What about power tools. Classes of power tools: varieties and methods of protection. Actions in emergency situations

The currently existing classes of power tools help to understand how well a particular product protects a person working with it from electric shock. In addition, the classification is subject to the level of insulation from accidental contact with parts that may be energized. The marking also includes an indicator of the protection of the tool from the ingress of solid particles and the ingress of water. The insulation class indicated in it characterizes the thermal resistance of the motor winding.

Power tools: chainsaw, perforator, electric drill, circular saw.

Varieties and methods of protection

From the point of view of operational safety, all electrical appliances and tools are divided into the following classes:

• 0 (nominal voltage over 42 V, without grounding, there is only working insulation);
• 01 (they have working insulation and a device for grounding, but there is no ground wire in the wire to the power source);
• I (there is a working insulation, equipped with a grounding element, a wire with a grounding conductor and a plug with a ground contact);
• II (there are no grounding elements, but there is reinforced or double insulation of power tool parts available for touching);
• III (they receive power from a source with a voltage of up to 42 V, they are not subject to grounding).

The international marking IP-xx indicates the class of protection against the ingress of foreign substances from the outside. It can be used not only for the power tool itself, but also for auxiliary products: plugs, shields, sockets, switches. The numeric encoding in it comes directly after the IP abbreviation. The first digit indicates how well the product is protected:

• 0 - there is no protection of the tool from mechanical impact;
• 1 - protects against contact with the hand or particles over 50 mm in diameter;
• 2 - against contact with fingers or particles larger than 12.5 mm;
• 3 - from the ingress of foreign bodies with a diameter of at least 2.5 mm;
• 4 - isolates from particles larger than 1 mm;
• 5 - full protection against contact with foreign bodies;
• 6 - fully protects against contact and dust penetration.

The second digit in the marking indicates the level of insulation of the power tool from moisture penetration. The higher this indicator, the more reliable it is:

• 1 - protects only from vertically falling drops of water;
• 2 - closes from moisture at an angle of 15 0;
• 3 - protection against drops with an angle of incidence up to 45 0 ;
• 4 - full protection with water pouring from all sides;
• 5 - safety of the product when water flows from all sides and under pressure;
• 6 - protection in case of short-term flooding.

What is electrical equipment

Currently, under the electrical equipment, experts understand the totality of all machines, mechanisms, devices that are united by a common technological scheme obtaining and processing energy. Electrical equipment is an integral part of all engineering systems, consisting of a wide variety of parts and assemblies.

So, in particular, electrical equipment includes:

Industrial low voltage installations, as well as ballasts (contactors, starters, relays, switches, etc.);

All kinds of signaling and control systems, including frequency converters and so-called soft starters;

- a variety of auxiliary devices and devices;

Industrial sensors, logic modules, cable systems, home electrical equipment (sockets, lamps, etc.).

IN modern life electrical equipment, and indeed electricity itself, are not considered something unusual. We use electricity in all areas of economic activity and are accustomed to the fact that comfort and normal conditions for work and life largely depend on it. Mankind is very dependent on electricity, because its very existence depends on it. Well, electrical equipment in this case is the conductor that brings electricity to our homes. Many people are not even aware that the world of electrical equipment is simply huge and covers not only light bulbs and meters in our apartments. There are huge research institutes whose main task is to develop ever newer and more efficient instruments and devices. Nowadays, there are even firms on the market that can develop and implement your individual projects.

Electrical equipment can be purchased from a variety of places, including specialist shops, markets and supermarkets. The purchase of such devices, as well as their installation, should be carried out only in those companies that have proven themselves in the market, have an impeccable reputation and can perform work of any complexity in the shortest possible time. Many of them, by the way, offer customers and repair of electrical equipment, which will achieve significant cost savings and bring your power systems to the state of the art in this area.

Portable power tool classes

0 - electrical receivers with working insulation, without elements for grounding and not classified as class II or III

I- electrical receivers with working insulation and an element for grounding. The wire for connecting to the power source must have a grounding conductor and a plug with a grounding contact. The designation at the grounding contact is PE or white-green stripes or the word "earth" in a circle

II- having double or reinforced insulation and not having elements for grounding. Designation - double square

III- electrical receivers for operation at safety extra-low voltage, having neither external nor internal electrical circuits operating at a different voltage. Designation - rhombus with III

Extra low (low) voltage- not exceeding 50 V AC or 120 V DC.

When working with class I, gloves, boots, galoshes, rugs are used

When connecting a class I tool through an RCD, electrical protective equipment can be omitted.

To work with portable tools and hand-held electric machines of class I in rooms with increased danger, personnel with group 2 in electrical safety should be allowed

Before starting work with hand-held electric machines, portable tools and lamps, you should:

1. determine the class of the machine or tool according to the passport
2. check the completeness and reliability of fastening parts
3. make sure by external inspection that the cable, its protective tube and plug are in good condition
4. check the operation of the switch
5. perform (if necessary) RCD testing
6. check the operation of the tool at idle
7. it is not allowed to use manual electric machines, portable tools and lamps that are defective or have not passed periodic checks or tests.
8. for class I machines, check the serviceability of the ground circuit

Employees using electric tools and manual electric machines are not allowed to:

1. transfer machines and tools, even for a short time, to other employees
2. take apart
3. make repairs
4. hold on to the wire
5. touch rotating parts or remove chips/chips until they come to a complete stop
6. install the working part in the tool chuck and remove it from the chuck, adjust the tool without disconnecting it from the mains
7. to Work with ladders, for work at height, portable scaffolding and scaffolding should be arranged

When transferring a power tool from one workplace to another or a break in work, the tool must be disconnected from the mains with a plug. The tool should be carried by holding it only by the handle.

In the event of a sudden stop, the power tool or hand-held electrical machines must be disconnected from the mains.

Please check the portable power tool requirements before purchasing. They are regulated by state standards and specifications on electrical safety.

You can get acquainted with them, for example, on the Energokontakt website.

First of all, we list what applies to portable power tools. These are electric soldering irons, electric drills, screwdrivers, wrenches, furrow cutters, electric hammers, perforators, grinding machines, portable electric heaters for technological needs, step-down transformers for powering power tools, local lighting fixtures, portable switchboards and other current collectors.

Classes

Portable power tools are divided into classes.

The zero class includes a power tool with working insulation, without grounding elements, not belonging to the second and third classes.

The first class power tool has a working insulation and an element for grounding. Its wire leading to the power source must be equipped with a grounding conductor and a plug with a grounding contact.

Class 2 power tools have double or reinforced insulation, but no grounding elements.

The power tool of the third class is designed to operate at extra low voltage (not more than 42 volts) and does not have any electrical circuits operating at a different voltage.

Voltage for tools of the first and second classes - no more than 220 volts at direct current, 380 volts - at alternating current.

room

The voltage of the tool must not exceed 380/220 volts when working in rooms without increased danger and 36 volts in other rooms or outside them.

In rooms with increased danger there is one of the following factors: high dampness (relative humidity more than 75%); temperature above 35ºС; conductive floors; conductive dust; the possibility of simultaneous contact with the metal structures of the building that have a connection to the ground, or with technological equipment- on the one hand, and with a metal case of electrical equipment - on the other.

Particularly dangerous are rooms with a relative humidity of about 100%; with a chemically active or organic medium; containing two or more risk factors.

Main general requirement for individual users - to work from the mains only if the power tool has a non-removable flexible cord with a plug. The cord must be protected from damage and contact with damp, hot and oily surfaces.

When the plug is turned on, its design must ensure the early closing of the grounding contact, and when turned off, the subsequent opening. It also needs to be protected from moisture. The power tool must be quickly connected to the network and disconnected from it (but not spontaneously).

Faults

And super important! If any, even a minor malfunction is detected, work must be stopped immediately!

Typical malfunctions of a portable power tool include: damage to the plug or cord; fuzzy operation of the switch; leakage of lubricant from the gearbox; sparking of the collector brushes with the appearance of a circular fire on the surface; the appearance of smoke, the smell of burnt insulation, hanging noise, knocking or vibration.

To ensure safe operation, it is very important that the body of the power tool is grounded.

Human

Power tools may only be operated by persons specially trained in safe handling. In the event of a malfunction, you cannot repair the tool or its cord and plug yourself - such repairs are usually not of high quality.

When working with power tools, depending on their type, you need to use personal protective equipment, which includes a cotton suit or gown, dielectric gloves, galoshes, rubber and rugs, etc. In especially dangerous rooms, the use of personal protective equipment is mandatory!

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully inspect the power tool for proper grounding and insulation of wires, the absence of bare live parts and defects. Defective power tools must not be used!

At the end of work, do not forget to unplug the power tool from the mains.

The Government of the Russian Federation has expanded the list of technically complex goods, supplementing it with a new position - electrified tools (hand-held and portable electric machines) (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 17, 2016 No. 929 "). These include, for example, electric drills, electric grinders and electric cutting machines, electric wrenches, electric hammers, etc. ().

Such a change means a special procedure for regulating the rights of consumers when defects in goods are discovered. In particular, they may refuse to fulfill the contract of sale and demand a refund of the amount paid or exchange the goods for a similar, but general rule within 15 days from the date of sale (clause 1, article 18 of the Law of the Russian Federation of February 7, 1992 No. 2300-I ""; hereinafter - the law on consumer protection).

But at the same time, these actions can also be performed after 15 days, but only in the established list of cases: if a significant defect in the goods is found (for example, which cannot be eliminated), if the deadlines for eliminating defects are violated. This also applies to cases where the product cannot be used during each year of the warranty period in the aggregate for more than thirty days due to repeated removal of it. various shortcomings ().

If the seller, at the conclusion of the contract, stipulated that he was selling the goods with defects, are the relevant requirements of the buyer subject to satisfaction? Learn from the material "The rights of the buyer in case of defects in the goods" in "Home Legal Encyclopedia" Internet version of the GARANT system. Get 3 days free!

By the way, technically complex goods currently include: digital photo and video cameras and lenses for them, refrigerators, computers, game consoles with a digital control unit, wrist and pocket mechanical watches, as well as electronic ones, etc. The same goes for some Vehicle- cars, motorcycles, floating vehicles with an electric motor and others (Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 10, 2011 No. 924 "").

Unless you work for a construction company where a competent person selects tools, most likely you need household equipment for non-professionals. How to understand the classes of power tools and understand whether the power of the model you like is enough? And vice versa - how not to overpay for those characteristics that you do not need?..

We understand how power tools and hand-held electric machines are classified.

Power classification

It's not about how loud the puncher knocks and whether you can hear the electric saw at the other end of the village. Power is the very characteristic that determines the ability of the tool to work for a long time, without stopping and overheating. How important this is depends on the tasks that are set for the equipment and the conditions of its operation.

• Industrial and Heavy Duty are portable power tool classes not found on store shelves. These are not just professional units used by craftsmen from housing and communal services or masters "for an hour". They work without a break for 16 hours, have reduced safety indicators, as they are intended for the work of professionals.
• Heavy Duty have all the same characteristics and, in addition, increased dust and moisture protection and the ability to use equipment and accessories from other models. In other words, "heavy artillery" among electrical equipment.
• Professional as a class is found on the shelves of specialized shopping centers. They already have higher security requirements, as they are known to be used by less skilled operators. They can be allowed for use in harsh conditions, as well as expand their “specialization” - for this, interchangeable nozzles and other accessories often come in a set. The target audience of this class is foremen working on call or in a small production in one shift.
• Hobby - a class of equipment that usually sits in a box for weeks and is removed for small household needs: repairs or handicraft items. It is allowed to operate extremely carefully, it is not allowed to use it for more than half an hour: a 15-minute break should be taken. A big plus is a high safety rate for non-professionals.

Classification by purpose

The most familiar division of tools for us is according to the type of work that needs to be done.

• And, finally, auxiliary tools belong to a separate class of tools: guns (glue, soldering and for knitting reinforcement), construction vacuum cleaners and hair dryers, dust collectors, spray guns, mixers for mixtures and solutions.

Classification by method of operation

Electrical safety classification

This classification is according to the method of protection against damage. electric shock– and the following are the most serious. They are placed at the end of the article because to get to know them you need to understand, for example, why professional tools have a lower security class (this is described at the beginning of the article).

Classes of power tools and hand-held electric machines can be determined by marking.

The same classification of power tools for electrical safety is applicable to other household appliances: the first class of electrical safety is most common among technology; the third is universal.

Heat resistance classification

The lower this class, the more often you have to stop the device so that it cools down (20 minutes of operation after 15 minutes of a break is the optimal value for power tools, with an increase in the class, the operating time also increases).

The resistance to heat itself depends on the material of the winding.

Classification according to the degree of protection against the penetration of foreign objects

For convenience, the marking of the IP-XX format is used, where the first digit in place of X indicates the degree of protection against solid particles, the second - from the penetration of moisture into the device.

The marking is designed to provide the user with an understanding of the hazard class of the power tool as much as possible. If doubts still remain, you need to consult with a specialist, be sure to indicate the qualifications of the operator for this tool, the conditions of use and the duration of work.