Porch on 2 sides of their own. Structural features of arranging a wooden porch, its design and projects. Porch for a log bath
The umbrella has not yet been opened, and the downpour has already poured water over the collar, or the wind is throwing wet snow right in the face. It is very unpleasant, having crossed the threshold, to immediately be captured by bad weather. Between the house and the yard, you definitely need a transitional barrier, which will give a couple of minutes to adapt to weather conditions. Such a kind of buffer is the porch. Even on a sunny, warm day, stepping outside the living quarters, you automatically stop for a few seconds, assess the state of the weather, and only after that you go down the steps of the porch.
Varieties of porches
The porch is a small platform with steps and a canopy in front of the entrance to the living quarters of the house. According to the material of manufacture of the porch, there are wooden, metal, brick, block and concrete. These materials are often combined with each other. For example, a concrete platform is equipped with metal steps and railings, while a metal structure uses wooden steps and handrails.
According to the type of structure, the porches are divided into three main groups, within which there are also some differences.
Types of porches:
Porches also vary in size and shape of the platform. It can be square, rectangular, semicircular, hexagonal and other configurations.
semicircular porch
Stairs or steps leading to the site are arranged in front, on the side (adjacent to the wall of the house), or on three sides.
Any type of porch should match the dimensions of the house. A small, nondescript porch near a richly furnished cottage is lost and looks more like an entrance to a utility room, and not like an entrance portal. Conversely, a large porch near a small country house can overshadow the facade of the building.
The size of the yard also affects the size of the porch. In order not to clutter small plot in front of the house, the porch does not extend too far forward: its long side adjoins the wall of the building, and the ends are made as short as possible. To save space in a small yard, steps are arranged on the side.
Although the design of the porch is very different, six can be distinguished general principles used in their device.
Features inherent in all types of porches:
A shallow foundation is poured under the high porch, which is connected to the foundation of the house with reinforcement.
If the height of the porch is small (by 1-2 steps), it is enough to make a crushed stone pillow under it. The steps are usually poured from concrete (or laid out from blocks) simultaneously with the platform and are one with it.
If a wooden (metal) staircase leads to the site, and not concrete steps, there is free space under it.
It can be put to good use by storing garden tools, lawn mowers, or making an aviary for a dog: it all depends on the size of the space and the needs of the owners of the house. Inside, a low flooring is made, the gap between the string of the stairs and the soil is sewn up with a wooden or metal shield with a door, and the gaps under the steps are closed in order to preserve aesthetics.
What to make a porch to match the design of the house
The easiest way is to make a porch of a simple design. Its lower part is essentially the foundation, and finishing it vertical surfaces made with the same materials as the basement of the house.
Clinker tiles for stairs
Usually the base is poured from concrete or laid out from building blocks, after which it is faced with clinker tiles, wild stone or simply plastered. The plinth is finished in the same way in the case of other types of porches.
Porch lined with wild stone
If the porch is attached, its upper part is made of the same materials from which the building itself is built. Near a brick house, a brick extension naturally looks.
Accordingly, near the wooden - wooden, and near the stone - stone. In the case when the walls are lined with siding, imitation timber or other sheathing materials, then they should also be used in the decoration of the porch.
Combination of block house and decking
Important. Questions of what to make a built-in type porch usually do not arise, since it is being built along with the house. Finishing work is also carried out simultaneously.
Canopy over the porch
The canopy over the entrance door consists of two parts: a frame, which is a frame on which the roofing material is attached, and a coating. The frame is made of lumber (timber, board) or metal corners and pipes. Depending on the dimensions and design of the house, the visor can be single-sided, double-sided or arched. It is attached in two ways: to the wall of the house and rests on props, or only to the wall of the house.
Roofing materials for the visor:
Planed boards can also be used as a canopy cover, especially if the house is wooden. But you need to take into account that the tree swells from dampness, and water seeps through the cracks between the boards. Therefore, a wooden-coated canopy is additionally laid roofing material, color and texture similar to the roof of the house.
Advice. Water will not drain from the roof in erratic jets if it is equipped with plastic or tin weirs.
Porch design
Naturally, the porch and the house should have the same design, and this is not only compatibility. building materials. It is also necessary to keep all the details in a single architectural style. For example, a building that “breathes” with pomp and grandeur is unlikely to decorate a modest porch, and an excess of ornate decorations on the visor and railings is incompatible with the severity of the geometric lines of a cottage built in the Mediterranean style.
glazed porch
For the exterior of a cottage built in a modern style, a glazed porch is suitable. Particularly interesting are projects with a built-in porch with glazing.
The interior space with a facade and a glass partition can be used to create a winter garden. In this case, outside the windows of the house (in any case, one of its rooms), there will always be summer.
Glass doors are made wide enough, and preferably sliding. This makes it possible to keep the porch open most of the time in the summer.
Porch-terrace
A wide porch with a canopy is inherently outdoor terrace. During the summer period, a dining room and a place of rest are arranged on it. 
In the design of the impromptu terrace, wood materials are used: decking flooring, a wooden balustrade and a staircase with carved railings. Rattan tables, chairs and armchairs are suitable for furnishing, the presence of which will help create a homely, cozy atmosphere.
Important. Wood harmonizes with almost any wall material, so it can be used not only in the decoration of a log house or a house made of logs. It goes well with bark beetle plaster, brick, facade panels and other finishing materials.
Wrought iron porch
Forged parts can decorate metal, concrete and any other porch. First of all, this is a railing on the stairs with fragments artistic forging: volutes, curls, vine, flowers and lattices.
Beautifully curved balusters, pillars with graceful elements, and a balustrade around the perimeter of the site can serve as the main decoration of the house.
As a harmonious addition, a polycarbonate visor mounted on forged jibs or brackets is used.
The main thing is that the same forging elements are used on the visor and stairs. If the windows are equipped with bars, they are also made in the same style with wrought iron railings.
Resting place on the porch
The best vacation is a vacation on fresh air. In a private house, it is very easy to take advantage of this advantage, you just need to go out onto the porch. Of course, it must be suitably equipped. Due to the lack of space, it is not recommended to use a lot of items in creating a recreation area on the porch, it is enough to put a small table and a wide bench. Bulky chairs and armchairs are hardly suitable for these purposes (the exception is a fairly spacious porch area). It is important that all pieces of furniture are placed compactly, do not clutter up the approaches to the door and do not interfere with its opening.
If the porch is wide, more creative items are used in its furnishing: swings, hammocks, sun loungers.
They can spend time doing needlework, reading, or taking a tan. The advantage of relaxing at the front door is the proximity to living quarters - to take the right thing, you do not need to travel a long way, such as from the gazebo to the house.
Advice. A long and narrow porch area is perfect for creating a bar counter. A narrow tabletop is mounted along the parapet or instead of it. The space is decorated in the appropriate style: bar stools, shelves for cups and glasses, LED lighting.
How to decorate the porch of a private house
The best way to decorate a porch is with flower pots. They are placed on the steps and along the parapet. The only condition is that flower pots should not interfere with the movement of the stairs.
Preference when choosing vegetation, as a rule, is given to flowering all summer one and perennials: petunia, gaillardia, tagetes, coreopsis, kosmeya, purslane. To create a certain style, planted in flowerpots coniferous plants, evergreen deciduous shrubs small habit, ornamental grasses and succulents.
Petunias in flowerpots
The advantage of mobile gardening is the ability to swap flowerpots. In early spring flowerpots with tulips, daffodils, a little later with lilies.
At the end of the flowering of the bulbous, they are removed, and pots with cannes, salvia, rudbeckia. So you can alternate flowering throughout the season and complete it. septembers And colchicum.
Important. On a small porch, flowerpots with pots are hung on hooks outside of it. This technique allows you to green the porch without cluttering up the usable space.
An interesting idea for decorating the porch are light curtains made of transparent fabric. They create diffuse penumbra on the sunny side, allowing you to spend time on the porch on a hot day.
If you need to completely shade the interior space, climbing plants are used, braiding vertical racks and forming a dense living curtain. For this purpose, you can plant clematis, parthenocissus, kampsis or climbing roses . Suitable also varietal table grapes , which, in addition to the shade, will give delicious berries.
IN country houses The first thing to look at is the exterior design. And the perception of the overall facade will also depend on the appearance of the porch of the house.
The facade can be designed absolutely in different styles, and using absolutely different materials at work. Most often this is done from concrete structures, from metal welds, or with the help of wooden inserts.
Depending on the material underlying this building, and are selected various methods decoration. Of course, it is mainly necessary to combine all the elements with the elements of the house itself.
Porch interior design in country houses
The porch can have a variety of designs, thus we can conclude that the design can act in different aspects.
Sometimes it can be a small porch with a small staircase in front of the house, or maybe part of a large and spacious veranda. country house, or as a continuation of the summer terrace, which covers almost the entire house. As already mentioned, the exterior of the outdoor porch will largely depend on the interior of the house.
Today, the design of the porch is done in an elite form, and materials such as glass, various variations of plastic, and chrome-plated metal add luxury to the design.
Outdoor stairs are now often decorated with classic decorative tiles (in most cases, ceramics, as its "cold" properties are characteristic of the outside world).
It is also appropriate to use metal forging in the creation of the exterior: it will look very representative and beautiful. Country style is one of the dominant styles in the design of the exterior of the house. Country style goes well with wooden elements.
Another style that will complement the porch well is the Provence style. Provence style implies dominance white color in the exterior, which means that the staircase, decorated completely in white, will look perfect.
Auxiliary inserts of forged patterns will add extra luxury. Doesn't go well with wood elements. regular paint, and a special oil for wood coating.
A few good ideas
In the external design of private houses, you can competently combine wood and natural stone. For night time, you can put an original lantern next to it, which will only emphasize the naturalness of the design.
The staircase, which is deprived of railings, can be made of concrete, and on the outside it can be covered with tiles of natural shades: dark green, brown, the color of fresh soil. It looks elegant and at the same time strict. To show imagination at such moments is the time.
Wooden stairs are usually covered not with paint, but only with colorless oil for wood coating - this is done in order to preserve the naturalness and purity of the material from which the landing is made.
Coloring with paint wooden stairs is also allowed. You can create a play of colors by alternating different colors for each step. In such a situation, one often resorts to dark shades rather than light colors.
Light shades are applied only when the building itself has such shades. Another one interesting idea decorating with wood is firing. Surface firing of wood will look old-fashioned, because some people really like this move.
The metal stairs of a country house are sometimes sheathed with wood. Most often they are made from sheet metal. Such variations are very literate, because the metal itself can be slippery and cold.
As for the railings, they can also be made of various materials. Metal railings will look more aesthetic when they are artistically designed. Metal is most often amenable to openwork forging or embellished with wooden carvings.
Parapets can be made using bricks. Brick can be either one shade or different tones. Combination will look good white brick with red.
Photo ideas for decorating the porch of a private house
The porch is an important part of the architecture of the house. It should be reliable, comfortable and beautiful. In this article, we will talk about what the design of a porch in a private house can be, what it can be in terms of design, what material it can be lined with, how it should be combined with the exterior of the entire building as a whole.
Porch design options
There are many architectural solutions for the porch. What it will be in terms of design, it is desirable to decide at the design stage. It should be in good harmony with the front facade of the cottage and stand on the same foundation with it.
open porch
An open porch is a platform with a small canopy over the door. May be with or without railings. Such a porch does not very reliably protect the approach to the house from wind and precipitation, but it does not require complex work and high costs during construction.
closed porch
This is a variant of a more secure porch. It is a platform that is completely covered with a canopy. Sometimes the canopy also covers the stairs. At the same time, the structure is closed on the sides by the construction of the railing.
This porch protects front door. Puddles of water or snowdrifts will never form near it. Even in bad weather, under the porch canopy, you can safely find the keys and open the door.
Porch-tambour
The porch, made as a fully enclosed extension, is a traditional design option for the entrance area in Russian village houses. Previously, such a buffer zone was called a vestibule and could be quite spacious, like a modern veranda. But more often it was a small buffer room that protected the residential part of the house from the cold outside.
The vestibule porch provides the house with minimal heat loss through the front door during the heating season. In summer, it allows you to keep the rooms comfortable cool. At the same time, it can serve as a hallway if it provides a place to store outdoor shoes and outerwear.
Porch on two sides
This is a variant of the open porch, which has two stairs running along the wall on both sides. This design of the porch with a canopy of a private house looks great against the backdrop of any cottage. If you decorate the entrance group on two sides with beautiful forged railings, it will give the house solidity and respectability. However, this option cannot be called very practical - with quite high cost it does not provide entrance group reliable protection.
Porch-veranda
The entrance can be designed as a closed glazed veranda. This is an excellent option for combining a recreation area and entrance portal. The veranda can be heated or "cold". In it you can equip a summer kitchen or, for example, a gallery. However, such architectural solution and one significant minus - a closed veranda, this is, in fact, an extension stretched along the main facade, and it blocks access sunlight to the first floor windows.
Porch-terrace
A terrace is a platform under a canopy, without enclosing walls. It may have a railing or a solid perimeter fence about a meter and a half high. This type of extension also blocks the windows of the first floor, but not as tightly as a closed vernda.
A terrace that performs the function of a porch is a fairly popular way of arranging a country dwelling in modern low-rise construction. It has several advantages:
allows you to save space on the site;
increases the functionality of the porch;
provides an opportunity to equip next to the house a full-fledged recreation area with summer kitchen;
makes it possible to bring all the necessary communications to the summer recreation area with minimal means.
On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular, presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".
materials
The porch can be built from different materials. To equip the base of the porch, concrete, brick or a structure made of metal elements is used. Sometimes a building tree is used. From above, the base is lined with some decorative material. The choice of cladding depends on several important factors - the type of porch construction, the intended design of the entire building, the preferences of the owners and the cost.
Video description
Options for beautiful porches from different materials
Tree
Any porch can be wooden, from the simplest platform with a canopy to a wide terrace. The main thing is to choose the right wood. It must be durable and moisture resistant. It could be, for example, pine. But even the highest quality wood materials must be pre-treated with a protective compound. Otherwise, moisture, fungus and insects will destroy them very quickly. Wooden porch trim in a private house has its advantages - it looks very aesthetically pleasing, it can be restored, and it is suitable for decorating houses in a variety of architectural styles.
Concrete
During the construction of modern cottages, concrete input structures that are not covered with finishing materials. The concrete porch can be complemented with wrought iron or wooden railings. Samo concrete base sometimes covered with paint.
The concrete porch can be given any shape. It is reliable, durable, monolithic. Over time, it can be revetted with tiles, bricks or wood.
Stone
Natural stone has all the necessary qualities for a porch - it is strong, durable, moisture resistant, beautiful. Therefore, stone is a classic material for finishing the porch in a solid and respectable house. However, in recent times, instead of natural stone its artificial counterpart is increasingly being used. Fake diamond It has almost the same characteristics as natural, but at the same time it costs less and weighs less.
Brick
Facing with finishing bricks is mainly used in the construction of brick cottages. This finishing option allows you to maintain the integrity of the design of the house. A brick porch can take the form of a classic entrance or a wide terrace. Facing bricks are ideal for outdoor use as they have all the qualities of stone and can last for many years without needing renovation.
Tile
In many cases, ceramic or paving slabs are used to finish the porch. Usually the porch platform is lined paving slabs, which has the characteristics of high abrasion resistance, attractive appearance and anti-slip coating.
Other materials
There are other options for arranging the porch. It can be faced with porcelain stoneware, siding or clinker tiles. Any cladding intended for outdoor use is suitable. But it should be in harmony with the cladding of the house and with the landscape design of the site.
canopy
A canopy or canopy over the porch is its necessary element. It protects the front door and threshold of the house. It does not need to be equipped only in cases where the function of the visor is performed by the overhang of the roof of the building or the roof of the veranda. For example, it could be cottage with a porch under one roof.
In all other cases, you need to consider a visor of a suitable shape and size. The design of the canopy consists of a frame and cladding. The frame can be built from:
-
profiled pipe;
strips of metal;
steel corner.
You can cover the frame with any material intended for covering the roofs of houses or gazebos. These materials include:
-
polycarbonate.
bituminous tiles;
natural tiles;
corrugated board;
metal tile;
The shape of the visor can be:
-
domed;
concave;
-
gable;
marquise.
lean-to;
When arranging the visor, it is very important to ensure a quality connection with the wall. Between the visor and the wall should not seep water from precipitation. To obtain a tight fastening, a baffle plate is usually used, matched to the tone of the wall finish or to the tone of the canopy cover.
Video description
Production and installation of a polycarbonate visor
In terms of shape and material, the visor must correspond to the artistic solution of the porch and the entire building as a whole. The easiest way is to make a single-sided visor. It suits cottages of any type. But they look much more interesting complex options canopies. For example, if a polycarbonate coating is used, it is better to make a domed or arched visor. If the house is made in the style of a village hut and has a traditional gable roof, it will look even more expressive if you make a gable canopy covered with the same material as the roof.
Porch design
The porch is the most expressive part of the exterior of the house. It largely determines the aesthetics of the entire household. Therefore, it is very important to correctly determine the design of the porch. The shape of the porch, regardless of whether it is a small open area or a wide terrace, can be rectangular or rounded. It's about the front line of the site. A rounded porch is more difficult to build, but it gives the exterior of the house a more elegant and finished look.
Video description
Arrangement of a rounded brick porch
The combination of porch design and house design can be solved with two different ways. The first is to maintain a single style using one finishing material and general artistic solution. The second option is to consider a contrasting combination, in which the porch will become an accent element of the building's architecture and its decoration.
With a contrasting combination, modern lightweight materials can be used to finish the porch. For example, the porch canopy can be made of lightweight and practical polycarbonate. A metal porch for a siding house looks quite attractive. A porch made of wood or stone can be attached to a cottage with facades covered with plaster.
To make the porch fit well into landscape design area, you can make it as inconspicuous as possible. But if a decision is made to build a large or simply very expressive porch in design, it is advisable to “support” it with some kind of decorative element in the landscape. For example, a sculpture can be placed on the site, which in color and texture will echo the decoration of the porch. Or you can use the same lamps to illuminate the porch and paths on the site.
The surest way to link the design of the porch and the courtyard is to use the same cover for the area in front of the entrance and for decoration. garden paths. Thinking through the options for paths and a porch in a house, it is advisable to immediately provide for their combination in a single composition.
Porch design options
Conclusion
The porch of the house is an important functional and decorative part of the architecture of the house. It can be built in the form of a small platform with a visor or a terrace attached to the house. A variety of materials are used for facing the porch. A well-designed porch can become a real decoration of both the cottage itself and the area around it.
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TO The stigma is a functional element of any household and is its hallmark. Such a structure should be located at the entrance to the building and fit into the created exterior of the building. By choosing the right material, you can build a luxurious porch to the house with your own hands. Projects, photos and design drawings can easily be found in our review. In addition to practical functions, this structure performs a decorative function. At the same time, the canopy and railings are decorated with beautiful carvings and other decorative elements.
In many buildings, the porch is part of the project and fits perfectly into the overall exterior.
The porch in a private house, photos of which can be viewed on the site, is an open area with a staircase in front of the entrance to the house. It can be of any shape, and also made of various materials.
Such a structure can be made in the following variations:
- the structure of the attached type is more mobile.
Helpful information! To avoid skewed steps and cracks, a foundation must be installed.
Foundation: construction features for all types of porch
A strong foundation is needed to make a porch to the house with your own hands. Designs, photos and descriptions will help create a quality foundation.
The depth of the foundation for the porch and the house must be the same, otherwise the smaller structure may be displaced. The type of foundation depends on the material of the main structure. If brick or concrete is used, then the base must be reinforced. Foundation installation begins with markings. Piles are driven into the corners of the resulting rectangle, and then a trench is made along the contour. For a large visor, you will need to install additional supports. Formwork is recommended. For it, boards, or chipboard, are used. It is also important to make waterproofing. In this case, the bottom of the pit is covered with roofing material. For reinforcement, bricks and a special mesh or are used. Then the concrete mixture is poured. Each layer of the solution must be rammed with a shovel.
Helpful information! After pouring, the foundation surface must be leveled and covered with roofing material. To the surface concrete pavement moisture must not get in in case of rain.
Related article:
Do-it-yourself porch to the house: projects, photos of various types of porch
Help to choose best design porch of a private house photos that can be found on the site. In this case, it is worth deciding on the material for the future design. Traditional options include wood, concrete, stone and brick, or metal.
Metal structures: the nuances of the device
Metal products are mounted using electric welding. The design is assembled from standard parts. If desired, you can use forging elements for a metal porch in a private house. The photo will allow you to choose interesting solutions.
Such a design is mounted in several stages:
- two channels are laid in parallel at a distance of future steps. Then a corner is cut to the size of the steps;
- a part equal to the height between the steps is cut off from the corner. Both elements are welded in the form of the letter G;
- L-shaped parts are attached to the channel;
- then the channel is connected using corners.
Ready. Steps made of any material are mounted on it. If more than three steps are provided, then railings are mounted. The visor completes the design.
Concrete options: design features
The concrete structure involves the continuation of the foundation in the steps. In this case, reinforcement is used, which will prevent the appearance of cracks. Such a structure requires additional cladding with stone or tiles.
Formwork is made for each step. Finished construction covered with decorative material.
Helpful information! The space between the foundations of the main structure and the extension is sealed mineral wool which provides better structural stability.
Do-it-yourself wooden porch for a private house: installation features
Popular wooden porch home made by hand. Projects and photos of such structures are diverse. best material larch and other conifers are considered. For such raw materials, special protective impregnations are required.
Installation wooden structure consists of the following:
- the manufacture of stairs includes the formation of a bowstring. These elements are connected to the base;
- installation of the site consists of mounting the shelf boards to the finished base;
- steps are being installed. At the same time, treads and risers are fastened with the help of self-tapping screws;
- the design is carried out with the help of railings and a canopy.
Helpful information! The durability of the structure depends on the correct preparation and processing of wood. The material must be well dried.
Related article:
Porch made of brick or stone
It is very difficult to make brickwork for the porch, since the brick must be laid out perfectly evenly. It is even more difficult to lay a stone porch without certain skills. The chipped edges don't fit together.
TO simple options includes the construction of a staircase made of concrete and facing it with stone or brick.
Visor options
An important addition to the extension is the canopy over the porch. The photo on the site allows you to see interesting options this element.
The visor is created from timber, metal, plexiglass or metal pipes. Wooden structures must be treated with special solutions every 2-3 years so that the wood does not deteriorate.
The visor should at least protrude half a meter beyond the area of \u200b\u200bthe main structure. Piles for the canopy supports are mounted at the stage of creating the foundation. Polycarbonate, plexiglass or tiles can be used as a coating. This element must have a pitched shape.
Helpful information! A wooden structure or metal sheets can be coated with paint in several layers.
Which porch is better: glazed or open?
A closed porch is often used for a private house. Photos of projects can be found on the Internet. Most often, these are transparent structures made of metal and glass. The frame and piles are made of metal. The walls are made of glass. A roof of this design can be combined with a balcony on the second floor.
The glazed version is made with a concrete foundation, a canopy and a staircase. The frame is made with the help of corners. In this case, the corners are attached to the installed piles.
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Hard to imagine a private house without built porch. The process of its construction may be different. The best option is the casting of the foundations of the house and the porch at the same time. However, steps are often thought about after the building has been built.
In this case, the porch is attached, for which three types of materials are used - wood, metal, concrete.
How to build a porch
Attaching a porch to the house with our own hands is quite within the power of many of us. When you decide on the direction of the steps (they can go in one, two or three directions at the same time), you need to choose the height of the porch. It is desirable that it be lowered by 50-70 mm in relation to the border of the doorway.
There are two points to be taken into account here:
- exclusion of blocking the door leaf opening outwards;
- preventing water from entering the house after rainfall
Calculation of the dimensions of the upper platform
For outward-facing doors, an upper platform should be prepared with a depth exceeding the width of the door leaf by 300-400 mm. At the same time, there are also GOST requirements - the size of the site must be at least 1.5 times larger than the opening. For example, you installed a door that is 900 mm wide, then the size of the platform must be over 1350 mm.
Step design
When determining the parameters of the stairs, you can focus on the recommended step size of 15-20 cm. If you divide the height of the porch by this size, you can get the required number of steps.
Of course, you are unlikely to get an integer. Therefore, you can vary the height of the steps within the recommended limit by distributing the excess between them. Or provide a small step at the very beginning of the stairs. But the width of each segment can be in the range of 30-40 cm.
There are also the following recommendations: if you sum up the tread value with a double step value, then the result should be 600-640 mm. For example, when designing steps with a height of 175 mm and a tread of 280 mm, the resulting value will be 170 * 2 + 280 = 630 mm, which fully corresponds to the criterion under consideration.
Foundation selection
The heavier the designed porch for a private house will be, the more powerful the foundation is required. If for relatively light wooden and metal structures you can limit yourself to a pile or columnar foundation, then a concrete or brick structure will require strip foundation or monolithic slab.
It is also important to understand whether you will connect the foundations of the house and the porch. You need to focus on the characteristics of the extension itself and the features of the soil. If you do not tie, then you must be prepared for the formation of cracks at the junction, for example, due to frost, which will cause the structure to skew. Repairs may be required in the future.
A bonded base also does not guarantee the absence of cracks. They can appear in the array of the porch itself. Since not always reinforced reinforcement can cover the difference in the loads of the house and extension.
This version of the base is recommended if the construction of the house and the porch are massive enough. For example, when the last is executed from reinforced concrete. This requires a high-quality bond using reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm, driven into pre-made holes in the foundation. Then the frame is built.
Selection of staircase design
Stairs can be built on bowstrings or stringers. Wood, metal or combinations, including with concrete, are used for manufacturing.
The bowstring option is suitable for a wooden or small house. Attachment goes like this. The inner surface of the bowstring is connected to the support bars.
For metal parts, welding is used in a horizontal plane, and for wood, a simple nailing of the bars with the subsequent attachment of a step is suitable. It is also permissible to cut recesses in the bowstring for the installation of steps.
The use of stringers may involve the use of open supports. To do this, cut out triangles at the top of the board, the base of which will be the support for the step.
If you have chosen the method of cutting the stringer, then you will need to be guided by the height of the step and the width of the tread. It is advisable to connect them at an angle of 90 degrees. Many experienced craftsmen recommend that you first make a general template, which you can use in subsequent work.
Remember you need to choose the right number of stringers. It depends on the parameters of the ladder itself and the thickness of the board.
For thin boards, more frequent installation of stringers will be required. For example, a 25 mm board assumes a distance between supports of up to 60 mm. Deflection should be avoided.
Porch structures from different materials
There are several options for choosing the material for the extension. You must decide on the design of the porch yourself, based on the type of house, the characteristics of the soil and your own preferences.
wooden porch
This is a fairly popular material for the manufacture of an extension of this type. It is recommended to use hard wood, such as oak. Larch, spruce and other conifers are also suitable for you. True, special impregnation is required.
The carrier beam is installed first. In it, teeth are pre-cut, on the horizontal edges of which steps are placed. This beam is called a kosour and serves as an additional support. A distance of 500 mm is left between the stringers. Their number will depend on the intervals specified by the project.
To equip the bowstring, take a thicker board. Two bowstrings should be fastened with crossbars. In between, stringers are attached to the beams.
Cutting out the ribs on which the steps will be fixed is done using a square. Mistakes can lead to subsidence and swelling of the steps.
The width of the step should provide convenience to residents. And their number is preferably odd - so you get an additional stiffener. Oh, and don't forget the railings. Their presence is desirable if the number of steps is more than three.
The presence of an overhang is determined general design. If you have glazing or reliable weather protection, then its presence is optional. But at the same time, the overhang itself allows water to drain onto the plane of the lower step, and prevents it from falling into the grooves after rolling down the riser.
When you will mount the porch to wooden house on the foundation, it is possible, due to pressure on the lower beam of the stringer, to form a small trench. Of course, if the concrete has not yet hardened. This will increase the strength of the stairs. To equip the upper platform, a board is taken that has convenient dimensions. It is necessary to clearly adjust the joints, to exclude the occurrence of deformations in the future.
Metal structure
Such an extension looks quite elegant. But you will need the ability to work with welding equipment and the use of standard parts. And the cost will not be too high. Although the use of forged parts will increase the cost and require pre-ordering of forging elements.
A simplified version of the design is mounted using channels and corners. And then install the fill material, for example, wooden planks or chipboard of increased strength.
The channels are fixed parallel to each other. The distance is selected in accordance with the designed length of the steps. A corner is made to the size of the steps. It is advisable to provide a margin of up to 1 cm additionally along the edges for the seam.
Similarly, a part of the corner is cut off, corresponding to the height between the steps. Then, in the form of the letter "G", they are connected by welding and attached to the channel. At the output, oblique corners are made of metal, which are connected in pairs by corners.
Use of concrete
The fabricated structure will be connected directly to the foundation. Each step requires high-quality reinforcement in order to avoid destruction of the material. First, formwork is created for the bottom step. It is recommended that the height of the first step be 15-20 mm larger than the others.
The subsequent elements are made in the same way as laying the foundation. Each of them is securely reinforced with a mesh, and the transition to the next level is carried out after the concrete has dried at the previous level. Rough tile or stone is then laid on top of the concrete.
You can evaluate the benefits of using each type of material from the photo of the porch. Appearance, the quality of construction and durability in operation are important factors choice of design solution.
Visor arrangement
The owner of a country house can decorate his home if he builds a canopy over the porch of the house. This element will be an excellent protection against bad weather. And you can use pipes made of metal, wooden beam for the frame. Sheathing is also made of metal, wood and plexiglass.
The visor is mounted on piles pre-mounted in the base. Tiles or metal sheets are often used for coating, although polycarbonate is gaining popularity now. Be sure to provide a slope, on the lower edge of which a gutter is attached by welding.
Even a novice master can make a porch with his own hands. It is necessary to properly design this structure and perform the work in stages, adhering to the basic instructions.
Photo of the porch to the house
