmentally friendly and harmless to health. The only reason why such a house can be called ECO is that by living in it, you can save on heating, which means saving natural resources. Those. ECO from the word "savings". Let's see, nevertheless, what are the advantages of the technology of building houses from sandwich panels and what are the disadvantages.

Benefits of houses made of sandwich panels:

Very fast build. The box at home is easily mounted within a week or two.

Can be built at any time of the year. There are no limits on building temperature.
thin walls, due to which the usable area inside the building increases.
Excellent thermal insulation. They warm up quickly and perfectly retain heat, since the lion's share of the thickness of the walls is made up of insulation.
Do not shrink or deform. You can start interior and exterior decoration immediately after the construction of the building, and then immediately call in and live.
The material of the sandwich panels perfectly soundproofs.
The walls are strictly vertical and even. Very easy to install panels in vertical position.
You can save on heating.
No reinforced foundation required.
durable. Withstand hurricanes.
Sandwich panels are easy to transport and assemble as a constructor.
cheap. The price for a house made of sandwich panels is the lowest - and this is the most significant plus of this technology.

As you can see, the list is rather long, but there are also flaws:

fragility. The service life of sandwich panels is not as durable as wood, brick or concrete. The maximum is 25 - 30 years. Although the stated period is 50 years, let's face it and take into account our climatic conditions.
The strength of such a house is very relative. Maybe he can withstand hurricanes, but cutting a hole in the wall with an ax will not be difficult and does not take much time.
Absolute non-environmental. Sheathing sandwich panels made of OSB (Oriented Strand Board), which uses a resin binder and other additives. And the inner filling is a heater, for example, polystyrene foam is an absolutely synthetic product. Like it or not, but all this during operation emits not the most “pleasant” substances. On the other hand, there are people who build houses from fixed formwork from the same polystyrene foam or simply insulate their houses with polystyrene foam, so this is everyone's choice. I like to live in a thermos, no one can forbid it.
Absolute tightness. To create normal living conditions, it is necessary to arrange a forced supply and exhaust ventilation. Otherwise, the movement and renewal of air simply will not occur. And these are additional costs that offset the cheapness of construction.

Sandwich panels are on fire. All statements that the material has a flammability class G1, we will leave on the conscience of the manufacturers. Not only do they burn, but in addition, during combustion, polystyrene foam turns into a liquid state and simply drips or pours “rain from fiery lava” from above. We will keep silent about the fact that in the process of burning OSB boards and polystyrene foam any poisonous muck is released.
Require a special type of heating system - air. You can, of course, install the usual one for us - radiators under the window, but it will not be practical due to the complete tightness of the structure.
Due to improper operation and lack of proper ventilation in the panels mold, fungus can form.
When selling such a house, it cost will be much lower than brick.

Now the choice is for everyone, to build or not to build. Of course, the low cost of a house made of sandwich panels is a significant argument, which is why such houses are often built in dachas for temporary residence. If you decide that you need just such a house, let's understand further.

Meet SIP panels (sandwich panels)

SIP(Structural insulated panel) or sandwich panels are a three-layer material.

As outer layers durable sheet material is used: OSB (oriented strand board), magnesite board, fiberboard (hardboard), wooden planks. The thickness of the plates is 9 mm or 12 mm. Most often in SIP panels for the construction of houses, OSB-3 (OSB-3) slabs 12 mm thick are used, intended for use in load-bearing structures at high humidity.

core sandwich panel is insulation: expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam or mineral wool. The thickness of the material varies according to the needs of the customer and can be from 50 mm to 250 mm. Most often, expanded polystyrene PSB-25 or PSB-S-25 with a density of 25 kg / m³ is used.

The outer layers are bonded to the core under high pressure. The result is a new durable composite material.

In the CIS, SIP panels of various sizes are used:

12+100+12=124 mm;

12+150+12=174 mm;

12+200+12=224 mm.

OSB (OSB)

OSB (Oriented Strand Board) or OSB is made from wood chips with a diameter of no more than 0.6 mm and a length of no more than 140 mm. The chips are laid in three layers perpendicular to each other, a waterproof adhesive resin is added and the material is pressed under high pressure and temperature. The result is a material with increased flexural strength and increased elasticity. The surface of the OSB boards is waterproof, and the boards themselves are easily sawn with any wood tool. Distinctive feature OSB boards from other similar materials is that the ability to hold fasteners is provided not by resin, but by the way the wood chips are laid.

Styrofoam

Expanded polystyrene is 98% composed of carbon dioxide, thanks to which it has its own thermal insulation qualities. It burns, melts from open fire and highlights the connections. Mice love to settle in polystyrene foam, gnawing nests in it. In SIP panels, expanded polystyrene is closed on both sides with OSB boards, which ensures (albeit partial) fire safety of the structure. It is used in SIP panels due to its low cost and lightness.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool with a density of 100 - 120 kg/m³ can also be used in SIP panels. It does not support combustion, does not burn itself and does not spread fire. During heating, it can release unpleasant binder odors, but is nevertheless much more environmentally friendly than Styrofoam. Rarely used in SIP panels due to their high weight (the panel will weigh 2 times more than in SIP) and high cost. The use of mineral wool as a core increases the cost of a house made of sandwich panels by 1.5 - 2 times.

Projects of houses from sandwich panels

Having decided to build a house from sandwich panels, you first need to create a project for the house. Panel construction technology provides a large field for choice finished project and allows you to adapt other projects.

SIP panels are produced in standard sizes 2500x1250 mm and 2800x1250 mm. This determines the typical height of the first and second floors of the house. Although you can build walls of any height, but then you have to finish the panels, which is not very beautiful and reliable.

The thickness of the panels 124 mm, 174 mm, 224 mm determines the area of the internal space. For internal partitions, panels with a thickness of 124 mm are used.

Without the help of a construction organization in this matter, it is still impossible to do. Making sandwich panels on your own negates all the savings and low cost of such a house, since this is not an easy and time-consuming task.

By contacting a design bureau or a construction company, you need to develop a project for your home. Then, on the basis of this project, SIP panels of the required size and parameters are manufactured. It is also possible to buy strictly standard panels and then customize them for the project, but it is laborious and time consuming. When the order for the production of panels is completed, they are delivered to the construction site by a truck and the assembly of the house begins.

Foundation for a house from SIP panels

A prefabricated sandwich panel house is a lightweight structure that does not require a heavy buried foundation. The most commonly used tape shallow foundations or slab, pile-grillage, tape-columnar.

Consider the option of a shallow strip foundation:

We carry out the marking of the site and excavation to a depth of 50 - 60 cm with a width of 40 cm.
We compact the soil, fill in a layer of sand 10 cm and carefully tamp, then a layer of crushed stone 10 cm and also tamp.
Then we install a wooden formwork for the foundation to a height of up to 50 cm above the ground. We make holes in it for air in advance.
We tie the reinforcing cage and lower it into the trench.

We prepare a concrete solution or order a mixer and pour the foundation. Remove air bubbles with a vibrator.

Let the foundation dry completely for 28 days, then remove the formwork. We waterproof the surface of the foundation, laying roofing material in 2 - 3 layers or hydrostekloizol, coat it with bituminous mastic on top. It is better to do this shortly before the start of the construction of the walls, so that the waterproofing layer is not exposed to the open air for a long time.

Laying a strapping (crown) timber

We take a beam with a section of 250x150 mm and lay it in the middle of the foundation. We carefully measure the horizontal position of its location.

We connect the beam in the corners with the help of a cut “in half a tree” or “in a paw”. Then we fix the connection with a wooden dowel. To do this, we drill a hole in the bars with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 100 - 150 mm. We drive in a dowel with a length slightly less than the hole. We finish it with a mallet.

We fix the beam to the foundation with the help of anchors. There are two anchors in the corners and at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m from each other. The length of the anchor should be 350 mm, diameter 10 - 12 mm. We embed the heads of the anchor bolts into the strapping beam.

Arrangement of the floor and ceilings in the house from SIP panels

A feature of the construction Canadian technology is that it is possible to build a house from sandwich panels completely, including the floor, floor coverings, attic floors, and even roofing.

But our domestic construction companies still recommend equipping such houses with an ordinary wooden floor on logs, laying insulation between the logs. So it will turn out more reliable and durable, such a floor is easier to repair and disassemble in case of unforeseen situations or breakdowns.

Consider the option of arranging the floor from SIP panels:

We prepare the bars, which will act as floor lags and spike beams, which must be inserted between the panels. The length of the beam should be such that it easily fits on the foundation and into the groove in the strapping beam. The cross section of such beams depends on the thickness of the sandwich panels: 150x50 mm if the panel is 174 mm thick, 200x50 mm if the panel is 224 mm.
We lay out the panels for the floor of the house. Cut them down to required dimensions ordinary saw. If you need to remove the insulation, then we use a home-made thermal cutter (some companies offer it along with panels).

Important! The gap between the edge of the OSB board and the surface of the insulation inside the panel should be 20 - 25 mm. This is enough to tightly connect the panels with a beam 50 mm thick.

We start the assembly with the corner panel, splicing them along the length in a row. We foam the groove of the panels with mounting foam and insert the beam inside. Press firmly and hold for a few seconds. We fix with galvanized self-tapping screws with a pitch of 150 mm or wood screws 3.5x40 mm.
Then, from the side of the beam, we fasten the second panel. To do this, we also foam the groove in it. We put the panel on the beam and press it.
Repeating all these steps, we assemble the entire floor.
Then it is necessary to fill all the grooves remaining around the perimeter with boards 25 mm thick. The procedure is not too different: the groove must be filled with foam, then the board must be inserted, pressed and fixed with self-tapping screws.
The resulting structure with the help of a lever mechanism or heavy equipment must be laid in place for the floor. The protruding parts of the beams / log must be fixed to the foundation with anchors using steel angles. Insert the logs themselves into the places of the cut in the strapping beam.

Important! Sometimes they do it differently. The connecting beams do not have protruding parts, they are the same dimensions as the dimensions of the future floor. After the construction of sandwich panels is assembled, into the grooves of which the beams are inserted, the panels are also connected along the perimeter with a solid strapping board 40x200 mm. Then this design is installed on the beam of the lower trim and fixed with anchors.

Construction of walls from SIP panels

The next stage in the construction of a house from sandwich panels is the laying of a guide board, it is also called "lying". The dimensions of this board are completely dependent on the thickness of the sandwich panel. Let's assume for simplicity that our sandwich panel is 224 mm thick. Then we need a board 50x200 mm.

We lay the board on top of the strapping beam or floor (depending on the method of floor installation), align the strict horizontal and fix it with self-tapping screws 5x70 mm in increments of 350 - 400 mm. In this case, it is necessary to retreat from the outer edge of 10 - 12 mm.
Having carefully studied the layout of the wall panels, we begin the installation from the corner.

Important! When constructing walls from sandwich panels, it is extremely important to install the first corner panels evenly. All other panels will only repeat the spatial arrangement of these two, and it will be impossible to make a mistake and put them non-vertically.

We put two panels vertically in a corner. We pre-foam the bottom groove of the panel and put it on the bed. Align strictly horizontally and vertically. We fasten the panels to the bed with self-tapping screws 3.2x35 mm in increments of 150 mm.
We connect the panels together. To do this, you can insert a square-section board between them, or you can fasten them together at once, we foam the grooves, press them tightly and fasten them with self-tapping screws 12x220 mm in increments of 500 mm.

All other panels are mounted in the same way. The groove of the installed panel is filled with mounting foam, the bottom of the installed panel is also filled, the latter is put on the bed. A timber / board with a section of 50x200 mm is inserted between the installed and installed panels. The connection is tightly pressed and fixed: from below to the bed with self-tapping screws 3.2x35 mm, from the side between themselves with self-tapping screws 12x220 mm.

After the walls are completely mounted, the upper groove of the panels is also filled with foam, then the upper strapping board / timber 150x200 mm is inserted into it. The beam is fixed to the panels with self-tapping screws 4.2x75 mm, both panels are fixed to the beam on both sides with self-tapping screws 3.5x40 mm.

Openings for windows and doors can be cut in already installed walls or in advance, which is somewhat more difficult to accurately calculate, except when sandwich panels are ordered strictly according to the design at the factory.

Floor beams are attached to the beam of the upper trim in the standard way. There are several such fasteners: by cutting, using corners or brackets. You can choose any.

Important! As already mentioned above, the floors of the second or attic floor can also be completely made using sandwich panels, just like the floor. But this method is not strong enough and more laborious.

Arrangement of the roof in the house from SIP panels

The roof for a house made of sandwich panels can be made as a regular rafter, where the rafters rest on the Mauerlat or on the grooves cut in the spiked beams attic floor. Then the crate is stuffed onto the rafters and laid roofing material. If the attic is cold, it does not make sense to insulate it. If an attic is planned, then a heater is laid between the rafters and closed from the inside with a vapor barrier film. From the side of the roof, a waterproofing superdiffusion membrane is stuffed onto the insulation.

But there are other ways as well. On the photo showing houses made of sandwich panels, it can be seen that the roof is completely made of sandwich panels. In this case, the installation of the roof is carried out, starting from one edge, with a gradual build-up along the ridge. First, the first rafters are installed, which are fixed with self-tapping screws to the Mauerlat. Then sandwich panels are attached to them, just like in the walls.

Then the next rafter is installed, which is inserted into the groove of the previous panels, etc. This method more time-consuming than the installation of a conventional roof with insulation.

In general, assembling a house from sandwich panels is not very difficult task. Two or three people will cope with it in two weeks if the weather is favorable. In rainy weather, it is better not to work with panels, as the edges of fresh cuts are unprotected and susceptible to moisture. Best way to install windows standard sizes so you don't have to order individually.

Houses from sandwich panels: video - lesson

The construction of a house from unified elements of a large area, but of low weight, is very attractive in many cases.

For example, for the construction of industrial, commercial or auxiliary buildings, this option is optimal.

A striking example of such building materials are sandwich panels, which make it possible to build quickly, relatively cheaply and quite efficiently.

The work is carried out with minimal need for equipment, requires little time, does not require the participation of highly skilled workers, which makes the construction very economical.

Sandwich panels are two layers of sheet materials (profiled metal, PVC, OSB or magnesite boards), between which a layer of insulating material (mineral wool, polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene, etc.) is installed.

The dimensions of the plates are different, with a width of 1-1.2 m, the length of the panel can be from 50 cm to 13.5 m. The thickness of the panels depends on the size of the insulation and ranges from 5 to 25 cm. Such dimensions with low weight (a square meter of the thickest panel weighs only 42 kg) make it possible to build buildings in a matter of days or hours.

The most common are panels with outer layers of profiled metal with a thickness of 0.5-0.7 mm. The surface has a protective and decorative polymer coating that is resistant to external influences and protects the metal from corrosion.

Two types of panels are produced:

Wall. They have a small profile wave height, withstand large compressive or shear loads. Lock connection folded.
Roofing. They are made with an increased profile height (usually trapezoidal). The lock connection provides overlapping of the front layer with an overlap on one wave.

The panels are connected using locking profiles applied to the side edges. The end sides are usually open, during installation, the joints are filled with sealant and special flashings are installed on top. The panels are mounted on a supporting structure - a frame, the bearing capacity of which ensures the strength and stability of the walls and roof to all loads.

NOTE!

There are types of sandwich panels that have self-supporting properties and do not need a frame.

Photo of sandwich panels:

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of sandwich panels include:

Possibility of installation at any time of the year.
High installation speed.
No finishing work.
The light weight of the building allows you to save on the foundation.
The high heat-saving qualities of the panels help to save on heating the building.

There are also disadvantages, which should be:

The impossibility of multi-storey construction.
Weak bearing capacity of the walls, the inability to use them for installation attachments, furniture or other items.
Possibility of damage to the protective coating during installation or transportation.
The need for careful sealing of panel joints, the possibility of condensation.

Some deficiencies are unavoidable, others can be easily eliminated - for example, damage to the coating can be painted over, in the most difficult cases the entire panel can be replaced.

What are the advantages of sandwich panel houses

For the construction of residential buildings, SIP panels are most often used. This is a type of sandwich panel, the outer layers of which are made of OSB, or oriented strand board.

Houses built from SIP panels have a lot of advantages:

Walls made of such material have high heat-saving properties, they are light, do not load the foundation.
Since the construction of SIP panels cannot be higher than 2 floors, which is prescribed by the regulations, the use of construction equipment is not necessary. Usually cost the simplest lifting devices.
Any materials are suitable for exterior decoration, and, as a rule, there is no need for external insulation.
The cost of construction is much lower than with traditional materials.
The panels do not contribute to the appearance of fungus, mold or insects.
Communication is not difficult.

In addition, high speed and a small number of workers needed to complete the installation contribute to the growing popularity of sandwich panel construction.

Prefabricated buildings

Buildings constructed from sandwich panels are classified as prefabricated buildings.

The main type of such buildings is non-residential industrial or administrative buildings.:

Warehouses.
Public spaces.
Sports or fitness complexes.
Car dealerships.
Commercial or entertainment centers.
Industrial refrigerators.
Hangars for large aircraft or automotive equipment.

The construction of housing of their sandwich panels is gaining more and more popularity. For users, low cost, speed of construction and undemanding to the presence of a powerful foundation are increasingly attractive.

The construction of prefabricated buildings is carried out according to a standard scheme:

erection metal frame from unified elements, giving the possibility of a wide combination of assembly options - as if from a children's designer.
Installation of sandwich panels. Installation of panels takes a matter of minutes, most of the time is taken by sealing the joints and installing additional elements.
Installation roof panels, decoration of overhangs and other elements with extensions.
Decoration of window and door openings.

All work is done at a very high pace. Basic labor costs and financial investments fall on the construction of the foundation, the cost and type of which is determined by local geological conditions.

modular buildings

Modular buildings are one of the fastest and most efficient options for the construction of prefabricated buildings. The building is being built from ready-made modules - block containers, ready-made parts of a residential building with a finished factory exterior and interior finish.

Such projects are effective and very convenient for shift camps, construction sites of large facilities, geological exploration sites, meteorological or other scientific stations, etc. Modular buildings gained particular popularity in areas Far North, in the development of oil or gas fields.

Buildings can be dismantled, transported and reassembled elsewhere without any damage. The configuration, dimensions of the house can be changed. You can attach any part of the house, or, conversely, reduce its size. Such mobility, combined with the ability to transform, is appreciated by builders and workers.

Trade pavilions

The ability to have your own point of sale and not pay a huge rent is a significant bonus for any businessman, be it a beginner or an experienced and successful one. T the trading pavilion is convenient for business in that it has precise specifics and random people do not enter it.

In addition, the pavilion is in plain sight, and not among hundreds of similar ones in a large center, so the probability of successful trading in it is much better.

For the construction of a trade pavilion, sandwich panels are the best option. The main advantage is the speed of erection - all the time is spent only on erection zero level, and in some cases this is not done.

For example, when using a pile or pile-screw foundation, the construction speed is measured in a matter of days, which for trading activities is an invaluable advantage. For small pavilions, shallow depth is usually made. strip foundation which does not require a significant investment of time or money.

With a small pavilion, its cost will be comparable to the price of a used car, and the functionality of the building will be completely similar to an expensive capital building.

NOTE!

There are a large number of organizations that perform the installation of pavilions from sandwich panels according to low prices V as soon as possible. If there is no time or opportunity for self-construction, this option will be an excellent way out.

Is it worth making a cottage or a private house from sandwich panels?

The use of sandwich panels for housing or country houses in our country is not yet very popular. This is due to the traditional thinking and distrust of innovations that exists among the population..

At the same time, most private houses of the budget price category abroad are built using this or similar technology, which indicates the great potential and high performance of sandwich panels.

Moreover, almost all buildings in the north of Europe - in Finland, Norway - are built from sandwich panels. Finally, in Antarctica, all scientific stations are built in this way, and there are no complaints about their quality.

At the same time, there are a lot of advantages, from the speed of construction to the cost-effectiveness of construction. The specificity of the panels is such that they are most suitable for low-rise housing. If we also take into account the possibility of independent construction, without the use of construction equipment or a large team of workers, then the benefits of this method become obvious.

The network very often raises the question of the harmful effects of sandwich panels (in particular, SIP panels) on human health or well-being. Some argue that the inhabitants of such houses live in a cloud of formaldehyde, others scare the people with phosgene released from the insulation.

At the same time, no one knows where this information came from, everyone read it somewhere on the Internet. Nobody tried to acquire exact knowledge about the amount and composition of the emitted substances. At the same time, many people live in houses insulated with mineral wool or polystyrene, everyone is alive and well and has no problems.

The practice of overseas construction under very strict sanitary or technical requirements completely refutes these claims. The technique would not have found such wide distribution if any negative effects or manifestations were observed.

No material company wants to drown in health loss lawsuits, so you can be quite confident in the quality of the material.

Useful video

In this video you will learn what are the houses of sandwich panels:

Conclusion

Sandwich panels are an affordable and very convenient building material that allows you to build houses of any configuration in a matter of days at no extra cost. Simplicity installation work enhanced by the possibility of repairing or replacing panels, savings on construction are multiplied by lower heating costs.

The construction of sandwich panels has great potential, they have not yet fully revealed their capabilities to Russian consumers. Popularity and demand are constantly increasing, making panels an increasingly successful building material.

In contact with

Wall sandwich panels for decoration - a variety facing materials, which have a three-layer structure. Due to their design and the materials used, such wall panels have gained popularity in decoration, as they perform several functions: decorative, protective, and heat-insulating. The very name of the sandwich (from English - a sandwich) indicates the peculiarity of the material. Its main elements are stacked on top of each other like a sandwich.

Where are sandwich panels used?

Sandwich panels were created in America in the 30s of the twentieth century. As for the domestic market, products appeared on it relatively recently. Despite this, their popularity is growing rapidly. What is the material used for:

Construction of garages.
Construction of garden houses.
Construction of warehouses and industrial buildings.
For decorative wall decoration.

Today, change houses, kiosks and shops, as well as cinemas, can be built from the material. They insulate warehouses and finished structures. In addition, it is an excellent soundproofing material suitable for creating interior partitions. Supermarkets, shopping centers, cottages and buildings, the height of which is not more than 2 floors - all this is created from panels.

Characteristics and features of the building material

Wall panels are made from different insulating materials which are protected by rigid sheet materials. For this, PVC, polyurethane foam, mineral wool, PPS (expanded polystyrene) are used. Regardless of the type, the products are suitable for cheap and quick construction. Sandwich panel is made of 3 layers. The upper and lower are protective, most often galvanized steel is taken for it. It is corrosion resistant, temperature resistant and reliable.

Between the protective sheets is thermal insulation material. The main requirement for him is a low coefficient of heat conductivity, resistance to moisture and durability.

Sometimes a 4th layer is added to create a sandwich panel for interior decoration. It is made from drywall. Due to this, the fire resistance of the structure is increased.

In the diagram below, you can see a similar sandwich panel in section.

The main components of which it consists:

Facing material (external).
First adhesive layer (two-component).
The second adhesive layer (two-component).
Trapezoidal mineral wool slats.
Facing material (internal).
Protective film.
Roof lock.
Mineral wool slats (structural).

Due to the composite structure, sandwich boards have many advantages. We will consider them further.

Price, dimensions and weight of sandwich panels

The cost of sandwich plates is due to several factors:

the thickness of the sheet protective layer, on which the strength of the products depends;
color spectrum;
used polymer coating (pural, plastisol, polyester, PVC);
sandwich panel thickness, minimum 50, maximum 250 mm;
the quality of the insulation material;
order volume - the more products ordered, the cheaper the batch will cost.

As for dimensions, manufacturers provide a variety of products. The length of the panels can reach 18 m. The width is not so diverse. On sale you can find two options: 1 m and 1.2 m. The thickness of the material depends on the layer of insulation used in production.

The weight is influenced by the type and thickness of the thermal insulator layer. The thinnest and lightest of them is PPS (expanded polystyrene). According to the standards, the thickness and weight of sandwich panels are strictly regulated. They are: with a thickness of 150 mm - 25 kg / m, with 80 mm - 20 kg / m.

As you can see, sandwich panels, their sizes and prices are interconnected. You need to calculate everything before you buy a batch.

Varieties of sandwich plates

There are several signs by which the types of decorative finishes are determined. They have different characteristics and features of use.

Scope of purpose of products

There are three groups of materials, which are divided by scope:

For walls.
For the roof.
Corner.

The first option is products that are mounted vertically on the wall. The outer layer is made of metal with a protective polymer coated. The color range is wide. Sheets are connected by means of a Z-lock locking system, or a thorn-groove. Thanks to it, the joints of the sandwich panels are sealed, there are no cold bridges. The insulation inside is reliably protected from moisture.

Z-lock connection

Walls made of sandwich panels are warm, reliable and beautiful. To provide additional protection, the use of sealant, additional elements, polyurethane foam or construction tape.

tongue and groove connection

Characteristics of products for walls:

length from 1.5 to 20 m;
width from 1 m to 1.2 m;
thickness from 50 to 300 mm;
thickness of metal sheets from 0.45 to 0.7 mm.

Roof panels practically do not differ from wall panels, the structure and composition are the same. The main difference is in the lock connection. Moisture will not penetrate under the roof in any way and will not affect its structural elements. The profile of the panels is pronounced.

Since the roof is constantly exposed to UV rays, the sandwich panels are protected from such radiation and other aggressive influences. On the surface of the anti-corrosion coating. Additional protection of joints is not required, as the products are finished.

Characteristics of roofing products:

length from 1.5 to 20 m;
width 1 m;
thickness from 50 to 300 mm;
sheet metal thickness from 0.45 to 0.7 mm.

Corner products have a narrow specialization. They are needed to protect the corners of buildings from moisture and give them best view. Fastening sandwich panels of this type is carried out on the slopes.

Type of cladding used

For cladding sandwich panels can be used:

Stainless steel or galvanized steel with a protective polymer coating.
Combined materials. One of the sheets is replaced with cement-bonded particle boards, drywall. Such panels are used in the construction of partitions.
Special paper, aluminum foil or polyester is used.

Type of insulation

It is the insulation layer that indicates the main parameters and features of the products. Products are made from mineral wool (MW), expanded polystyrene (EPS), polyurethane foam (PPU), polyisocyanurate foam (PIR).

Material Features:

Sandwich panels with MW (GOST 32603-2012). Such a heat insulator does not burn, it is environmentally friendly. Good coefficient of thermal conductivity. Flaws - big weight and fear of moisture. Panels filled with mineral wool are used to create fireproof structures, as they are made of non-combustible basalt fiber.
Sandwich panels with PPS (GOST 15588-2014). The material does not harm the person and environment. Not afraid of moisture and aggressive environment. Operation is simple. Another advantage is low cost. The disadvantage is the scanty fire resistance. Used for the construction of industrial and commercial buildings.
Sandwich panels with PPU (GOST 23486-79). Fine-mesh heat insulator. It has the lowest heat conductivity coefficient. True, the material is on fire. Has a high price.
Sandwich panels with PIR (GOST 23486-79). Improved PPU, which has fire resistance, is resistant to aggressive environments and sun rays. The coefficient of thermal conductivity is low. The scope of use is varied.

Advantages and disadvantages of sandwich panels

To understand whether to buy products for finishing or creating a room, you need to find out the advantages and disadvantages of sandwich panels. Let's start with the positives:

Speed of execution construction works. The project to create a structure can be completed in the shortest possible time.
Affordable price, thanks to which everyone can afford panels.
Providing reliable mechanical protection along with high thermal insulation properties. Thus, the installation of wall sandwich panels will solve two problems.
No need to additionally insulate the building, spend money, time and effort on work.
Plates are small in size and weight. The load on the foundation of the house is not great, so it makes no sense to strengthen it and spend a lot of money. Buildings from sandwich panels are made quite simply.
The installation technology does not provide for the presence of special construction equipment. The work is done by hand.
These are not only products for creating structures, but also materials for external decorative finishing of the facade, which allows you to save money without performing additional finishing.
Products are protected from moisture, sun rays, rodents and other negative impacts.

However, the products are not without drawbacks, like any other materials. They are the following:

low mechanical strength finished structures made from sandwich panels. Although the metal protects the insulation, the building as a whole is poorly protected from mechanical stress;
if you save on the quality of the insulation, then its thermal insulation function is reduced to nothing;
performing interior decoration rooms, it is required to take into account the load on Wall panels. If it exceeds the norm, then the wall will easily collapse.

Sandwich panel installation work

In order for the work to be done qualitatively, you need to approach it responsibly. This requires professional construction knowledge and skills. Ideally, resort to hiring workers who will do everything right. But if you wish, you can do the work yourself.

To work, you need to stock up on such tools and materials:

wall sandwich panel 100 mm or other thickness on request;
electric drill and screwdriver;
building level;
profile or metal corner;
saw with small teeth;
plumb;
self-tapping screws for panels;
grips;
anchor bolts with gasket;
adhesive tape;
winch or similar mechanism;
clamping devices;
silicone sealant.

There are two types of installation of sandwich panels:

Horizontally.
Vertically.

As experience shows, it is better to resort to the second method if the house has a height of 3-6 m. The installation process is simple: you need to fasten the sandwich panel with self-tapping screws close to the roof and basement. The panels are connected to each other by locks.

The horizontal type of installation is easier in terms of fixing the locks. You need to start the installation process from the basement of the building. Products are attached to the frame along the edges.

The whole process can be divided into 3 stages:

Installing and fixing the first panel.
Product docking.
Longitudinal lock joint.

Decorative products under the brick

Especially for exterior decoration, decorative panels imitating brickwork were created. Paneling like this will transform your home. True, the price for such pleasure is high, not everyone can afford such material.

It is a self-supporting structure that can be used to create industrial complexes, retail outlets, sports venues and other buildings. advantage in beauty appearance strength, reliability and durability. The panels do not burn and have excellent soundproofing and heat-insulating characteristics. Resistance to wind load and compression is maximum.

Walls made of sandwich panels are light, warm, beautiful and durable. They have a unique design that allows you to decorate and insulate the house. Between the sheet materials is a heater. Due to this, the material has a lot of advantages over other analogues. And even though it has not been on our market for so long, many people already know what it is and are actively using it in private construction and for other purposes.

IN modern construction a wide variety of materials are used: profiled sheet, boards, metal tiles, brick, reinforced concrete and much more. All of them have a specific purpose, distinctive characteristics and differences in appearance. When it comes to innovative building materials, many people think of sandwich panels. This is truly a worthy invention. Sandwich panels outperform many materials of a similar profile, being functional and relatively inexpensive. But not everyone knows what this product is, what are its main advantages and where it is used most often.

Sandwich panels are considered a popular material, which explains the high demand for them. Products are manufactured on special equipment in the factory. You can learn more about the production of sandwich panels www.promstan.com.ua/production/sendvich-paneli. This building material is also sold here.

In general, sandwich panels are a three-layer structure. Insulation is placed between two thin sheets of steel. Mineral wool, fiberglass, expanded polystyrene, etc. are used as a heat insulator. The connection takes place by pressing. In the manufacture of sandwich panels, they can be cold or hot pressed. Any of the technologies endows the structure with strength, long service life and reliable operation.

The main pros and cons of sandwich panels.

Each material has specific advantages and disadvantages. Sandwich panels have the following advantages:

Minor weight. The use of building materials eliminates serious loads on the foundation. Therefore, the construction of a solid foundation is not required. In addition, the low weight facilitates transportation, assembly, dismantling and storage of the material.
thermal insulation properties. In these qualities, sandwich panels are in many ways superior to other heaters.
Large palette of colors. It is possible to purchase material of any shade, thereby inscribing it into the surrounding landscape. Moreover, no additional decorative trim finished surface.
Fire resistance. The building material fully complies with fire safety standards, so it can be used in various rooms.
Hygiene. Panels resistant to development of a mold and a fungus.
Soundproofing. Walls made of sandwich panels do not let in extraneous noise.

When using building materials, consider some of its disadvantages:

despite the high strength, the panels are inferior in hardness to traditional brick and reinforced concrete. Upon impact, structural deformation is possible;
sealing must be observed. If the connection of the plates is broken, the building may freeze in the future;
there is a possibility of creating a greenhouse effect under the roof. To avoid this, it is necessary to construct natural or forced ventilation;
panels are suitable for the construction of only structurally simple buildings, devoid of architectural designs.

Designs are used to implement various construction tasks. With their help, one and high-rise buildings. From the material you can quickly and easily build a house, summer kitchen, commercial building. The construction of offices, warehouses, hangars, sports complexes from sandwich panels is very popular. It is only important to choose a material that is suitable for its intended purpose. Wall slabs are used to build walls. They are profiled, smooth, etc. Roofing is suitable for arranging a roof.

In any case, the quality of sandwich panels is not overestimated. The material allows you to build strong and durable buildings at minimal cost.