Small hydroacoustic station. Hydroacoustic stations with flexible extended towed antennas of the US Navy. See what "Hydroacoustic station" is in other dictionaries

hydroacoustic station- a means of sound detection of underwater objects using acoustic radiation.

According to the principle of operation, hydrolocators are:
Passive- allowing to determine the position of an underwater object by sound signals emitted by the object itself.
Active- using a signal reflected or scattered by an underwater object, radiated towards it by a sonar.

A simplified block diagram of a hydroacoustic station: a - noise direction finder (1 - fixed acoustic system, 2 - compensator, 3 - amplifier, 4 - indicator device); b - sonar (1 - mobile acoustic system, 2 - fairing, 3 - rotary device, 4 - "reception-transmission" switch, 5 - generator, 6 - amplifier, 7 - indicator device)

The acoustic system of a hydroacoustic station is made up of many electro-acoustic transducers (hydrophones for receiving hydrophones, vibrators for receiving hydroacoustic speakers) to create the necessary directional characteristic of reception and radiation. The transducers are located (depending on the type and purpose of the gyroscope) under the bottom of the ship on a turn-and-pull device or in a stationary fairing that is permeable to acoustic vibrations; they are built into the outer skin of the ship, mounted in a container towed by a ship or lowered from a helicopter, and installed on top of the supporting structure on the seabed. The compensator introduces into the alternating currents flowing in the electrical circuits of hydrophones separated from each other, a phase shift equivalent to the difference in the time of arrival of acoustic oscillations to these hydrophones. The numerical values of these shifts show the angle between the axis of the directional characteristic of a fixed acoustic system and the direction to the object. After amplification, electrical signals are fed to an indicator device (telephone or cathode ray tube) to fix the direction to a noisy object. Active G.'s generator with. creates short-term electrical impulse signals, which are then emitted by vibrators in the form of acoustic vibrations.
In the pauses between them, the signals reflected from the objects are received by the same vibrators, which for this time are connected by the “reception-transmission” switch to the amplifier of electrical oscillations. The distance to objects is determined on the indicator device by the delay time of the reflected signal relative to the direct (radiated) signal.

H. s., depending on their type and purpose, operate at frequencies of the infrasonic, sonic and (more often) ultrasonic ranges (from tens of Hz to hundreds of kHz), radiate power from tens of watts (with continuous generation) to hundreds of kW (in a pulse), have direction finding accuracy from units to fractions of a degree, depending on the direction finding method (maximum, phase, amplitude-phase), the sharpness of the directivity characteristic due to the frequency and size of the acoustic systems, and the method indications. Range of G.'s action with. lies in the range from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers or more and mainly depends on the parameters of the station, reflecting the properties of the object (target strength) or the level of its noise radiation, as well as on the physical phenomena of the propagation of sound vibrations in water (refraction and reverberation) and on the level of interference with the operation of the hydroelectric system created by the movement of its own ship.

G. s. They are installed on submarines, military surface ships (Fig. 2), helicopters, and on coastal facilities for solving problems of anti-submarine defense, searching for the enemy, communicating submarines with each other and with surface ships, generating data for launching missile torpedoes and torpedoes, navigation safety, etc. They are used for navigation purposes, search for fish concentrations, oceanographic and hydrological work, communications with divers, and other purposes.

HYDRO-ACOUSTIC STATION

station, a set of schematically and structurally related acoustic, electrical and electronic devices and devices, with the help of which the reception or emission or reception and emission of acoustic vibrations in water is performed.

Distinguish G. with. only receiving acoustic energy (passive action) and receiving and emitting (active action). G. s. passive action [noise direction finder (Fig. 1, a), G. s. reconnaissance, sound-measuring station, etc.] are used to detect and determine the direction (bearing) to a noisy object (a moving ship, active homing station, etc.) from the acoustic signals (noise) generated by the object, as well as to listen, analyze and classify the received signals. Passive G. with. have a secrecy of action: their work cannot be detected. G. s. active action [sonar (Fig. 1, b), fish finder, echo sounder, etc.] is used to detect, determine the direction and distance to an object completely or partially submerged in water (submarine, surface ship, iceberg, school of fish, seabed, etc.). This is achieved by sending short-term acoustic impulse signals in a certain or in all directions and receiving (during a pause between sending them) after reflection from the object. Active G. with. capable of detecting both noisy and non-noisy objects, moving and stationary, but can be detected and direction-finding by radiation, which is some of their disadvantage. To active G. of page. also include underwater sound communication stations, hydroacoustic beacons, hydroacoustic logs, echometers, and other acoustic stations and instruments. For more information on direction finding and positioning methods, see Art. Hydroacoustics and Hydrolocation.

The main parts of passive G. with. are: acoustic system (antenna), compensator, amplifier, indicator device. An active G. s., in addition, also has a generator and a switching device, or a "reception - transmission" switch.

Acoustic system H. with. It is made up of many electro-acoustic transducers (hydrophones - for receiving HSs, vibrators - for receiving HSs) to create the necessary directional characteristic of reception and radiation. The transducers are located (depending on the type and purpose of the gyroscope) under the bottom of the ship on a turn-and-pull device or in a stationary fairing that is permeable to acoustic vibrations; they are built into the outer skin of the ship, mounted in a container towed by a ship or lowered from a helicopter, and installed on top of the supporting structure on the seabed. The compensator introduces into the alternating currents flowing in the electrical circuits of hydrophones separated from each other, a phase shift equivalent to the difference in the time of arrival of acoustic oscillations to these hydrophones. The numerical values of these shifts show the angle between the axis of the directional characteristic of a fixed acoustic system and the direction to the object. After amplification, electrical signals are fed to an indicator device (telephone or cathode ray tube) to fix the direction to a noisy object. Active G.'s generator with. creates short-term electrical impulse signals, which are then emitted by vibrators in the form of acoustic vibrations. In the pauses between them, the signals reflected from the objects are received by the same vibrators, which for this time are connected by the "reception-transmission" switch to the amplifier of electrical oscillations. The distance to objects is determined on the indicator device by the delay time of the reflected signal relative to the direct (radiated) one.

H. s., depending on their type and purpose, operate at frequencies of the infrasonic, sonic and (more often) ultrasonic ranges (from tens of Hz to hundreds of kHz), radiate power from tens of watts (with continuous generation) to hundreds of kW (in a pulse), have direction finding accuracy from units to fractions of a degree, depending on the direction finding method (maximum, phase, amplitude-phase), the sharpness of the directivity characteristic due to the frequency and size of the acoustic systems, and the method indications. Range of G.'s action with. lies in the range from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers or more and mainly depends on the parameters of the station, reflecting the properties of the object (the strength of the target) or the level of its noise radiation, as well as on the physical phenomena of the propagation of sound vibrations in water (refraction and reverberation) and on the level of interference with the operation of the hydrodynamic system created by the movement of its own ship.

Lit .: Karlov L. B., Shoshkov E. N., Hydroacoustics in military affairs, M., 1963; Prostakov A. L., Hydroacoustics in foreign fleets, L., 1964; his, Hydroacoustics and ship, L., 1967; Krasnov V.N., Location from a submarine, M., 1968; Horton J., Fundamentals of sonar, trans. from English, L., 1961.

S. A. Barchenkov.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB. 2012

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1. The detection range of a submarine of medium displacement at a search speed of 20 knots and under non-limiting hydroacoustic conditions is up to 25 - 40 km.

2. Median errors in determining coordinates:

Heading angle - no more than 0.5°;

By distance - no more than 0.8% of the nominal value of the scale.

3. The station provides an overview of the water space on the horizon within the heading angles from 0 to 150 ° starboard and port sides. Simultaneous viewing in the vertical plane is due to the directivity characteristic in this plane (4°), to expand the viewing angle in the vertical plane, it is possible to tilt the acoustic antenna up to 60° down and up to 10° up.

4. The size of the dead zone at a distance of 1.5 - 2 km.

a) in the detection mode - about 4 ° when emitting and receiving in the horizontal and vertical planes;

b) in escort mode:

At frequency f 1 - about 4 °;

At a frequency f 2 - about 6 ° for radiation and reception in the horizontal and vertical planes.

6. The electrical power supplied to the acoustic antenna is at least 200 kVA.

7. Station instruments are designed for normal operation under the following conditions:

Ambient temperature from 0 to +45°;

Rolling with an amplitude of 10° and a period of 8 s, pitching with an amplitude of 5° and a period of 5 s.

Station composition. The station includes the following main instruments and devices:

An acoustic antenna with a swivel-tilt device (device 1), which is a flat mirror measuring 4 m by 4 m with cylindrical piezoceramic transducers mounted on it (18 vertical transducers, each with 8 transducers);

Generator device (devices 2, 2A, 22);

The control and monitoring panel (device 4), in which the blocks for indicating, controlling and monitoring the operation of the station are concentrated;

Preamplifier and delay circuits (device 8);

Transmission and reception switches (device 13);

Doppler effect compensation device (device 17);

Rectifiers (devices 20, 20A);

Power boards (devices 21, 21A);

Radiation path control device (device 24A);

Acoustic beam trajectory builder (device 25).

2. External communications of the GAS and work according to the block diagram.

External Relations. To ensure long-term tracking of the submarine, the station has communication with the following ship instruments and systems: log, gyrocompass, central stabilization system, MG-325 station, Sprut system, MVU-200 and 201.

Principle of operation. Consider the principle of operation of the station according to the block diagram shown in Fig.1.

The station has the following operating modes:

Detection, in which the search for targets is carried out in steps of 30 ° in the field of view of ± 150 ° with the issuance of target designation to the tracking path;

Detection - tracking, which allows, when tracking a target along the course angle on the indicator IE2 of the tracking path, to simultaneously view the 30 ° sector on the detection indicator IE1;

Accompanying, in which the exact coordinates of the target are generated - heading angle and distance;

Listening to target noise in a wide frequency band.

In the detection mode, acoustic energy is emitted almost simultaneously in the 30° sector. In this case (during radiation) nine directional characteristics are formed, 4° each; upon reception, the indicated sector is covered by eight directional characteristics. The acoustic antenna is connected to the equipment of the emission and reception paths by means of a reception-transmission switch.

In the receiving path, each of the 18 bands of the acoustic antenna is connected to its own pre-amplifier through a receive-transmit switch. The outputs of the preamplifiers are connected to the devices of the receiving path, which ensure the operation of the station in the modes of detection, tracking and listening.

After the target is detected, a rough determination of the direction to the target, the distance to it, and the issuance of target designation to the tracking path are made.

In the detection-tracking mode, target tracking is carried out by the central directional characteristic, and detection within the 30 ° sector is symmetrical with respect to the direction to the tracked target.

In the tracking mode, the target coordinates are refined, semi-automatic tracking of the target along the heading angle and distance, as well as data transfer to the PSTB, MVU-200, 201 system. In the listening mode, targets are detected by the noise they create. Listening can be conducted in a sector of ±150°.

Within the search sector, the acoustic antenna can be moved by a channel step of 30° using an automatic step search or manually. When listening, the antenna is rotated manually or by a semi-automatic system.

Indication of received signals is carried out:

In the detection mode - on the IE-1 indicator, made on a cathode-ray tube with a "B" scan and a signal brightness mark when using a multi-channel display system, and with an amplitude one - on a loudspeaker and tape recorder;

In tracking mode - on the electronic indicator IE-2 (bearing deviation indicator), made on a two-beam electronic tube with a linear sweep, and a distance recorder, by recording an echo signal on electromechanical paper;

In listening mode - on the loudspeaker and phones.

1. Hydroacoustic station with lowered antenna MG-329.

An example of a hydroacoustic station with a lowered acoustic antenna is the MG-329 station. The station is intended for arming anti-submarine ships, ships and special-purpose ships and allows detecting submarines and determining their coordinates (bearing and distance). The search and detection of submarines are carried out only at the foot of the ship.

In the hydroacoustic cabin - a pulse generator, an amplifier, a control and monitoring device, a power device and a depth indicator;

On the upper deck there is a lowering device in a special cassette in the immediate vicinity of the winch and crane beam. The lowered device consists of two compartments: flooded and sealed. The flooded compartment houses a barium titanate reflector antenna and a preamplifier. The sealed compartment houses the antenna rotation drive, heading sensor and depth sensor.

The station provides four modes of operation: noise direction finding (SHP), manual tracking (RS), distance determination (OD), active step-by-step search (AP).

The station provides:

Target detection during a circular view of space in the SHP mode;

Determination of the bearing to the target;

Measuring the distance to the target;

Automatic step-by-step survey of the water area.

The performance data of the station MG-329:

The detection range of a submarine maneuvering at a speed of 8 knots at a depth of 50 m under favorable hydroacoustic conditions in the SHP mode is 50 cabs, in the AP and OD modes - 33 cabs;

The median error in determining the distance is 3% of the scale;

The station can operate with a sea state of 3 - 4 points with a ship drift of no more than 1.5 knots;

The maximum depth of immersion of the acoustic antenna is 50 m;

The time of immersion (ascent) of the acoustic antenna to the maximum depth is 70 s;

The time of a single survey of the water area, taking into account the lowering and raising of the acoustic antenna: in the SH mode - 3 min, in the AP mode - 6.5 min, in both modes - 7 min;

The station is ready for operation in 3 minutes after switching on;

The duration of continuous operation is not more than 4 hours;

The station operates on two frequency standards; the bandwidth of the receiving path:

in SHP mode - 2500 Hz,

in AP and OD modes - 60 Hz;

The rotation speed of the acoustic antenna in the SHP mode is 4 rpm;

Step of view when working out a stepper machine 15 °;

Width of the directivity characteristic in all planes 20°;

The station is powered by a three-phase alternating voltage of 220 V, 400 Hz and a constant voltage of 27 V;

Power consumption from the AC network 400 VA, from the DC network - 200 kW;

The power consumed by the winch from the DC network is 2 kW.

Median bearing error 5°;

The functional diagram of the station is shown in Fig. 1

In the SHP mode, direction finding is carried out according to the maximum method. When the switch for the type of work “ShP-RS-AP” of the control and monitoring device is set to the “ShP” position, power is supplied to the excitation winding of the EM-1M motor of the control unit. Since the EM-1M engine continuously turns the S-3V selsyn rotor at a speed of 4 rpm, the antenna rotates at the same speed.

An inductive sensor, rigidly fixed on the body of the lowered device, produces a three-phase voltage, depending on the angle of rotation of the body relative to the magnetic meridian.

In the differential selsyn, the rotation angles of the descending device relative to the magnetic meridian and the acoustic antenna relative to the body are summed. As a result, an error signal is generated that determines the angular position of the acoustic antenna relative to the magnetic meridian. The arrow pointer of the modulator block of the control and monitoring device fixes this angle, equal to the bearing to the target.

Since the rotor of the VTM-1V sine-cosine transformer rotates synchronously with the acoustic antenna, voltages are induced on its stator windings, which change according to the law of sine and cosine of the angle of rotation of the antenna relative to the meridian. After detection, the sine and cosine components are applied to the plates of the cathode ray tube, determining the position of the beam on the screen. With continuous rotation of the acoustic antenna in the WB mode, the beam on the indicator screen describes a ring.

Thus, data on the position of the axis of the antenna directivity characteristic relative to the magnetic meridian can be determined from the indicator screen and the arrow pointer of the control and monitoring device.

The noise received by the acoustic antenna is converted into electrical voltage. This voltage is fed to the input of the pre-amplifier through the “Receive-transmit” switch. From the output of the amplifier, the signal is fed through a cable cable to the input of the amplifier. After amplification, the signal voltage is fed to the frequency converter, which consists of a mixer, a local oscillator and a low-pass filter. At the output of the converter, an audio frequency voltage is generated, which is supplied to the head phones and to the backlight amplifier, and from it to the backlight tube modulator. In addition, this signal is fed to the base detector of the amplifier. The load of the base detector is the control winding of the magnetic modulator of the modulator unit.

The working windings of the magnetic modulator are connected to a 200 V, 400 Hz circuit in series with the rotor windings of the rotating transformers VTM - 1V of the control unit and the transformer rotation mechanism and the primary winding of the reference voltage transformer. When a target signal is received at the input of the base detector, the direct current flowing through the control winding of the magnetic modulator changes. This leads to a redistribution of the supply voltage between the working magnetic modulator and the rotor windings of the rotating transformers VTM - 1V, as a result of which the voltage also changes on the stator windings VTM - 1V, which leads to a radial deflection of the beam on the CRT screen.

Thus, at the moment of passing the directional characteristic of the acoustic antenna along the target, an amplitude mark is observed on the annular sweep of the CRT, the intensity of the glow of which is slightly higher than the intensity of the glow of the scan.

In the PC mode, the supply voltage is removed from the motor control winding EM - 1M, and the motor stops. Rotation of the acoustic antenna is carried out using the handwheel for manual tracking. Otherwise, the station operates in the same way as in the SHP mode.

To eliminate the influence of random turns of the acoustic antenna in the station, stabilization of the antenna position was introduced in all operating modes.

The station is transferred to the OD mode from the PC mode by pressing the start button in the control and monitoring device. When the start button is pressed, relay P2 is activated.

After 0.15 s after the relay P2 has been activated, the cam mechanism opens the blocking contacts of the trigger pulse formation circuit. The trigger pulse generation circuit generates a pulse that starts the pulse generator. From the output of the pulse generator through the switch “Reception - transmission”, the video pulse enters the acoustic antenna, is converted into an acoustic pulse and radiated. 0.2 s after the pulse is emitted, the cam mechanism opens the switching contacts of relay P3. The relay de-energizes and removes the AC voltage from the blanking circuit, and a sweep begins on the CRT screen. The time delay is necessary to eliminate the non-linear section of the sweep caused by the inertia of the motor. Thus, the synchronism of the beginning of radiation and the beginning of the sweep is ensured. In addition, the voltage is removed from the storage device, and the “Receive-transmit” switch switches the station to receive.

In the presence of a reflected signal, the passage along the receiving path and its indication on the CRT screen and in telephones occur in the same way as in the SHP mode.

After 8.8 s, which corresponds to the full duration of the sweep on the screen, i.e. the time of signal passage to the target located at the maximum range, and back, the cam mechanism closes the switching contacts of the relay P3. Due to this, the start button is unlocked, the amplifier output is connected to the backlight amplifier, the alternating voltage is removed from the damping circuit and the motor supply voltage. The brake circuit applies braking voltage to the motor and the motor stops. Since the blanking circuit is not working, a sweep appears on the tube screen. The amplifier's filter switching relay disables the 600 Hz filter. The relay operating mode switch P1 again connects the stator windings of the rotating transformer VTM - 1V to the step-up transformers. the station automatically switches to PC mode. If you want to measure the distance to the target again, then you need to press the start button.

2. Hydroacoustic station with towed antenna MG-325.

An example of a sonar station with a towed acoustic antenna is the station MG - 325, designed to search, detect and determine the coordinates of submarines under adverse hydrological conditions, when the use of sonars with acoustic acoustic antennas to detect submarines is difficult. Ships pr. 159, 1123, 1134B, 1135 are armed with the station.

The station equipment on the ship is located:

In the hydroacoustic cabin - an indicator device and a launch device;

In the hydroacoustic department - a generator, a generator power supply device, a pulse

polarizer and accumulators;

On the upper deck - a winch, lifting - lowering and towed devices.

The towed device has 2 compartments: a hermetic one, in which an amplifying device, a matching device and a leakage sensor are placed, and a flooded one, in which an acoustic antenna is placed, consisting of a radiating and receiving parts, and a transducer designed to emit and receive acoustic vibrations during the control check of the station operation.

The station operates in active mode and provides:

Search and detection of submarines;

Determining the distance to the target and heading angle (bearing) to the target;

Issuance of coordinates (distance and heading angle) of the target to the sonar station for accurate determination of coordinates and fire control devices.

Tactical - technical data station MG - 325:

The detection range of a submarine at a ship speed of 25 knots in an underwater sound channel is 4-7 km;

Median direction-finding error relative to towed device 3°;

Median distance error: 1.5% on the 7.5 km scale and 2% on the 3.75 km scale.

The working sector of the review of the water area is 250° along the course of the towed device;

The setting and hauling of the towed device is possible when the sea is not more than 3 - 4 points;

The towing depth can vary within 15 - 100 m;

Accuracy of the towed device at a steady towing speed: according to

roll ± 3 °, depth ± 2 m;

The station operates on one of 3 frequency standards;

Electric power supplied to the radiating part of the antenna, not less than 100 kW;

The duration of the emitted pulses is 25 and 5 ms;

The solution of the directional characteristic of the acoustic antenna at the level of 0.7 for the radiating part in the vertical plane is 14°, in the horizontal - 270°, for the receiving part in both planes - 14°;

The station equipment is designed to operate at an ambient temperature of -10 to +50°C under vibration conditions in the frequency range of 5–35 Hz with an acceleration of 1g for equipment located on a ship, and in the range of 15–20 Hz with an acceleration of 2g for equipment located on a towed device;

Power supply of the station from the network of three-phase current 220 V, 50 Hz;

Power consumption 6.5 kVA;

The mass of the station is 5300 kg.

A simplified functional diagram of the station is shown in Fig.4. The station operates in echo direction finding mode. The pulses from the generator through the current collector of the winch, the cable-rope and the matching device arrive at the radiating part of the acoustic antenna, in which they are converted into acoustic vibrations. At the same time, a sweep is launched along the distance of the sector view indicator, which is designed for visual observation of targets in rectangular coordinates (distance - heading angle). The signal is emitted in a sector of 250° along the course of the towed device. After radiation, the station automatically switches to receive mode.

The acoustic signals reflected from the underwater object are perceived by the receiving part of the acoustic antenna, in which they are converted into acoustic signals, and then fed to 26 preamplifiers according to the number of antenna receivers. After amplification, the signals arrive at the compensator, which forms 20 spatial receiving directional characteristics (20 channels). Thus, directional reception is carried out in the 250° sector. From the output of the compensator, the signals are fed to 20 main amplifiers according to the number of channels, where the working frequency of the signal is converted into an intermediate one and its further amplification takes place. The outputs of the main amplifiers are connected to the inputs of the sector and step view switches.

The sector view electronic commutator alternately connects the outputs of the main amplifiers to the sector view indicator. The switching cycle occurs synchronously with the heading sweep. Due to this, a two-coordinate horizontal scan distance - heading angle is formed on the screen of the sector view indicator.

Sector view is used when searching for submarines. Echo-signal is recorded on the screen of the sector view indicator in the form of a brightness mark, where the distance and heading angle are determined by its position. Heading angle (bearing) to the target is determined relative to the towed device by counting the angle in the horizontal plane between the direction of arrival of the echo-signal and the diametrical plane of the towed device (true meridian).

When an underwater target is detected, the operator, using the channel switch, connects the channel in which the signal is detected to the stepper view indicator. Channel switching in this case is carried out by a step-by-step switch having frequency control of channels. On the screen of the stepper view indicator, a range scan is formed synchronously with the pulse emission. At the moment of arrival of the reflected signal, an amplitude mark is observed. This is how the distance in the selected channel (direction) is determined using the step view indicator.

The sector view indicator is used to track the target.

The walk path includes the auditory path, which allows you to listen to the echo signal in telephones and loudspeakers. The connection of the auditory tract to the channel selected by the operator is carried out simultaneously with the connection of the stepper view indicator by the channel switch.

Fig.2. Structural diagram of the GAS MG-325.

1. Purpose, tasks to be solved, composition of the station, placement of the MG-7 sonar.

2. Modes of operation, principle of operation, performance characteristics of GAS MG-7.

Literature:

1. Technical description of GAS MG-7.

2. Form GAS MG-7.

3. Operating instructions for GAS MG-7.

I. Purpose, tasks, composition of the station, location.

1. Shipborne sonar station MG-7 is installed on surface ships and is designed to solve the following tasks:

Detection of underwater sabotage forces and means (PDSS);

Determining the coordinates of the detected targets (distance, heading angle).

2. GAS MG-7 is used when ships are anchored or barreled at maneuverable bases and in unprotected roadsteads.

3. The hydroacoustic station MG-7 includes the following devices:

Device 1 - hydroacoustic antenna;

Device 2 - probe pulse generator;

Device 4 - main electronic indicator

Device 5 - power supply;

Device 6 - remote electronic indicator;

Device 13 is a multichannel preamplifier with an electronic switch.

The purpose of the GAS MG-7 devices and their placement are given in Table. 1.

II. Mode of operation, principle of operation, performance characteristics of the station.

4. The station is used in the following modes;

I - full power mode;

II - low power mode (25% of the total radiation power);

III - the mode of target imitation and watchkeeping control by the operator.

Table 1 PURPOSE AND PLACEMENT OF DEVICES GAS MG-7

Name Purpose of the device Installation location

Appliance 1 Electrical Signal Conversion - Upper Deck

in hydroacoustic radiation; sonar - ship in protective

tic to electrical, their amplification and de-enclosure

tektirovanie at reception; formation of one

receiving characteristics

Device 2 Formation and generation of electro- Hydroacoustic

ric pulses of the required length - cutting

shapes and forms at the operating frequency of the station

Device 4 Amplification and indication of echo signals from Hydroacoustic

targets on the PPI screen, determination of the current

target coordinates, mode control

Mami work, work control

the accuracy of the station instruments.

Device 5 Formation and stabilization of voltage Hydroacoustic

zhenii power supply devices station cabin

Device 6 Indication of echo signals from the target on the BIP

PICO screen. Formation of electrical

echo signals

from one or two targets, control

operating modes of the simulation unit,

synchronization of two GAS MG-7 with one

temporary work on a ship

Device 13 Amplification of reflected hydroacoustic

signals, electronic polling

receiver channels and their serial

connection to ICO

5. Principle of operation

The operation of the station is based on the principle of pulsed target sonar.

The control unit BU-2 generates rectangular pulses with a duration of t=0.5ms with a repetition period of Tsl =533ms, which are fed to the probing pulse generator that generates pulses with a duration of t=0.5ms with high-frequency filling. From the generator output, these pulses are fed to a hydroacoustic emitter (I) with non-directional radiation in the horizontal plane and narrowly directed in the vertical at a level of 0.7 (Figure 1). The signals reflected from the target, depending on the direction, arrive at the corresponding hydroacoustic receivers (HAP), which form a statistical fan of the receiving antenna directivity characteristics intersecting at a level of 0.5 (Fig. 2), are converted into electrical signals, amplified by a high-frequency amplifier with automatic gain control (UHF with AGC) and are detected by an amplitude detector (D). Thus, a low-frequency envelope of the signal is allocated at the output of the working channels, i.e. video signal. The signals from the outputs of 32 channels are fed to an electronic switch, which performs a serial poll of the channels with a polling frequency of f=1920 Hz. During the duration of the reflected signal, each channel is polled by the switch once. To synchronize the CRT beam sweep with channel polling, a polling frequency of 1920 Hz comes from the electronic switch to the control unit (BU-2), which controls the operation of the scanner unit (BR). For the same purpose, the 1920 Hz signal enters through the synchronization unit (BS) of the remote indicator into the IE unit of this indicator.

The scanner generates a three-phase sinusoidal voltage with an amplitude that varies according to the sawtooth law (Figure 3), which produces a helical scan of the beam with a cathode ray tube (CRT).

To sweep the CRT beam, a polling frequency of 1920 Hz is used, which ensures that the position of the electron beam on the CRT screen matches the polling of a specific channel. So, for example, with each poll of the first channel, the electron beam is always in sector 1 (Fig. 2), with a poll of the second channel - in sector 2, etc. If the input of the channel receives a pulse reflected from the target that exceeds the noise level, then when polling this channel at the output of the electronic switch connected to the input of the amplitude selector (SA), the voltage will exceed the set threshold and the SA unit will output a standard amplitude pulse to the input of the final video amplifier (VUO).

Amplified by the video amplifier, this pulse is fed to the CRT modulator and illuminates the screen in the place where the electron beam is located at the moment the signal arrives (Figure 4).

Since the hydroacoustic system is oriented relative to the ship, and the sending of probing pulses is synchronized with the beginning of the CRT beam sweep, the location of the brightness mark on the screen determines the coordinates of the target relative to the ship in terms of distance and heading angle.

Considering that the level of reverberation interference and signals at the beginning of the cycle is very high and gradually decreases, and the high-frequency amplifier (UHF with AGC) is not able to completely equalize the signal level over the distance. The switch block automatically adjusts the level quantization (lower limit threshold) by groups (8 channels in each) of channels, and the amplitude selector threshold has an additional temporary automatic adjustment (VAGC), which ensures a gradual decrease in the threshold from the beginning of the cycle to the end. The TVG control signals come from the BU-2 block synchronously with the signals for the beginning of the sweep and sending probing pulses. From the amplitude selector, the signals simultaneously enter the IE block of the remote indicator (device 6), the operation of which is synchronized by the BU-2 block of the device 4 using synchronization blocks (BS) in the devices 4 and 6, due to which the signals entering the main indicator are duplicated on the screen of the remote indicator.

The shaper of the electronic sight (FEV), located in the electronic pickup unit (SE) of the device 4, controlled by the block BU-2, generates a pulse with a filling frequency of 1920 Hz, fed to the VUO and then to the CRT, forming an electronic sight on the screen (see Fig. 5).

The value of the electronic sight is proportional to the duration of this pulse and is changed by a precision potentiometer (PT), the scale of which is graduated in distance units. The direction of the electronic sight is set by changing the phase of the filling voltage by a phase shifter (PV), the scale of which is graduated in heading angles.

Thus, by changing the position of the phase shifter and the precision potentiometer, it is possible to set the end of the line of the electronic sight to any point on the screen, and to determine the coordinates of this point using the corresponding scales (of the SE unit). From the SE unit, the signal that forms the electronic sight is transmitted in parallel to the IE unit of the remote indicator, where it acts as an indicator of the location of the target detected by the operator. The target coordinates on the remote indicator are determined by the scale printed on the screen.

The simulation block (BI) in the device 6 generates pulses with a duration of 20-50 μs with an adjustable repetition rate equal to . Entering the IE units of devices 4 and 6, the pulses illuminate the screen (brightness mark), similar to the mark from the target.

The difference between the sweep period (Traz.) and the repetition period of the simulating - (Timp.) gives a change in the position of the brightness mark along the radius (distance).

Changing the phase of this signal with a phase shifter makes it possible to move the brightness mark imitating the target to any sector of the screen.

When two stations (fore and aft) are installed on one ship and the need for their simultaneous operation, the synchronization blocks of the instruments 6 of these stations are interconnected, which achieves synchronization of sending probing pulses and reducing the interfering effect of probing pulses and reverberation of one station to another.

6. Station map contains elements of built-in control and signaling, allowing you to control the performance of devices 1, 2, 5.

If device 1 is leaking or one of the power supplies of device 5 fails, the signal lamps DEVICE TROUBLE 1.5, located on the front panel of device 4, light up, and an audible alarm is activated.

In the event of a decrease in the radiation power, the radiation control unit of device 2 generates a signal that enters device 4. In this case, the signal lamp TROUBLE OF DEVICE 2 lights up on the front panel of device 4 and an audible alarm is activated.

7. Monitoring the health of receiving channels is made by the presence at the end of the sweep of the brightness control marks in the "300-400 m" position of the RANGES switch.

With a decrease in the gain or failure of one or more high-frequency amplifiers (UHF), there are no corresponding control marks on the screen of the cathode-ray tube of the main indicator (device 4).

8. Simultaneous operation of two MG-7 GAS is ensured on one ship with the spacing of hydroacoustic antennas by 70-150 m.

Simultaneous operation of the GAS MG-7 with other stations and systems is not provided.

9. The main tactical characteristics of the GAS MG-7 are shown in Table. 2.

10. The main technical characteristics of the GAS MG-7 are given in Table. 3.

11. Combat crew GAS MG-7 - non-standard. Personnel of the RTS who have studied its structure and passed tests for admission to independent watchkeeping at the station are allowed to service and keep a watch on the GAS MG-7.

table 2

MAIN TACTICAL CHARACTERISTICS GUS MG-7

Characteristics Numerical

meaning

Average detection range of PDSS, m:

Midget Submarine 200

Underwater vehicles 150

Underwater saboteur 120

Field of view in the horizontal plane, (°) 360

Depth of viewed circular zone 20

RMS determination error

target coordinates:

By distance, % scale 3

Heading angle, ° 3

Resolution:

By distance, m 10

Heading angle, ° 15

Working depth of device installation 1, m 10

Time to bring the station on alert (min) 25

Time of continuous operation, h 24

Note. Average detection range of PDSS with the probability of correct detection 0.9; sea state not more than 3 points; sea depth not less than 20 m; the reduced level of noise interference is not more than 0.02 Pa.

Table 3. MAIN TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS MG-7

Characteristics Numerical

meaning

Probing pulse duration, ms 0.5

Structure of the probe pulse Rectangular

with high frequency

filling

Hydroacoustic directivity characteristic

tic antenna, °:

a) radiation mode:

Horizontal 360

Vertical 3

b) receive mode:

In the horizontal plane 32 XH by 12

Vertical 12

Range scales, m 0-100

Power consumption from mains 220/380 V 50 Hz (W) 800

Operating time of the station before the average repair, h 5000

Conditions for normal operation:

Ambient temperature, °С 0-40

Relative humidity at up to 98

temperature 20-25 °С, %

Sea waves, points up to 3

To combat enemy submarines, the United States, together with NATO allies and Japan, created an in-depth anti-submarine surveillance system in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It includes a variety of forces and means, including stationary, ship and aviation sonar. All of them are designed to detect enemy submarines and issue target designation on them. Their action is based on the use of the main unmasking feature of submarines - the noise of propellers and mechanisms.

The noise of propellers is observed in a fairly wide range, and of mechanisms - in a very narrow one, in the form of separate discrete frequencies. Spectral analysis of noise allows not only to determine the location of an underwater target and the elements of its movement, but also quite accurately identify it and identify its nationality. With an increase in the speed of the boat, the intensity of its constituent noises increases in the entire frequency range. However, the radiation maximum falls on the low-frequency region: the highest intensity of the radiation level of underwater targets and the minimum of losses during their propagation. An analysis of the ratio of these parameters gave impetus to the development of hydroacoustic stations operating in the low-frequency range (10-300 Hz).

The adoption by the navies of many countries of the world of modern highly effective anti-submarine weapons controlled by combat information systems based on the latest computer technology has led to the fact that submarine sonar systems must operate in a passive mode most of the time. In addition, passive stations can detect a target at a distance exceeding the distance of its use of weapons. So, there was an urgent need to improve the accuracy of noise direction finding of passive GAS, sufficient to generate firing data, as well as to solve the problem of listening to the stern heading angles of a surface ship or submarine located in the sonar shadow area. It became possible to implement these requirements through the use of low-frequency sonar systems with towed antennas in hydroacoustic systems.

The detection range of submarines depends on the following characteristics of passive GAS: antenna directivity index (spatial selectivity depends on it); the level of own interference; detection threshold (recognition differential) determined for a given probability of target detection and false alarm recognition.

The antenna directivity is affected by the characteristics of hydrophones, their number and relative position. Therefore, receiving antennas of great length, operating in the low-frequency range, flexible extended towed antennas (GPBA) are used. Structurally, the GPBA is a system consisting of interconnected acoustic modules containing hydrophones and electronic circuits for signal preprocessing (Fig. 2). The sensitivity of hydrophones is largely determined by the material from which they are made. Modern systems use piezoelectric ceramics and piezopolymers. At both ends of the hydrophone section of the antenna, there are special vibration-absorbing modules, which allows you to significantly increase the speed of towing without compromising the quality of work.

Each hydrophone is connected to a cable-rope, through which the signals are transmitted through the pre-processing circuits to the ship, where they undergo final processing in the on-board equipment or are transmitted to the coastal information processing center.

Graphically, the directivity characteristic of the GPBA can be represented as a body having the shape of a three-dimensional ring with additional cones attached to it, formed by the side lobes of the directivity characteristic. The three-dimensional directivity characteristic of a round flat antenna has a simpler form - a projector beam, which has rotational symmetry about the normal to the plane and is surrounded by side lobes (Fig. 3),

Comparing the graphical and analytical expressions of the directivity of the GPBA and a flat antenna, we can conclude that with an increase in length, the directional characteristic of extended antennas significantly improves in comparison with flat antennas, since the characteristics of the latter are more limited by their size. The spatial orientation of the directivity characteristic of an extended antenna can be controlled either by its mechanical rotation, or by connecting in series or in parallel with each element of the acoustic antenna the corresponding phasing circuits, which provide rotation of the axis of maximum sensitivity in a given direction. Since the 80s, the method of digital beamforming has been effectively introduced into the GAS.

In the detection of submarines, means with GPBA have become of particular importance, since the use of antennas hundreds of meters long made it possible to shift their operating range to the region of low sound and infrasonic frequencies. In addition, the diversity in space of the antenna and the carrier ship due to the use of long tugs reduces the effect of the ship's own noise on the performance of the sonar.

The disadvantages of GPBA include the inability to directly measure the distance to the target (for this, they resort to the triangulation method). The position of the antenna in space relative to the hull of the ship is constantly changing. It can deviate from the diametrical plane of the ship due to the length of the flexible cable-rope, arbitrarily change the depth due to the uneven movement of the carrier and the density of water, vibrate due to local perturbations of the aquatic environment, rotate around its own axis due to the twisting of the towing cable (Fig. 4). This affects the accuracy of direction finding.

The creation of the first models of systems with GPBA began in the USA in 1963, and in 1966 sea tests of the TASS (Towed Array Sonar System) system with an antenna about 100 m long and 7.5 cm in diameter were carried out. surface ships (TACTASS - Tactical Towed Array Sonar System).

To ensure efficient operation in passive mode, the STASS program developed an extended towed TV-16 system. It is intended for the AN / BQQ-5, which over the past years has remained the main means of sonar detection of Los Angeles-class submarines and Ohio SSBNs in the US Navy. Structurally, the TV-16 antenna is a linear system with a diameter of 82.5 mm, consisting of hydrophones enclosed in a polymer shell. In order to reduce flow noise and reduce drag, the antenna is pointed at both ends.

GAK AN / BQQ-6 is basically a modified version of the GAK AN / BQQ-5. The schemes for placing antenna devices in the complexes are similar (spherical bow, airborne, conformal bow and GPBA). The AN / BQQ-6 SJSC also includes an infrasound direction-finding station. Initially, the TV-16 antenna was attached directly to the towing device of submarines. Subsequently, it was placed in a casing, which was attached from the outside to the hull of the boat. The antenna is also equipped with a device for disconnecting it from the submarine in case of emergency. When towing the GPBA, the speed of the boat drops by about 0.5 knots. The length of the towing cable is 800 m for AN/BQQ-5 and 720 m for AN/BQQ-6. The antenna is installed and removed using a hydraulic device, which can also be used to adjust its length. The TV-16 antenna ensures the operation of passive GAS in the frequency range from 10 Hz to several kilohertz and the detection of underwater targets within 15-90 km.

Experts see ways to further improve the efficiency of the GAS with GPBA of submarines in shifting the operating range to the ultra-low-frequency region of the spectrum (units of hertz) for detecting submarines by tonal signals. The detection of such signals is supposed to be carried out using a thin linear towed TV-23 antenna, the length of which in the future will be 2000 m. The installation of such antennas as part of the AN / BQQ-5D SJSC is carried out during the scheduled repair of US Navy multi-purpose nuclear submarines. In this case, the antennas are placed in the tanks of the main ballast of the submarine.

The use of GPBA from surface ships has a number of features. In particular, they have the best opportunities for setting and sampling extended antennas, and their weight is also less limited, that is, the length of the antenna can be much longer than that of submarines. However, they cannot quickly change the towing depth of the antenna. The TACTASS program is mainly designed for surface ships, which provides for the development of sonar capable of solving tactical tasks at a distance of up to several tens of kilometers and operating in the medium frequency range.

The main characteristics of the HAS created by the TACTASS program are given in Table. 1.

The first serial station, intended for surface ships of the US Navy, was AN / SQR-15. It allowed mobile sonar monitoring of enemy submarines, but in general it had limited capabilities. Currently, the station is still in service with individual ships of the US Navy.

The tactical sonar AN / SQR-18 is designed to provide anti-aircraft defense of ship formations. It is more advanced than the AN / SQR-15, has a greater range. The installation and selection of an extended GAS antenna are carried out using the lifting and lowering device of the GAS AN / SQS-35 antenna, to the fairing of which it is attached via a cable-cable. Pre-amplifiers of hydroacoustic signals are also located in the radome of the GAS AN / SQS-35 antenna, the information processing and display equipment is on board the ship. The upgraded AN/SQR-18A sonar station contains an electronic device that eliminates flare from its own noise, acoustic noise of the carrier ship from the indicator screen and has a better tracking system.

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS WITH GPBA
Characteristics	AN/SQR-18A(Y)	AN/5QR-19	AN/UQQ-2 (SURTASS)
Operating range, Hz	Mid frequencies	3-3000	1-3030
Detection range, km			Up to 550
Direction finding accuracy, deg	3-10
Antenna length, m			1220
Antenna diameter, mm	82,5	82,5
Cable length, m	1524	1700	1830
Mass of onboard equipment, kg	5940	5840	6030
Weight of the setting-selection device, kg		7,61
Towing speed, knots (depth, m)	(335)	(365)	3 (150-450)

The AN/SQR-19 sonar is designed to detect and classify submarines while escorting convoys and performing missions to support aircraft carrier formations. The station registers the temperature, electrical conductivity of sea water, depending on the hydrology of the sea, determines the depth of immersion of the antenna, which is optimal for listening. In operating mode, the antenna is towed behind the ship below the jump layer to reduce interference from the towing ship.

According to Western experts, the station provides 10 times greater detection range and 2 times better direction finding accuracy than AN / SQR-18, and the probability of hitting targets is 2 times higher. The number of submarines detected using the AN/SQR-19 sonar in different areas of the World Ocean at different times of the year is, on average, 11 times higher than the number of boats detected using the AN/SQR-18A sonar. The detection range of submarines using AN / SQR-19 when in the convergence zone reaches 65 km, in favorable hydroacoustic conditions and at optimal towing speeds - 100 km, with the involvement of the LAMPS MKZ helicopter system - 125 km.

The tasks of long-range detection of enemy submarines can be solved using sonar stations developed as part of the SURTASS (Surveillance Towed Array Sonar System) program. This program began in 1974. It was supposed to create an early warning sonar capable of determining the location of submarines located in the second and third convergence zones. Work on the prototype lasted almost eight years.

The new AN / UQQ-2 sonar (SURTASS) was intended for long-range sonar surveillance vessels of the Stalworth type. They use an extended towed antenna 1220 m long, which can be extended astern on an 1830 cable to cover a depth range of 150-450 m. 2 tons, length 68.3 m, width 13.1 m, draft 4.5 m, maximum speed 11 knots, cruising range 4000 miles, crew 30-33 people, nine of them officers). Three of them are used to combat drug smuggling, one is involved in scientific research in the field of hydroacoustics, one is being repaired, five are patrolling in areas of low efficiency of the SOSUS system in order to increase the likelihood of detecting submarines or clarifying their coordinates using the triangulation method (four in the Atlantic, Little Creek naval base, and one in the Pacific Ocean, Pearl Harbor naval base). Patrols are usually carried out for 30-60 days at a speed of 3 knots, while the vessel can travel 6450 miles.

In addition, six more vessels of this type are involved in the programs of various departments. If necessary, all 16 vessels can be sent to patrol.

In 1986, the development of a new catamaran vessel of the Victories type began. Its total displacement is 3396 tons, length 71.5 m, width 28.5 m, draft 7.6 m, maximum speed 16 knots (3 knots on patrol), crew 32 people. It has better seaworthiness when patrolling the high seas at low speed than ships of the Stalworth type. Currently, the Navy has four Victories-class catamarans.

TACAN/UQQ-1 (SURTASS) provides reception of noise signals in a lower frequency region of the acoustic spectrum than other HAS with GPBA. According to foreign sources, it is capable of detecting submarines at ranges over 150 km, and in some cases - about 550 km. The classification range is 140 km. The direction finding accuracy of the GAS depends to a greater extent on the directional characteristic formed by the electronic method and to a lesser extent on the change in the position of the antenna. The bearing accuracy is 2-5°.

Work continues to reduce the effect of carrier noise on the GAS of the SURTASS system. At present, the stations have been equipped with special filters that remove the diffuse own noise of the ship from the operator's display.

A serious drawback of the SURTASS mobile early warning system for submarines is vulnerability. It is believed that in the event of a conflict, the enemy will first of all seek to destroy sonar observation vessels in order to ensure the safety of their submarines. Therefore, it is proposed to use submarines as a carrier of the SURTASS sonar system, which will significantly reduce the vulnerability of the system and ensure the secrecy of surveillance in peacetime.

The organization of the processing of information received by the GAS of the SURTASS system provides for primary processing on board the ship and subsequent detailed analysis in one of the two coastal information processing centers (Norfolk, Pearl Harbor), where it is transmitted via satellite communications. If necessary, information is transmitted directly to ASW ships in the area of observation. The coastal centers carry out the final processing of data, including the correlation of information received from various hydroacoustic observation vessels. In modern low-frequency hydroacoustic complexes, analog signals from hydrophones are converted into digital ones using an adaptive method based on the theory of optimal filtering, which ensures high flexibility in the operation of systems and a low level of false alarms under interference conditions. The computing equipment used for this has pre-introduced redundancy and is self-adjusting.

The hydroacoustic information received by the AN / SQR-19 sonar is processed by the AN / UYS-2 processor in the structure of the AN / SQQ-89 automated anti-submarine weapon control system, in which the sonar with GPBA is compatible with the active built-in sonar AN / SQS-53. The processor performs the formation of the antenna directivity, broadband processing for the initial detection and analysis of the relative movement of the target, the correlation of incoming hydroacoustic signals, as well as the data of the LAMPS MKZ helicopter system.

In 1995, the AN / SQO-89 automated systems entered service with approximately 130 surface ships. Currently, this system is being upgraded to improve software and hardware. In addition, a new ASW combat system with improved performance is being developed for aircraft carrier escort ships.

Particular attention is paid to the creation of a processor for complex processing of hydroacoustic signals. In boat complexes, signals are processed by numerous AN / UYK-43 computer processors distributed over compartments and the AN / BSY-1 complex. The combination of data obtained with the help of active and passive GAS is provided. The 4.5 million lines of system software is housed in 100 general-purpose and 50 specialized processors. In total, the computer equipment of the AN / BSY-1 complex occupies 117 racks, its weight is 32 tons. The basic operation of digital signal processing tools in systems with GPBA is the fast Fourier transform.

According to experts, it is possible to significantly improve the capabilities of hydroacoustic weapons through the widespread introduction of intelligent information processing algorithms, the use of the latest technologies in the field of computer technology, improving the structure of detection tools, improving the energy performance of the human-computer interface and improving the quality of operator training. Reducing the probability of missing targets is expected to be achieved by transferring part of the operator's functions to intelligent algorithms, in particular, four types of them:

STANDARD TOOLS FOR PROCESSING HYDRO-ACOUSTIC SIGNALS IN GAS WITH GPBA
Name	Performance, million operations/s	Application
AN/SQR-17A	.	GAS with GPBA AN / SQR-18A, helicopter PLO system LAMPS Mk3
AN/UYS-1		GAS S GPBA (SURTASS), helicopter system LAMPS MkZ
AN/UYS-2		SURTASS system, AN/BSY-2 complex, ACS AN/SQQ-89
		Complexes AN/BSY-1 and AN/BSY-2
		SURTASS system, AN/BSY-1 and AN/BSY-2 complexes

— Algorithm for improving the efficiency of HAS operation. It helps to facilitate the perception of information by the operator when detecting and classifying targets. So, in GAS operating at relatively high frequencies, the Doppler shift due to the mutual movement of the target and the carrier of the GAS between the frequency of the echo signal and the central frequency of the reverberant interference was 50 Hz or more, that is, it was audible. The decrease in the operating hours of the HAS with GPBA led to the fact that the Doppler shift was within 50 Hz and became indistinguishable for the operator. The DEP (Doppier Enhancement Processor), which implements an algorithm for increasing the efficiency of the operation of the GAS, eliminates this drawback. It adaptively suppresses reverberation, amplifies the echo signal and shifts it relative to the interference by an amount that provides a Doppler shift value that does not exceed the operator's sensitivity threshold. This greatly reduces the likelihood of false alarms.

— Algorithm for automatic selection of the operating mode and determination of the processing channel. It provides an instant assessment of the "noise field", environmental conditions and other characteristics that contribute to the optimal selection of detection tools and operating modes. The operator is notified of changes in the environment and tactical situation.

— Standby mode algorithm. With its help, the channel in which the signal is detected is highlighted, and a signal is generated that warns the operator.

— Algorithm of adaptive processing. Coordinates the processor operation with the parameters of the detected signal.

With the development of new detection tools with GPBA, intelligent algorithms will provide significant assistance in solving ASW problems.

The composition of the standard tools used for information processing in systems with GPBA, and their performance are shown in Table. 2.

The problem of providing a higher accuracy of direction finding of targets and improving performance in conditions of strong local interference has not been solved. With increasing distance to the target, the error in detecting the target location increases. For example, with a direction finding accuracy of 1° at a distance of 50 km, the length of the area of possible target location is 1 km. Therefore, the use of antennas in combination with carrier-based anti-submarine helicopters and other surface ships to clarify the contact and use of weapons gives the greatest effect.

Submarine noise reduction poses problems in the field of new developments and modernization of existing GAS, the solution of which will be carried out mainly by further reducing the operating range of passive and active GAS, developing the technology of active low-frequency GAS and new stations based on fiber optics.

One of the promising directions for the development of funds with GPBA is the creation of active-passive low-frequency systems. Structurally, they consist of large radiating and passive towed antennas. According to foreign sources, such systems will have significant advantages in detecting and tracking targets compared to existing ones (for example, AN / SQR-19), since the emitted signal may contain distinctive features in frequency, modulation type, bandwidth, level. To this it must be added that at low frequencies the losses during signal propagation in the aquatic environment are the smallest. Since the discrete components of the noise spectrum are located mainly in the low-frequency region, sound-absorbing coatings cease to be effective.

Small hydroacoustic station. Hydroacoustic stations with flexible extended towed antennas of the US Navy. See what "Hydroacoustic station" is in other dictionaries

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what is HYDRO-ACOUSTIC STATION in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

"Hydroacoustic station" in books

destination station

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

Station

Kazbek station

WATER STATION

Railway station

Chir station is silent

Chop station

Chir station is silent

Morozovskaya Station

Station

hydroacoustic station

Station

Dock station

Station