Tall weed with yellow flowers. Weeds photo and name. Harm and benefits of weeds
On land plots next to cultivated crops, plants that are called weeds arbitrarily settle. The fight against harmful herbs takes a lot of time. Today, over 2 thousand different species are known. Among the garden "residents" you can find poisonous and harmful ones that can poison pets. You can find out the names of weeds in the garden from the photo in the tables below.
Types and classification of weeds
Plants clog fields with agricultural crops, summer cottages, are found along roads, fences, they do not have specific places of settlement. Many types of weeds can be observed next to cultivated plants. For example, with wheat or barley, you can see a stupefying chaff (puzzle), and with buckwheat, a bindweed mountaineer. Growing next to cultivated plants, they affect the yield and quality of products, quickly spread in the garden through seeds, fruits, seedlings.
Weeds are classified according to properties: agrobiological, which take into account how it feeds, reproduces, what is the life expectancy, and botanical, which determine the class, family, variety, genus of the weed.
perennials
These include herbs such as creeping wheatgrass, bitter wormwood, horse sorrel and others. They have a strong root system that lives for a long time, and the death of the stems occurs 1-2 years after fruiting, but these weeds are able to renew from a small fragment.
Classification of perennial weeds:
| rhizomatous | Possess poor germination and survival of seeds. Their peculiarity is associated with underground stems-rhizomes. Each root node has leaf rudiments that are located in front of the adventitious bud and form a lobe for the appearance of other adventitious roots. If you cut it, there will be a depletion of the supply of plastic substances, which will lead to the death of the weed. |
| Creeping | When they take root, a ground leaf rosette is formed. Stems with whiskers appear from it in all directions, which go deep into the soil and form a daughter plant. This contributes to the emergence of a new outlet. So the weed crawls over the surface of the soil. Only a year later, a peduncle is formed, which dies after fruiting. |
| Taproot | Seeds contribute to the birth of a powerful root, the diameter of which can be more than 10 cm. This is a specific feature of the plant. Its neck is on the same level with the surface of the earth. A leaf socket spreads along the ground. Only in the second year does a fruitful stem appear in it, which blooms, which leads to the death of the ground part. They grow in the third year from the buds of the root system. |
| Fibrous | Weeds have an underdeveloped main root, and when adventitious ones replace it, a fibrous root system appears. The shoots extend from the ground part of the plant and are a large bundle of the same length. Renewed buds focus on the neck of the root. Repeated regrowth of adventitious roots at the base of the stem forms a dense tussock-like turf. If the root neck is cut with a tool during field work, it will not grow back. This indicates the weakness of vegetative reproduction. |
| corms | The biological group of plants is distinguished by tuberous formations that have formed on the basis of the stem. In autumn, above-ground and underground shoots die off, and the tubers remain in the ground and tolerate winter well. In some weeds, the tuber and rhizome can be easily separated. This becomes noticeable during tillage. Nodules remaining in the ground form a new weed in spring |
| root shoots | This species has a stem with horizontal lateral roots that goes deep into the ground. The buds are located there, germinating, a leaf rosette is formed, and subsequently a ground shoot. Weeds are very hardy. Root fragments stimulate the germination of new buds |
Juveniles
They have a short lifespan, about 2 years. For example, in spring species, such as quinoa, colza, wild oat, after fruiting in autumn, development ends. They have a shortened growing season, high seed productivity, germination appears at a temperature of +2-5˚C. Autumn seedlings of winter species tolerate winter well and stop their development only in summer. Such weeds include awnless bonfire, which is very useful for cattle, but interferes with cultivated crops.
In wintering varieties, development resembles spring plants. Falling seeds take root, give new shoots. In the rosette phase, they winter well, and in the spring, seeds ripen on the flower-bearing stem that has appeared, from which they multiply, and the weed dies. Winter forms have a basal rosette of leaves. Juveniles include biennial grasses. In the first year, the plant develops, a leaf rosette forms from spring shoots, the root hides deep into the earth. Only in the second year do seeds appear in the weed. This biological group includes the shepherd's purse, the Yakut field, the field broom.
The herbs described above are not cultivated by man, but fill fields, forests, summer cottages.
Garden and field weeds
From year to year during the planting season, growers struggle with malicious pests. To find an effective way to destroy them, you need to know the characteristics, weaknesses of these plants. Weeds fall into vegetable gardens and fields in different ways: they can lie in the soil, waiting for their germination, along with organic matter or compost, with seed, gusts of wind.
Garden weed gives plant growers great trouble, trouble, and also interferes with the development of cultivated species. Popular and dangerous herbs:
| Ambrosia | A common and well-known enemy of all gardeners. The weed can provoke a severe allergy in a person. You need to make every effort to remove the grass from the garden. To do this, they dig up the soil and use herbicides, such as Roundal, Federal, Veyron |
| wheatgrass | Grass is very difficult to remove. It belongs to the living species. Digging will not rid the site of the weed, on the contrary, it will aggravate the situation. This creeping plant shoots its roots deep into the ground. Growth activity is manifested when the soil is waterlogged |
| Pig fingered | The weed multiplies from the roots, which are at a depth of 18-22 cm, so when digging the soil there are some difficulties. On sharp, hard and rough leaves there are hairs. You can not loosen the earth. From this, rapid reproduction of the roots under the soil is possible, then they release shoots upward. That's why they called him a pig |
| Bindweed | The people have a second name ─ birch. The climbing weed has a long wandering root. The appearance of seedlings that are distant from each other depends on it. Mulching is used to control weeds. It does not allow the plant to spread around the site. Herbicides are also used ─ Deimos, Glyfor No. 1, Gesal, Vulture, Hurricane |
Gardeners know how to deal with grass in order to get rid of it faster. For this, chemicals are used - Tornado BP, Tornado 500, Fusilat Forte, Astera, Gezagard.
#gallery-7 ( margin: auto; ) #gallery-7 .gallery-item ( float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 25%; ) #gallery-7 img ( border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; ) #gallery-7 .gallery-caption ( margin-left: 0; ) /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */
Ambrosia 
wheatgrass 
Pigtail 
Bindweed
Many weeds have seeds with unique adaptations. They can spread over vast areas. For example, sow thistle and thistle have bats, dandelion has a parachute, string or burdock has thorns that are attached to people's clothes or animal hair. To know the "enemy in the face", you need to imagine what it looks like and what it is:
- Dodder. Weed liana-like grass wrapping around a cultivated plant. It is able to take nutrients and vitality from cereal and vegetable plantations. More than 100 varieties of weed are known. The most dangerous are field, clover, linen, hop. It is almost impossible to get rid of, since chemicals do not work. Only prevention is effective to prevent the spread. Deep loosening of the earth by 25-30 cm is also effective.
- quarantine types. Weeds are fought at the state level, as significant damage is caused to agricultural land: the yield decreases or the plantings die completely. The pest is able to infect crops with viruses, bacteria, the composition and structure of plants in the fields are also disturbed, and growing grasses are forced out.
When the weed has occupied large areas, it is necessary to act drastically ─ to apply the herbicides Tirus, Targa, Targa-super.
The development of annual weeds occurs in a short vegetative period ─ from germination to seed ripening. It has a high viability, can remain in the soil for several years:
| Quinoa | Throughout the summer, ripe grains fall to the ground and grow. You have to fight carefully. First, remove all the seeds by throwing a bag over the plant to collect them. Then pull out the root. If this does not help, you need to mow it or treat it with a chemical preparation ─ Gezagard, Bazagran M, Zenkor |
| The weed has thin stems that emerge from the nodular bud. Their height reaches up to 100 cm, a panicle is located at the top. Externally, the plant looks like oats. Seeds germinate well in warm weather. Herbicides such as Herbitox, Diamax, Lintur, Lontrel-300, Octopus Extra, Tornado-500 showed effectiveness in the fight against wild oats. | |
| Bodyak | Spiny weed. A field wild plant clogs not only vegetable gardens, but also forests. It displaces cultivated species, tolerates dry days well. The period of his death is the end of summer, otherwise he will spread the seeds over the fields. Once in the ground, they will be stored for a long period. To combat it, chemicals are used ─ Glyphosate, Lontrel, Napalm, Lontrel Grad |
Quinoa 
Bodyak
lawn weeds
When choosing a soil cover for a plot, gardeners present it as even, soft. But they do not suggest what troubles may arise with the arrangement of the lawn. Its main enemy is weeds. Main types:
| An annual plant 5 cm high, and shoots 40 cm long. At the beginning of growth, it is invisible, later small flowers appear on the stems. The whole kind of lawn grass spoils. It is attracted by compacted soils; it is not without reason that bluegrass is sometimes confused with seed for lawn coverings. | |
| A weed with yellow flowers takes root well on a young lawn, where there are unplanted places. It has a fleshy root that goes 20-25 cm deep and absorbs a lot of nutrients. | |
| Creeping weeds have a bright, juicy appearance, but are dangerous perennials. The chemical composition contains the substance protoanemonin, which is dangerous during collection. The length of the pest plant in some places reaches one meter. It has seed and vegetative development. Does great in damp soil | |
| The weed loves moist soil with a lot of useful elements. White or purple flowers are located on a thin stem 12 cm high. Reproduction occurs from shoots that quickly grow into the ground. It can become an ornament of any lawn, forming beautiful spots on a green carpet. Threadlike grass can strengthen slopes | |
| Oxalis vulgaris (hare cabbage) | The perennial has a strong root system and grows in groups. Viable plant 5-10 cm high with a creeping sprawling root develops quickly and fills the lawn grass. The stem is absent, and the leaves are three-fingered, reminiscent of clover. To get rid of sour, you need to pull it out by the root, since chemicals do not work effectively. |
| Chickweed medium (wood louse) | A dangerous weed grows on moist soils, forming a creeping carpet. The growing season lasts 40 days. During the summer, the seeds have time to ripen 2-3 times. Each plant produces thousands of grains. For 5 years, they are able to maintain their germination from a depth of 3 cm. |
There are other types of lawn pests, such as cinquefoil, mustard, knotweed, white gauze and others.
Useful weeds
All sorts of weeds are trying to grow on summer cottages. Not all of them should be attributed to useless, harmful plants. Many weeds in the country can be used for medicinal and culinary purposes. Compresses, tinctures, decoctions are prepared from them. The main types of useful herbs:
- Woodlouse (medium chickweed). This low pest plant with white flowers gives gardeners a lot of trouble. But this green carpet perfectly treats rheumatism, sciatica and sprains. A decoction of wood lice is a pain reliever. To prepare it, you need to pour 1 cup of weed with 200 ml of boiling water and insist for 12 hours, strain and drink ¼ cup 3-4 times a day. Woodlice are used not only in treatment, but also in cooking. Salads dressed with butter or sour cream are prepared from it. Such dishes lower cholesterol and strengthen the walls of blood vessels.
- Stinging nettle. From contact with this plant, no one will enjoy. Annual grass grows along roads, in summer cottages, blooms from June to autumn. First courses are prepared from it and added to salads, rich in vitamins A, B1 and B2, protein, iron, carotene, magnesium and copper. Weed acts on the human body as a tonic, helps to improve the metabolic process, helps with allergies, anemia, and increases appetite. To prepare the tincture, you need 1 tbsp. l. Dilute dry herbs in 200 ml of water. Put in a water bath, boil for 20-30 minutes, let it brew for 15-20 minutes. Strain and make up to 200 ml. Drink 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day before meals for 7-10 days. Also, the infusion can be used to wash wounds.
- Plantain. Among all types of meadow grasses, a significant place is given to its two varieties ─ large and medium. The leaf stops the bleeding and acts as a disinfectant. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used to produce plantoglucin, which relieves spasms. The juice of the plant is used to treat the stomach, ulcers, gastritis, kidney disease, and also for coughing. For a decoction, you need 1 tbsp. l. plants + 200 ml of water. Boil for 10-15 minutes and let it brew in a dark bowl until cool. Take orally 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day after meals.
Poisonous
There are about 50 species of plant pests that are dangerous to human health. In addition to poisoning, poisonous weed can cause burns. The consequences of interactions with dangerous herbs can be gastrointestinal diseases, nausea, and in some cases, paralysis or death. Basically, a person is to blame for his troubles, who, due to inexperience, curiosity, negligence, came into contact with a poisonous plant.
The main types of poisonous plants
It is important to distinguish a plant that can lead to poisoning from a similar representative of the flora:
- Hogweed belongs to the umbrella family. Various descriptions of poisonous and non-poisonous varieties are known, of which there are more than 70 species. It is not recommended to come close to the plant, as it is endowed with toxic properties that are harmful to health. A person will feel a headache, nausea, vomiting appears, body temperature rises, Quincke's edema may occur and suffocation may occur. The peculiarity of the weed is a height of up to 6 m, a wide leaf with a diameter of 1 meter with various segments, an inflorescence on a stem in the form of an umbrella of 80 cm. The danger comes not only from juice, but also from pollen, aroma, even dew. The plant is hardy, tolerates winter with severe frosts.
- The intoxicating chaff is dangerous because the seeds contain a poisonous mushroom. If you use grains, a person will be in a semi-conscious state, he will want to sleep, his head will spin. No wonder the weed has a second name ─ puzzle. It is very similar to wheat, so at the beginning of growth it is difficult to recognize the chaff.
It is known that we are surrounded by over 10 thousand poisonous plants. There is no need to be afraid of them, but you need to know what they look like and handle with care so that trouble does not happen.
Preventive measures
It is impossible to completely free land from weeds, but it is quite possible to reduce their number. Weeds survive in the worst conditions and have fantastic hardiness. Seeds left in the ground are able to resume germination after decades. Reproduction occurs not only from seeds, but also from fragments of stems, roots (thistle, wheatgrass, clover, coltsfoot, etc.). To prevent contamination of the site, it is necessary to carry out prevention:
- Use only pure seed purchased from a specialist dealer.
- Use compost heaps to collect pests.
- Follow crop rotation.
- Mow weeds at the beginning of their flowering.
Timely implementation of preventive measures creates favorable conditions for the development of cultivated plants.
Weeds are dealt with in a variety of ways. On the other hand, the experience of gardeners confirms that the presence of a small amount of weeds contributes to the improvement of many cultivated plants, and also increases soil fertility.
Taproot
Weeds of this biogroup usually have one thickened, in the form of a rod, a root that goes right into the soil. Plants in the first year from seeds form rosettes of leaves and form a tap root. Annually renewed from the kidneys laid on the root collar. Weeds are subdivided into two subtypes: 1) vegetative reproduction is always absent (Turkestan soap root, some types of sorrel); 2) vegetative propagation is absent in natural conditions and manifests itself with mechanical damage.
The second subtype, according to the reaction of the root to damage, is divided into two groups: a) capable of sprouting only in places of damage (common chicory, wild parsnip, rough cornflower, etc.); in common dandelion and horseradish, shoots are also formed on sections of lateral roots; b) capable of sprouting from any part of it (curly and domestic sorrel, field eryngium, woolly bindweed, dark nonnea, eastern sverbiga, etc.).
Segments of roots take root in domestic and curly sorrel, medicinal comfrey, eastern sverbig, common chicory, lanceolate plantain and others with and without a root neck; in sorrel and alfalfa - only with a root collar.
In some, the taproot persists throughout life (sverbiga orientalis), in others it dies off with age and is replaced by lateral adventitious roots. The length and thickness of the root, although partly dependent on external conditions, are nevertheless a biological feature of the species. In highly waterlogged places, the tap root can take a horizontal position. The root neck in some species is at the level of the soil surface, in others it is drawn into the soil to a depth of 20 cm (highlander splayed), which protects it from freezing and damage. In the American weed weed brought to us, the root neck grows up to 25 cm in diameter. Along its periphery, several buds are laid, giving rise to bushes. As a result of weighting, the upper part of the root often splits into parts (particles), each of which forms its own adventitious roots and becomes an independent plant (horse sorrel, etc.). In common dandelion, greater celandine and others, the roots are articulated at a depth of 10-25 cm. When the root collar is covered with soil or silt, straight or oblique rhizomes are formed on it, which often grow in thickness, can be one- and many-headed and give rise to stems.
Taprooted plants are ubiquitous, but mainly in the arid conditions of the south on virgin lands. On arable land, only those are preserved whose roots form shoots when damaged.
Cornflower rough - Centaurea scabiosa L. - a perennial up to 130 cm high with a rough woody stem and a woody root up to 3-4 cm thick. It grows when the root is pruned, parts of the root take root; the root is often divided into parts. Grows in meadows, shrubs, fallows and in crops of perennial grasses.
harmala- Peganum harmala L. is a perennial of the parnophyllous family. Stems up to 50 cm high, most often form large bushes of dozens of stems. The flowers are yellow. One sprouting plant forms up to 120 thousand seeds, which germinate well after cooling. The root is twisted, bent, up to 10 cm thick, lives up to 40 years, covered with several layers of black bark, easily flaky; sprouts when cut.
It is widely distributed in the South-East, southern Ukraine and in the republics of Central Asia on pastures, steppes, near settlements and in crops on dry land. It is not eaten by livestock due to an unpleasant odor.
common dandelion- Taraxacum officinale Wigg. - perennial with a rosette of leaves without stems and with flower arrows. Flowers yellow, reed; one plant produces up to 7 thousand seeds, which germinate well in the light after maturation. The root is taproot, up to 50 cm long, often branches on loose soil. When pruning in the Moscow region in mid-May, 6.6% grew, in early June -33%, at the end of June - 66% and in July - 100%. Root segments take root. After the end of fruiting, in mid-June, all above-ground parts of the plant die off, the root falls into summer dormancy, molts and often particulates. A massive, widespread and ubiquitous weed of parks, gardens, home gardens, roadsides, occasionally found in crops of perennial grasses.
Chicory ordinary- Cichorium inthybus L. (Fig. 12) is a perennial of the Compositae family. The stem is up to 120 cm high, branches and bears beautiful blue flowers, opened in clear weather in the morning. The root deepens into the soil up to 1.5 m, loose at a young age, white on the cut and secretes milky juice, contains 23% carbohydrates. When pruning, the roots sprout; parts of the root take root. The root molts and often particulates. It grows in fallows, gardens, parks, near roads and ditches, occasionally in fields in crops of perennial grasses.
curly sorrel- Rumex crispus L. - a perennial of the buckwheat family with a straight, furrowed stem, branching, thick (2.5 cm), reddish, woody, up to 1.5 m high. One plant produces up to 7 thousand seeds that remain alive in the soil 6 - 7 years, and in water - up to 44 months. When pruning the root, shoots are formed; parts of the root take root. Often particulates at the root collar. The roots contain tannins. It grows in weedy places, banks of rivers and streams, in damp meadows, in gardens, near fences and in berry fields.
Tuberous
Tubers, as organs of vegetative reproduction, are formed at the base of the stems (bulbous barley, meadow timothy grass), on rhizomes (in horsetail, scurvy roundworm, tuberous rank, etc.) and on stolons - one-year underground stems (field and Austrian mint, marsh chistets , Jerusalem artichoke, ranunculus, etc.). Tubers can be round, oblong and consist of separate segments.
field mint- Mentha arvensis L. - a perennial of the labiate family with a tetrahedral branching stem up to 60 cm high. The flowers are bluish-purple, with a strong smell. Tubers are rounded-tetrahedral, white-yellow, sometimes purple, consist of individual segments (segments) up to 2-4 cm long, made inside. Near the connections of the segments, each of them has two kidneys. The tubers often branch and lie at a depth of up to 10-15 cm. One well-grown plant forms 85 tubers of the first order, 136 of the second (lateral) and 8 of the third (lateral on the lateral) orders with a total weight of 115 g. The tubers are very fragile, easily broken into separate segments, each of which is able to give a new plant. When exposed, the tubers quickly wither and are killed by frost. It is distributed everywhere in low places of fields, infests all crops.
The biology of Austrian mint and marsh mint is similar to the biology of field mint, and therefore we do not give a description of them.
Bulbous
The bulb, as an organ of vegetative propagation, consists of a strongly shortened flat stem, called the bottom, and thickened scales sitting on it with reserve nutrients. In the center of the bulb is an apical bud, from which leaves and a flower arrow develop. In the axils of the scales, onions are formed - babies, and nourishing roots depart from the bottom. When the scales die off, baby bulbs are released, spread during tillage and give new plants. In a number of plants in the south, onions are formed on inflorescences (bulbous bluegrass, garlic, onion, cardamine, etc.) and they are called viviparous (highlander viviparous, etc.). In some plants, bulbs are formed on stolons (European weekly).
Onion round- Allium rotundum L. - a perennial of the lily family with a rosette of linear leaves and a flower arrow up to 80 cm high, ending in a spherical inflorescence. It grows almost everywhere in the central and southern regions of the European part of the USSR in gardens, fields, meadows and waste places. When eaten by cows, it imparts a bitter taste to milk.
Weeds with creeping stems
A number of weeds have creeping, creeping, climbing and lying stems that serve for vegetative propagation. Such plants most often grow in moist and shady places. In some weeds, creeping perennial stems are densely planted with leaves, take root well at the nodes, parts of the stems take root, and they are said to reproduce with lashes (hairy hawk, ivy-like budra, meadow tea, medicinal veronica, creeping clover, etc.).
Wild strawberries, goose cinquefoil, creeping cinquefoil, creeping ranunculus have creeping annual stems. They take root at the nodes and form rosettes of leaves, which become independent plants when the stem dies off in autumn.
The creeping stems of the creeping survivor take root and form a rosette at the ends; In autumn, the ends of the stems of blackberries are gray and stone burrow deep into the soil, thicken, take root, and give rise to a new plant the next year.
Budra ivy- Glechoma hederacea L. - perennial of the mint family. Perennial branching and rooting stems are densely planted with petiolate leaves, bearing bright blue flowers. The weed grows strongly in the gardens and orchards of the non-chernozem zone.
buttercup creeping- Ranunculus repens L. (Fig. 13) is a perennial of the buttercup family. In spring, fruit-bearing stems up to 20-30 cm high with bright yellow flowers are formed from an overwintered rosette. Along with them, creeping annual stems rooting at the nodes are formed. At the rooting sites, rosettes are formed that overwinter well and give rise to new plants. When pruning leaves at the outlet at the level of the soil surface, baby rosettes appear. Rosettes do not die when embedded in the soil by autumn moldboard plowing.
rhizomatous
Rhizomes are called underground-growing stems that serve for vegetative propagation and renewal of a number of perennial weeds. At a young age, they have rudimentary leaves sitting at the nodes and covering the axillary buds. With age, the leaves die off, exposing the buds. Due to turgor and the presence of mechanical tissue, the rhizomes of cereal weeds are resilient and can penetrate potato tubers along the way. Reserve nutrients are deposited in the rhizomes, which feed on the germinating buds.
The rhizomes of individual weed species differ in appearance, depth of occurrence and growth characteristics. According to their location in the soil and growth characteristics, they are divided into two subtypes. At the first rhizome, they grow horizontally in length with one apical bud and are known as monopodial rhizomes. From axillary buds, vertically growing rhizomes are formed on them, giving rise to above-ground leaves and stems. Such a structure of rhizomes in sharpshooter, horsetail, bracken fern, sandy sedge, etc.
In the second subtype, the rhizomes strongly branch, lie in the soil, grow in different directions with many tops and are called sympodial. Their ends come to the surface, take root strongly and give rise to new plants. Sympodial rhizomes are found in such weeds as creeping couch grass, humai, hogweed, common reed, common yarrow, white field grass, ground reed grass, amphibian mountaineer, two-row paspalum, etc.
The depth of rhizomes is a specific feature for each weed. All rhizomes multiply rapidly; in the spring, only a small part of the buds on them normally germinates, and the rest are, as it were, a reserve reserve. Rhizomes of gumai live for two years, couch grass - 12-13 months; horizontal rhizomes of spicy - up to 20 years, and vertical - four years.
Gumai, hogweed, two-row paspalum, cylindrical emperor, spicy, as heat-loving weeds, are common in the southern zone of the country, and creeping wheatgrass, coltsfoot, horsetail - in the central and northern zone; common reed grows everywhere. The buds on the rhizomes do not have a dormant period and, when the rhizomes are cut into pieces, they germinate together. Segments of young rhizomes take root better than segments of old ones, but they are less resistant to drying and frost. Seed reproduction in most rhizomatous weeds is strongly suppressed.
Creeping wheatgrass- Agropyrum repens P. B. - perennial rhizomatous, widespread weed (Fig. 14). It forms large clumps, and sometimes completely clogs large areas of fields due to the pulling of rhizomes by tillage tools. It forms a mass of leaves and stems up to 60-70 cm high, ending in an inflorescence - an ear. Grows on all soils and soil varieties, infests all crops, especially sparse spring spiked grains and tilled crops. As a light-loving plant, it does not tolerate shading with winter crops. On arable land, it reproduces mainly by rhizomes. Seed propagation on loose soils is suppressed by the increased development of rhizomes.
Creeping wheatgrass is one of the most malicious weeds. The total length of rhizomes on light soils reaches 1500 km, and by weight of the dry mass - up to 2-3 tons per 1 ha. The bulk of the rhizomes lies at a depth of up to 10-15 cm, and on light soils - up to 20 cm. The buds on the rhizomes germinate well when tilling the soil at any time of the year. The smaller the segments (parts) of rhizomes formed during tillage, the more fully the buds germinate on them. Segments with one kidney, even with a length of 5 cm, take root completely and give rise to new plants. On segments with two and three buds, about 58% of the buds germinate, with four buds - 44% and with five - 38% in relation to the total number of buds on them. Double disking of the soil with disc harrows with well-honed discs gives up to 50-60% of segments of couch grass rhizomes from 1 to 10 cm long and up to 80% from 1 to 15 cm long. The deeper the segments are embedded in the soil, the more time is required to grow out of them shoots ("shilets") on the surface of the soil. Unsprouted buds in long segments persist for no longer than one year and germinate when the shoot from the sprouted bud is damaged. Whole rhizomes live 12-13 months and die off after the formation of young rhizomes from them.
Ostrets- Aneurolepidium ramosum Nevski is a rhizomatous perennial weed. A developed plant has one horizontally growing rhizome, from which the same lateral rhizomes are formed, lying at a depth of 18-22 cm. Vertical rhizomes grow from buds on horizontal rhizomes. Each of them in the first year forms only leaves on the soil surface, in the second year - a fruiting stem, in the third year - only leaves, and in the fourth year it dies off. Feeding roots from the nodes of horizontal rhizomes depart in bunches down, and from vertical ones - in a horizontal direction.
Segments of horizontal rhizomes take root well, and vertical ones poorly. Common in the southern steppe and semi-desert conditions.
Svinoroy- Cynodon dactilon Pers. - rhizomatous weed of the southern regions of the country (Fig. 15). Stems articulated-rising, 40-60 cm long, ending in a palmate inflorescence of 3-8 spikelets. The bulk of the rhizomes on loose soil lies in a layer of 0-10 cm (about 40%), and in dense soil - about. 80%. Every year, the number of rhizomes increases by an average of 25 times, and some of the old ones die off. On one hectare, up to 85 km (in length) of rhizomes are formed with 2.3 million buds on them. The total weight of raw rhizomes reaches 15 tons. In spring, up to 15% of buds on rhizomes germinate, and for the entire growing season about 35%; when cutting the rhizomes into pieces, up to 90% of the buds germinate. With shallow summer tillage, the pig grows on the 10-15th day, and with deep tillage - on the 25-30th day.
Gumay- Andropogon halepensis Pers. - perennial rhizomatous weed in the southernmost regions of the country. It forms powerful bushes with a mass of leaves and stems up to 1.5-2 m high, rarely 3-3.5 m. It often forms continuous thickets in large, fairly wet areas. Weeds crops of cotton, kenaf, kitchen gardens, orchards and banks of sprinklers. The rhizomes of the humai are jointed, thick, young white, old dark yellow, hard, lignified, reach a length of 70-90 cm, branching. Most of them lie in the soil at a depth of 20-25 cm; individual rhizomes can be deepened up to 80 cm. Gumai reproduces well by parts of rhizomes of any length with one or more buds.
Common reed- Phragmites sommunis L. - perennial rhizomatous grass with stem height up to 2-3 m and wide linear-lanceolate leaves. Rhizomes are jointed, straw-yellow, tear-resistant, hollow inside, up to 1-3 cm thick and up to several meters long; lie in the soil in several tiers at a depth of 20 to 250 cm. Distributed throughout our country. The bulk of the rhizomes lies in a layer up to 40-60 cm; deeper occurrence is often associated with falling asleep and silting and subsequent vertical (orthotropic) growth of shoots.
The leading factor in the formation of underground reed organs is soil moisture. With a lack of moisture in the soil, the rhizomes remain viable for a number of years, with a slow decrease in power. Often on an area of 1 sq. m, the total length of the rhizomes reaches 27.5 m with 810 buds on them. Often the rhizomes of the weed lie in the soil in several tiers. The bulk grows after plowing from a depth of 20-40 cm; the survival rate of segments of rhizomes is low - about 30%. According to L. I. Krasovsky, the underground organs of reed in the conditions of the Novosibirsk region often make up 85-90% of the total biomass in autumn.
In addition to underground, the reed forms above-ground and rooting whip-rhizomes. When animals eat the upper parts of the stem, shoots are formed from the remaining nodes, and when the above-ground vertical stems are buried, rhizomes appear from the nodes, which, when separated from the mother plant, can exist as separate individuals. As a result of vegetative propagation, the reed forms clumps that grow rapidly in all directions.
root shoots
In some perennial weeds, adventitious buds form on the roots, from which root suckers (shoots) develop. Such plants are called root shoots. Weeds of this biological type are difficult to eradicate. According to the features of the structure and vegetative propagation, the biotype of root shoot weeds can be divided into two subtypes.
- I. Subtype of cardaria krupkovaya. From the main vertical root, deepening sheer for several meters, lateral horizontal roots of propagation depart in tiers, which, thickening at a certain distance, make a downward bend, deepen their ends into the soil and become additional roots (Fig. 16). From them, in turn, the same lateral roots of reproduction are formed, and so on. On a thickened bend, buds are laid, giving root offspring. This subtype includes such pernicious weeds as field calendula, field bindweed, eastern dodarcia, common kirkazon, common toadflax, euphorbia vine, Tatar molokan, Volga bounty, etc.
- II. Subtype of gonolobus smooth(Honolobus levis Michx.). The lateral roots of reproduction depart from the vertical root in a horizontal direction; their ends do not penetrate vertically into the soil (Fig. 16). Renewal buds are laid on them without any system; rosettes of leaves and shoots are formed from the buds. This is how perennial ragweed, perennial elderberry, graying camel thorn, willow-herb, cypress spurge, etc.
Mechanical damage to the roots of root weeds not only does not inhibit them, but, on the contrary, stimulates even more abundant shoot formation. It was the arable soil with its tillage and frequent pruning of the roots that served as the environment in which the biological characteristics of root shoots were formed, fixed and are constantly being improved; weed plants. The proof of this is that when a weedy area is abandoned, first the field thistle, then the field thistle quickly die off, the field bindweed and especially creeping mustard are retained the longest. The very species name "field" indicates the confinement of the weed to life on cultivated soils.
The high vitality of root weeds is associated with their powerful root system, which ensures renewal and reproduction, and in field sow thistle - with a very high photosynthetic ability.
Weed counts in corn crops have shown that about 80% of the stems of thistle field and Tatar molokan are formed from cut roots and about 15% from root segments, while in field sow thistle, on the contrary, over 80% of plants are formed from root segments and the rest from cut roots and seeds.
According to the structure and characteristics of the engraftment of root segments, all root shoot weeds can be divided into two biological groups.
- Weeds with a relatively poor survival rate of root segments and vertical rhizomes when tilling the soil in early autumn and late spring, and especially in summer, at relatively high temperatures and low soil moisture and depletion of reserve nutrients in the roots. Only during late autumn and early spring plowing, when the soil contains a large amount of moisture, and the roots contain reserve nutrients, root segments take root during tillage. This group of weeds includes field and gray-haired calendula, field bindweed, creeping mustard, Tatar molokan, krupkovaya cardaria, common toadflax, sorrel, etc. From segments of the field bindweed root shoots are formed with a length of the aerial part up to 5 cm; plants live up to 2 months, and then die off, as they do not form roots.
According to our data (experiments in the Moscow region), when tilling the soil on April 14, 50-73% of segments of the roots of the wild water root took root, and from May 4 to 21 - only 4-18%. In another experiment, the number of shoots in relation to the number of segments laid in the soil was: May 4 - 136%, May 12 - 54%, June 2 - 47% and June 17 - 24%. According to I. G. Deyanov (Rostov region), the survival rate of the segments of the roots of the field flower was 100% in April, 30-40% in mid-May, and no more than 10% at the end of May - the first half of June. When tilling the soil in April and the first half of May, the shoots from the segments bear fruit by the end of the growing season, and with later tillage they are noticeably lower in growth and do not have time to bear fruit. When tilling the soil on April 16 and May 6, 46 and 10% of the segments of bindweed roots took root, respectively.
In weeds of this group, the main vertical and the ends of the lateral roots of reproduction are buried several meters into the soil - until groundwater occurs. They form shoots with repeated pruning at a depth of 20-30 cm, and field calendula and especially creeping mustard and field bindweed - at a depth of up to 1 m.
The vertical root of bindweed has a powerful shoot-forming ability. When pruned, it forms about 192 shoots with 310 creeping or twining stems. According to the data of the Pervomaiskaya Beet Experimental Breeding Station, after harvesting winter crops with repeated (every 20 days) pruning, the following regrowth of rosettes of thistle field was noted with an initial infestation of 2591 rosettes, or 100%: after the first pruning - 4564 rosettes, or 154%, after the second - 1698, or 65%, after the third - 769, or 28%, after the fourth - 247, or 9.6%, and after the fifth - 35, or 1.0%. When pruning at a depth of 20-30 cm, after 60 days, 89-91.% was formed (as a percentage of the initial number of above-ground stems), and only 31% from a depth of 60 cm. A single shallow tillage usually increases the number of offspring on the soil surface.
The bulk of the roots of propagation on arable soils lies at a depth of more than 20-30 cm. In most weeds of this group, all plants in the foci (clumps) are connected to each other by roots, and this makes them more resistant to damage to the aboveground parts. Fruit-bearing stems die off completely in autumn before joining with the propagation root that forms them, which, as noted, lies on arable soils at a depth of 20-30 cm. Buds on the roots also form in winter in an unfrozen layer. Under unfavorable conditions, the field thistle, field bindweed, creeping mustard and others fall into a dormant state and can remain in this form for several years in a row.
- Weeds with a very high survival rate of root segments of any length, up to 0.5 cm, when cultivating the soil at any time of the year. Segments of the roots of thistle field are resistant to drought and cold. In our experiment, in the conditions of the Moscow region, when plowing the soil in September and later (before freezing of the soil), root segments turned up to the surface and exposed from the soil overwintered well and formed a continuous mass of rosettes in spring. The main property of the weeds of this group is the fragility of the roots, the ability to easily break apart during tillage into separate parts (cuttings), each of which gives an independent plant.
This group includes field sow thistle. The main mass of the roots of the latter lies in the arable layer at a depth of up to 20 cm, on solonetzes and alkaline soils - in a layer of 0-16 cm. The roots are thick, strongly branched and form a mass of bends. When plowing with a plow with a skimmer (without preliminary peeling), in the loosened layer, segments (parts) of the root up to 5 cm long were found 9.3%, 5-10 cm long - 40.8%, 10-15 cm long - 27.8% , or relatively small - about 80%. Pre-disking or peeling increases the number of small parts of the root. During processing, the soil segments until September give rosettes and shoots in the same year, and with later processing - the next year or form shortened rudiments of shoots wintering in the soil .. The buds on the roots do not have a dormant period and germinate throughout the growing season period. Propagation roots are formed unusually quickly: from a 10 cm long root segment on a plot without sowing, 542 cm of roots were formed during the summer, and a 5 cm segment, when planted in June to a depth of 5 cm, by September 13 formed two rosettes and roots 235 cm long. roots appear in the second half of summer, reaching 25 m in length on an area of 1 sq. m.
The survival rate of segments of the roots of weeds of both groups in continuous crops of agricultural plants is significantly lower than in pure fallows. When re-treated after 10-15 days, the root parts that take root are well destroyed.
Let us give a brief description of root weeds.
Field calf- Cirsium arvense Scop, is a dioecious (separately male and female plants) perennial rhizomatous weed, widespread throughout the country (Fig. 17). In the extreme south, in the steppe regions, it is replaced by a white-felt or gray-haired bodyak (Cirsium incanum). Stems 1-1.5 m high often form separate foci, and often continuous thickets, in which all cultivated plants often die or greatly reduce the yield. The field watercress withstands the shading of such resistant cultivated plants as winter rye. The offspring of thistle on the fallows in the spring come to the surface of the soil literally from under the snow, and on arable land - later. Grows in fields, vegetable gardens, orchards, along roads and on fresh fallows; - infests crops of all crops.
In the white-felted calf, common in dry steppe conditions, there are few horizontal roots of reproduction; the main shoots are formed from vertical roots.
Field bindweed, birch- Convolvulus arvensis L. is a perennial rootstock plant with climbing or creeping stems 40-170 cm long and large white flowers (Fig. 18). The root system is the same as that of the field plant, but thinner; on dense dry soils forms only one vertical root. It clogs all crops of field crops, causing them to lodging, and makes harvesting difficult. Often tightly wraps around berry, tea and ornamental shrubs. Distributed everywhere.
Gorchak creeping- Acroptilon repens is a perennial root weed, the most difficult to eradicate (Fig. 19). It grows in the southern regions of the European part of the country and in the republics of Central Asia on arable fields and steppe pastures; often forms continuous thickets, under which either die or greatly reduce the yield of cultivated plants. The bulk of the propagation roots lie at a depth of 10-40 cm and are not destroyed by ordinary plowing. The weed is moving north and is already found in the Kuibyshev and Zaporozhye regions. In Kherson and other southern regions creeping mustard has become a real disaster for arable land. In irrigated areas creeping mustard vegetatively reproduces faster than without irrigation. Poisonous to pets, and root secretions to cultivated plants.
Molokan Tatar- Mulgedium tataricum D. C. is a perennial rhizomatous weed with stems up to 80 cm high and blue flowers collected in baskets. The plant is drought and salt tolerant in the conditions of the southeast of the European part of the country and Kazakhstan. It settles very quickly and is a malicious weed in the fields of the steppe zone. In two years, five Molokan plants occupied an area of 82 square meters. m and spread to the sides by 5-6 m, gave 2618 rosettes with a total length of roots only in the arable layer up to 2656 m and with the number of buds on them 10 629. Horizontal propagation roots lie in the layer at a depth of 40-60 cm, and their ends are buried vertically into the soil. The bulk of the shoots is formed on the horizontal roots of reproduction.
Sow thistle field- Sonchus arvensis L. (Fig. 20) - a perennial weed of the Compositae family; stems are straight, 80-120 cm high, at the top they bear a branched inflorescence with yellow flowers. The stems and roots at the break release white milky juice. Forms a mass of seeds with volutes. Weeds all crops, especially spring grain and row crops. Distributed almost everywhere. Frequent cultivation of row crops contributes to the breaking of fragile roots and the formation of new plants from them, often up to 300 rosettes per 1 sq. m. Take root in moist soil and part of the stem (Fig. 21).
Turnefortia sibirica- Turnefortia sibirica L. - perennial root weed with thick juicy stems up to 30 cm high and with white-cream small flowers. All parts of the plant are covered with white hairs. The roots are thickened (up to 3 cm), fragile, with a mass of tubercles on the surface, from which shoots are formed. Root segments take root well. The weed is widespread in the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Kazakh SSR and the Turkmen SSR on sandy, clayey and solonetsous lands; clogs vegetable and tilled crops.
sorrel, small sorrel- Rumex acetosella L. - perennial mass weed of acidic soils of the non-chernozem zone. It often forms pure thickets on the soaks of winter crops and among dead clover crops. The plant forms dense bushes 15-45 cm high. The main and lateral roots are strongly sinuous, lie in the soil at a depth of up to 15 cm; their segments do not take root well.
This group of weeds includes krupkovaya cardaria, Volga gulyavnik, Caspian kareliniya, common kirkazon, common toadflax, euphorbia vine, spicy euphorbia, common parnolistnik.
Every year during the gardening season, at the same time as planting and growing vegetables and fruits, we have to deal with malicious weeds. To choose the most suitable method of removal, you need to know the enemy in person. After reading this article, you will learn about the most common types of weeds that grow in garden plots, as well as some field weeds.
The weed got its name due to the highly developed creeping root system. In depth, the rhizomes reach up to 15 cm and grow in the garden plot with incredible speed. It is precisely because of the long roots that firmly grow into the soil that it is very difficult to get rid of the weed by weeding or manually breaking through. Parts of the roots remaining in the ground grow again in three to four days.
Creeping couch grass is very tough, it is advisable to break through it with gloves so as not to cut your hands. Stems in height can reach from 40 cm to one and a half meters. The leaves are flat, rough, reaching a length of 20 to 40 cm, a width of 0.3 to 1 cm. It blooms in June-July with spikelets, the length of which is up to 2 cm, and the width is from 0.5 to 0.7 see. The weed propagates by rhizome and seeds that form in spikelets.
wheatgrass – perennial weed-field plant, it can be found not only in garden plots, but also in fields, near roads and river banks. The weed is very resistant to diseases and pests, not whimsical to the composition of the soil, climatic conditions.
The most effective way to control weeds is to weed small wheatgrass sprouts. If wheat grass is allowed to grow before the flowering period, it will be extremely difficult to get rid of it. In large areas, in the fields, pesticides are used to fight the enemy.
Did you know? You have no idea what a useful weed it is. Creeping wheatgrass has many medicinal properties. In the field of medicine, it is used to improve metabolism, cleanse the blood, and also as a diuretic and laxative. As a drug, it is most popular in Switzerland and Germany.
Purslane is the most common garden weed. Its stems are creeping, brown, reaching a length of up to 40 cm. The leaves are small, oblong-oval, dark green in color. The flowers are small, light yellow. Blooms in June and blooms until August. Seeds are thrown out in September.
The weed has an enviable vitality. Adapts to any soil and various adverse conditions. It has long creeping roots that, in case of rain, sprout even after weeding. However, the stems of the weed are tender, not as sharp as those of wheatgrass, so they are easily torn. In addition to breaking through, effective methods of weed control include mulching and autumn digging of the soil. Mulching involves covering the soil with straw, which will delay the growth of weeds. Deep digging prevents the germination of purslane seeds.
Important!Purslane should be pulled out or weeded only with roots. Otherwise, in a couple of days the weed will again show off in the garden plot.
Woodlouse is a herbaceous weed that is the most difficult to control. It throws out seeds twice a year, so it multiplies very quickly. A single plant can produce about 25,000 seeds. When they hit the soil, they immediately begin to germinate. In addition, the weed can propagate in parts of the stems.
There are about ten types of woodlice. Among them there are both annual and perennial representatives. The stems are branched, thin, but poorly torn. The leaves are small, oval-shaped with pointed ends, bright green. It blooms with small white flowers, which is a bit like field daisies.
Snotty is a perennial weed. The stems are thin, green, in height can reach from half a meter to a meter. The leaves are twice or thrice pinnate, oval, pointed at the edges. Inflorescences look like umbrellas (like elderberry), abundantly strewn with small white flowers. It grows on any kind of soil, and the viability period reaches fifty years. It has a powerful horizontally creeping rhizome. Blooms from June to July.
Snot grows especially actively in semi-shaded and shaded places. The weed is difficult to pull out. At the same time, it also has useful properties. With its sweet smell, the weed attracts bees very well. The leaves and stems of the plant contain a lot of carotene and protein. Therefore, the aroma of the plant is a bit like the smell of carrots. Sometimes gout can be confused with flowering stems of carrots.
Did you know? The gout does not have a dormant period, as many plants require. In areas where winters are not very cold, it can grow all year round. In park and forest areas, the plant is a whole ecosystem.
To remove the weed in large areas, it will be necessary to treat them with herbicides more than once. However, it is worth remembering that this weed also has many useful properties. Gout belongs to pigment-forming cultures, with its help they dye the fabric in yellow and green shades. The plant is very effectively used in folk medicine to remove toxins from the body, improve digestion and metabolism, in diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, and also as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent.
Probably, there is no such person who has never seen nettle and has not tried its “sting”. This plant is very common not only in gardens, but also in forests and fields. Nettle is also very popular for its medicinal properties and is widely used in medicine.
The plant has a creeping horizontal root system. The stems are straight, branched, reach up to one and a half meters in height. On the stems are densely located burning hairs, which sting us when we touch the plant.
The leaves are placed on long petioles opposite each other. They have a rich green color. At the base, their shape is similar to a heart, pointed towards the ends, and jagged along the edges. Blooms from early summer to September. Inflorescences are represented by small spikelets.
Important! Nettle has many medicinal properties, the effectiveness of which has been proven by more than one study. The plant is used to stop gastrointestinal, hemorrhoidal, uterine bleeding, treat arthritis, arthrosis, stomach and kidneys. Therefore, it is worth considering before completely getting rid of such a weed.
Sow thistle is a beautiful flowering perennial plant. It can reach two meters in height. It can be found in abundance anywhere: in fields, lawns, forests, parks, gardens, near roads. It has a strong root system. The leaves are presented in the form of jagged triangles. It blooms with beautiful bright yellow flowers. Blooms in June. When the plant fades, instead of yellow baskets, hats of white hairs form on it. This is the seeds (fruit) of thistle. With a light breeze, they scatter like fluff.
The stems and leaves of thistle have a bitter juice, so they are not very fond of animals. But bees love this plant. Thistle gives them a lot of pollen and nectar. In cooking, the plant is often used to make salads. Maybe now you know what kind of weed it is? And this is the real dandelion, which is known not only to adults, but to every child.
Did you know? Thistle field has a large number of medicinal properties. It has long been used in medicine as a diuretic, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and antipyretic agent.
T It is also a well-known and very common weed. In height, the plant usually reaches 80 cm, although sometimes there are tall representatives up to one and a half meters in length. It has a highly branched root system. Propagated by root shoots, which, despite their fragility, take root very well. Stems are long and upright. The leaves are hard, narrow, with notches along the edges. The lower leaves are pinnate. It blooms with beautiful inflorescences of blue and purple color. Blooms from July to August. The plant is resistant to drought, unpretentious to the composition of the soil.
The main methods of weed control include:
- deep digging of the soil;
- deep weeding;
- herbicide treatment.
Euphorbia is one of the most famous and widespread weed plants. It has a thick stem and prickly triangular leaves. The plant got its name due to the fact that its stems and leaves contain white juice, which looks very much like milk.
The height of the weed can reach several meters. The root system of milkweed is strong and can go deep into several meters. An adult plant is almost impossible to pull out of the site with bare hands. So it has to be dug up. The plant is resistant to drought, unpretentious to the composition of the soil. The best methods of weed control are deep weeding, autumn digging and herbicide treatment. The plant brings the greatest harm to crops, as it greatly slows down their growth.
Important! Euphorbia is often given as food to livestock. However, it should be borne in mind that most of its species have toxic substances that can harm animals.
Field bindweed is a perennial plant with a thin climbing stem and a well-developed creeping root system. The length of the weed reaches one meter. The leaves are small oval, placed along the stems in the form of a spiral. It blooms with beautiful delicate flowers of white, pink or white-pink shades. The inflorescences are bell-shaped. This weed is also popularly called "birch" or "bell".
Bindweed can be found not only in the garden, but also in the fields, on lawns, near roads. Excessive development of the weed significantly reduces the yield of agricultural plants. This is due to the fact that the weed takes all the nutrients and moisture from the soil. It is very difficult to fight the plant, because the root of the weed is creeping and goes to great depths. Deep digging and herbicide treatment are the most effective methods.
An annual and biennial plant that is found in vegetable gardens, fields, near roads. The stems of the weed are rough, covered with small villi, straight, reaching a meter in length. The leaves are long, thin, pointed at the ends. The roots are thin and deep. Blooms all summer long. Inflorescences are blue, purple, sometimes white. Several branches can depart from the stems, on which small inflorescences are also formed. Propagated by seeds. The plant is resistant to drought, diseases and pests. Seeds retain the possibility of germination up to 10 years. 
Did you know? Cornflower blue is used in winemaking. Champagne and vermouth are tinted with them, it gives them a pink tint.
Perennial plant, most common in forests and meadows. The stems are straight, reaching a height of up to half a meter. The leaves are oval, pointed at the edges. Propagated by seeds and tubers, which are attached to the roots of the plant. It blooms with small purple and dark crimson flowers. Inflorescences are a bit like a spikelet. The fruits of the plant are brown nuts. On the one hand, the chistets is a weed plant and prevents garden crops from growing.
On the other hand, it has many useful properties:
- stops uterine bleeding;
- soothes;
- helps with insomnia;
- lowers pressure.
The plant has a creeping rhizome. The leaves are compound, three-, five-fingered. Depending on the type, the leaves can be green, burgundy or purple. It blooms with pale pink inflorescences that are bell-shaped. The peculiarity of this plant is that it can have inflorescences capable of self-pollination. Propagated by seeds. Seeds are discarded from the pod, which are formed after the weed has faded. 
An annual, very difficult weed. In the people it is also called chicken millet. The stems of the plant are thin, sharp, and can reach a height of a meter. To the top, the stems of adult plants are slightly bent. The leaves are thin, long, pointed at the ends, rough. The inflorescences are very reminiscent of spikelets. Their length can reach 20 cm. Spikelets have a light green color. The flowering period is from July to September. 
Important!Hedgehog can be used to good use. The mowed weed is an excellent feed for livestock and is also suitable for making hay.
Svinoroy refers to the main and most common weeds. It has a well developed creeping root system. The stem is thin, along it opposite each other there are thin leaves pointed towards the end. The color of the weed is from green to light green. Inflorescences are presented in the form of spikelets. Spikelets at the end of the inflorescence are collected in an umbrella.
Blooms from June to September. Propagated by seeds and roots. Under the ground cover, the pigworm forms thin root shoots that can appear on the surface of the soil. Then the shoots turn green, the scales turn into leaves, and the weed trudges further along the surface of the earth. Then the shoots can again go into the ground and continue to develop in the form of a white root. Due to this developmental feature, the weed was called a pig.
398
times already
helped
Weeds in the summer cottage are the worst enemies of the gardener. They not only drown out the growth of vegetable crops, but also pretty much spoil the appearance of the territory. Penetrating deep into the soil, weeds begin to draw nutritious juices and minerals from the root system of the plant, depriving it of vitality and energy. As a result, all your efforts may be in vain, and the harvest will not please the scale and quality. What is the danger weed in the garden? We will consider species, photos of these plants, names in this article.
Weed in the garden, photo
Today, weeds are those plants that grow randomly in a summer cottage, do not represent any nutritional value and harm the growth of planted crops. According to experts, more than 3,000 weeds have been studied, some of which are dangerous to humans.
Can we get rid of weeds? No matter how sad it may sound, but this can only be done for a while, since it will not be possible to completely destroy the pests. They get to the summer cottage in several ways:
- Through the ground. Living in the soil, the spores of some weeds expect favorable conditions for germination and active growth. This is usually after the rains.
- Through organic fertilizers. If you use manure or compost in the country, make sure that the top dressing goes through all the necessary cleaning and proper processing.
- Through poor planting material. Seeds or seedlings bought from the wild market can become carriers of harmful weeds that are not so easy to remove. Therefore, it is recommended to purchase planting material only in specialized stores.
- Through the wind Even if you perfectly cleaned your territory, uprooted all the weeds, there is no guarantee that weed seeds will not migrate to you again. For this, one gust of wind is enough.
Agronomists notice that not all weeds are harmful. There are plants that benefit the suburban area. For example, there are weeds with large, powerful horses. It is able to break the soil into small pieces, preventing the formation of large compactions. Or there are plants with very deep roots that reach for rare nutrients. Such a weed, if pulled out, can be a good fertilizer for your garden.
What harm do weeds cause? The main points can be highlighted:
- Reduce productivity, prevent the active growth of crops.
- Throw harmful, dangerous substances into the ground.
- They consume a large amount of nutrients and moisture, depriving planted plants of this.
- They make a big shadow which is not always useful on the territory.
- They are the cause of various diseases and insect attacks, since pests most often live in weeds.
Types of weeds, their photos and names
Let's look at the most popular and dangerous weeds that can harm the entire site.
Ambrosia. The most famous and common enemy of all gardeners. In addition to the fact that ragweed does not allow the culture to break through and get stronger, a large amount of this weed can cause severe allergies. It is important for each owner of the site to make every effort to remove all the ragweed near the beds, the fence and the house. Digging the soil and treating it with chemicals also helps.
Ambrosia
Wheatgrass. Quite tenacious plant, which is difficult to get rid of. Its advantage is excellent survivability, therefore, even after rolling, you can only aggravate the situation by provoking the reproduction of the plant throughout the territory. Wheatgrass lives on the surface of the earth, rooting deep down. How to get rid of weeds? The main rule is to avoid severe waterlogging, as this will cause active growth. What the wheatgrass is afraid of is drought and strong chemicals.
Quinoa. This weed grows on any land, even if it is unfavorable. Quinoa, although it spoils the crop, drowning it out with its tall stems, is a medicinal plant that is used for compresses. Getting rid of the quinoa is quite simple, which pleases many summer residents - just uproot it.
To fight weeds in your summer cottage, you can use one or several methods at once:
- Mechanical. Includes weeding, mowing or trimming grass. In this method, quality plays a big role, otherwise the weeds will begin to grow again.
- Chemical. Treatment of plants with all currently known herbicides and chemicals.
- Biological. Actions that are aimed at slowing down the growth of a plant or burning it out.
Now you know everything about the weed in the garden. Kinds, photos of these plants, the names are presented on our website and will help you find them in your summer cottage.
weed plants
Types of weeds on the lawn
For the effective destruction of weeds on the lawn, it is not necessary to understand in detail their specific types and varieties, some basic knowledge is enough.
Annual and perennial weeds
First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between annual and perennial weeds.
Annuals often appear when the lawn has only recently been planted.
Further, if you carefully monitor the lawn, feed, water and mow the grass in time before the weeds have time to seed, then they practically do not appear anymore. There are a lot of types of such weeds, but among the most common:
- Quinoa is a dicotyledonous plant with large arrow-shaped whole leaf plates, occasionally painted in silver, high branched stems and a powerful root system.
- Wild radish is a weed with large pinnately branched leaves, small yellow four-petalled flowers and pod fruits.
- Shepherd's purse is a fairly tall plant (up to 60 cm) with a tap root system, oblong and serrated leaves and small white flowers on pedicels.
The peculiarity of the weed is flowering and fruiting all season, as well as long-term preservation of seeds in the ground.
- Highlander is an upright or creeping branched weed on a lawn with a tap root system, whole arrow-shaped leaves and nut fruits, which can form up to several thousand on one plant.
Photos of annual weeds are presented below:
See also: lawn rust
Perennial weeds in the lawn
How do you get rid of perennial weeds in your lawn?
With them, mowing and maintaining a healthy lawn is no longer enough, and the application of herbicides is usually also required.
And while broadleaf dicotyledonous plants can do this at any time needed, weed control should be done even before the lawn is planted.
The reason for this is that lawn grasses are also cereals, and treatment against grass weeds will destroy the lawn.
Common perennials:
- Dandelion is a well-known plant with a long root (up to half a meter), a hollow arrow-shaped stem, a basal rosette of feathery leaves, bright yellow flowers-baskets and achene fruits equipped with volutes.
Effective measures to combat dandelion on the lawn are pruning its root system and mowing during the period of active flowering.
- Thistle is a thorny herbaceous weed with narrow feathery leaves, purplish-purple buds, and characteristic, finely toothed fruits that can tangle with animals and spread over large areas.
- Thistle is a weed plant with a branched tap root system, which can go 5-7 m deep for 2-3 years, purple inflorescences, elongated leaves and achene fruits.
- Ivy Budra is a creeping plant with a stem up to half a meter long, rooting shoots, rounded leaves on elongated petioles and medium-sized tubular flowers of purple-lilac tones.
Before trying to get rid of ivy-shaped borax on the lawn with chemicals (boron-containing ones are usually used), you should try to defeat it by periodically mowing.
Photos of perennial weeds are presented below:
Another unwanted guest on the lawn is nettles. This stinging herbaceous plant has whole leaves with teeth along the edges, white or pinkish spike-shaped inflorescences and dry, flat nutlets.
Control measures are herbicide treatment and good lawn grass care, which is sometimes easier to achieve by contacting lawn care companies.
After you understand what kind of weeds you are facing, you need to understand in detail how we will deal with weeds.
We will talk about this in more detail in the article "How to deal with weeds on the lawn".
Weeding. How to properly weed weeds?
Weed control is hard work that takes a lot of time and effort from gardeners. However, the destruction of weeds is necessary so as not to lose part of the crop. Weeds are characterized by the fact that they multiply rapidly, pull useful substances from the soil and displace cultivated plants.
To make weeding less laborious, you must adhere to the following rules:
- constantly remove weeds from the beds, without postponing this work for later;
- when weeding fragile seedlings, pull out weeds with your hands so as not to damage the cultivated plant;
- after watering or rain, pulling out weeds is much easier;
- do not forget to loosen the ground between the rows of vegetables;
- mulch beds.
Mulch prevents the germination of weeds;
- do not leave the land empty. It is better to plant green manure (annual plants that are planted to improve the chemical composition and structure of the soil) on the dug up land;
- do not allow weeds to bloom and form seeds.
Otherwise, next year, all the seeds that fall into the ground will germinate;
- do not make many paths in the garden. They can become overgrown with weeds;
- hand weeding is more efficient than with a hoe;
- you can use herbicides. They come in different actions: some affect only weeds, others also affect cultivated ones.
Use only those that destroy weeds;
- before applying herbicides, treat the garden with ammonium nitrate or diluted mullein.
This enhances the growth of weeds and the effect of herbicides on them;
- many weed seeds are dispersed by the wind.
Weeds: photos and names
Therefore, it is necessary to deal with them mainly at the boundaries of the site, between outbuildings;
- if the site is overgrown with weeds, then in the fall you should dig it without turning over the layers. It is better to use a pitchfork for this, so as not to cut the rhizomes of the weeds.
With this approach, seeds, plant roots and sprouts will die from frost. In the spring, it will be necessary to re-dig up the site.
family crosses
The Cruciferae family includes herbaceous plants with alternative leaves, without any conditions.
Flowers in hands are regular, free wallets and free goods. The four hotels exchange four lanes that intersect. Stamens six, four longer and two outer shorter. It is variegated with a bicuspid ovary separated by a false septum. At the bottom of the patch are nectars. The fruits are under or under, multi-functional, cracked on two leaves, or divided into whitening segments.
It is rare to eat fruit with one seed. Seeds of crosses without endosperm with a curved embryo are rich in oil. In identifying plants, along with other organs, it is an important fruit. The family has a lot of weeds and cultivated plants - oilseeds.
More than 2000 cross species are known.
crustaceans
Brassica oleracea (Figure 1) is a biennial plant that develops fleshy stems and succulent leaves in its first year.
In the second year, the cabbage is planted in deep-sea fertilized areas to produce seeds. Its stems reach 60-120 cm. The upper leaves of the cabbage are fixed, oblong, teeth, mandibular, litrate.
The leaves are covered with a waxy coating, they are bare, shiny. Light yellow flowers sit in elongated, sparse racemes. Sepals, like stamens, are in an upright position.
Prussians are oblong, vertical, noble, seeds are spherical, brownish, smooth. The valve on the fetus is one median vein. Cabbage is one of the most important plants.
Figure 1. Crucifixion.
I - type of cabbage: 1 - white head; 2 - Savoy; 3 - color; 4 - Brussels; 5 - kohlrabi; 6 sheets. II - cabbage structure: 1 - head in section; 2 - flowering; 3 - color; 4 - petals; 5 - columns and piles; 6, 7 - lines.
Cabbage has many varieties and varieties that are very different from each other, which is a consequence of the goals and methods of cultivation. In addition to the many varieties of white-red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var sapitata), a variation of varieties (varietas) is designated by the Latin alphabet - var.): Ohrovata (var.
sabauda) with folded leaves folded into a loose head; Brussels sprouts (var gemmifera) with lots of small bacon trees sitting around the stem; kohlrabi (var gongyloides) with a highly concentrated fleshy ball; Cauliflower cauliflower with a mass of white undeveloped fleshy flowers sitting on fleshy succulent florets surrounded by green leaves; leafy cabbage (var.
acephala) used in animal feed.
Cultivation follows from other cross cultures.
Rep (Brassica rapa var. Rapifera) is grown as plant plant and as forage (tail or fodder beet). The plant is two years old.
Brucka (Brassica napus var.
esculenta) - plant and plant. The roots have a wrinkled surface.
Oilseed rapeseed (Brassica napus var.
oleifera) is an annual plant with a thin root. The seeds contain 35 to 55% fatty oil. There is a rainy spring and winter.
This plant is also found in the wild as a weed and is the closest relative of the rutabaga.
Vegetable plants grow garden garden (Raphanus sativus), which occurs in two varieties: radish (R. sativus var.niger) and radish (R. sativus var. Radicola).
White mustard (Sinapis alba), black mustard (S. nigra) and mustard (S. junceae) are grown for their oil-rich seeds. In addition to oils, it is also used to make a cake (for mustard).
Mustard white is used as a good honey factory.
There are many weeds.
Wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) (Fig. 2, I) is a weed that often occurs on spring plants in the Chernozem zone, although it occurs in more northern areas. The plant is an annual, up to 30-60 cm tall, with stems and leaves covered with hard hairs. The lower leaves are mostly lyre, basal with ears, upper and middle oval, serrated.
Yellow flowers are collected in apical and axillary arms, bent perpendicularly with them. Ponds with a decaying tip, sharp spikes along the edges, shorter than the fruit.
Fruit valves with three straight veins that open; the seeds are black, smooth, some of them get into the grain and partially decompose. Seeds remain germinating for up to seven years, and in the soil without loss of germination, they can lie up to ten years.
Figure 2. Crucifixion.
I am a wild mustard.
II - wild radish: 1 - blooming shooter and leaf; 2 - flower; 3 - stems and fist; 4 - partially under. III - common sturgeon. IV - sowing seeds. V is a shepherd. VI - field: 1 - escape; 2 - small floor.
Radha wild (Raphanus raphanistrum) (Fig. 2, II) is a one-year-old weevil 30-40 cm, very common in spring crops. The stem is straight, branched, covered with sparse and hard hair.
The leaves are hidden, uneven. The flowers are usually cross-shaped, the petals are bright yellow, with dark yellow or purple veins, the cup is pressed against the flowers.
The fruits are clearly swollen, they are torn into separate segments during ripening, at the top - with a flash. The plant is dirty.
For legume weeds, cressifer includes various types of bittercress (Barbara), arable land (Sisymbrium), kernel (cardamine), Arabis (Arabis), Erysimum (Erysimum) and others.
factory plants plant and name
Of these, biennial and perennial weeds are common in crops: common rape (Barbarea vulgaris); a plant with a pleasant smell, a vegetable. Decorative crucifix that has fragrance are Mathliola, Lacfiol (Cheiranthus), Vespers (Hesperis) which are also found in nature.
screw factories
Camelina sativa (Fig. 2, IV) - annual or two years old, 30-100 cm high, appears as weeds in spring and winter crops.
Winter forms produce rose leaves in autumn, and they grow in spring. Spring spring begins with their development. The stems are flat, the leaves on the stem are sagittal, sessile. The inflorescence is a brush. Flowers golden yellow. The pods are pearl-shaped, with a wide septum, the valves are convex, at the upper end there are processes.
Seeds are small and red. In spring crops, there is the species Camelina sativa var. glabrata. Camelina is common in the south and is grown locally like an oil refinery. It is similar to weeds in linen (S. sativa var., Iinicola).
Sheep bag (Capsella bursa pastoris) (Fig. 2, V) is an annual or biennial small plant that grows everywhere on weeds, on roads and in fields.
When developing as a two-year-old, deciduous pine leaves with triangular serrated shells have a rosette and small superimposed leaves with a notch at the edge.
The inflorescence is a brush, the flowers are small, white, the plant is naked or with hair. The fruits are concentrated in the shape of a heart, triangular, flattened by a seam, perpendicular to the septum, and the septum is already a small base.
Field field (Thlaspi arvense) (Fig. 2, VI) grows in the same place as the shepherd. The leaves of Seli are elongated, sessile, serrated, with a leaf base, the leaves of the rosette are petiolate, twisted.
The stem is crushed. The plant is naked, yellowish green. The tassel at the top bears small white crosses, which later turn into threads, oval spheres, with apricot accessories. The barrier in the old one is already a fruit, since the fruits are located perpendicular to the partition. In the nest for 6-7 seeds.
Everywhere along the roads, along the ditches, there is a gray-green horn (Berteroa incana), which also has fruit trees. Spreading the crop results in damage.
Kruhovniki are horseradish (Cochlearia armoracia), clippers (Lepidium) and cereals (Draba). The fruits are elliptical with convex leaves. The fetal septum is equal to the width of the stretch because the fetus is parallel to the septum (as in ginger).
Orekplodnye Cruciferous
Eastern Sverbig (Bunias orientalis) is located along roads, in fallow fields. Large biennial cross-plant with a branched stem, leaves separated from the jaw, triangular upper slit and spear-like base.
The upper leaves are narrowed, lanceolate. The plant is rough, with yellow flowers of fragrant mills and spherical uneven fruits, two nests and I doubt it.
Weida dye (Isatis tinctoria) seems to be wild in the southern part of the former USSR, it was produced to produce blue.
See also:
cabbage
Poisoning animals by rape
radish
familiar family
Which witch plant is placed in his potion to calm down
How cows ate stupidly
Poisonous herb of the Solanaceae family
The poisonous plant that poisoned the sap by Hamlet's father
Plant of the Solanaceae family, poisonous
During the Middle Ages in Germany, the seeds of this plant were used to increase the intoxicating effects of drinks.
medicinal plant
Things that can be overloaded
medicinal herb
toxic plant
weed weed
Greenhouse
toxic weeds
Feeling the grass
An herb that "penetrates" the mind
A plant whose seeds were added to beer in the Middle Ages
Pleasant odor smell
infectious healing herb
Herbal herb with amazing smell
toxic weeds
Toxic plant of this family.
solanaceous
Conventional medicine that sometimes ignores the appearance of an idiot in the eyes of other people
Toxic weed seed
Pleasure of the garden: name, general types and struggle with them
An herb that "penetrates" the mind
weeds
Weed grass, weeds are not in vain derived from the word "litter". Any owner of the site, seeing this "army of invaders" is ready to fight them to the last, but no one can finally defeat the weeds.
They are not watered, they are not loosened, they are not fed, unlike cultivated plants, but they grow, bloom and scatter their seeds in tens of thousands.
For me, the problem of weeding in the beds was not particularly difficult, but when I planted a raspberry plantation in several thousand bushes, I had to study this topic thoroughly.
Raspberries do not tolerate weeds and begin to get sick due to the fact that they lack moisture, although the plantation is under drip irrigation, nutrients and free space.
Water, top dressing, a place under the sun, all this methodically and brazenly captured the weed. In addition, any weed grass is a refuge for insect pests and their offspring, which are also enough.
I had to weed, and manually, almost weekly, and each time it was a new type of weed.
By studying their biological characteristics, I now know at what time this or that species grows, how to have time to prevent the rhizomes from growing, which weed is the most dangerous, and which one can be used to make a medicinal decoction.
The article will describe the most common weeds that are found in almost all regions of the country and they are all familiar to me not from pictures.
Weeds are plants that have the highest survival rate. They grow on any soil, their seeds are volatile and spread over long distances, and the number is hundreds of times greater than the number of seeds of any cultivated plant.
They can stay in the ground for several years without losing their germination. In the spring, they are the first to break out of the ground, their roots can go deep into several meters. They adapt to any adverse conditions, tenacious and indestructible.
The damage they do is enormous.
- Absorb water and nutrients from the soil;
- They choke plants and reduce yields;
- Clog agricultural areas, especially grain crops;
- They pollinate cultivated plants, reducing their varietal qualities;
- They are a source of diseases and reproduction of pests;
- May cause poisoning in animals.
But weeds can be useful to humans. Many weeds are used as medicinal raw materials: burdock, cornflowers, mother and stepmother, nettle.
They can be used to judge the state of the soil: on soils with high acidity, horsetail, wood lice, plantain and sorrel grow, on depleted soils - immortelle, moss and lichens, and shepherd's purse and chamomile signal that everything is in order with the soil. Mowed weeds can be used as mulch or compost.
Weed types
Weeds are classified according to several parameters.
According to the duration of the life cycle, weeds are juvenile, which are divided into annuals and biennials and perennials. Juveniles reproduce by seeds, perennials - vegetatively and by seeds, the life of perennial weeds is up to 4-5 years.
In addition to the duration of the life cycle, weeds are divided according to the method of reproduction and the method of nutrition. They are also divided according to the place of growth: garden and lawn.
Each of the species has its own specific characteristics and, only knowing this, it is possible to successfully deal with their "invasion" in vegetable gardens and orchards.
Creeping wheatgrass
Creeping couch grass (popular name - dandur) refers to cereal weeds. If he appeared in the garden, it is necessary to take emergency measures. It is not for nothing that in translation from Latin the plant has the name "fire of the fields."
Wheatgrass has very long roots, up to 15 meters, similar to cords, thanks to which it draws water from the soil, quickly takes all the nutrients, depletes the soil and crowds out other plants.
It is almost impossible to uproot it to the end, only with the help of deep digging. Grows everywhere, does not freeze. In wheat fields, it can reduce yields by up to 500 kg per hectare.
Hedgehog or chicken millet
Cereal weed, prefers beds with carrots, beets, heavily infests sunflower fields. With regular rains, it grows and “suppresses” the young sprouts of cultivated plants. Breaks out easily along with the roots. Prefers irrigated soils, warm climate.
It develops later than other weeds, so you can lose your vigilance and not notice how it has spread to beds with vegetables and potatoes. Extremely hardy, even bits of cut weed can take root.
A torn and withered plant can recover on damp soils by putting out adventitious roots. It is a noxious weed in rice fields.
Purslane garden
An annual plant with branching stems that grow and can cover a large area. It is distributed in the southern regions of the country, since a warm, humid climate is necessary for growth. The leaves are fleshy, thick. It blooms with small yellow flowers, honey plant.
Seeds are in a box that bursts and they scatter up to 3 meters. It is drought-resistant, does not take out a shade, is not exacting to the soil. Used in folk medicine.
Mokritsa, asterisk
There are about 10 varieties of woodlice, it can be annual and perennial. The first shoots break through in early spring, and after a couple of weeks, the wood lice covers the garden area with a solid carpet. It reproduces very quickly, dropping seeds 2 times per season, up to 25,000 pieces.
Blooms with small white flowers. Crops of carrots, beets, parsley suffer the most from it. People say that in order for the wood lice to leave the garden, you need to eat a few of its leaves.
You have to fight it all summer long. In the old days, it predicted what the weather would be like. If the flowers do not open in the morning, it will rain.
Dodder
One of the most dangerous enemies on the site is dodder. It is also called garden confusion or yellow web. It does not have roots and leaves, and cannot exist without a donor plant. Wrapping around the plant, it begins to drink its juice, clinging to it with the help of suction cups.
There are more than 200 varieties of dodder; flaxseed, clover, European and thyme species grow only in the Moscow region.
Very tenacious, the seeds can wait in the wings in the ground for 5-6 years, and its scraps on the soil surface remain viable for about a month. Poisonous, transmits viral diseases to plants, causes death of livestock.
Mary white (quinoa)
The quinoa is represented by 250 varieties, in Russia the most common is the sprawling quinoa. The plant can reach 1.5 meters in height, the roots are not deepened, so it is easy to remove it.
Leaves - with a whitish coating, as if sprinkled with flour, so it is often called "flour grass". It produces hundreds of thousands of seeds per season, which germinate at different times.
Used in herbal medicine as an antibacterial and laxative, it is an allergen. It is used in cooking as an additive to salads and soups.
Svinoroy
The weed got its name from the ability of shoots to burrow into the ground to form new roots, and then resurface to form leaves. Shoots spread over the soil surface very quickly, displacing not only cultivated plants, but also other weeds.
Prefers hot climates, drought tolerant. It is especially dangerous on cotton and grape plantations. It can be eradicated only by repeated deep plowing with the obligatory "combing" of the soil. The roots are used in diuretic preparations.
Thistle
Thistle (thistle) is one of the most prickly weeds in the plots, it is ubiquitous, it is often confused with prickly tartar, but these are different plants. The thistle has an amazing property: in sunny weather, its spines diverge to the sides, and in cloudy weather they press against the flower basket.
The plant is considered a magical talisman that protects against love spells and the evil eye. According to popular beliefs, he likes to grow up near the houses of evil people. It grows up to 2 meters, has sharp, long spines.
It is widely used in pharmacology as a remedy for bronchitis, hemorrhoids, headaches, and memory disorders.
hogweed
One of the most dangerous for human health is the weed plant hogweed. In the post-war period, cow parsnip was grown as a fodder plant for livestock on the orders of Stalin, but this was soon abandoned, as cows' milk became bitter.
Today, in different countries there are State programs for the fight against hogweed, which grows wild in our country in the Central regions, in the Urals, in Siberia. Only in the Moscow region 16 thousand hectares are infected with hogweed.
The plant is perennial, grows up to 3 meters, tolerates frosts down to -10°C and heat up to +40°C, outwardly looks like a giant dill. All parts of the plant are poisonous; upon contact with it, poorly healing burns occur on the skin, fatal cases have been recorded with a large affected area.
Ambrosia
In the south of the country, the most noxious weed is ragweed. For cultivated plants, there is no water or nutrients left next to it; as a rule, they die. One ragweed bush produces up to 200 thousand seeds that do not lose their germination for several years.
Pollen is especially dangerous for humans, which causes an acute allergic reaction in the form of shortness of breath, high fever, lacrimation, and can provoke an asthma attack.
