How to make a heating boiler piping. Piping scheme for a gas heating boiler: general principles and recommendations. Wall-mounted boiler piping schemes
The creation of a heating system involves the connection of a boiler and heating appliances (radiators, convectors and a warm water floor). Also, the system must have devices that ensure security. The procedure for connecting this entire economy is called the “boiler piping”.
What is strapping and what is it made of
There are two main parts in the heating system - the boiler and radiators or underfloor heating. What binds them and provides security - this is the harness. Depending on the type of installed boiler, different elements are used, therefore, the piping of solid fuel units without automation and automated (more often gas) boilers is usually considered separately. They have different operation algorithms, the main ones are the possibility of heating the TT boiler in the active combustion phase to high temperatures and the presence / absence of automation. This imposes a number of restrictions and additional requirements that must be met when piping a solid fuel boiler.
An example of a boiler piping - first comes copper, then polymer pipes
What should be in the harness
To ensure the safe operation of heating, the boiler piping must contain a number of devices. Must be:
Some of these devices are already installed under the casing of the gas wall-mounted boiler. The binding of such a unit is very simple. In order not to complicate the system big amount pressure gauge, air vent and emergency valve are assembled into one group. There is a special case with three taps. Appropriate devices are screwed onto it.
This is what a security group looks like
A safety group is installed on the supply pipeline immediately at the boiler outlet. Set so that it is easy to control the pressure and you can manually release the pressure if necessary.
What pipes to make
Today, metal pipes are rarely used in the heating system. They are increasingly being replaced by polypropylene or metal-plastic. Tying a gas boiler or any other automated (pellet, liquid fuel, electric) is possible immediately with these types of pipes.
When connecting a solid fuel boiler, it is impassable to make at least a meter of the pipe at the supply with a metal pipe and, best of all, with copper. Then you can put the transition to metal-plastic or polypropylene. But this is not a guarantee that polypropylene will not collapse. It is best to make additional protection against overheating (boiling) of the TT boiler.
Which of the polymer pipes is better? Polypropylene or metal-plastic? There is no single answer. Polypropylene piping is good with reliable connections - properly welded pipes are a monolith. (). But the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant in the system is not higher than 80-90 ° C (depending on the type of pipe). And then, prolonged exposure to high temperatures leads to the rapid destruction of polypropylene - it becomes brittle. Therefore, the binding of the boiler with polypropylene is done only in low-temperature systems based on automated boilers.
If there is protection against overheating, the boiler piping can be made with polypropylene pipes
Metal-plastic has more high temperature operating temperature up to 95°C, which is sufficient for most systems. They can also be used to tie a solid fuel boiler, but only if one of the protection systems against overheating of the coolant is available (described below). But metal-plastic pipes have two significant drawbacks: narrowing at the junction (fitting design) and the need for regular checks of connections, as they leak over time. So the binding of the boiler with metal-plastic is done subject to the use of water as a coolant. Anti-freeze liquids are more fluid, therefore it is better not to use compression fittings in such systems - they will still flow. Even if you replace the gaskets with chemically resistant ones.
Piping of gas boilers
Modern gas boilers have good automation that controls all parameters of the equipment: gas pressure, the presence of a flame on the burner, the pressure level and temperature of the coolant in the heating system. There is even automation that can adjust the work to the weather data. In addition, wall-mounted gas boilers in most cases contain such necessary devices as:
The parameters of all these devices are indicated in the technical data. gas cats. When choosing a model, you need to pay attention to them and choose a model not only in terms of power, but also in terms of the volume of the expansion tank and the maximum volume of coolant.
Scheme of piping a wall-mounted gas boiler
In the simplest case, the boiler piping contains only shut-off valves at the boiler inlet - so that, if necessary, it is possible to carry out repair work. Even on the return pipeline coming from the heating system, they put a mud filter - to remove possible contaminants. That's the whole harness.
An example of piping a wall-mounted gas boiler (double-circuit)
In the photo above there are corner Ball Valves, but this, as you understand, is not necessary - it is quite possible to put conventional models, and turn the pipes closer to the wall with the help of corners. Also note that there are taps on both sides of the sump - this is in order to be able to remove it and clean it without draining the system.
In the case of connecting a single-circuit wall-mounted gas boiler, it is still easier - only gas is supplied (gas workers are connected), supply hot water to radiators or water warm floor and return from them.
Piping schemes for floor gas boilers
Floor models of gas heating boilers are also equipped with automation, but they do not have a safety group, an expansion tank, or a circulation pump. All these devices have to be installed additionally. Because of this, the strapping scheme looks a little more complicated.
An additional jumper is installed on two schemes of the classic boiler piping. This is the so-called "anti-condensation" loop. It is needed in large systems, if the water temperature in the return pipe is too low, it can cause condensation. To eliminate this phenomenon and arrange this jumper. With its help, hot water from the supply is mixed into the return pipe, raising the temperature above the dew point (usually 40 ° C). There are two main implementation methods:
- with the installation of a circulation pump with an external temperature sensor in the jumper (and the photo is at the top right);
- using a three-way valve (pictured below left).
In a circuit with a circulator on a jumper (a condensate pump), it is made a pipe with a step of a smaller diameter than the mains. The sensor is attached to the return pipe. When the temperature drops below the set temperature, the pump power circuit is turned on, hot water is added. When the temperature rises above the threshold, the pump turns off. The second pump is the heating system itself; it works all the time while the boiler is running.
In the second scheme with a three-way valve, it opens the hot water mixture when the temperature drops (set on the valve). The pump in this case is on the return pipeline.
Solid fuel boiler piping
Any owner of a TT boiler knows that a lot of heat is released during the active combustion phase. Experience comes with time - when and how exactly to close the damper, for what period of time, etc. But it is worth a little distraction, and the water in the system will overheat and may even boil. To prevent this phenomenon, the boiler piping without automation must contain several devices that prevent the system from boiling. Only in this case can wiring around the house be done with polymer pipes. Otherwise, sooner or later, the superheated coolant will soften the material, the pipes will break through with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, the piping of a solid fuel boiler, in addition to traditional elements - a safety group, an expansion tank and a circulation pump - contains a substantial number of additional devices and usually requires quite substantial funds.
The cyclic nature of the operation of solid fuel boilers leads not only to the boiling of the system, but also to the fact that the house is either very hot (when the fuel is actively burning), then cold - when everything has burned out. To eliminate these phenomena, there is a solution: install a boiler indirect heating or heat storage. Both are water containers, they just perform different functions and, accordingly, are connected in different ways.
Piping with an indirect heating boiler
With this construction, there is no sharp increase in temperature, usual for a solid fuel boiler, during active combustion. All because the volume of the tank is added, because there is practically no overheating of water. Then, when the fuel burns out and the house begins to cool down in the conventional system, the heat stored in the heating phase continues to be consumed in the system with TA. In this way, the temperature background is leveled and the time between fireboxes increases.
Such a piping of a solid fuel boiler is more reliable and wiring from TA can be done with polypropylene pipes, but the circuit from the boiler to the tank must be made with metal pipes. In this case, you can use steel, but copper is still better.
Boiler TT piping with overheating valve
The third way to make a solid fuel boiler overheat protection is to install an automatic overheat protection device. This is a special valve with a temperature sensor. The principle of operation is simple: when a certain temperature (usually 95-97 ° C) is exceeded, the valve opens the inlet of cold water from the water supply, and the excess overheated is released into the sewer. This is how, for example, REGULUS DBV 1-02, Regulus BVTS 14480 works.
Protection of a solid fuel boiler against overheating with the REGULUS DBV valve
The valves, although they are manufactured by the same company, have a different structure and installation scheme. So REGULUS DBV is installed at the outlet of the boiler, has a built-in temperature sensor (installation diagram - above). The TT overheat protection valve of the Regulus BVTS 14480 boiler has a remote sensor, it can be mounted both at the inlet and outlet (installation diagram below). Why is this option good? The fact that it can work in systems with natural circulation - it does not need pressure to work.
Piping of a heating boiler with a protection valve against boiling of the coolant
Their estimated cost - 40-60 € - is much less than the cost of installing a heat accumulator or an indirect heating boiler, but this method does not solve the problem of temperature fluctuations. These valves, by the way, can be used to increase the reliability of the circuit with an installed indirection and thereby precisely eliminate the possibility of the system boiling.
What else is needed in the system
The boiler piping will be incomplete if it does not have a tap to drain and fill the system. And it's better if they are separate. The specific installation location depends on the structure of the system, but there are certain rules:
In some systems, the drain and fill of the system is made from one tap. This is possible if there is a pump with which it is pumped and there is a pressure gauge by which the generated pressure can be controlled. If there is a separate tap for filling the system at a high point, it can also be filled by gravity.
To properly install the gas unit, you should study the piping diagrams of the floor gas boiler. Depending on the features of the heating device: the number of circuits, the availability of a power connection, the installation of additional systems, the diagrams may differ.
Let's consider what elements the piping of a floor gas heating boiler can include.
Expansion tank
Membrane expansion tank necessary to compensate for the increased volume of water or antifreeze when they are heated. This element is divided by a membrane into two parts, one of them is filled with air or nitrogen. With an increase in the volume of the coolant, the gas is compressed, so that the pressure in the heat exchanger does not increase significantly.
Note! The volume of the expansion tank must be at least 10% of the amount of coolant.Safety valve
The purpose of the safety valve is to release excess coolant with a large increase in pressure in the circuit in order to prevent rupture of pipes in heating systems. Excess fluid is discharged through the drainage tube into the sewer. If the valve operates frequently, this indicates an insufficient size of the expansion membrane tank.
pressure gauge
A pressure gauge is needed to monitor the working pressure in the circuit. Sometimes a thermomanometer is used instead, which measures not only pressure, but also temperature. The scale of such a device should reach at least 4 atmospheres.
Air vent
The air vent is designed for outlet to environment air masses, which remained after draining the coolant. The remaining air creates noise and acts as an obstacle to the normal circulation of the coolant.
Circulation pump
The pump ensures the circulation of the coolant forcibly. Its power can be changed, thereby adjusting the rate of fluid flow in the heat exchanger.
Indirect heating boiler
A boiler is required to provide hot water in the required amount. It is a heat-insulating tank in which heated water is stored.
Hydrogun
A hydraulic gun is a container with pipes to which you can connect several circuits that combine supply and return. This element allows you to connect pipes in which the liquid has a different circulation rate and temperature.
Coarse filter
This element is a tank with a filter mesh for purifying water from large debris. The filter protects against clogging of the heat exchanger tube.
Pipes
Many are interested in the question of which pipes can be used for piping a floor-standing gas boiler. The temperature in the circuit usually does not exceed 80°C, and in the underfloor heating system it does not exceed 35°C. The pressure is at the level of 1-2.5 kgf/cm2. When the pump stops, boiling of the coolant is excluded, since after a few seconds the burner stops working and the flame goes out. Based on the existing operating conditions, polymer and metal-polymer pipes, the cost of which is much lower than durable copper or galvanized counterparts, are quite suitable for piping a floor gas heating boiler.
Recommendations for piping a floor boiler
The floor boiler must not be located at the highest point of the heating system. Otherwise, non-compliance with this condition will lead to the accumulation of air masses in the pipes, which will negatively affect the quality of heating. The supply pipe without an air vent, leaving the boiler, must be vertical.
The serial wiring of radiators and the connection of the gas unit to communications are carried out using metal-plastic on press fittings or polypropylene with aluminum reinforcement. However, the fittings are sensitive to the quality of installation and, when the seals are loosened, they begin to leak rather quickly. Polypropylene pipes more reliable and have many advantages:
- allow you to create a system of any complexity;
- not afraid of exposure to high temperatures;
- have a long service life;
- plaque reducing the diameter does not settle on the walls of the pipes;
- withstand high pressure.
Tying a floor gas boiler with polypropylene is carried out by soldering, which makes it possible to give the system solidity.
Note! Creating a heating system with many bends is not desirable, as this reduces the efficiency of the unit and makes installation difficult. The number of connections should also be kept to a minimum.Features of gas pipe piping
According to construction requirements, the connection of the gas main with the boiler must be rigid and provided with a metal pipe and docking through a metal clamp or "American". For tightness, only a paronite gasket is allowed. Rubber or tow is prohibited.
Piping schemes for floor gas boilers
Depending on the design of the unit, as well as the additional systems connected, the piping schemes for gas boilers may differ. Let's take a closer look at the most common options.
Piping of a single-circuit volatile boiler
Volatile floor gas boilers with forced circulation of the coolant are usually equipped with all the necessary parts: an expansion tank, a circulation pump, a pressure gauge, etc. Such a system is the most flexible in management. You can program a separate temperature for each room, and the automation will maintain this mode constantly.
It is worth considering that a volatile system cannot work without electricity. In addition, to extend its service life, it will be necessary to purchase a voltage stabilizer.
The piping of a single-circuit floor-standing gas boiler includes the following connections:
- gas line;
- supply to the heating system;
- return from radiators.
Piping of a single-circuit non-volatile boiler
Electricity-independent floor gas boilers do not have a circulation pump, and the coolant in such a system moves only according to the laws of physics. Do-it-yourself piping of a floor-standing gas boiler in this case is easier to do, however, in order for such a system to work effectively, many nuances should be taken into account:
- the boiler must be located as low as possible - in the pit or basement;
- in front of the heat exchanger of the unit, it is useful to build a discharge into the sewer - this will be needed for a long departure;
- as an open expansion tank, you can use any metal or plastic container connected to the bottling;
- the tank should be installed at the top of the heating system;
- The inner diameter of the pipe must not be less than 32 mm.
When installing pipes, they should be placed with a slight slope to the vertical to ensure free circulation of the coolant. The height difference between the heat exchanger of the unit and the heating radiators provides a hydraulic pressure that makes the coolant move.
If desired, such a system can be understaffed with a pump, while it does not require connection to the mains. It is cut parallel to the spill system, and a ball valve is mounted between the cuts.
Single-circuit unit with DHW supply
The piping of a single-circuit gas boiler capable of producing hot water additionally includes an indirect heating boiler. The water in it is heated from the coolant of the main circuit. It turns out that it passes through two schemes: for a large one - through the heating system, for a small one - through a boiler. Each of the two circuits is equipped with shut-off valves, which makes it possible to turn off each of them independently of the other.
An indirect heating boiler is connected to a small circulation circuit through a three-way valve. Immediately after it, a tap is placed between the supply and return. This allows you to use warm water in the summer, when there is no need for heating.
Piping diagram for a floor-mounted double-circuit boiler
The double-circuit floor gas boiler is equipped with two heat exchangers: the main one for heating, the second one for providing hot water. Both are flowing. The hot water supply circuit starts heating only when the tap is turned on, so overheating and pressure increase in it are excluded - an expansion tank is not needed in this case.
In addition to the piping connections for a single-circuit heating system, the double-circuit boiler scheme provides for the connection to the inlet pipe of the DHW heat exchanger for the supply of cold water, and to the outlet - a pipe that distributes hot water through the mixers.
It is recommended to install a coarse filter on the pipeline for supplying cold water to the DHW circuit, as well as to insert ball valves at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger.
Tying a floor gas boiler with underfloor heating
If you plan to connect underfloor heating to a gas heating system, then it should be borne in mind that in heating radiators the coolant heats up to 80ºC, and in the "warm floor" system - up to 35ºC. Therefore, they cannot be connected directly. Here, a piping scheme for a floor-standing gas boiler with a hydrocollector is suitable, which will equalize pressure and temperature.
Note! Hydraulic equalizers are included in the piping schemes for gas boilers with a capacity of 50 kW or more using several circuits.The finished hydrocollector is connected to the boiler, and then the heating system and "warm floors" are connected to the pipes of the first one. The return flow from the heating radiators is stabilized in the hydrocollector and, already prepared, is supplied to heat the floors.
The piping of a heating boiler means the calculation of the parameters of the heating system and the installation of all components - pipes, fittings, radiators, etc. An accurate piping scheme for the heating boiler allows you to achieve maximum heat transfer in the house, high coherence and efficiency of the entire system, and minimal energy consumption.
Components of the strapping
Which components and elements will be included in the set of components for the heating system depends on the type of heating system:
- Heating with natural (gravitational) circulation of heated water (coolant) - among the people, such heating is called "physics";
- Forced circulation - with the connection of a circulation asynchronous pump;
- Mixed scheme.
In solving the scheme with natural water circulation, the set of piping elements will be as follows:
- Heating boiler - after it, the heated coolant rushes up and moves through the pipes, returning to the boiler slightly cooled;
- Heating piping - most often for a “gravity” scheme, metal pipes are used larger than those plastic pipes, diameter - up to 2 inches. The diameter is selected based on the need to minimize the resistance of the coolant for its unhindered circulation;
- Expansion tank - is installed at the highest point of the system, and by design it can be open or closed type;
- Heating appliances - radiators, batteries or registers;
- Mayevsky crane - installed on a heating radiator to bleed air;
- Fittings - welded or threaded turns, twins, tees made of cast iron, brass, bronze, copper or stainless steel, tees, drains and other types of connectors;
The advantage of the "physics" system: easy self-assembly, a simple scheme, the prevalence of parts and assemblies, the cheapness of the components.
Disadvantages: large dimensions of components, inertness, insufficiently fast heating of wiring and heating devices. 
Piping for systems with different options for the circulation of the coolant
For a circuit with forced movement of the coolant, the following components must be stored:
- Heating boiler of any type - wall or floor. The difference for these models of heating units is available additional elements fittings and protection when tying a wall-mounted boiler;
- The pipes with which the heating boiler should be tied can be metal, metal-plastic or PVC;
- Membrane expansion tank with a "pear" that allows you to keep the water pressure at the same level in all circuits;
- Heating devices are the same as for the gravity circuit, but metal ones are considered more economical due to the smaller volume of water in the devices. Such radiators or batteries heat up faster, and the energy consumption for heating is less;
- Mayevsky crane - mounted on all radiators. Can be installed as a backup automatic type Mayevsky crane at the boiler outlet - to vent air from all circuits when a certain volume is accumulated;
- Fitting;
- The pump for organizing the circulation of the coolant is most often already installed in the boiler. Additional pumps can be installed in the manifold circuit;
- Hydraulic arrow. This node, operating in a beam wiring scheme, balances different contours. The arrow equalizes the pressure in the system, and ensures uninterrupted supply of coolant to each device;
- The pressure gauge is designed to control the pressure in the system, and is built into the boiler or immediately after it - into the hot water supply pipe;
- The coolant is supplied to the collector directly from the boiler, and it is intended for distributing heating circuits.
Advantages of a properly mounted forced system with a manifold and a hydraulic arrow:
- Rapid heating of the coolant in all heating devices;
- Economical energy consumption for heating;
- The binding according to the forced option allows you to equip the warm floor in the premises due to its high efficiency.
Flaws:
- The high cost of installation due to the large number of components and the availability of professional skills when handling complex devices;
- The system depends on external energy sources.
The mixed piping of the heating boiler, the scheme of which is shown in the figure below, is implemented in two versions, but preferably from metal, not metal-plastic or PVC pipes. The circulation pump is built into the system parallel to the main piping. A shut-off valve is installed on the approach to the pump so that it can be bypassed if necessary, and another shut-off valve is installed on the bypass pipe - it must be closed when the pump is running. When organizing autonomous heat exchange, instead of this valve, check valve. 
Strapping scheme using PVC
PVC pipes (ecoplastic) when tying heating boilers are very popular due to their low cost and versatility of connection characteristics. With propylene pipes, you can make a piping scheme of any complexity, any geometry and with any angle of rotation. Connect pvc pipes with a special soldering iron and the same PVC fittings. 
If the piping scheme allows, then it is desirable to use bends with smooth transitions, which exclude pressure drops in narrow places inside the pipes due to the solder seam. Polypropylene pipes can operate at temperatures up to 95 0 C, and their service life is more than 50 years without maintenance and repair.
How to choose the location of the boiler
The piping scheme of the heating unit operating with the gravitational circulation of the coolant is optimally suited for the floor version. But at the same time, the heating boiler must be installed in the lowest position relative to all wiring, since air must not accumulate in the boiler chambers. The presence of air in the jacket is a guaranteed burnout of the chamber walls. The outlet pipe of the boiler must be mounted vertically so that the air bubbles that form rise upwards - into the expansion tank or to the bleed valve.
Important! IN compulsory system heating, this condition for the verticality of the outlet pipe is not always met, so the wall-mounted boiler can be installed both at the highest point of the system and at the lowest (for example, in the attic or basement).
When piping the boiler with an additional circuit for hot water supply (hot water supply), it is connected to the supply system drinking water. Heated water from the second circuit is used in everyday life. But a single-circuit boiler can also work as a source of hot water if a secondary heat exchanger is connected to it. Most often, an iron cylinder with a supply water pipe is equipped under it.
Strapping features
Solid fuel boilers have one feature - it cannot be turned off at any time, like an electric or gas heater. 
Therefore, in such units, when installing the strapping, one of the protection systems must be installed, operating according to the following principles:
- Protection using a heat carrier is based on the operation of a safety valve that opens if it stops working circulation pump. The valve is built into the heat exchanger, and a cold pipeline is connected to it. When the pump is turned off, the valve opens and cold water when passing through the heat exchanger, it takes heat onto itself. The water heated in this way enters the sewerage system, and this will continue until the fuel in the boiler burns out completely;
- UPS (uninterruptible power supply) that runs on battery and powers the circulation pump. It is included in the UPS circuit when the external voltage is turned off;
- A small natural circuit circulates the coolant in a small circle without a pump, which means without connecting electricity;
- Auxiliary natural circuit, which is implemented on the basis of two fully functional heating circuits. When emergency the heated coolant still enters the second circuit, heating the radiators and cooling.
Safety devices
These are units and elements installed in the basic configuration of all boilers. 
- The boiler must have a built-in hot water discharge valve that operates autonomously and automatically. It looks like a valve with a nipple at the top;
- A device for trapping debris that looks like a flask. The dirt trap is mounted at the water inlet to the boiler;
- A coarse water filter is also located on the supply pipe.
Strapping installation
- The boiler is installed first. If it is a solid fuel device, then it is installed on a concrete foundation. The chimney is brought to a height that provides constant draft. The gas boiler must have an outlet in the wall for a gas discharge pipe and air return;
- The boiler is connected to the chimney by a pipe with two sleeves. Exhaust gases are discharged through the inner sleeve, air is supplied through the outer sleeve;
- Ventilation in the form of a supply valve - its operation regulates the flow of air and the degree of combustion;
- Distribution of heating pipes in rooms and premises;
- Connection of automation and expansion tanks;
- Installation of pump and temperature sensors;
- Connection to the gas pipeline and electricity, if it is not a solid or liquid fuel boiler.
The installation of the strapping does not tolerate economy and neglect of safety. For each house, it is necessary to develop a project tied to the architecture of housing.
Who among us does not dream of a comfortable microclimate in the house? Probably everyone. This can be achieved only with proper adjustment of the heating system, where the boiler plays the main role. And in order for such expensive equipment to generate heat uninterruptedly for many years, not overheat and fail, the boiler piping is needed.
What is the binding of the heating system
Piping is a set of equipment and pipes that provides radiators with a heat carrier.
The piping includes everything that is between the boiler and radiators
Simply put, the strapping is needed in order to connect the boiler with heating appliances (radiators) or with a boiler.
Many unknowingly do not attach importance to this part of the heating system and in vain. Correct binding:
In other words, the strapping ensures reliability, safety and high performance of the entire heating system, creates coziness and comfort in the house.
Piping schemes for gas boilers: connection of a thermostat, shut-off valves and hydraulic elements
The general wiring diagram is quite simple. It does not depend on the type of fuel and is suitable for any type of boilers, including condensing and solid fuel ones. Includes the following components:
The choice of binding method depends on:
The most popular is the binding of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient.
The most popular is the binding of boiler equipment with forced circulation, because it is the most practical and convenient.
An electric pump is responsible for the movement of the heat carrier in this scheme, thanks to which hot water circulates in the system.
Nevertheless, such a scheme has its drawbacks - the presence of a large number of pipes, shut-off and control valves and its considerable price, the need for balancing between all links, dependence on energy sources. This complicates the circuit and makes the installation of the heating system more expensive.
The installation of a double-circuit boiler requires just such a piping scheme.
The piping of a natural circulation boiler is much simpler than the classic one; if necessary, it can be installed independently.
The piping of the boiler with natural circulation is much simpler than the classic one; if necessary, it can be installed independently
There is no pump in this scheme, and the heat carrier propagates according to the laws of physics - cold water, being more dense, pushes out hot water with a lower density.
Such a scheme (it is also called gravitational) has a number of advantages - the affordable cost of equipment, adjustment and maintenance, the possibility of installation and prompt repair with your own hands. In addition, it does not require connection to the electrical network, therefore, it saves on a backup power generator.
But, despite this, the gravitational scheme has a serious drawback - it is suitable for tying only single-circuit boilers, it is applicable in a small house or in a country house, and pipes laid near the floor or ceiling spoil the interior.
The specifics of the installation of the piping for certain types of boilers
It all depends on the model and power of the boiler. When arranging, you should strictly follow the instructions and remember some rules:
Install the filters correctly so that all the dirt collects at the bottom, and not in the pipe. Do not forget about the direction of the coolant flow - be sure to follow the arrow
An American is an analogue of the previously popular squeal. With the help of such a device, pipes and radiators are connected
It is impossible to use collective (general) ventilation shafts to remove combustion products (this applies to apartment buildings). You can't adjust the traction in them. With excessive draft, acid dew settles on the walls of the pipes, which can sooner or later destroy the gas outlet, therefore, when arranging it, it is recommended to use pipes made of roofing sheet. And with a lack of traction, combustion products can fill the room, which is very, very dangerous.
Floor and mounted boilers
These types of boilers differ only in the installation method; there is no fundamental difference in the piping device for them. It is more expedient to install a wall view for heating a well-insulated room with an area of 80–350 m², connected to the main gas.
It is more expedient to install a wall view for heating a well-insulated large area
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters.
In all other cases, it is better to purchase a floor boiler.
With a smaller heated area, it is more rational to use electric convectors and storage water heaters
Single-circuit boilers
They have one heat exchanger and are designed for heating only. The piping is done using two pipes: for the supply and for the return line. Single-circuit boilers of the latest modifications can work in conjunction with indirect boiler and provide the house with hot water. In that case, the most simple strapping- through a three-way valve according to the principle of priority for heating water in the boiler.
Such a scheme complicates the strapping, but not too much, but its benefits are undeniable.
Tying a single-circuit gas boiler with a free-standing boiler is difficult, but extremely profitable
Double-circuit boilers
Are intended for heating and GVS (hot water supply). But, as practice shows, a double-circuit boiler cannot provide a private house enough hot water to consume. Therefore, you have to use it in turn: either in the kitchen or in the bathroom. To increase the volumes, an additional boiler can be connected to the system. But the presence of a boiler complicates the piping scheme.
The main distribution function in such a scheme falls on a three-way valve, as for a single-circuit boiler. But the principle of operation here is different: the movement of the coolant goes from the main source to the additional one and vice versa. It is this scheme that allows the coolant to gain the highest temperature (in the return line it can reach 80 ° C).
Multi-circuit heating systems are supplied with hydraulic distributors
Multi-circuit heating systems are equipped with hydraulic distributors that compensate for pressure drops in the radiators and the boiler and balance the coolant flows. In some cases, it is possible to install the system without hydraulics, while the pressure is regulated by balancing valves.
Tying a double-circuit boiler is more complicated than a single-circuit boiler and more expensive, but such a heating system is much more efficient.
Additional energy sources for a private house: generators and uninterruptible power supplies
For any piping option, it is necessary to provide for an emergency heating operation in the event of a power outage. Be sure to connect the boiler, pumps and fans to a gasoline generator that will power the equipment until the electricity turns on. If there are interruptions in gas supply in your area, it makes sense to include a parallel electric boiler in the system.
Assembly, installation and connection of gas boilers
Installation of the heating system begins with obtaining permits and approvals. It is necessary to order a detailed project for the arrangement of the boiler room, to conclude a contract for the supply of gas (if it is a private house). And only after familiarizing yourself with the project, where the parameters of the necessary equipment are prescribed, you can proceed to its purchase, assembly, installation and connection to networks.
Is it possible to install a boiler in a house or apartment
Special requirements are imposed on the room where the mini-boiler room will be located, and it is not recommended to violate them by self-activity. This is not only fraught with heavy fines, but also life-threatening, because gas is an explosive substance, and extreme care should be taken in handling it.
Video: an example of setting up a simple heating system
The main criteria for choosing a room:
The installation of small-capacity boilers is allowed in any non-residential premises. Many put them in the kitchen. If there is at least 0.2 m² of space per 1 kW of gas boiler power, then it is quite possible to obtain permission. When the kitchen is combined with the living room, an indispensable condition is the presence of a gas analyzer for the timely detection of a possible gas leak.
Small single-circuit boilers can be installed in the kitchen. Moreover, they even decorate the interior.
Double-circuit boilers are not allowed to be installed in kitchens.
The location of the equipment also depends on the power of the equipment. With a total power of up to 150 kW, it is possible to equip a boiler room on any floor, above - only on the first or basement floor.
Two boilers in one system: parallel and serial connection
Today, more and more often there is a need to install several heaters at once in a large country house or cottage. And it can be different boilers, for example, solid fuel and gas.
Two boilers in one system can be tied according to different schemes:
In a sequential scheme, the coolant heated by a solid fuel (TT) boiler enters the thermal accumulator (TA), and then is fed into a closed system with a gas boiler
When connected in parallel, the operation of the solid fuel boiler is controlled by sensors (4). With the help of a three-way valve (7) any boiler can be disconnected from the system
Subject to certain conditions (coordination with the supervisory authorities and obtaining the necessary permits), it is quite possible to implement one of these systems. At the same time, comfort is achieved (due to a gas boiler) and savings (due to a low-cost solid fuel boiler).
Concerning autonomous heating in apartments of multi-storey buildings, there are no fundamental differences in the installation and connection procedure, there are only a few features associated with the choice of equipment:
The gas boiler connection scheme is divided into 6 stages:
For a wall-hung boiler, mark the wall according to the attached template and fix the mounting bracket with fasteners
Pipes of the direct and return lines are connected through American couplings
The boiler is connected through an RCD to protect against electric shock
A gas consumption meter must be installed in front of the boiler
The thermostat is necessary to maintain the desired temperature in the room
Where is the best place to install a room thermostat?
A thermostat (sometimes called a programmer) is an automatic room appliance that regulates the operation of boiler equipment according to specified parameters. It reacts to the air temperature and gives the boiler a command to reduce or increase power. It is recommended to install the thermostat in residential premises away from heat sources, direct sun rays and drafts. It is best to place it in the coldest or most frequently used room in the house.
Features of installing the boiler in unheated rooms or on the street
In small cottages, it is sometimes advisable to install a gas boiler, for example, in the attic or even outside the house. First of all, this is done to save space in residential premises. But with such an arrangement of the heating system, the guarantee for the purchased boiler does not apply. Humidity, wind, cold and other factors will adversely affect the life of the equipment.
The situation can be corrected by installing a protective cabinet, which must comply with the regulations (the distance between the boiler and the walls of the cabinet is at least 15 cm) and be spacious enough not to interfere with the use of the boiler and its maintenance.
Video: how to independently connect a heating system for a cottage
Electrical grounding: two connection options
This is an integral part of the arrangement of heating. Without grounding, the service departments will not issue permission to put the system into operation.
Grounding is necessary not only to extend the life gas equipment but also for the safety of the residents of the house.
Grounding can be done with your own hands in two ways:
The working process:
All ground electrodes are interconnected in series using horizontal metal strips.
If the houses are at a close distance from each other, then linear grounding can be done. The sequence is the same, only the trench should run around the entire perimeter of the house. Grounding conductors are dug in every 2 m.
Grounding conductors are dug in every 2 m
The test is carried out with a special tool. At the same time, the regulatory authorities pay attention to the soil in which the ground electrodes are located. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to find out before starting work by what standards the finished structure will be evaluated.
Does a gas boiler need a chimney
A gas boiler definitely needs a chimney. You can build it with your own hands. You need to choose a suitable design, familiarize yourself with the basic requirements and perform all stages of work strictly according to the instructions.
Special requirements apply to materials. They are regulated in clause 6.2.7 of SNiP - chimney pipes must withstand mechanical loads, temperature fluctuations and not be subject to corrosion. It can be asbestos-cement, ceramic, plastic or metal pipes. The best option- stainless steel pipes as the cheapest and easiest to install.
In addition to pipes for arranging a chimney for a gas boiler, you will need:
Chimneys are internal and external.
When arranging an internal chimney, a conical tip is required to protect against precipitation
For their manufacture are used different materials, but the following requirements remain unchanged:
The chimney in the room must be insulated. A special passage block is inserted at the passage of interfloor ceilings
Step-by-step diagram of connecting the boiler to the chimney
There is no fundamental difference between internal and external chimneys. In any case, the connection begins with connecting an adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately a branch pipe). Then:
Connection begins with connecting an adapter to the branch pipe (sometimes immediately a branch pipe)
An external (wall-mounted) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install. For its arrangement, sandwich pipes are used. They are assembled on the ground, and then attached to the building with clamps, brackets and guy wires (to give greater stability). The height is calculated according to the norms, taking into account the distance from the roof ridge.
external (wall-mounted) chimney is safer and easier to assemble and install
Detailed consideration of the main aspects of installation gas heating shows that it is quite possible to make such a system with your own hands. We hope that the information provided will help you choose the right equipment, as well as mount and run it in accordance with the requirements of inspection organizations.
A heating boiler is a device in which fuel is burned and a liquid heat carrier is heated. Heat still needs to be supplied to the water circuits of radiators, underfloor heating, a boiler, etc. Here, a piping scheme for a gas heating boiler is definitely needed - everything that connects it to appliances in the premises.
Purpose of strapping
- Maintaining a stable coolant pressure in the system.
- Removal of air from the liquid that interferes with its circulation. At education air lock the passage of water through this place stops. IN correct scheme air vents are installed.
- Purification of the coolant from pollution. Mechanical impurities impair equipment performance. In this regard, it is necessary to install filters for cleaning.
- Compensation for thermal expansion of the liquid. To prevent the liquid from destroying the system with excess pressure, a tank is installed to compensate for the expansion.
- Connecting one or more circuits to the system.
- Accumulation of hot water with a connected boiler.
The simplest circuit with one circuit
The simplest piping scheme for a gas heating boiler is drawn up in accordance with its characteristics and requirements.
The piping also includes a gas supply connection to the burner.
Tying a gas heating boiler: diagram, photo
The simplest system with one circuit is compiled in accordance with its characteristics and requirements. On the supply side, a check valve and a ball valve are installed.
A pump is installed on the return or discharge pipe to create fluid circulation, which ensures uniform distribution of the coolant throughout the rooms. A strainer is connected in front of it, located down the sump. Before the liquid enters the boiler, it is advisable to install a fine filter.
An expansion tank of a closed type is installed closer to the boiler. It contains a membrane that allows you to relieve excess pressure during the thermal expansion of the liquid.
After the pump, the coolant flows through the circuit to the radiators. More modern is decoupling through a collector - a special water collector, from which liquid is distributed through several circuits. It is placed in a separate cabinet, from which the coolant is distributed through pipelines.
The piping scheme for a gas heating boiler contains a safety valve. When the coolant boils from overheating, the expansion tank may not be able to cope with the pressure surge. The consequences may be as follows:
- ruptures of pipelines and leakage of connections;
- destruction of fittings and pipes;
- boiler tank explosion.
Install as close as possible to the boiler, because the pressure begins to rise in it.
On some units, safety groups are installed, consisting of a relief valve and a pressure gauge. The devices are mounted directly in the water jacket of the boiler, but can also be installed on pipelines. On gas and electric boilers these devices can be replaced by others where, when the critical liquid temperature is reached, the burners or electric heaters are turned off.
There are many options for equipment for boilers, but the classification is based on the division into natural and forced circulation.
natural circulation
The principle of operation is based on the reduction specific gravity water when heated. The hot liquid is displaced by the cold one upwards, passes through the heating devices, gives off part of the heat and returns to the boiler for heating.
Installation of inlet and outlet pipes is carried out with a slope of at least 3 0, so that natural circulation occurs and less air accumulates in the system.
With natural circulation, the piping of the gas heating boiler (diagram below) is done so that the radiators are located above the supply pipeline.
The return line goes from above also with a slope. With proper installation and selection of pipe diameters, natural circulation is almost as powerful as forced circulation.
Advantages of the method:
- simplicity of the system;
- ease of installation;
- noiselessness of work;
- durability.
The system is suitable for heating a small house with a total floor space of no more than 100 m 2 . The disadvantages include the duration of heating the premises and the impossibility of temperature control in individual rooms.
The gravitational scheme is used mostly in small houses and in the country, with only one heating circuit. Numerous pipes spoil the interior if they are not hidden in the walls.
forced circulation
The method is most widely used, since the pump intensively pumps the coolant through the system and the heating efficiency increases by 30%.
The advantages also include the possibility of temperature control and low pipe consumption during installation. The system will still cost significantly more because it is more complex and requires more instrumentation. Installed elements require balancing, and the entire system requires regular maintenance. In addition, a source of electricity is needed.
If you install a combined system, it will combine the advantages of both previous ones. It can be switched to any mode using the bypass installed with the pump. In this case, the work of heating will not depend on the supply of electricity to the house.
Polypropylene strapping
Plastic pipes have replaced metal pipes everywhere, including for water pipes. For heating, multilayer reinforced products that withstand high pressure are used. Thanks to soldering connections, a monolithic piping of a gas heating boiler with polypropylene is obtained. Schemes are created of any complexity and in a short time.
Important! The simpler it is, the more reliable it is, and the performance is higher.
Unlike the heat carrier, the gas is connected to the boiler through metal pipe c The seal is tight and non-flammable.
Tying a floor gas heating boiler: diagram
The dimensions of a conventional floor boiler are small, but it requires a lot of space to install it together with the piping. All equipment, including a circulation pump, elbows, bushings, a manifold, taps and devices, is difficult to place compactly.
Most models are single-circuit, and hot water requires a boiler with all connections.
The hot water supply system requires a separate pump (in the absence of a central water supply), and a thermostatic mixer.
Gas must be properly connected to the boiler. For this order project documentation compiled by experts. Entering the gas pipe into the house is carried out in the presence of a shutdown device in the event of an emergency. Gas is connected by special services using special pipes, hoses and other equipment.
Installation of a wall-mounted boiler
Boilers can be hung on the wall even in the kitchen. They take up little space. The piping of a wall-mounted gas heating boiler (diagram below) is included and can even be built into the boiler. The compact layout of the equipment requires less space, but such models are more difficult to maintain.
The disadvantage of wall-mounted boilers is their low power. In addition, the devices do not work without electricity, and the natural circulation of the coolant is rarely used for them. On the other hand, almost all boilers are already equipped with electronics and electricity is necessary for them. In places with its unstable supply, you can put an uninterruptible power supply.
Most wall-mounted models provide for piping a double-circuit gas heating boiler, the scheme of which allows you to supply the house with hot water.
The disadvantage of the double-circuit option is that the heating is turned off during hot water consumption. This is especially noticeable when the boiler power is low. If it is enough, the temperature of the coolant drops by only a few degrees in a couple of hours. This applies to houses with high-quality thermal insulation and a sufficient number of radiators with thermal inertia.
Conclusion
The piping scheme for a gas heating boiler is drawn up in accordance with its characteristics and requirements. For a summer residence, a natural circulation system through one circuit is suitable, and for a large house - with forced and multi-circuit.
