Roof parapet: purpose, types and design requirements. Roof parapet: what is it, device, technical requirements for arrangement What is a parapet in architecture

Many building elements cannot be imagined without architectural elements such as parapets. What is it - a functional element or an ordinary building decor? First of all, the parapet is a rather important aspect, which makes it possible to protect fences, foundations, window frames and walls from the outside from all sorts of damage. What does the abbreviation parapet mean? First of all, it is a wall or fence along the object.

Roof parapets

Let's describe the parapets in more detail. These objects look like a solid wall, in the production of which a metal base of steel is used. It is quite resistant to corrosion. Secondly, they are not whimsical in operation, in connection with which the parapets serve for a long period. Thirdly, the parapets manufactured today have a variety of sizes and form factors and differ in their intended purpose. With all this, it is important to decide on a construct that will not change the appearance of buildings and can be its main element.

Parapets: varieties

Each building is designed individually, and of course its design will not be complete if you do not correctly build a system of parapets. We previously understood that this is an integral part of any building. Now we propose to consider what types of parapets are used today:

Flat is nothing more than a flat space with diluted droppers on both sides. The flat design of the parapet has a drip rectangular shape. This form is the most reliable and easy to install. Most simple design has a pair of slopes and is usually used to protect fences and exterior walls from aggressive influences.
The parapet-horse is supplemented with a bottom mount, which is covered with a visor on top. The device of this parapet is also difficult due to the installation of two droppers at once. Today, parapets of this design are more durable.

Roof, fence and of course foundation solutions.

Foundation parapets are a kind of slats that protect the base from the damaging effects of water. The design contains the main segment, as well as drips and folds. They are made of steel with a coated galvanized layer, which has a beneficial effect on the service life. Parapets are designed to be the least visible, yet still perform the immediate task reliably. Roof parapets are nothing more than a bar that will serve as a reliable fence for you. Often, the weakest point of any house is the connecting space of the facade and the roof, and it is the parapets that can protect it from harmful atmospheric influences. In ordinary variations, the roof parapets consist of the main part, bends located under the bevel in relation to the bar.

Is fencing really necessary?

Parapets are often installed on the roof, as well as along the side of the balconies. If the roof is of a pitched type, then the element is mounted at a roof height of 10 meters: this will make it possible to save a person from an unintentional fall, for example, during work. As for the main protective purpose, parapets are also necessary in order for the building to acquire an attractive appearance. The form should be selected based on the style decision of a particular building.

Fence parapets

Today, parapets must meet the following requirements:

The height for the roofs of buildings in operation is 1.2 m. If and besides, it is not used, you can not install a parapet or confine yourself to installing a metal fence. The element assembly must be securely fastened and insulated from moisture. A parapet from 45 cm must be additionally equipped with a protective apron.

Device Features

Based on the direct purpose of the parapet, the design is not complicated and not at all mandatory, but professional builders should still mount it. Since the degree of quality of the device of this element will depend on how well the overall in a buiding. If the device does not take into account a number characteristic features and the difference in parapet designs different type and destination, then the walls, both the building itself and the balcony and roof will often get wet. The quality of the materials used also plays an important role in the final result.

Everyone strives to ennoble their housing and surrounding space. Of course, in this case, one cannot do without construction works. But, as everyone knows, some participants in the structures being built are subjected to negative influence environment. These areas include:

protrusions;
fence walls;
window openings outside;
foundations.

A parapet can be used to protect these areas from adverse effects. The parapet is a kind of continuous wall of small height, which is able to protect the parapet from a variety of mechanical damage and various environmental influences.

Parapet application

Parapets are also installed on flat or pitched roofs. It can also perform a decorative function. This design must be installed in a place where people are expected to stay. By building codes the minimum height of the parapet should be from 45 to 120 cm. Often an apron is installed on top of the structure, which protects it from destruction.

Material for making a parapet

Parapets are made from various materials: concrete blocks, brick, monolithic reinforced concrete and metal. In our country, metal is more common. Such structures can be quickly and easily installed. Such metal structures are made of galvanized steel, which is a reliable and functional material. A parapet structure of this type has a fairly long service life. There are parapets made of copper, which is highly durable. This type of design will not make you think about replacing the design with a new one.

Parapet installation

Installing a parapet is a responsible task. Attention: many masters do not recommend trusting this process to an amateur. After all, this other has many nuances - for example, the correct installation of the parapet assembly is part of the structure that adjoins the wall. After all, the installation of this section will be responsible for the reliability and efficiency of the structure as a whole.

Today, parapet structures are also actively used on the outer slopes of windows (they are called external window sills, ebbs). External window sills have a flat profile. Their main task is to protect window slope from the influence of various adverse environmental factors. Such ebbs are made of metal: aluminum or galvanized steel.

Types of parapets

You should decide in advance on the type of parapet. Exist:

a flat parapet that has a smooth surface and droppers set aside.
parapet construction of a flat shape with a rectangular dropper. This type has a rectangular bend at the bottom. This ensures a high-quality and reliable fit of the structure and the mounting surface.
parapet structure with two slopes. It is mainly used to protect the walls of the fence from various damages.
parapet with two slopes and a drip in the form of a rectangle. Differs in high reliability.
The “skate” parapet is distinguished by a lower mount, which is covered with a visor from above.
a complex parapet, which includes a flow of water, which can go in two directions. This type of parapet is the most reliable and durable, due to the installation features of the parapet assembly.

Safety on the street, at work and at home is the main requirement for a fulfilling life. The construction industry is actively assisting in this matter, together with the employees of ZhEKs and executive authorities, since the level of accidents on roads and roofs is beyond the permissible range. Building builders and road builders combat this problem with parapets.

What is the parapet of the building

The word itself came to us from the French language "parapet", and this word is also found in Italian, which is defined as "raised wall". In our everyday language, a parapet refers to an elongated wall on rooftops and roads that functions as a safety guard against falls and accidents, like a handrail on a bridge, rooftops, stairs, and high ground. Often during the construction of private houses, between the second and first floors, it is used to create a recreation area, instead of a balcony, because in this case the parapet allows you to expand the space. In other cases, it narrows the space and limits it somewhat.

According to SNiP, the device of parapets is necessary for roofs:

with a height of over 10 m (to the eaves) and a slope of up to 12%;
with a height of more than 7 m and a slope of slopes of more than 12%;

The history of the development of the parapet in buildings

For the first time, the parapet began to be used in the construction of buildings at the end of the 15th century AD in France in the town of Staibulein. Later this idea was picked up by Greece, Spain and Italy. Türkiye decorated the parapets of the building with national and religious patterns and drawings. Since the 20th century, there has been an intensive "spurt" in the development of the auto industry, which has introduced many rules and adjustments to the charter of society's behavior on the roads. Yes, there are rules traffic. The main rule on the road has always been considered - the safety of the life of a pedestrian and a driver. And bridges, uneven paths in contact with the sidewalk, carried a huge danger to society. At high speed, the car often fell into a pond, rates, river due to the fact that there were no restrictive elements on the roads. For this purpose, curbs and roadside fences were invented. In order to eliminate accidents on buildings and multi-storey buildings since the 1950s in the USSR, architects have necessarily used this element of "insurance" on the roofs of buildings and balconies. To this day, builders and architects adhere to this building rule. And also on balconies and bridges they use railings, which are also a subspecies of the parapet.

What are the parapets of the building:

flat, their surface is completely flat, they are equipped with drippers responsible for draining water, which are separated in opposite directions;
ridge, which are attached from below and covered with a visor;
complex, the water in them is discharged from two different sides, and the droppers are bent under the visor;
simple, having two slopes;
curly, outwardly resembling a railing.

Types of parapet

Fence;
Fundamental;
For roof and roofing;
curb;
Roadside.

The fence most often has some kind of ornament or pattern, since it ends with the scheme of the structure of the fence. The use of a wrought iron fence made of metal not only decorates the external form of the fence, but also ensures the safety of property and does not penetrate into private territory.

Foundation reinforces the structure and provides an additional area of space for use in waterproofing. This type is also often used in playgrounds: in sandboxes and play areas. In this case, the parapet represents the role of the playground boundary. During the construction of professional pools, a parapet is necessarily created for it, which helps to retain the water of the pool.

Curb and roadside differ only in height, but in general, that one, that one is performed on a motorway and on roads. Curb protects pedestrians from car collisions on the sidewalk, and roadside protects the car from dangerous sections of the road: a bridge, a cliff, a sharp and dangerous descent, a faulty road. The rules of the road indicate the places where the parapet on the road must be present in good condition, which are equipped with special night vision lights.

Parapet manufacturing methods

They make a parapet from almost any building material. For office buildings, light construction is usually used. metal pipes covered with plastic or glass. The safety regulation requires that the parapet on the roof of the building be at least 0.60 cm high. On an unsafe roof, the design of metal pipes ensures the safety of staying on the roof.

Another fairly common form is considered to be a wrought-iron parapet made of metal products: this species manufacturing not only looks aesthetically pleasing, but also has the longest service life. Perform Forged Products from stainless material. The most common type is made of bricks or concrete mass. This type is considered the most affordable, economical, from a material point of view, and easy to build. It just needs regular maintenance. appearance using special solutions and paints. This type is used in the construction of roads and private houses.

For the roof and roofing, the parapet is mainly used in the construction of high-rise buildings, since the roof is unsafe for residents and people around, and also in order to organize a vault Wastewater. Usually, this type of parapet has special plinths with a sewer hole for sewage.

Important! The parapet on a flat roof can be combined, consisting of several different materials. For example, metal railings are often installed on a concrete or brick base.

It is best to entrust the fasteners and the structure of the parapet to professionals, despite the fact that it is not so difficult to remove it yourself. The whole problem lies in the quality and safety of fastening. Mostly companies specializing in installation work carry out fastening and installation of parapets on any site of the building. They also provide a guarantee of the safety of the performance of this work and insurance. Thanks to special fasteners, this type of work is carried out with the main goal - to protect people from accidents.

Parapet (French parapet, from Italian parapetto, from parare - to protect and petto - chest)

1) a low solid wall enclosing the covering of a building, a terrace, a balcony, an embankment, a bridge, etc. Often serves as a pedestal for decorative vases and statues. 2) A wall located on the crest of a dam, breakwater, dam, etc. and protecting it from being washed away by waves. P. is also called a wall, arranged in shipping locks to enclose the territory adjacent to the chamber.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

Synonyms:

See what "Parapet" is in other dictionaries:

- (fr., from lat. parare to protect, and pectus chest). 1) a stone or earthen wall built on top of a fortification and serving to cover those who guard it. 2) a breast-height fence placed on a terrace, bridge or embankment. Dictionary… … Dictionary foreign words Russian language

PARAPET, parapet, male. (from the Greek para against and petomai I fly). 1. Fence, railing along something, a fence that protects against falling. Bridge parapet. There is a parapet along the edge of the roof. 2. A cover that protects against bullet damage (military). Explanatory … Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

parapet- a, m. parapet m., it. parapetto. fort. 1. A low stone wall that served as a parapet on the fortress walls. BAS 1. military Low cover, stone, earthen, from shots. Dal. The guns fire barbette when the parapet at the batteries is only... Historical dictionary gallicisms of the Russian language

Railing, fence, barrier, fence, wall Dictionary of Russian synonyms. parapet n., number of synonyms: 5 barrier (15) about ... Synonym dictionary

Parapet- - fencing of a balcony, roof of a building, bridge, embankment, etc. In some cases, the parapet is solved as a decorative artistic element ... Builder's Dictionary

- (French parapet from Italian parapetto), a low solid wall passing along the edge of the roof, terrace, balcony, along the embankment, bridge (as a barrier); on the crest of a dam, pier, dam (to protect against the destructive action of waves), in navigable ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

PARAPET, a, husband. Low barrier wall, railing. P. bridge. | adj. parapet, oh, oh. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

Husband. railings, handrails, balustrades, baluster, fence, low wall; | military low cover, stone, earthen, from shots. Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary. IN AND. Dal. 1863 1866 ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

- (French parapet, Italian parapetto, protect and petto chest from ragage), a fence, railing or a low solid wall running along the edge of a roof, terrace, balcony, along a bridge, embankment (as a barrier), on the crest of a dam, pier ,… … Art Encyclopedia

Stone fence, arranged instead of railings on massive bridges. Technical railway dictionary. M.: State transport railway publishing house. N. N. Vasiliev, O. N. Isaakyan, N. O. Roginsky, Ya. B. Smolyansky, V. A. Sokovich, T … Technical railway dictionary

Parapet- as a rule, a deaf fence of a height difference. Here: a structural element that encloses the paths of movement and functional spaces, combining functions according to the criteria of safety and information content ...

If you're determined to build your home with a trendy and functional flat roof, then it's time to put some thought into fencing! So an open area at a height will be safe, comfortable and suitable even for children's games. Moreover, the roof parapet will simultaneously play an important aesthetic role, giving the exterior of the building a complete, logical and stylish look.

You will be surprised to learn how many types of parapets exist, what design masterpieces are made from them and which option is best for you!

So, let's start with what exactly is called a parapet on the roof, and what it should be like. In fact, this is a low perimeter fence, which is equipped not only on roofs, but also on terraces, balconies, bridges and even embankments. The parapet is rightfully considered one of the architectural elements of buildings, because it is always visible, even from afar.

Rain and melt water often falls not only on the cornices, but also on the attics and walls, which are gradually filled with moisture. After some time, the surface begins to crumble, and the masonry begins to collapse. That's just in order to protect the walls and install parapets.

The profiles themselves are often used as lightning rods. To do this, they are grounded, the profiles themselves are selected from a rather thick metal with a seam or terminal connection, high-temperature soldering, welding or threaded connection. But in Russia, there is no official permission to use a metal parapet as a lightning rod yet, as in many other countries.

What is, in fact, a lightning rod? This is a metal part that intercepts the lightning discharge and does not allow the structure to come into contact with the high-temperature channel. And any lightning rod should include three main elements: a lightning receiver, down conductor and grounding.

According to Russian legislation, a lightning rod can be made of steel, aluminum or copper with a thickness of 50, 70 and 35 mm2, respectively, and a minimum thickness of at least 0.5 mm.

At the same time, neither a layer of plastic up to 1 mm, nor a layer of anti-corrosion paint, and even asphalt pavement up to 0.5 mm. In principle, a metal parapet meets these requirements if there is no combustible building structure underneath. But often it is made from other materials too:

Types and types of roof fencing

You have probably noticed that most often the edges of a flat roof are trimmed with metal profiles in the form of attics. This is necessary in order to effectively separate rainwater from the walls, protect roofing material from mechanical damage and provide the most reliable waterproofing of the parapet.

It will be interesting for you to know that in Western countries the shape of the parapet profile is not chosen based on economic considerations or design ideas - everything is dictated by the codes of construction work.

The profiles for the parapet themselves are load-bearing and non-bearing. If they are mounted on special, corrosion-resistant fasteners and brackets, these are load-bearing systems. The profile itself must be of sufficient thickness, from 1.25 mm, and resistant to any wind.

But non-bearing profiles are attached to auxiliary and supporting structures. They are much thinner, from only 0.4 to 0.8 mm, made of anti-corrosion metal, as well as wood. The compensation bar is glued below the main profile.

The main requirement for the corners and joints of the parapet is water tightness. Therefore, the edging fasteners are always mounted flush. A tWhere the metal edging is glued to the edges of the roof, the width of the overlap must be from 120 mm, and all joints must be waterproof.

If in the process of arranging the parapet you have to install elements with a length of 3 meters or more, then additional structures will be needed.

In total, the thickness of the metal directly depends on the purpose of the parapet:

To solve a problem of any complexity, companies today offer a wide choice: parapets of the most different forms, corners, decorative strips and special elements for fixing.

The main requirement for the parapet is that the edging should be sloped to a horizontal surface and equipped with a cornice.

Technical requirements and building codes

With a minimum or zero angle of inclination, a metal parapet is able to withstand increased atmospheric loads.

Modern parapets are made of copper, aluminum and titanium-zinc. Depending on the material of manufacture, the method of connecting the profile is selected: riveting, double fold, welding and high- or low-temperature soldering.

For a copper profile, it is necessary to install a cornice with a size of 50 mm or more. Separately, we also note titanium-zinc, for which there are installation rules: installation with a slope of at least 3 °, and up to 15 ° it is necessary to lay a separating layer with a drainage function.

In Russia, they are rare, but still there are wooden parapets. Naturally, a cover must also be installed on top of them, but this time with an anti-condensate superdiffuse membrane. To do this, you need to install the straps on which it will be mounted top coat. Next, a part of the membrane is laid on the corner.

Now, metal strips are also installed on the sides of the parapet, which will protect the tree. A cover is made from a metal sheet (in this case, titanium-zinc is suitable):

To connect the profiles of the parapet end-to-end, you need a standing, double or recumbent fold, as well as trim strips. Abroad, some rules for arranging a parapet recommend connecting the corners of the attics by welding, or cutting the corners of the attic from a single canvas, while others say that only internal corners should be made from two parts. In a word, both options are acceptable to some extent.

The main thing is to take into account the linear expansion and contraction of the metal, because the parapet is in the open air, and most of all of all the structures of the house heats up in the heat and rapidly loses temperature in the cold.

Therefore, if you fasten the roof parapet too rigidly, for example, with a standing seam, or place metal profiles directly on the edge of the roof, then material distortion cannot be avoided.

That is why, if the standing seam technique has already been applied, the use of overlapping butt strips and expansion joints is also necessary:

Arrangement of a parapet on a residential building

Additional supporting and auxiliary structures are made of steel, aluminum and wooden profiles. If you chose wood, the bars should be at least 30 mm thick, plus treat them with bio- and fire retardants.

If you consider metal substructures more reliable, then take a steel profile or stainless aluminum. Ideally, if it is the same metal as the parapet, otherwise consider the compatibility of such materials.

By the way, in Russia most often the parapets are simply glued together. To do this, produce special adhesives for fixing metal products to almost any surface. Those. the parapet, cornice and ebb can be securely fixed to a concrete, wood or brick surface.

For this purpose, moisture-resistant plywood is most often laid on the supporting base of the roof perimeter and fixed. Such a base for the parapet is almost perfect, and metal is attached with Enke glue. This method, unlike others, allows not only to achieve a flat surface and provide the desired reduction in wind noise.

By the way, the easiest option for arranging a parapet is to cover it with mastic or modern liquid rubber:

Parapet roof fastening methods

Parapets are recommended to be made of a metal profile and installed with a slope of 3 ° towards the roof. At the same time, the height of the parapet and the extension beyond the roof depends on the height of the building. There is such a thing as the elevation of the parapet roof.

Let's look at each type of parapet roof attachment.

Method number 1. crutches

We are talking about special products made of steel strip with a width of 40-60 mm and a thickness of 4-5 mm. These strips are welded into a T-shaped profile, which is quite laborious, but most practical, because this increases the contact area.

But crutches have such disadvantages as low corrosion resistance, which causes rusty streaks on the facades of the building, plus the need for a large amount point fixings. And this leads to loosening of fasteners, separation of the profile when strong wind and frequent need for repairs.

The main requirement for the installation of crutches is tightness:

Method number 2. False planks

The roof of the parapet is also fastened to false strips made of stainless and galvanized steel with a thickness of at least 1 mm. This method requires welding, but is more reliable in the wind, because here the entire load is evenly distributed over all corners.

Method number 3. overlap

This is the simplest and most affordable profile, but it is far from the most airtight. It is allowed to be used only with a ventilated base and a profile width of up to 300 mm. An additional mount for finishing is mounted on the slats themselves, and at the end of the installation, the tightness of the entire parapet is carefully checked.

Method number 4. sticking

With parapet widths from 600 mm, parapet covers are glued to the base in combination with T-profiles or false strips. Such fastening is the most resistant to wind load and moisture, because there is already an additional layer of waterproofing - glue. Adhesive based on rubber, bitumen and polyurethane fills the pores of the base.

In combination with gluing and a false strip, a UDS connector and an underlay profile are also used.

Here is another good example where sticking is applied:

Only gluing helps when foam is used as a parapet roof. This method is often resorted to when the parapet itself is a continuation bearing wall at home, and then it can serve as a cold bridge. Even more: condense moisture!

Here's how to make such a roof:

Step 1. Connect the planks at the junction of the corner with mounting glue.
Step 2. Also put the foam strips on the glue themselves, and cut off the excess from the side of the street.
Step 3. Stitch the excess foam on top and sweep away debris.
Step 4. Tape the inner and outer corners with tape, and apply mounting foam on top.
Step 5. Cut the roofing membrane into pieces right size, and stick over the foam.
Step 6. Carefully seal all seams.
Step 7. Smooth out the entire surface by hand.

Here's what such a process looks like:

Method number 5. Single or double fold

Single rebate is one of the most popular methods, suitable for profile widths up to 450 mm and ventilated spaces.

A double rebate is recommended with a parapet width of 600 mm or more and with a ventilated space. Another type of fastening with such initial data is prohibited, because temperature fluctuations and additional stresses easily arise here, and, as a result, the nodes are loosened.

Method number 6. Mounting in the inner or outer bar

This method is suitable for adhesive bonding, the presence of a ventilated base and a profile width of up to 600 mm.

Method number 7. Laying a waterproofing membrane

One of the most reliable ways to protect a parapet is to wrap it with a PVC membrane. This must be done in such a way that the PVC membrane either goes on a horizontal surface by 80-100 mm, or on the outer surface of the parapet:

Step 1. First of all, you need to fix it with a metal rail.
Step 2. Cut the metal rail into desired length and fix on the parapet.
Step 3 Attach the membrane strip to the parapet between the metal strips.
Step 4 Lay the membrane tape over the parapet.
Step 5. Cut out special corners from the membrane and secure them with stitching rollers and a welding machine.
Step 6. Treat all the edges and folds of the membrane with the same tools.
Step 7 Lay the canvases at the bottom of the parapet in two layers.
Step 8 Cover additionally all corners.

Such a membrane can be left like the rest on the roof surface, or additionally covered with metal covers:

We also mention the modern fashion to use flat roof with a parapet for practical purposes, equipping it with recreation areas and additional open space for personal tasks. In this case, a special glass railing is attached to the parapet:

This is the technology of the device, protection and waterproofing of the parapet of a residential building. Study! And if you have any questions, ask them in the comments to the article.