DIY wall blocks at home. Production of concrete blocks and forms for them. Making aerated concrete with your own hands

Cinder block is one of the most popular building materials. It is made by the method of vibrocompression from a concrete solution. A wide variety of buildings are being built from cinder blocks - from sheds and garages to residential buildings.

Planning to build something out of cinder blocks? Make them yourself! There is nothing complicated in the production technology of these concrete blocks. You need to thoroughly understand the order of work, find out the basic requirements and withstand the recipe.

The dimensions of the cinder block are standardized - 188 x 190 x 390 mm. Each block has holes. Usually there are 3 of them. For the manufacture of building elements, a mixture of cement grade not lower than M400, blast furnace slag and coarse sand is used. Often additional fillers and plasticizers are added.

It is possible to make blocks both manually using molds, and using equipment with the function of vibrocompression.

On average, one bag of cement is enough to make 36 blocks. The savings are obvious.

The cinder block must have the correct geometry. Even small irregularities will lead to a deterioration in the quality of the masonry. To get even blocks, the forms need to be filled not just to the brim, but with a small slide, because. during vibration, the concrete will slightly shake and settle.

Prices for different types of building blocks

Building blocks

How to prepare a solution?

There is no universal composition of the solution for the manufacture of cinder blocks - each master has his own unique recipe. In general, it is necessary to focus on the features of the composition of the slag.

Components	Volume, l, per block	Dry block compressive strength, kg/cm2	Frost resistance of the finished block, cycles	The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the finished cinder block
Slag up to 8 mm	10	30-40	30	0.35-0,4
Sand up to 3 mm	1,8
Cement	2,75
Water	1,5

There is a standard "factory" recipe, you can focus on it. The proportions are as follows:

slag - 7 parts;
sand - 2 parts;
cement - 1.5 parts;
water - 1.5-3 parts. More details about determining the required amount of water will be discussed below.

Helpful advice! Previously, the standard dimensions of cinder blocks were given. However, for private development it is more convenient to use products with dimensions of 400x200x200 mm.

In addition to slag, such blocks can include ash, sawdust, gypsum, broken bricks, coal combustion products, gravel and other similar materials.

Pay special attention to determining the required volume of water. It must be added so much that the products do not spread after formation.

You can do a simple test. Throw a handful of the solution on the ground or other surface. If it crumbles, but when compressed back by hands, it reunites into a single mass - the consistency is optimal.

Making cinder blocks by hand

If not too large-scale construction is planned, blocks can be made without a vibropress.

We make a form

We collect the form with dimensions of 40x20x20 cm. If you wish, you can adjust the dimensions at your discretion. For the manufacture of molds, we use metal sheets or wooden boards.

The design is extremely simple: bottom and side walls. We fix the walls taking into account the selected width and length of the block. The height of the form faces must also correspond to the planned height of the building elements.

Helpful advice! You can make molds with cells for the simultaneous production of 4-6 blocks - very convenient. It is only necessary to increase the length and width of the outer faces and install partitions between them.

Prepare empty glass bottles. You will use them to create voids in blocks.

Pour blocks

Pour the solution evenly into the mold to the brim.

We place the bottles with the neck up in the poured mass. Level the surface of the fill, removing excess mortar.

We wait about 5 hours and get the bottles. We leave the cinder blocks in the forms for a day, after which we carefully take them out and lay them out on a horizontal surface in piles.

We leave the blocks to dry for a month. Only after the specified time, the material can be used for construction.

Helpful advice! During drying, cover the blocks with plastic wrap. It will protect products from cracking during the heat and will not let them get wet in case of rain.

We make cinder blocks on the machine

The machine allows you to significantly increase productivity. The equipment has a fairly simple design.

We assemble the machine

The main element of a home-made vibrocompression machine is a form (matrix) for cinder concrete mortar. By design, this form is metal box with internal elements in the form of voids. The void spacers can also be removable.

Work set includes the following materials and tools:

First step. We make a form according to the size of future blocks. We cut out the side faces of the matrix from sheet steel. We will make the form immediately for 2 blocks. To do this, we cut out the inner central partition from steel and fix it in the box.

Second step. Determine the height of the elements for the design of voids.

Important! In accordance with the technology, the height of the voids should be such that the bottom wall has a thickness of 3 cm or more.

Third step. We cut off 6 pieces of pipe along the length of the restrictor cylinders to form voids.

Fourth step. We give the pipes a conical shape. To do this, we cut each piece of pipe longitudinally to the middle, crimp it with a vise and connect it using a welding machine. each cone on both ends.

Fifth step. We connect the limiters in a row along the long edge of the cinder block. We add along the edges of the row along a plate of 3 cm thickness with holes for fastening with eyes.

Sixth step. We make cuts in the middle of each such compartment. From the reverse side of the form we weld the eyes. They will allow temporary fastening of elements to create voids. A very convenient solution - it will be possible to remove the cylinders and make monolithic blocks.

Machine for cinder blocks compact (press from above)

Seventh step. Outside one of the transverse walls, we weld 4 bolts for the mounting holes of the vibration motor.

Eighth step. By welding, we attach an apron and blades along the edges from the loading side.

Ninth step. We prepare all structural elements for painting - we clean them and carefully polish them.

Tenth step. We do a press. It will look like a plate with holes that repeat the location of the holes in the block.

Important! The diameter of the holes on the plate should exceed the same parameter for the recesses in the block by about 0.5 cm.

We make the plate of this size and fix it in such a way that it can go deep into the box at the place where the limiters are installed by 5-7 cm.

In conclusion, it remains to weld the handles to the press, cover the structure with a primer mixture and mount the vibration motor.

An ordinary electric motor can be turned into a suitable vibration motor. To do this, it is necessary to weld eccentrics to the motor shafts. We won’t bother much - we’ll just weld the bolts so that their axes coincide. To regulate the frequency and strength of vibration, we wind the nuts onto the welded bolts.

Prices for machines for cinder blocks

Cinder block machine

Making blocks

Recommendations for the preparation of the solution were given above. You can use the standard recipe or modify it to your liking. The main thing is to get optimal viscosity. It can be determined "by eye" - a lump of the mixture must hold its shape steadily.

Before loading the mixture, lubricate the contact metal planes with oil. Due to this, the solution will not stick to the iron.

We put the finished mixture in the matrix and proceed to pressing.

We install the filled forms on the vibrating plate and let it compact the solution for 5-15 seconds. After the specified time, add more solution to the form, because. previously loaded will inevitably settle.

We repeat the process, only this time we do not turn off the vibrating plate until the clamp reaches the limiters. We remove the form until the machine stops.

We give the blocks 1-3 days for primary drying, carefully remove them from the blocks, lay them out on a flat horizontal surface and cover with plastic wrap. You can use the material for its intended purpose no earlier than a month later.

Successful work!

Video - Making cinder blocks with your own hands

Cinder block is one of the most requested materials for the construction of walls of one-story buildings. It is distinguished by its low cost and the possibility of its independent production at home.

Cinder block - wall stone

This construction material intended for low-rise construction. There is an opinion that if cement of a “high” grade is included in the mixture, then a solid foundation for a bathhouse or a house can be made from home-made blocks. However, the foundation blocks must withstand huge loads, so the blocks should be purchased at the factory, and not made independently.

Cinder blocks are:

hollow;
corpulent.

Due to sufficient strength characteristics, solid cinder blocks are used for cladding and construction bearing walls, as well as partitions. At the same time, hollow products have good heat and sound insulation. Due to voids, raw materials are significantly saved, which means that the cost of production is much lower.

Cinder blocks are also used as an additional insulation in the construction of frames.

How to knead a solution to create a cinder block?

The name of the building material "cinder block" speaks for itself. This means that the main component of the solution will be the slag obtained in the blast furnace, which should be sieved through a special sifter (sieve).

We will need:

7 parts of the main filler (they will serve as slag);
2 shares of gravel having fractions of 5-15 mm;
one and a half parts of cement (it is best to take the brand M 400, 500);
about 3 parts water.

In addition to slag, other components can also act as the main element: clay, expanded clay, sand, gravel, crushed stone, gypsum and many others. It should be noted that if you have chosen blast-furnace slag as a filler, then other additives are prohibited to use. If you want to get a colored cinder block, then you can add chalk or red bricks brought to small crumbs into the solution (they should be crushed).

In addition, during the production of cinder blocks, make sure that the solution does not spread.

Name of components	Qty components	Density, kg/m3	Water absorption, %	Мрз, cycles not less than	Compressive strength, kg/cm2
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Crushed stone, kg (m3) Water, l (depending on the humidity of the components)	500 900 (0,52) 900 (0,52) 100...200	2350	4	200	410
Cement, kg Screenings, kg (m3) Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	500 920 (0,54) 1150 (0,7) 100...200	2160	4,5	200	400
Cement, kg Sand, kg (m3) Water, l	600 1550 (0,9) 100...190	2200	5,3	200	436

Tip for obtaining durable blocks: a plasticizer must be added to the solution (you can buy it at any hardware store). Then you will get not only durable, but also frost-resistant and waterproof blocks.

When you are going to independently establish the process of creating cinder blocks, you should understand that there is no universal solution recipe. Each master, through trial and error, selects his own unique formula. If you are a beginner, you can resort to the standard.

Prices for plasticizer for concrete

plasticizer for concrete

Cinder block production methods

There are two ways to get such blocks on your site.

With the help of formwork, that is, a form made of lumber or steel sheets.
Based on the work of a special machine.

Video - Making a cinder block by hand

Video - Cinder block walking mobile machine

Video - Cinder block making machine

Tools and materials for the production of blocks:

forms (wood or metal), or vibration machines;
2,3,4 - pallet blanks. 5,6,7 - framing the matrix from below (corner 25x25). 8 - bar for fastening voids. 9 - void. 10 - the upper plug of the void. 11 - lower plug of the void
concrete mixer;
spatula for leveling;
shovel for pouring mortar;
solution.

Prices for cement-sand mixture

cement-sand mixture

Instructions for making your own mold

The design of the form has the following form: bottom and side walls. Between a pair of transverse boards or sheets of metal, you should fix the crossbars at the distance you need. Maintain a step corresponding to the size of the required cinder block.

Since it will be difficult to get the finished product out of the mold, the design of the container must be collapsible. For production efficiency, make formwork designed to receive 4-6 cinder blocks.

To make a mold in order to create cinder blocks, you will need:

sheets of iron 3 mm thick;
iron strips 5 mm (several pieces);
cylinders, 4 cm in diameter;
welding machine;
Bulgarian;
chalk for marking.

Prices for a welding machine

welding machine

Stages of manufacturing a single detachable metal mold

Step 1. We mark the sheet according to the size of the blocks: we need two longitudinal sides and two transverse ones. We cut our plates with a grinder.

The width of the longitudinal plate is 210 mm, the length is 450 mm, the transverse plate is 210 by 220 mm.

Step 2 Wings, 3.5 cm high, should be welded to the bottom of the mold for the cinder block so that the mold does not travel, and a handle to quickly release the poured solution from the mold.

Step 3 Notches are made along the contour of the transverse and longitudinal walls in order to hook the mold on the longitudinally installed walls.

Step 4. We collect our form.

Step 5. To create voids in the cinder block, we make hinged cylinders. They must be welded to a plate 3-4 mm thick, which should seem to penetrate the cylinders closer to the top. We make notches on the end walls of our container to hook them.

Video - Do-it-yourself mold for cinder blocks

Production of cinder blocks using a split mold

Forms have any dimensions. Standard sizes structures 90x190x188 mm, in private construction other sizes can be used, for example, 40x20x20 cm. In order to save material, it is better to use molds with cells of 4-6 blocks and cylinders (squares) to create cavities.

A metal self-made form (detachable) has the following appearance.

Consider the phased process of manufacturing cinder blocks.

Step 1. We mix the solution in a concrete mixer.

Step 2 Pour the mixture into our mold with a shovel. In this case, the mixture is thick. You can also use a liquid solution.

Step 3 Be sure to ensure that the solution fills the container evenly. To do this, we tamp the filled solution. We control the filling of the form to the brim. Aligning upper layer using a spatula.

Step 4 If the solution is dry, then a special lid should be used, the holes in which will block the bayonets in the mold. This device will help to compact our cinder block. For a liquid solution, such a cover is not used.

Step 5 We move our block to an open area for the purpose of further storage. After 30-40 minutes, remove the bottom, sides and top cover. For a better extraction of the cinder block, we will beat the walls and the longitudinal strip with the cylinders on top with an ordinary hammer.

Step 6 For complete drying, we need at least a day.

Production of cinder blocks using a vibrating machine

Step 1. We knead our solution, taking into account the proportions. Particular attention should be paid to the right amount of water, because the cinder blocks should not spread when you remove them from the mold.

kneading

In order to find out the correct consistency of the mixture, conduct a small test. Squeeze the solution in your hand: if it connects in it, and does not blur when it falls to the ground, this is a good and correct solution.

Step 2. We fill our form with a solution, with a slide.

Step 3 . We turn on the machine for 2-4 seconds, after which the loaded composition will be compacted. We level the mixture with our hands so that the iron pins (cylinders) are visible.

Step 4 If there is not enough mixture in the mold, it needs to be supplemented, the clamp is inserted and the vibrator is turned on again. The completion of the formation is evidenced by the sediment of the clamp on the limiters.

Step 5 . Our vibroform should again be switched on for 6-10 s.

Step 6 . We close the top with a lid with holes for the cylinders. And we make another ramming by raising and lowering the lid 4-5 times.

Step 7 . Then, without turning off the machine, the form is removed - it is enough to take the machine to you.

Up to 500 cinder blocks can be produced per shift using a vibrating machine.

Step 8 . We dry the blocks for 5-10 days. The complete hardening of the resulting building materials will be completed after a month, while the humidity should be high and the air warm.

Step 9. After a day, the blocks can be transferred to storage places (they will not be broken), but they can only be placed together after a week. And if you still add a plasticizer to the solution, then after 6-8 hours they can be moved and stored.

Of course, it is not worth buying a vibrating machine for a single production, but special attention should be paid to tamping when creating cinder blocks (the quality of the product depends on this process). In this case, you can use a conventional grinding vibrator, on which it is enough to place our mold with the mixture.

Video - Production of cinder blocks using a vibrator

Features of storage of cinder blocks

The received products are stored in pyramidal piles, one hundred pieces at a time.

At the same time, they fit with small intervals. It is enough for you to dry the material for a couple of months, then you can start building a bathhouse, an extension or a barn.

What are the features of the production of cinder block?

In the production of cinder blocks, special attention should be paid to drying. So, for example, any dent or unevenness will spoil the building material. Another requirement for the quality of the material is the geometry. A large number of irregularities and flaws is a prerequisite for increased costs for finishing the erected walls. Therefore, in order for the product to turn out even, it is necessary to fill the form or vibroform to the brim. Do not skimp on pouring the solution with a slide, because the vibration will shake your mixture.

For better plasticity, when mixing the solution, do not forget to fill in the plasticizer at the rate of 5 g per block. This will save the product from possible cracks, increase strength and frost resistance. For building small bath You can knead the solution manually, but a concrete mixer will help speed up the process. It is enough for you to buy or borrow for a while a small unit with a capacity of 02-0.5 cubic meters. m.

Video - Homemade concrete mixer

Before preparing the mixture, the slag is moistened 5-6 hours before. This will allow you to better bind the grains of cement and fractions of the filler. It should be noted that if you are filling wooden or metal molds without the possibility of vibrating, the mixture should be watery.

Pros and cons of using cinder blocks

The advantages of cinder block should include:

possibility of manufacturing suburban area or in a private house;
drying of the material can take place both in an autoclave ( industrial production) as well as outdoors(when self-produced);
a cinder block building carries minimal heat loss;
the material is inexpensive;
the construction of the building is carried out quickly, given the large size of the blocks;
when mixing the solution, you can, by changing the proportions, give it certain qualities;
You can produce a cinder block of any size.

Disadvantages of cinder block:

low frost resistance, but with the use of a special additive they can be increased;
there are doubts in terms of environmental friendliness, especially for products made on the basis of blast-furnace slag;
As for the liquid absorption characteristics, the material has strong moisture absorption and requires special protective coatings;
fragility (this material is clearly not suitable for the construction of skyscrapers).

The blocks made with the addition of cement have the highest strength. The next place is occupied by blocks of lime.
If small granules are replaced with part of the sifted sand, then the strength of the products will increase slightly.
The combination of cement and lime (or clay) in a ratio of 3: 1 will save money, which will absolutely not win back on quality.
Before you start pouring the solution, the molds should be cleaned and wiped. This will prevent the resulting blocks from sticking to the bottom and walls. For such rubbing, diesel fuel, used oil, or similar means are used.
The density of the solution is a direct indicator of the rate of solidification. The thicker it is, the faster block can freeze. The main characteristics of the quality of cinder blocks depend not only on the production technology, but also on the choice of solution. Below are Various types mixtures, the use of which demonstrates certain characteristics imposed on the material.

Video - Cinder block. Instructions for a beginner

You can significantly reduce the financial costs of housing construction if you make aerated concrete with your own hands at home. Aerated concrete products in construction are used very often.

Of these, it is easy to build a variety of buildings with great savings in mortar.

What is aerated concrete

Aerated concrete building blocks can be of different sizes and shapes. But their composition is almost always the same. Aerated concrete blocks with your own hands can be made from:

high quality cement;
lime;
quartz sand;
gypsum;
aluminum powder;
water.

The production technology of this material is quite simple. You can produce aerated concrete in the yard of your house or directly at the construction site. Finished blocks are parallelepipeds of porous concrete mass, which contains many small air pores. They are about 3 mm in size. Pores are formed due to the addition of aluminum paste or powder to the solution. Sometimes, in addition to the listed components, some other substances are added in very small quantities. They are needed to change some parameters of building materials.

According to the production method, aerated concrete can be made by autoclave and non-autoclave method. The first method is not suitable for home conditions. It requires expensive equipment. The non-autoclave method is simpler, it allows you to set up the production of aerated concrete with your own hands at home. In the manufacture, the reaction of water with aluminum powder is used, as a result of which a huge amount of carbon dioxide is released, which forms pores inside the blocks. The mass hardens after a while. This happens in natural conditions. The body of the block receives many pores from 1 to 3 mm in diameter.

Mini-plant for the production of non-autoclaved aerated concrete

The porous structure is the main advantage of the gas block. The pores make the material light, endow it with high thermal insulation properties. The density for aerated concrete is kept at the level of 300-1200 kg / m³. In order for the pores to hold firmly in the concrete, it must be placed in a strong form that sets the size of the future block. The mass hardens in 2 hours. After that, the blocks can be removed from the mold and laid out on racks for complete hardening. The final strength is formed only on the 28th day of natural drying of the blocks.

Making aerated concrete with your own hands

The production of aerated concrete at home requires some tools. It is necessary to prepare:

grinder with a disk;
wood saw;
electric drill;
plane;
hacksaw for metal work;
sharp knife;
metalwork hammer;
shovel for solution;
mixer for mixing the mixture;
ruler;
building hair dryer;
Master OK,
steel string for cutting blocks;
putty knife;
scales;
chisel and chisel;
measuring bucket.

Using a measuring bucket and scales, the necessary components for the solution are measured. The production of gas blocks is carried out from the following components:

Portland cement brand M400-M500 - 50-70%;
sieved quartz sand— from 20 to 40%;
lime as a plasticizer - 1-5%;
powder or aluminum paste - 0.04-0.09%;
water - 0.25-0.8%.

Collapsible metal mold Pouring lightweight concrete Removal of excess concrete solution Blocks after stripping

The mixture is thoroughly mixed and laid out in forms that are different. It can be quite a strong box. Its height is equal to the height of the blocks. The total volume is 4-9 gas blocks. Forms can be made of wood or metal. It is desirable to make the design collapsible. More difficult option- a box with cells, which can be made of wood 30-40 mm thick, or metal 4-6 mm. Internal partitions can be made of plywood. Its thickness should be 12-15 mm. Before pouring the solution, the surfaces from the inside must be lubricated with technical oil and the entire structure should be heated with a hair dryer to 40˚. The mixture is poured to the level of half the height of the box. The rest of the space will be filled with the expansion of the composition and the formation of pores.

The gas evolution reaction lasts 6-8 minutes. The solution first rises, then slightly sits down. After shrinkage, the upper part can be cut off with a prepared string, the blocks can be removed from the mold. Cooling of blocks should occur in natural conditions. Fans are not recommended. Installation of the form is recommended on a flat horizontal surface. It is better to prepare several boxes at once in order to mix a significant amount of the solution. The working platform must be sheltered from wind and precipitation. Block sizes can be customized.

Conclusion on the topic

How to make gas blocks at home? Is such an option possible? What are they made of? After all, you need special equipment and equipment for the manufacture of aerated concrete at home. You can build the walls of houses at a much lower cost if you make gas blocks yourself. Only building materials of the autoclaved manufacturing method require special equipment. In this way, materials are made from concrete in production. At home, you can cook blocks only in a non-autoclave way. This requires high-quality Portland cement, sand with minimal clay impurities, lime, water, aluminum powder and some other substances to change the characteristics of the finished product.

The mixture is well mixed and poured into molds, which can also be made by hand. After 2 hours, the tops of the blocks are cut off with a metal string, the blocks themselves are removed and laid out for drying. Final drying lasts 4 weeks. By this time, the blocks acquire real strength. For the production of aerated concrete for 1 m³ of blocks, 90 kg of cement, 300 liters of water, 0.5 kg of aluminum powder, 35 kg of lime and 375 kg of sand are required. This is an approximate composition.

Aerated concrete blocks are a material for building walls. He possesses high quality and strength. Widely used in low-rise construction. To build your own house, it is quite possible to make blocks with your own hands.

In our fast-paced time, more and more new products appear on the building materials market, succeeding in many respects of their predecessors. An interesting fact is that some building materials can be made at home. The Russian people, not spoiled by money and the benefits of civilization, can come up with a lot in order to save money and fulfill themselves.

Handmade production of block building materials

A clear confirmation of this is a do-it-yourself machine for blocks. It will be needed by amateurs who can build a barn, a bathhouse, a garage, and even a residential building themselves, from their foam blocks, gas blocks, ceramic blocks, cinder blocks, sawdust-concrete (arbolite) and other blocks with different fillers. Knowing the proportion constituent parts, experimenting on the incoming ingredients, with it you can make a block building material with your own hands for the construction of any premises and even for laying the foundation.

Different number of cells in the form

Depending on the scale of production and capabilities, they make molds for blocks with their own hands, designed for 1-2 products, 6-8 ed., 10-14 pcs., 21-30 pcs. and others (photo 1). They are designed for the manufacture of solid blocks and products with voids of various shapes. By changing the dimensions of the matrix, it is possible to produce blocks suitable for walls and for the foundation. Therefore, the sizes of blocks and their number can be different (f.2). For the convenience of extracting the finished product, a collapsible design should be provided. The material for making molds can be metal, waterproof plywood, wood. Forms are a kind of removable formwork that allows you to produce high-quality building material with the desired specified characteristics.

Photo 1 - Forms for blocks of various sizes
Photo 2 - Construction hollow blocks

Photo 3 - Blanks for walls for molds
Photo 4 - Cylinders for filling voids

Do-it-yourself steps for making molds for blocks

For the manufacture of metal matrices you will need Sheet steel b-3 mm and metal pipe D 8 mm for forming voids, as well as a grinder, a welding machine, and other working tools.

Wall blanks are being prepared. They can be cut at home with a grinder 450x210 and 220x210, 2 zags each. The bottom of the form should have a side 3-3.5 cm high and a handle. Notches are made on the walls (f.3).
For making voids cylinders are required (photo 4). For this, the required number of blanks is cut off from the pipe at the rate of 3 units. for 1 block. The height should be a few mm less than the height of the walls. To give the pipe blank a conical shape, on the one hand, you need to cut the pipe to half and clamp it with a vice. Each pipe billet must be welded on both sides, resulting in hollow, muffled cylinders (aggregates). They are welded to the bar, then inserted into the mold and the bar is welded to the walls of the mold (f. 5).
Weld all seams needed outside.
From thick plate making a press with holes with a diameter greater than the diameter of the hollow cylinders. The press should go into the matrix, approximately 50 mm. Handles are welded to the press (photo 6).

Do-it-yourself ready-made forms for blocks do not require high costs. They can work with people who do not have special qualifications. The main thing is to perform the correct batch and compact the contents.

Photo 5 - Hollow cylinders are welded to the bar
Photo 6 - Making a hand press

Photo 7 - Drawing homemade machine with vibration motor
Photo 8 - Step-by-step production of a machine for blocks with your own hands

DIY block machines

In order to compact the mixture for block building materials well, you can use a vibrating table or make a do-it-yourself block machine with a vibrator attached to the sidewall. Photo 7 shows a drawing of a vibration machine. Finished construction equipped with handles that help remove the matrix without damaging the raw concrete workpiece. Wheels welded to the base frame create a moving device.

Photo 8 offers a step-by-step production of equipment for one workpiece. It is similar to the production of molds without a motor. The attached vibrator facilitates the work and makes the finished building material of better quality. The use of machine tools for the manufacture of building blocks is quite simple. But, when working with it, you should adhere to safety precautions.

Every person wants to build own house or buy an apartment. Some people like to be as close as possible to nature, others are attracted by a noisy metropolis. To build a house on your own, you need to have a significant amount of Money. However, not everyone can afford to build their own building. In this case, you can make materials yourself. Moreover, elementary improvised means are often used for their production. How to make blocks yourself? This question is asked by a large number of novice builders who want to build a house.

For the production of blocks, soil is needed, located under the fertile layer. Naturally, the basis of this nature is the most accessible. It is known that such a tradition came from places that did not have big amount forest area. For the manufacture of blocks, people in those places used the method of molding, tamping or formwork, into which the soil was simply stuffed.

To make the blocks yourself, it is possible to use a mechanical device. With the help of electric tools, you can get a well-mixed mixture without using your own efforts. This makes the job go quickly and efficiently.

For work you will need:

sheets of metal;

cement chipboard;

cement;

sand;

expanded clay;

roulette;

pencil;

tree;

emery skin;

hammer;

nails;

bucket;

shovel;

rule.

Building blocks are one of the most popular materials actively used in construction. With their help, you can build houses, garages, baths, outbuildings. The erected walls delight with warmth, solidity, and a good degree of sound absorption.

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Varieties of building blocks

Any material of this type consists of cement, sand, water and fillers. Using certain ingredients, you can make a certain type of blocks:

Block laying sequence: a - single-row dressing system; b - multi-row dressing system; c, d - multi-row dressing system in a mixed way (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

Cinder block, which is based on waste products from metallurgical enterprises. They are used in the construction of utility rooms. It is very convenient to lay such blocks. They are not capable of burning or freezing.

Sawdust concrete belongs to more comfortable materials when laying. It can be easily cut, sawn, mounted. It has little weight. The sawdust itself acts as its component base. To prevent their natural decay and swelling, on the eve of the bookmark should be held in a solution of slaked lime.

Block of gravel of various fractions. The named material has a large mass, which creates some difficulties during installation. It is a kind of concrete block.

Expanded clay block, which has good thermal insulator properties. It is light weight, strong base and easy to install.

Blocks with pine needle extracts, wood shavings, broken stone and crushed debris.

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Block production technique

Manufacturing with blockforms. Building blocks can be crafted using special machines for such production. On any such equipment, you can build 1, 2, 3 or more molds. A machine of this nature is represented by a vibrating table and vessels for shaping the blocks. Typical dimensions will be 190x190x390 cm. Removable partitions are provided here, with which you can make tiles of different sizes. There are devices for voids, which are 2 or 3 steel cylinders. A similar mechanism is simply laid in the block mold just before the concrete is poured. As soon as the solution hardens, these devices are removed. Finished block has hollow holes. The presented method of making molds significantly saves cement mortar.

It is not difficult to make the necessary samples on such equipment. In a container, a concrete mixer, a solution is prepared with a certain filler. In order for the finished product to be easily removed from the mold, the container must be lubricated with machine oil. After that, the cement mixture is poured into it.

Next, the vibrating table is turned on. After 2 minutes, the product is completely formed. During the vibration process, excess air is released from the concrete, as a result of which the composition is dense, as unnecessary water flows out of it. As soon as the product is formed, the surface should be smoothed with a spatula.

Now the block mold is moved to the place where the product will be dried. An open area with a roof or a special steaming chamber is well suited as such a site. Here it is important to follow the smoothness and horizontality of the surface. Removing the finished tile from this form will not be difficult. To do this, the lower base, resembling a layer of metal, is removed, and the side elements rise. The dried whole block remains in its place, it is not touched for several days. After the sustained time, the blocks are moved to any point.

Ground blocks. Blocks are made using a special machine. This is where the mould, molding powder and blower move. Moreover, vibrations and sounds during operation are excluded. There is no need to control the weight, measure the magnitude and check the pressure in the device.

Arbolite blocks. Wood concrete building blocks are lightweight materials made from wood chips, most often from coniferous species. It also contains sawdust, water, cement and chemical components.

The modern world dictates its own conditions and allows you to create such materials on your own. According to the requirements of state standards, wood concrete is made from wood particles, the dimensions of which must correspond to 40x10x5 mm. Numerical indicators of needles, leaves and bark are approximately 5-10%.

To make the desired composition, a significant amount of cement is required. And this will help to reduce the properties and retain heat. In this regard, wood chips are an important raw material.

Experienced builders often use shavings and sawdust in equal proportions. To avoid rotting, selected tiles must be aged for 3 months in the open air. Otherwise, block deformation will occur. Do not forget about the periodic tedding of this mass. If this is not possible, then it can be treated with zinc oxide. To prepare wood concrete, you need to take a concrete mixer.

Chips and sawdust are prepared independently using special machines or purchased commercially.

They are filled with water, to which liquid glass, calcium chloride (for quick hardening) and slaked lime are added as a disinfectant. Then the mixture is stirred in a concrete mixer with the addition of cement and some other components. After that, it is poured into molds. As such containers, you can make vessels from boards upholstered with linoleum. So it will be easier to pull out finished products.

Expanded clay blocks. For the production of such blocks, it is necessary to prepare a mold. To do this, a board is taken and a vessel is made from it in the form of the letter “G”. From the inside, it is coated with machine oil or wrapped in tin. In the end parts there should be closures that help the composition take the desired shape.

You can make expanded clay blocks with voids. This will significantly reduce the amount of material used, but such work is a little more difficult to do.

In addition to the container itself, you need to use tools such as:

Master OK;

shovel;

buckets;

mixing container;

metal plate;

water, sand, expanded clay.

To make the solution more elastic, experienced craftsmen add 1 tablespoon of washing powder.

casting rules. To give the mass the correct consistency and elasticity, mix all the ingredients and dilute them with water, defending it for a small amount of time. After that, the mass should be transferred to a metal plate and mixed well.

The resulting mass is put into a mold, and then into a special vessel that creates vibrations. After 2 days, her shutters open and she is released. After that, the building blocks are subjected to final hardening for 26 days.