Divide the words into semantic groups: cars, girls, parties, and so on. Write a few new words 5-10 times along with the translation on paper and at the same time say them out loud.

Every day, memorize a few words and be sure to repeat the old ones.

Write out newly learned words in three lists on three sheets. In each option, the word order should be different.

After you understand that you remember everything, demonstrate your knowledge to yourself: take sheets with lists, fill them in with a translation (for memory, of course), and then check the result with a dictionary.

Do not save paper: there really should be three sheets so that you can fix the meanings of words without being tied to their sequence.

Secondly

If words are forgotten quickly, and no one else speaks Japanese in prison, play with all your vocabulary in antonyms (white - black) and chaining (bus - soup - police).

English learners will be interested in visiting freerice.com. This is an online game with different levels of difficulty, where you need to choose a synonym for the proposed English word (options are attached). And since the site is run by the United Nations World Food Programme, every correct answer you get brings 10 grains of rice to starving people. Before you, only Bruce Willis could save the world so cleverly.

Third

Do not forget about the mnemonic method of memorization, finding sound associations for words in a language that you already know well (not necessarily your native one). For example, the word “sleep” (“sleep”) is consonant with “stick together”. Association - "eyes stick together."

Many people remember associations easier if they go beyond reality. For example, when the English "neck" ("neck") is associated with something like "Nekrasov had a trained neck in the stable." Well, and so on ...

Fourth

Associate words with specific objects or people. For example, your neighbor Daniil Petrovich always reminded you of the green Niva.

Take advantage of this image and associate three words with it at once: "green", "neighbor" and "car".

Fifth

If you pretend that you don’t have a perverted fantasy and you don’t imagine your neighbor as a Russian car, link words into logical chains, the links of which seem to resonate only with you: TV - cinema - popcorn - pregnancy - subway.

At sixth

Get a notebook and for the word you want to learn, draw a picture, and under it write the word itself with translation and transcription.

Firstly, during this lesson you will have time to memorize the word so much that there will be time to curse it three more times. Secondly, you will be able to think in images that you have created yourself. And this is not forgotten.

How to memorize words. There are probably many ways to remember information. You can write out words and stick them on the refrigerator - the place to which we most often approach. And update as you remember them. You can burn the words to a disc and listen to them in the car or subway. You can use eidetic methods. Everyone will find what suits him the most.

Here are a few memory tricks that I recommend to my students.

1. Words need to be remembered in context. If you decide to learn a list of words at the end of a lesson in a textbook by writing out their meanings, this is a waste of time. After all, the word has more than one meaning. Need to learn something right now. specific meaning related to the topic of the lesson. An attempt to learn anyhow that will not lead to success, since there is no situation behind such a word. So, it will immediately be forgotten.

2. It is advisable to write out the words as you meet them. It is even better to translate the words by signing them with a pencil in the textbook. And then, after a while, return to them and write them out in a separate notebook specially designated for this. Dictionary notebook should have three columns: foreign word, transcription, translation. This is especially important when learning English words, where there are a lot of exceptions in pronunciation.

3. When memorizing, try to avoid cramming. Passive repetition of the word and its meaning is work on short-term memory. A conscious representation of the word is needed. That is, the word must be seen in context each time it is accessed. If you wrote down a word and then learn it, you just need to read the word, its translation and imagine the situation-context in which it was used or make a sentence with it yourself. If you didn’t write out the word, consider that you were looking for its meaning in the dictionary in vain. You have not "tamed" him, your hand, and hence your memory, does not "know" this word. It will pass you by.

4. It is necessary to make sentences with new words. And it is desirable that the teacher could check them to make sure that you use words correctly in speech.

5. A good result will give this way of remembering. You write out words in a dictionary. Read them two hours later. Then read it again two days later. And come back to them in two weeks. Words are memorized automatically. Memory receives a signal that you need them and are important. You remember them for two weeks. This means that it is no longer a short-term memory, but a long-term one.

6. It is important to set yourself up so that you memorize the words as soon as you meet them. So that the memory knows that this is work now, and not in a month.

7. Also, the word needs to be "tamed". To do this, an unfamiliar word must be associated with a familiar word or image according to its sound sound. That is, to invent an association. The association for the word should be funny .. cause a laugh when it is pronounced, bright and large. That is, if “chair” is “chair” and you do not know its meaning, but you know very well that “cherry” is “cherry”, then you can imagine a chair consisting of bright ripe and large cherries. And this chair should occupy the space of the room in your imagination. Now sit on it. Oops.. Making up associations is a lot of work.. in the beginning. Then it starts to get faster and better. But such words are much better remembered without tedious cramming, turning the process of learning new words into an exciting experience. It is enough to come up with a successful association once, and you will not forget it.

8. Someone says: “Oh, I have no imagination!”. It doesn't happen! It's just that someone has it well developed, while someone neglected it most of his life, preferring the exact sciences. If imagination is not enough, it must be developed. Not just for memorizing words. Useful in life. These types of exercises will help you in this. Draw words - meanings, come up with a funny situation for them.

9. Then we must also remember that at the beginning of learning, language is foreign to our way of thinking, our mind. There is rejection. Words are hard to remember. But the more you do it, the easier the process becomes. Once learned words help to remember new ones.

10. Motor memory helps to memorize words well. In the process of writing out words, you also memorize them. Therefore, do not be lazy to write out and rewrite them. For example, when working with a dictionary, you close the English words, look at the Russian ones and write next to the draft English word. So you remember both the meaning of the word and its spelling. Remember that all people are different in the way they perceive information (and not only). Some are auditory, some are visual, and some are kinesthetic. Therefore, the ways of remembering for each will be different.

11. Group words by common features. For example, derivatives from one root, verbs, thematic groups (transport, city, products)

12. Well, you should remember the ancient and wise rule: Repetitia est mater studiorum - "Repetition is the mother of learning." Once a month - two - three, arrange a control repetition of the entire dictionary (notebooks with the words you personally wrote out). Take a bath - take a dictionary with you. Play in a relaxed state with words, draw in your imagination funny pictures for each word. Especially difficult to remember words - on the refrigerator, on front door, on the board above the desktop - so that they become familiar and remembered.

We have been learning English all our lives, we know the rules, but still we cannot correctly answer a foreigner and watch the series in the original without pain. Why is that?

We decided to look into this injustice and found a way to learn foreign words better. There is a universal memory formula proposed by the German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus. And she works.

Why do we forget

The brain protects us from overload and constantly gets rid of unnecessary information. That is why all the new words that we learn first fall not into long-term, but into short-term memory. If they are not repeated and used, they are forgotten.

The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve shows that within 1 hour of memorization, we forget more than half of the information. And in a week we remember only 20%.

How to remember everything

So that new words do not fly out of your head, you need to try to "place" them in long-term memory. Memorization in this case is ineffective, since the brain does not have time to quickly comprehend the information and build strong associative links. To remember longer - it is better to stretch the memorization process for several days, or even weeks. At the same time, it is enough to repeat once.

You can practice spaced repetitions with homemade flashcards or special applications Types: Anki (Android, iOS) and SuperMemo (Android, iOS)

12 more secrets to memorizing new words

• Teach Consciously. Meaningful material is remembered 9 times faster.
• Decide on a list of words you need to keep the conversation going. There are only about 300-400 of them. Remember them first.
• Please note that words at the beginning and at the end of the list are remembered better("edge effect").
• Switch your attention from the chosen topic to another. Know that similar memories mingle(the principle of interference) and turn into "porridge".
• Teach the opposite. If you remember day, then consider night. Antonyms are remembered faster and easier.
• Build your "halls of memory". The essence of the method is that you need to associate memorized words with a specific place. For example, while walking around the room, associate new words with individual details in the interior. Repeat several times and leave the room. After that, restore the room in your memory and at the same time the words learned with its prompts.
• Use the word-nail technique. The essence of the method is to join the memorized word to the already known one for memorization. So, when you think of "nail", you may be able to think of another word. For example, in the counting rhyme: "One, two, three, four, let's count the holes in the cheese", the words "four" and "in the cheese" are connected with each other.
• Associate new words with those you already know. For example, the word heel (heel) can be remembered by remembering Achilles and his Achilles heel. And the word look (look) can be learned if you remember how difficult it is to look when you cut an onion.
• Make up stories. If you need to memorize the words in a certain order, try building them up into an impromptu story. It is important that all the words are related to each other in the plot.
• Use a voice recorder. Say the words to the recording, and then listen to them several times. This method is especially suitable for those who perceive information better by ear.
• Animate and visualize. Use facial expressions when studying emotions. Move while learning words sports theme. This way you also use muscle memory.
• Do not learn the language from the dictionary and school textbooks. If you love Game of Thrones, try learning the words from this show. So much more interesting.

The need to memorize a large amount of new words is a serious obstacle for a foreign language learner. There is an opinion that children memorize foreign words well, and adults - worse. Mnemonics shows that this is not entirely true, and even not at all true.

Indeed, by the age of seven, a child masters his native language, because he lives in a linguistic environment. His teachers are many people at once (dad, mom, grandparents, friends, educators). But over the seven years of his life, the child is gaining not such a large vocabulary - 1500-2000. If you divide this number by the number of days in seven years, then it turns out that children learn only one word every day.

A student of a foreign language intensively does not like such a “phenomenal” memory for words. You need to be able to memorize at least 50 new words a day, then a conversational minimum of 2000 words can be memorized in 40 days. This is not about memorization, in which "they read and translate with a dictionary," or rather they cannot read and translate without a dictionary. Words must be memorized in such a way that they will never be looked up in the dictionary again. But even this is not enough. Words need to be memorized in such a way that, when perceived, they conjure up appropriate visual images in your imagination. In this case, the concept of "translation" will lose its meaning for you. After all, if a foreign speech includes the mechanisms of a recreating imagination in you, you will simply understand it without any translation, as you understand the words of your native language.

Memorization of a group of foreign words is carried out in several stages.

1. Memorable words are presented in the form of visual images. Visual representations in all languages ​​look the same. Apple, apple, ringo - all these are different designations for the same image.

2. Visual images of a certain number of words are remembered in the appropriate sequence. This is necessary so that during mental recall you can work through all the words without gaps.

3. On the image of the memorized word, marks are made that tell you how it sounds in a foreign language. After that, you can already reproduce foreign words without a dictionary. However, this memorization is not enough. Reproduction is still carried out on the basis of the formed auxiliary associations. From this moment, the memorization of words begins, i.e. the formation of a direct connection between the word and the image.

4. Next, you remember the next image and read the pronunciation from it. Then you remove the label images from your consciousness and imagine only the remembered image. Against the background of this image, by the method of mental pronunciation and mental drawing (when memorizing the spelling), you form a direct connection between the image and its new sound. This operation must be done several times over two or three days, until the new sound "sticks" to the image.

You can carry out operations to consolidate words in memory at any time - on a walk, in transport, at the table. You don't need a textbook to review and consolidate new words, as the pronunciation of words is recorded in your memory.

A gross mistake would be the formation of an association between the sound of a word and the image-label.

Example. When memorizing the image of “Hair” with the Japanese word “Kami”, we represent the hair in a large way and make the label “Fireplace” in the “hair” in a smaller way. With mental repetition, it is necessary to imagine the hair and pronounce "Kami" to yourself. The representation of the image of the fireplace will be a mistake, since the association is formed incorrectly. You don't want the word "Kami" to conjure up an image of a fireplace in your mind, do you?

Auxiliary associations (label images), in which the pronunciation is encoded, are needed only for the first stage of memorizing foreign words, to capture information in memory, to get rid of the need to carry a textbook with you and be able to consistently repeat words.

Communication is formed quite quickly. You will feel it by the appearance of the effect of direct recall. At the same time, it will often be difficult for you to remember auxiliary images. The visual image will immediately cause pronunciation and vice versa.

The technique of memorizing foreign words is quite simple, but on the condition that you have the skills to encode words into images and form artificial associations. The more you train in memorizing foreign words, the easier they will be remembered.

In the lesson, we work out the memorization of foreign words using the example of words from the Japanese language. This language was chosen for two reasons. First, Japanese words are fairly easy to remember; secondly, practically no one knows the Japanese language, so it is possible to objectively evaluate the effectiveness of memorization using the proposed technique. Memorizing English words will not ensure the “purity of the experiment”, because many English words are familiar to everyone.

To effectively put into practice the technique of memorizing foreign words, you must have formed good memorization skills. This is a high speed of encoding information into images, the ability to form figurative codes in memory, the ability to remember associations from the first time and in sufficient time. large volume. Thus, memorizing one hundred foreign words can be equated to memorizing three hundred two-digit numbers or one hundred phone numbers. Your ability to memorize this amount of information at one time directly depends on the stability of your attention. Sustainability of attention - the main indicator in assessing the skill of memorization by the program "Master of Memorization" - is determined by the volume of memorized information. Even if you memorize 60 numbers without a single mistake, keeping within the memorization speed standard, the “Memorization Master” will give you a modest mark of “3”, because memorizing 60 numbers is equivalent to memorizing only 20 foreign words and such a memorization skill is not enough for intensive study of a foreign language. For comparison, in one lesson of a language course there can be an average of 100-150 new words. In one paragraph of the history textbook, there are 50 informational messages to be memorized, which consist of approximately 250 images.

UDC 372.881.1

25 WAYS TO MEMORIZE FOREIGN WORDS

Markova Svetlana Dmitrievna
Vilnius University
Lecturer, doctoral student, Department of Russian Philology

annotation
The result of work on the development of lexical skills depends on the method used in learning a foreign language.
The article describes the 25 most effective ways memorization of words. These are illustrated dictionaries, thematic dictionaries, frequency dictionaries, lexical minimums, lists, associations, routes, lexiland, city, cards, a simulator of all polyglots, words in action, cards - an application for a smartphone, stickers, a metronome, a personal comfort zone, recording on a voice recorder , cognates, phrases, opposites, synonyms, creating your own thematic dictionaries, mind maps, crosswords, scanwords.

25 WAYS TO MEMORIZE OF FOREIGN WORDS

Markova Svetlana Dmitriyevna
Vilnius University
lecturer, doctoral student, Department of Russian Philology

Abstract
The result of work on the development of lexical skills depends on the method used in the learning of a foreign language.
The article describes the 25 most effective ways to memorize the words. This is illustrated dictionaries, thematic dictionaries, frequency dictionaries, lexical minimum, lists, associations, routes, lexiland, city card, trainer of polyglots, the words in action cards - applications for smartphones, stickers, metronome zone of personal comfort, recording on tape , root words, phrases, antonyms, synonyms, creating of own specialized dictionaries, mind maps, crosswords, scanwords.

Everyone who studies any foreign language must first of all master the vocabulary of this language, which is necessary for communication in a foreign language. Vocabulary is an essential component of all types of speech activity: listening, speaking, reading and writing.

An analysis of modern methodological literature confirms the relevance of this problem for didactics in general and for the methodology of studying and teaching foreign languages. The importance of mastering active and passive vocabulary should also be emphasized.

Scheme for memorizing foreign words

Vocabulary is a set of words (vocabulary) of a particular language. The words that a person uses in his speech practice, oral and written, constitute his active vocabulary,” says S.Sh. Nuridinova [http://bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=467659].

However, vocabulary acquisition is different for everyone. According to E. Vasilyeva, in children under 12 years old, the memory trace looks like this: IMAGE + WORD (natural method), and after 12 years, the memory trace changes and looks different: CONNECTING IMAGES + WORD (memorization techniques). Therefore, natural methods begin to falter.

The whole process of memorizing a word can be represented by a diagram:

Scheme "The process of memorizing a word"

Memorizing a word is a complex process that goes through 3 stages. In order to 100% memorize a word and be able to use it in oral speech, you need:

Simultaneously imagine the word and pronounce it several times, which gives 60-70% of memorizing the word (word + pronunciation);

Write a word and pronounce it at the same time, which gives another 30-40% of memorizing the word (pronunciation + spelling);

Thus, any words (words of the native language and foreign words) consist of an image, pronunciation and spelling. To “remember the word”, you need to go through all 3 stages clockwise [Vasilyeva, 2008, p. 13].

And now let's see what components foreign words consist of:

The word is a foreign word

Image - translation

Pronunciation - spelling

Writing - foreign word

In a diagram, it would look like this:

The components that a foreign word has:

Translation image;

Pronunciation;

Writing.

An important aspect in this case is “memorizing a foreign word”.

“Memorize a foreign word”, according to Vasilyeva, means:

Know with 100% accuracy all its components: translation, pronunciation, spelling (graphic representation of the word);

Quickly and with 100 percent accuracy, remember, when necessary, any of the three components.

It is this 100% memorization of a foreign word that is possible if the memorization process is carried out sequentially, that is

Stage 1 - the image of the translation + pronunciation (70% memorization of the word);

Stage 2 - pronunciation + spelling of a foreign word (30% memorization of a word);

Stage 3 - writing a foreign word - the image of the translation.

E. Vasilyeva believes that Fluency language learning is possible only when you can remember the foreign word at will at any time. Such extraction of information from memory is called reproduction and is possible only when memorizing clockwise. Starting to memorize from translation, we thereby learn to think in a foreign language [Vasilyeva, 2008, p. 22].

And A. Karalyus believes that a separate area should be created in the brain, which will be responsible for a foreign language. That is, not a branch of our native language, but a separate foreign niche.

Effective Methods for Memorizing Words

This article presents 25 ways to memorize words, from which you can choose the most acceptable and convenient for yourself.

Illustrated dictionaries

Thematic dictionaries

Frequency Dictionaries

Lexical minima

Lists

Associations

Routes

Lexiland

City

Cards

Simulator of all polyglots

Words in action

Stickers

Metronome

Personal comfort zone

Recording on a voice recorder

Root words

Phrases

Opposites

Synonyms

mind maps

Crosswords

Scanwords

Illustrated dictionaries

Especially often they are used when working with children, when children see a picture, and next to it is a word. There are a lot of them for learning English, much less for other languages. But the good thing is that it is the pictures that are important here, and they can just be taken from any illustrated dictionary intended for learning English or any other language. You can just take pictures and translate words. And thus the personal illustrated dictionary will be ready. In such work, the word is attached to the image. This is how children learn any language. But some adults also like this method very much.

Thematic dictionaries

Our brain does not perceive ordinary lists of words, so you should never learn words from a dictionary, and even alphabetically. It is better to use thematic dictionaries. Often thematic dictionaries correspond to lexical minimums.

What it is? Our brain best absorbs information that is divided into some blocks. For example, 100 words is 5 sections of 20 words, or 7-10 sections of 10-15 words. Let's take a topic, say, "Clothes". It will have sections: Women's clothing», « Men's clothing”, “Children's clothing”, “Shoes”, “Accessories”, etc. It is better to compile thematic dictionaries on your own so that they do not include words that you do not need (do not correspond to your language comfort zone). In this case, it is best to make a vocabulary mind map of each topic.

Frequency Dictionaries

They exist in every language. These are the most used words of an average native speaker. Finding a frequency dictionary in English is very simple, as for other languages, you just need to search. And in general, the methodology of teaching foreign languages, some new trends first appear and are worked out on English language. After all, it is now a lingua franca, almost everyone should know it. Only then does everything new from English get into other languages, when specialists begin to deal with it. Frequency dictionaries are associated with lexical minimums.

Lexical minima

This is the easiest and most popular way to learn words. There are many divisions by minima, but, in my opinion, the most understandable method is E.W. Gunnemark. First, the researcher divided the levels into two: the level of oral communication and the level of reading in a foreign language. The level of communication includes:

Base or threshold level: 400-500 words, about 100 set phrases and "speech stamps". It should also be noted that, already starting from mastering 150-200 words and about 25 set phrases, communication can begin.

Mini level: 800-1000 words and 200 set phrases and "speech stamps".

Media level: 1500-2000 words and 300 set phrases and "speech stamps".

For the purposes of reading in a foreign language, the following is allocated:

Mini level: 800-1000 words.

The level of reading "literature in the specialty": 3000-4000 words.

Prose Reading Level: 8000 words [Gunnemark, 2002, p. 19].

These numbers will vary on different systems. In addition, more words are often given in the minima, taking into account the 10-20% error. That is, no matter how we teach, we can’t remember a certain percentage of words. And often those words that are not remembered in any way, we simply do not need. We do not use them in our daily communication. We know them, but we do not use them, they are in our liabilities. That is, they do not belong to our language comfort zone.

Lists

It is better to learn words not individually, but in whole lists. They can be grouped according to absolutely any principle (numbers, synonyms, antonyms, profession names, etc.), but the main thing is the list. Then the memory remains that there are a lot of them and they are remembered faster.

Atkinson Associations

There is a couple: a word in the native language and the same word in a foreign language, which we need to remember. Memorization takes place in several stages:

You need to take a word in your native language and present it. If this is a dog, then remember when you last saw it, where exactly, what it did, what feelings you experienced, etc. If this is a verb, for example, to love, then remember when you experienced this feeling, to whom, etc.

Take a word in a foreign language (for example, in English “love - love”) and write down the transcription: LOVE. Think about what Russian word it looks like. For the word LAVA.

Connect the first representation with the word "lava". It turns out a small video clip "LOVE is like volcanic LAVA."

Repeat a foreign word 3 times: love - love, love, love.

Routes

Many people love to walk. In the park, around the city, shopping... And this hobby can also be combined with learning a foreign language. For example, walking in the park, you can study the trees. These are maple, pine, birch, linden ... Next - flowers. Dandelion, clover, chamomile... You can go to the grocery store. And if you go to the supermarket, then not only the products can be learned, but also many other words. While we go in one direction - we teach, we return back the same way - we repeat. You can go with a regular dictionary or use an electronic dictionary, or you can take a friend who knows the language with you. He will remember it with pleasure, and he will teach you.

Lexiland

It is not always possible to lay real routes. Therefore there is good way draw directions on a piece of paper. For each of the topics, you can make a mind map. Topics are divided into subtopics and subtopics into sections. You need to take a separate sheet of paper and start drawing. Drawing helps a lot, because the two hemispheres are involved - the right and the left. For example, the topic "City", the subtopic "Zoo", the section "Wild Animals". We schematically draw a zoo and plot a route: a cage with an elephant - we draw an elephant, then a monkey - we draw a monkey that makes faces at us. A bear, a fox, a hare... The worse a person draws, the more this method is suitable for. It is not necessary to draw very beautifully, the main thing is that the objects are recognizable. Thus, we are not laying real routes, but drawing our own special Lexiland.

City

To learn a foreign language faster, you can select for this some city that you know well and in which you are well oriented. For example, I need to learn food. Mentally, you can go to a specific store and remember the rows. That is, all food products are mentally located in this store. And when you need to remember bread or milk, you can mentally transport yourself to this store, see the counters and instantly remember the words. If these are buildings, then these buildings will again be in this city.

The "City" method also works well for studying some morphological or grammar groups words. For example, you need to learn articles. IN German of three: der - male, die- female, das - neuter. Then you should take one district of the city and put all the "men" there with the article der. In another area - all "women" with the article die. And in the third - the entire neuter gender with the article das. You can also divide by parts of speech: nouns - in one area, adjectives - in the second, verbs - in the third. Etc.

Cards

To do this, you need leaflet cards that you can buy at any stationery store, or cut yourself. To make the brain more fun to work, you can buy colored cards. But you can get by with plain whites. If there is no box, then it is advisable to buy rubber bands to hold the leaves together.

Next, write words on these cards. On one side we write the word, on the other - the translation. We do not write any transcriptions to get used to writing. If the word is difficult and its pronunciation is very different from the spelling, you can sign problem areas below. But don't transcribe the whole word. Repeat for several days.

Simulator of all polyglots

This is card work. In order to compile a card index, you will need a box with five cells. It is best to buy such a box, but if this is not possible, then you can do without it. You can simply lay out the cards into 5 stacks: the first is one finger thick, the second is two fingers thick, the third is three, the fourth is four and the fifth is five. That is, in the file cabinet we implement a system of five repetitions.

How to work with a card index?

Take a pile of words and first learn the meaning of words from a foreign language into your native language. Then you need to go through the value from native to foreign. If the word is familiar - put it back, unfamiliar - put it in the middle of the pile so that it will soon catch your eye again. And thus all words are viewed. There are always 10 to 20 percent of words that are not remembered. They should be set aside and left in the first cell. Those who are familiar - move to the next. And so on, until all our words go from the first cell to the last. Familiar - move to the next, unfamiliar - leave in the previous one. One word takes about a week of work. But since in this way it is studied and repeated not by one word, but by hundreds at once, then in time it takes about 10-15 minutes a day. Except for the first time, when words are not just looked through, but visualizations are invented for each so that the word is not static, but acquires dynamics.

As an option for this one. Often the goal is to learn the lexical minimum of the language in a week (say, 500 or 1000 words). It is possible, according to the system of five repetitions, to simply run all the words in five cells within five days. But there is another option: write down 100-150 words on cards every day and repeat them for seven days. That is, on the first day, write down and learn 100 words with the help of visualization (spend 2-3 hours on this at first, 1-2 hours when the system becomes clear). On the second day, repeat them (20-30 minutes), plus write down and learn another 100 words (1-2 hours). On the third day, repeat 100 words of the first day (5-10 minutes), 100 words of the second day (10-15 minutes), plus write down and learn another 100 words (1-1.5 hours). And so on. Every day the amount of time for each subsequent repetition decreases and the amount of time when new batches of 100 words of the day cards are being prepared is reduced. Thus, in a week or two, you can master a lexical minimum of 500-1000 words without any problems. The main thing is to learn and repeat them every day for five days (you can repeat them several times in one day to guarantee quality) and not confuse the stacks. You can even sign on each pile: “100 words of the 1st day”, “100 words of the 2nd day”, ... so as not to get confused. And always carry them with you. As soon as a free minute appears - take it and repeat. First from foreign to native, then vice versa. When the words have already been learned, there is no need to burn or throw away the cards, as many advise. They can simply be put aside for a while. And when, for example, after 2 years, that language is again needed for real communication, you can take all these cards (500 or 1000 words) and quickly repeat them within 2-3 hours. It will still be much faster than if you start writing them again.

Words in action

For example, when preparing dinner, you can comment on the ingredients and all actions performed in a foreign language. Or in gym and you can learn the movement. It’s just that many have kinesthetic memory, that is, memory is associated with the actions that we perform.

Cards - an application for a smartphone, etc.

These are programs for telephone devices. The method is good for those who spend a lot of time in public transport or just "play" with the phone. It is recommended to find such cards, download them to your phone and spend time learning.

Stickers

Stick leaflets with words in a foreign language on all the objects that surround us in Everyday life, and you can soon notice that the vocabulary has increased markedly.

Metronome

To implement this method, you will need a list of words in a foreign language (preferably at least 2000, you can take a regular dictionary as a last resort) and a metronome. The metronome can be downloaded from the Internet.

Progress:

Set the metronome to 80 beats per minute (heart rate).

For each beat of the metronome, have time to read the word and its translation (at first it will be very fast, but you can quickly get used to the pace). And familiar words are marked with a dot.

At the next stage, only unmarked words are viewed. And so - until there is a dot next to each word.

Thus, somewhere in 1-2 days you can “run through” the entire dictionary necessary for passive use (reading). Words in this way are remembered at the level of recognition.

Language comfort zone

Each of us has our own language core or our personal language comfort zone. These are the words we use the most. There may be 500, or maybe 1500. It depends on each individual person, on the level of education, field of activity and much more. Let us recall the heroine of the novel by I. Ilf and E. Petrov Ellochka the cannibal, who did not need so many words for normal communication. It's funny, but she had enough. Using words from our personal language comfort zone, we feel comfortable and can express everything that we need in order to be understood at the everyday level.

The main thing is to identify your language comfort zone. And you can do it yourself.

The first option is to identify the language core. If you are a writer (write articles for the press, write letters to friends by e-mail, keep an electronic diary or your blog, write comments on other notes, etc.), then you can simply take and copy all these texts for the last weeks-months (the more, the more accurate the data) into the WordStat program. The program calculates a personal frequency dictionary in your native language. And that's it! It remains to translate this core into a foreign language. The program can be downloaded for free, and the words can be translated using an electronic translator.

Second option revealing a personal zone of linguistic comfort is more painstaking, but more faithful. This is a recording of your voice on a dictaphone. That is, during the day, record everything that you say on the recorder (there are even such programs when the recorder records only when the person speaks, and when the person is silent, the recorder does not record). Then you need to translate the entire record into text and calculate the core of the language through the WordStat program. On the one hand, there is a lot of work, but once you can spend time identifying your personal language comfort zone, so that later all foreign languages ​​“fall” on this core, and any foreign language can be learned quickly and with pleasure.

Recording words on a voice recorder

You need to take a voice recorder and dictate words to it for 30 minutes: first in your native language, and then 5-7 times in a foreign language. For example, to read - read, read, read, read, read ... The next day, listen to dictated words. And so five days.

Root words

These are groups of words with a common root. For example, read - reader - reading room - library card. Replenishment of the dictionary in this way by specialists is assessed as quite effective method, especially for passive use (recognition in texts).

Phrases

We teach not just “square”, but “Red Square”, not “ride”, but “ride a bicycle”. Thus, words are remembered in context, and not one, but two or three at once.

Opposites

Black - white, small - large ...

Synonyms

Beautiful - beautiful - wonderful ...

Creating your own thematic dictionaries

Particularly well suited for compiling professional dictionaries. For example, a doctor needs a dictionary of his professional terminology. You should take and compile a dictionary in your native language, and then simply translate it through a google translator.

mind maps

You should take a sheet of paper at least A4 (preferably A3) and write down the topic in the center. For example, the topic "Shop". Now write subtopics: "Products", "Clothing Store", "Shoe Store", "Stationery", etc. Further, each subtopic can be further subdivided into smaller ones. For example, "Clothes" is "Women's Clothing", "Men's Clothing", "Children's Clothing", "Shoes", "Accessories", etc. If necessary, you can share. And then write the words. For example, "Men's clothing" is a shirt, trousers, jacket, tie, etc.

As a result, 100-200 words of one topic (one mind map or one large topic rarely includes more than 200 words, most often 100-150) are divided into 5-10 subtopics, which are further divided into 2-3 sections of 10-15 words. All! The mind map is ready!

Crosswords

Compiling crossword puzzles helps a lot in learning words. Plus, the meaning of words (for explanation) also matters. Both the word and the meaning are remembered. You can do just translated crossword puzzles: the word is a translation.

Scanwords

Helps and compiling scanwords. And it's much easier than doing crossword puzzles. Suitable even at the initial stages of language learning. You can take, for example, the topic "Family" and make a scanword on it.

Conclusions:

Words are made up of image, pronunciation and spelling. To "remember the word", you need to go through all 3 stages.

1. Gunnemark E.V. The art of learning languages. St. Petersburg: Tessa, 2002, 208 p.
2. Nuridinova S.Sh. Teaching vocabulary as essential component speech activity in a foreign language lesson at initial stage. In: http://bibliofond.ru/view.aspx?id=467659
3. Poloneichik I. Video course "Forced mastery foreign languages", 2010.
4. Karalius A. Kaip efektyviai mokytis užsienio kalbų. 2012, 101 p.

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