Requirements for the computer science cabinet: general rules, SanPin norms and work safety. Sanitary and hygienic requirements of the computer science cabinet

Sanitary and hygienic requirements Optimum parameters Permissible parameters Temperature, С Relative humidity, % Temperature, С Relative humidity, % When equipping and using computer rooms, it is extremely important to strictly observe sanitary rules and regulations designed to prevent adverse effects on humans of harmful factors accompanying work with video display terminals (VDT) and PC. The table shows the indicators of temperature and humidity conditions: Chapter 1. Requirements for an informatics cabinet.

Requirements for the premises of the IWT cabinet The premises of the computer science and information technology cabinet must meet the requirements of the current Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations (SanPiN). The room must be equipped with standard equipment, including technical teaching aids specified in these requirements, as well as specialized educational furniture. Height not less than 4 m. Area not less than 6 sq.m. Chapter 1. Requirements for the office of computer science.

Requirements for a set of furniture in the classroom Computer equipment should be placed on special tables that provide: tilt angle and monitor stand; keyboard stand at a level comfortable for the hands of working students; a width sufficient to accommodate all the devices of the computer; sufficient distance (at least 60 cm) from the students' eyes to the monitor surface. Chairs on which students should work should be as follows: height-adjustable seats (take into account the height of students), swivel (position regulation), height-adjustable backrests (height-adjustable support to relieve the load from lumbar working). Chapter 1. Requirements for the office of computer science.

Requirements for the organization of workplaces for teachers and students Furniture group Height of the front edge of the chair seat, mm Growth group, mm Marking color Table height, mm up to 1600 Red up to 1750 Green up to 1800 Blue 760 The cabinet must have furniture for: - organization of the teacher's workplace; - organization of workplaces for students; - For rational placement and storage of teaching aids; - to organize the use of equipment. Tables and chairs should be of different height groups with color indication: Chapter 1. Requirements for the computer science cabinet.

Requirements for equipping the classroom with equipment The room must be equipped with all the necessary equipment: 1) Computers - The number of student PCs required to equip the ICT room should be at the rate of one machine per student + one machine for the teacher 2) The ICT room must be equipped with a graph projector, video recorder , TV (diagonal not less than 61 cm), overhead projector and screen. Chapter 1. Requirements for the office of computer science.

Rules of conduct in a computer class 1) You can not come to class in dirty shoes and clothes. There must be cleanliness in the computer science classroom. This is necessary for the normal operation of computers. 2) Do not bring food into the computer science room, food crumbs and liquid can get into the keyboard and ruin it. 3) It is strictly forbidden to bring and chew into the computer science office chewing gum. 4) Wash your hands before the computer science class. If your fingers are dirty, then the keyboard keys will be just as dirty. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules of conduct in the computer class 5) Maintain discipline in the computer science room. Your prank can damage your computer. 6) Do not press the power button on the computer without the permission of the teacher. This may result in loss of computer performance. 7) Do not touch the wires connected to the computer. This is life threatening and can cause serious damage to your computer. 8) When pressing the keys on the keyboard, do not apply more force. Remember that hitting the keys hard will quickly disable the keyboard. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules of conduct in a computer class 9) Do not touch the monitor even with clean hands, it still leaves traces (fingerprints). Mode of operation The continuous duration of work on the computer should not exceed: For students in grades 1 - 5 - minutes. For students in grades 6-9 - minutes. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules for working in the classroom 1. Follow the rules for turning on and off the computer and peripheral devices. 2. Follow the rules for handling magnetic media. 3. Come into the classroom and start work only as directed by the teacher. 4. Handle the equipment carefully and carefully. 5. Sit down so that your line of sight is in the center of the display screen. 6. Don't make noise in class. 7. Leave packages and bags in the places provided for them. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

IN extreme situations In extreme situations (ignition of equipment, wiring, listening to discharges, the appearance of a smell of burning, human injury electric shock): ! Without panic, stop work, inform the teacher. ! Turn off power. ! Follow the instructor's instructions exactly. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

1) Straight back. A well-chosen chair or chair helps a lot to maintain good posture. 2) Shoulders are relaxed, elbows are bent at a right angle. When you place your fingers on the keyboard, your shoulders should not be tense, and your arms should be bent at about a 90-degree angle. 3) The position of the head. The head should be straight with a slight tilt forward. 4) Keep your distance. The distance from the eyes to the monitor screen must be at least 70 cm. Rules for working at a computer 5) Legs. The chair or armchair should have an upholstered seat, knees bent at a right angle, and feet should be flat on the floor. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Mastering touch typing is a very useful keyboard skill. The optimal height of a table or drawer for a keyboard is 68 - 73 cm above the floor. The height of the chair and table should be chosen so as to minimize strain on the muscles of the shoulders, arms and wrists. Rules for working at a computer Wrists can touch the table in front of the keyboard. But in no case should you transfer at least part of your body weight to them. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Rules for working at a computer 1) The wrist should be straight. Never lean on your wrist on a table. Do not bend the joints of the wrist: it should lie in a natural position. 2) Do not squeeze the mouse with force. This causes unnecessary muscle tension, impairs blood circulation and makes movement difficult. 3) Don't work with full outstretched hand. 4) Various accessories, such as mouse pads, pillows, and wrist rests, are only helpful if used correctly. 5) Some people prefer a regular trackball mouse. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Test for computer workers Instructions: Answer the questions "Yes" or "No". Questions: At the workplace: 1. Do your eyes get tired? 2. Do your shoulders and neck often get numb? 3. Do you feel pain in the eyes when watching the screen for a long time? 4. Is there a temporary deterioration in vision? 5. Do you feel difficulty when moving your arms (including after work)? 6. Do you often have aching pain in the wrists, hands? 7. Are there dizziness, feeling of apathy? 8. Do your eyes water often? 9. Do you feel heaviness in the back of the head? 10. Does it happen that when you look at a white object while working at a computer, it seems pink? Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Test for working at a computer Calculate the total points: For the answer "Yes" assign 1 point, for the answer "No" - 0 points. Results: 0 ... 2 - you have normal health - there are signs of the disease on your face. Beware of prolonged intensive work at the computer. It is recommended to take measures to protect against the disease. 7 ... 10 - you can become seriously ill. There is an urgent need to change the working conditions. Must be accepted Urgent measures to restore health and improve working conditions as soon as possible. Chapter 2. Safety precautions and rules of conduct in the computer class.

Implementation of the State Informatization Program school education increased the role informatics classrooms in educational institutions, which should become centers for the development of information technologies, the formation of an information culture, which will be the basis for successful use by teachers in professional and schoolchildren - in educational activities.

Informatics cabinet is a school teaching and educational unit, which:

raises the level of education;
implements the state course on informatization;
introduces students to efficient use world information space.

creation of an information picture of the world among students and the skills of using information technologies in everyday and specialized activities;
training in the principles of work and the device of modern computer technology;
development of creative abilities, stimulation of imagination, memory and theoretical thinking;
education of high morality and morality, patriotism in the younger generation.

The study load of the informatics classroom should not exceed 36 hours per week, and the remaining time can be used for extracurricular activities and lessons in other subjects that require ICT tools. Traditionally held in the informatics office:

profile courses and basic classes in informatics;
practical work;
classes in basic academic subjects requiring the use of computer technology;
independent work of students in the preparation of essays, presentations, writing programs;
integrated extra-curricular activities using information technology and computer technology;
circle, optional and extracurricular activities.

Integrated lessons are conducted with the interaction of subject teachers and computer science teachers. The former provide the content of the lesson, while the latter provide the technological part and ( , interactive whiteboard, video cameras and other software and hardware).

School computer science equipment

To ensure maximum security in the computer science classroom, it is placed on any floor of the school building, except for the basement and basement, away from rooms with increased level vibration and noise gym, music room).

The air temperature in the computer science room should not exceed 18-21 degrees Celsius, for which an air conditioning system is installed in the room and regularly ventilated to prevent a critical increase in air temperature. Wet cleaning should be carried out daily. One personal electronic computer should account for at least 6 sq.m of an office area, in which there should be artificial and (natural light should fall on the left, and the windows should face north). As artificial lighting, fluorescent lamps with light-diffusing fittings evenly distributed over the area of the ceiling in two continuous lines should be used. There must be a device protective shutdown power supply, and the electrical voltage is supplied hidden and stationary.

Computer room equipment

School office of informatics should be reliably protected, for which purpose bars are installed on the windows, local alarms are used and strong metal doors. Its area must be regulatory requirements. The front wall of the cabinet is equipped with a screen or a blackboard, and cabinets are mounted along the back for storing media and educational equipment. On the opposite wall from the windows on the exposition boards, poster material is placed with safety rules and principles of behavior in the office. Popular science, reference and methodical literature is stored in cabinets, and disks with software- in compact boxes with a high index of dust and light protection.

To facilitate the preparation of the teacher for the lesson, it is worth creating a database or file cabinet in the classroom teaching materials with alphabetical or other principle of placement and indication of storage locations.
Do not overload the room with an abundance of diagrams, reference tables and information posters.
The most interesting and important manuals and materials should be placed in front of the entrance to the office.
Demonstration and reference material on stands and posters should be updated regularly, stimulating student interest in the topic.

The location of workplaces equipped with personal computers in the office should provide free access to them for the teacher and students (more often they are placed around the perimeter or near the blank walls of the office). Computer equipment is installed properly, taking into account the comfortable position of the keyboard and monitor for students. According to tb rules in the computer science office, it should not have more than 15 jobs (regardless of the number of students, with a large class size, classes are held in groups). Student chairs should be swivel and adjustable in height and back for comfortable work. In the classroom there should be double student tables for obtaining theoretical knowledge and single tables with computers designed for individual practical work.

Workplace teachers are equipped with a computer, a graphic projector and cabinets for a printer and placed on a special podium from which all students can see it. The teacher from his place turns on and off the power supply of the students' workplaces, fixing this in the appropriate log.

List of documents in the computer science office

Before the beginning school year the principal of the school approves the composition of the school commission, which checks the readiness of the computer class for the educational process, about which an appropriate Acceptance Certificate is drawn up. The list of required documents in the computer science office includes:

Safety regulations.
Sanitary-hygienic passport
Labor protection instruction.
Rules for the use of technical teaching aids.
Rules of conduct for students in a computer class.
Logs of briefing, accounting of work on the Internet and Maintenance equipment.
Certificates of compliance of equipment with the requirements of regulatory documents.
Working hours of the informatics office.

The work of the head: instructions in the computer science room

One of the computer science teachers at the school is traditionally appointed as the head of the office. He leads computer science classroom documentation, draws up a long-term plan for improving the material base, distributes work between colleagues and students, forms a calendar plan, which is subsequently approved by the director.

The head of the informatics office performs a number of duties:

maintains an inventory journal, introduces new equipment into it and decommissions the old one;
responsible for the integrity and safety of equipment, appliances, furniture and software and hardware in the room;
monitors the functionality of the equipment, regularly performing technical maintenance and preventive maintenance, and in the event of a breakdown or failure, registers in the appropriate log;
regularly conducts periodic and introductory briefings in the computer science classroom on safety measures and rules of conduct in the classroom;
controls the serviceability of fire extinguishing equipment, switching on and registers the beginning and end of each lesson.

The head of the office is assisted by a laboratory assistant who is subordinate to him. His responsibilities include:

control over the performance of fire extinguishing equipment and compliance with safety rules by schoolchildren, for which he reports to the head;
registration of the time frame of each lesson in the time log.

Safety in the computer science classroom

The school office of computer science must comply with ergonomic, hygienic and psychological standards. Everything in the classroom should work to improve the efficiency of learning by students and the teaching process for the teacher. In computer science lessons, schoolchildren should develop practical and theoretical knowledge and skills in using computers and peripheral equipment, working with information and its resources. In computer science lessons, collective, group and individual work is organized, which requires students to comply with security requirements in the computer science classroom. That is why the organization of work in the classroom should also protect the health of students and teachers. The teacher should use expensive equipment expediently, and students should carefully and consciously use software and hardware systems, audiovisual and technical means. It is important to monitor the optimal level of noise and illumination.

Rules of conduct in the computer science office

It is important for students to know what is prohibited in the computer science classroom, and what is allowed and is mandatory in the lesson. Systematic and intentional violation of the rules of conduct is a reason to temporarily prohibit a student from working with computers.

Allowed

Forbidden

Students enter the classroom after the teacher, moving around the classroom without haste and sudden movements.
Before starting work with a PC, students wash their hands, and before starting a lesson, they check the cleanliness of clothes and shoes.
Students strictly follow the instructions of the teacher, observe discipline, order and rules of safety in the classroom.
Students are allowed to work for no longer than 30 minutes without a break, while they need to be located at a distance of more than 50 cm from the screen.
After completing work, students need to close all open windows and programs, and in case of equipment breakdown, inform the teacher about it.

Enter the office in outerwear, dirty shoes.
Bring foreign objects and put them near the computer, bring magnetized or metal objects to the PC.
Touch the monitor and other parts of computer equipment so as not to harm the devices or your own health.
Use your own virtual media without first checking them for malware and viruses.
Eat in front of the computer, play computer games at school hours.
Turn on and off the PC, rearrange, disassemble, connect and disconnect the elements of the computer device without the permission of the teacher.
Use profanity in class.
8.Reinstall or remove computer programs installed on the PC.

Conducting the first lesson in the computer science room, the teacher distributes jobs among the students, taking into account the characteristics of their hearing, vision and growth, conducts an initial briefing, introducing safety rules in the office of computer science, through the safety test, noting the results in the briefing log. Students must understand that they are responsible for the safety of work and the safety of classroom equipment. In the briefing log, the teacher notes his first and last name, the date of the briefing and the test for it, summary and a list of names of students who successfully passed the TB test.

Students have the right to consult a teacher and refuse to continue working at a computer if the conditions or duration of work exceed sanitary standards. If the safety of others depends on the operation of the PC, students can independently disable them, taking into account the possible risks.

Security in the computer science classroom: basic requirements

Students who have no contraindications for health reasons and have undergone initial instruction are allowed to work in a computer class. Rules of conduct in the computer science office regulate the activities of all participants in the educational process.

Before starting work	The office of computer science should be ventilated, the air temperature in it should not exceed 21-23 degrees Celsius, and the relative humidity should not exceed 60%. It is necessary to check the operability of all systems and devices, adjust the brightness level of monitor screens at the level of 35 cd/m3.
During work	Computers are turned on only at the command of the teacher, only one student works at one PC, sitting at a distance of 60-70 cm from the monitor screen, so that the eye level falls on 2/3 of the height of the monitor or its center. The notebook for notes should be at a distance of 50-60 cm from the eyes, it is necessary to monitor the sufficient level of lighting and a clear and stable image on the screens (without glare and flicker). To relieve eye strain, you should do gymnastics for the eyes.
After finishing work	According to the instructions of the teacher, computers are turned off, workplaces are put in order, and the office is ventilated.
In an emergency	If malfunctions are found in the operation of the PC, it is turned off and the teacher is informed. If the student feels unwell (feels nausea or headache), work with the PC is stopped, and the teacher is informed about it. In the event of a fire or electric shock, the device is turned off, and teachers are informed about it.

Requirements safety precautions in the computer science office provide for the interaction of students and the teacher at all stages of work in a computer class. Students must follow the instructions of the teacher, and if the computer causes them difficulties or seems suspicious, the teacher is immediately informed about this, without trying to fix the problem on their own. Teenagers should take care of the hardware and software equipment, do not touch the monitor with their hands, do not hit the table with the mouse, and easily press the keyboard buttons. Computer lab security prohibits students from getting up from their seats when the teacher enters the room.

To the main actions prohibited in the computer science classroom, refers to:

usage open fire(firecrackers, lighters or matches);
the use of flammable agents and substances (gunpowder, paints, varnishes);
work with faulty electrical appliances in the presence of a corresponding smell of burning wires;
blockage of passages to the escape routes and the fire shield with foreign objects;
extinguishing fires with conventional fire extinguishers or water;
putting out fires by students.

In the event of smoke or fire, all electrical appliances are disconnected from the network, the source of ignition is identified and eliminated. If the initial measures to eliminate the fire were ineffective, an alarm is announced, the students are evacuated, the fire brigade is called.

You can learn more about equipping the computer science room at school in the articles:
1.

The premises of the IWT cabinet must have natural and artificial lighting in accordance with SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.

The main stream of natural light should be on the left. The orientation of window openings should be north or northeast. It is not allowed to direct the main luminous flux of natural light behind and in front of the PC operating. With double-sided lighting at a depth of more than 6 m in the cabinet, a right-sided lighting device is required, the height of which must be at least 2.2 m from the floor.

In the lighting installations of the IWT cabinet, a general lighting system should be used, made by ceiling or pendant fluorescent lamps, evenly spaced along the ceiling in rows in the form of solid lines on both sides of the desktop with a PC or VDT. Lamps, as well as window light apertures, should not be reflected on the screens of a PC or VDT.

The illumination of the surface of student tables under artificial lighting should be in the range of 300-500 lux. Luminaires must have light-scattering fittings.

For classrooms with PCs and VDTs, lamps of the LP036 series with high-frequency start-controlled devices (VCHPRA) should be used. It is possible to allow the use of luminaires without VChPRA in the "oblique light" modification.

In rooms with a PC, due to air pollution by anthropogenic organic substances and carbon dioxide, it is recommended to have supply and exhaust ventilation that provides optimal temperature and humidity conditions for all climatic zones.

With absence supply and exhaust ventilation you can organize air conditioning with the help of household air conditioners.

Calculation of air conditioners should be carried out by a ventilation engineer depending on their performance, the amount of excess heat from cars, people, solar radiation and artificial lighting sources.

The IWT office should be equipped with a washbasin with hot and cold water supply.

The power supply of the cabinet must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 28139-89 and PUE.

The supply of electrical voltage to the tables of students and teachers must be stationary and hidden.

The location of the electrical panel and the Residual Current Device should give the teacher the ability to instantly turn off the power supply system. Recommended placement is to the left or right of the chalkboard.

To ensure fire safety, the office of the MBT must be equipped with 2 carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (type OU-2).

For painting walls and panels should be used bright hues paints (p=0.5-0.6). The composition of the paints must exclude the occurrence of lime dust.

The surfaces of the enclosing structures of the cabinet, blackboard, desktops should be matte.

The surface of the floor must be smooth, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, and have antistatic properties.

For interior decoration interior of premises with PCs and VDTs, it is not allowed to use synthetic materials that release harmful chemicals and compounds into the air. These include chipboard, laminated paper plastic, washable wallpaper, rolled synthetic coatings, etc.

The noise level at the workplace in all classrooms with VDT and PC should not exceed 50 dBA. (Sanitary norms for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development N 3077-84, clause 7.2).

Requirements for the premises of the ICT office

The office of informatics and computer technology (MWT) is organized as an educational unit of a secondary general education and vocational school, a training and production plant, equipped with a set of educational computer equipment (KUVT), teaching and visual aids, educational equipment, furniture, office equipment and devices for conducting theoretical and practical, classroom, extra-curricular activities in the course "Fundamentals of Informatics and Computer Engineering" (OIVT), both basic and specialized. In addition, KIVT can be used in teaching various subjects, labor training.

The area of the premises of the IWT office is determined in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory document "Educational and material base of an educational institution of general secondary education" part I. "Norms and requirements for educational buildings and school plots", as well as SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96.

Placement of KIVT in all educational institutions in the basement and basement is not allowed.

The minimum area per one PC must be at least 6 square meters. m., and the volume - not less than 24.0 cubic meters. m. with a height of at least 4 m. With a lower height of the training room, it is recommended to increase the area by one workplace.

At the office of IWT, a laboratory area of at least 18 square meters should be organized. m. The laboratory room should have two exits: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation.

The area of the office should allow you to arrange furniture in it in compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards.

The front wall of the KIVT is equipped with a blackboard for felt-tip pens, a screen, a cabinet for storing visual aids and information media.

At the entrance to the IWT office, built-in or wall-mounted cabinets (shelves) for briefcases should be provided.

To the left of the blackboard, in the teacher's working area, an electrical switchboard with a control panel for power supply to the workplaces of the teacher and students should be fixed on the wall.

Drawers for tables are installed under the board or separately under the stands. Holders (or a bar with holders) are attached to the upper edge of the board for hanging tables.

On the wall opposite the windows, exposition boards with permanent and temporary information are placed.

Along the back wall, it is possible to install a sectional cabinet for storing educational equipment and information media, depending on the area of the office.

The upper part of the back wall of the classroom should be designed to display the manuals necessary for studying individual topics of the program.

Quite stringent requirements are imposed on the premises of the informatics office, determined primarily by SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96 and SanPiN 2.4.2.1178-02. These requirements apply to a number of parameters.

Thus, the placement of an informatics office (as well as any other educational premises) is not allowed in basements and basements.

The floor surface in the office should be flat, without potholes and cracks, non-slip, easy to clean and wet cleaning, have antistatic properties and have a plank, parquet or linoleum flooring on an insulated base. The walls must be smooth, allowing them to be cleaned with a wet method.

At the entrance to the informatics office, built-in or wall cabinets (shelves) should be provided for storing student briefcases and bags.

The informatics office must have an adjacent room - a laboratory room - with an area of at least 18 m 2 with two entrances: to the training room and to the landing or to recreation.

Typically, an informatics office is equipped with a security system for the premises, which allows it to be alarmed at the end of work.

The area of the classrooms is taken at the rate of 1 student 2.5 m2 with frontal forms of classes; 3.5 m 2 - for group forms of work and individual lessons (note that the same document limits the occupancy of the class, which should not exceed 25 people).

At the same time, in the informatics office, it is necessary to adhere to norms for placement of computer equipment: 1 PC requires at least 6 m 2 of area 1 and 24 m 3 of volume.

All materials used for interior decoration, soundproofing, etc. Cabinet, must be allowed for use by bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision. Do not use particle boards, laminated paper, synthetic carpets, etc. that release harmful chemicals into the air.

Used to furnish classrooms Decoration Materials and paints that create a matte surface with reflection coefficients: for the ceiling - 0.7-0.8; for walls -0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5.

The following paint colors should be used:

For the walls of classrooms - light colors of yellow, beige, pink, green,
blue

For furniture (desks, tables, cabinets) - colors natural wood or light green;

For chalkboards - dark green, dark brown;

for doors and window frames- white.

- ((1 Such a calculation will be correct only for full-fledged classrooms equipped with 9-15 computers. So, if there are only 2-3 computers in the computer science classroom of a rural school, then an area of 12-18 m 2 is not enough. The calculation takes into account the number of students (say , 10 people).Then the area of the office should be from 25 to 35 m 2.)

- Lighting. The computer science room should have natural and artificial lighting. Unfavorable lighting conditions make it difficult to work at video terminals and contribute to the formation of deviations in the function of vision.

Daylight should be carried out through windows oriented mainly to the north and northeast. The main stream of natural light should be on the left, possibly on the right. The direction of the main flow of natural light in front and behind is not allowed.

The placement of the RMU should prevent direct sun rays, excessive contrast, and light reflection on the display screen. For this purpose, window openings should be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, single-color pleated curtains made of light-colored dense fabric, external visors, etc. There are additional requirements for curtains: their color must be in harmony with the color of the walls and furniture (by no means black), the width is 2 times the width of the windows.

Curtains made of PVC film are not used. In the non-working state, the curtains must be placed in the piers between the windows.

To maximize the use of daylight and uniform illumination of classrooms, you should:

Plant trees no closer than 15 m, bushes - no closer than 5 m from the building;

Do not paint over window panes;

Do not place flowers on windowsills. They are placed in portable flower beds high
that 65-70 cm from the floor or hanging planters in the window piers;

Cleaning and washing of glasses should be carried out 2 times a year (in autumn and spring).

artificial lighting in the computer science office should be carried out by a system of general uniform lighting.

In the office, a system of general uniform lighting should be used. Luminaires with fluorescent lamps are located parallel to the light-bearing wall at a distance

1.2 m from outer wall and 1.5 m from the inside. General lighting should be performed in the form of continuous lines of lamps located on both sides of the workplaces, parallel to the user's line of sight in the row arrangement of the RMU (Fig. 7).

With a perimeter arrangement of computers, the lines of lamps should be located locally above the desktop closer to its front edge facing the operator.

The monitor screen should be located in the zone of the protective corner of the luminaire and its projection should be outside the screen of the video monitor.

Lamps should not be reflected on the screen of a PC or VDT, as well as window light openings. Illumination on the surface of the table should be in the range of 300-500 lux.

When designing an artificial lighting system for classrooms, it is necessary to provide for separate switching on of lighting lines.

“Guidelines for the equipment and use of computer science classrooms, classes with personal electronic computers or video display terminals in educational institutions of the general secondary education system” recommend “using JLPO-36 series lamps with high-frequency ballasts (HF ballasts). It is possible to allow the use of luminaires without HF ballast in the “oblique light” modification.

In the absence of these luminaires, it is allowed to use luminaires with a metal shielding grille and opaque sidewalls for general lighting of series, the preference of which is indicated by the listing sequence:

1. LP013 - 2 x 40 / B - 01; 6. LS005 - 2 x 40 - 003;

2. LP013 - 4 x 40 / B - 01; 7. LS004 - 2 x 36 - 008;

3. LSP13 - 2 x 40 - 06; 8. LP034 - 4 x 36 - 002;

4. LSP13 - 2 x 65 - 06; 9. LP034 -4x58-002;

5. LS005-2x40-001; 10. LP031 - 2x40-002 ".

For general lighting of classrooms, it is recommended to use fluorescent lamps of the following types: LS002-2x40, LP028-2x40, LP0022x40, LP034-4x36, TsSP-5-2x40, as well as other lamps of the type given with similar lighting characteristics and design.

The blackboard, if available in the classroom, should be equipped with spotlights and illuminated by two lamps of the JLPO-125 or LPO-30-40-122 (125) series installed parallel to it. These lamps are placed 0.3 m above the top edge of the board and 0.6 m towards the classroom in front of the board. The illumination of the blackboard should be 500 lux.

To ensure normal lighting in the computer science room, it is necessary to clean the fixtures at least twice a year.

In the computer science classroom, optimal microclimate parameters:

Table 15

The office must be equipped with an air conditioning system or efficient supply and exhaust ventilation.

To increase the humidity in the computer science room, it is recommended to use air humidifiers filled daily with distilled or boiled water. drinking water. For this, open containers with water can also be used, for example, an aquarium, which will also serve the purposes of the aesthetic design of the cabinet.

The area of transoms and vents in classrooms must be at least 1/50 of the floor area. Transoms and vents should function at any time of the year.

The computer science classroom should be ventilated before and after each academic hour of training, which ensures an improvement in the quality of the air, including the air-ion mode. On warm days, it is advisable to conduct classes with open transoms and vents.

SanPiN is also presented noise and vibration requirements in the computer science room: the noise level at the RMU should not exceed 50 dB. Equipment (printers, etc.), the noise levels of which exceed the norms, must be located outside the office.

The computer science cabinet should not border on premises in which noise and vibration levels exceed the normalized values (workshops, gyms, etc.). You can reduce the noise level in the office by using sound-absorbing materials for finishing the room (approved by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia). Additional sound absorption is provided by window curtains made of dense fabric.

The document makes the following requirements for passage sizes and distances between pieces of equipment(in cm):

Between the rows of double tables - at least 60;

Between a row of tables and an outer longitudinal wall - at least 50-70;

Between a row of tables and an internal longitudinal wall (partition) or cabinets,
standing along this wall - at least 50-70;

From the last tables to the wall (partition) opposite the blackboard - not
less than 70; from the rear wall, which is external, - at least 100;

From the demonstration table to the training board - at least 100;

From the first desk to the training board - 240-270;

The greatest distance of the last place of the student from the educational board - 860;

The height of the lower edge of the training board above the floor is 80-90;

The angle of visibility of the board (from the edge of the board 3 m long to the middle of the extreme place I teach
at the front table) - not less than 35° for students of the II-III level and not less than 45° for
children 6-7 years old.

When organizing an informatics cabinet, consideration should be given to fire and electrical safety rules.

The power supply of the cabinets (laboratories) should be carried out from a switchboard with isolation transformers connected to electrical input through a protective shutdown device (UZOSH).

All used demonstration, laboratory and other electrical appliances must meet the requirements of the Rules for the Technical Operation of Electrical Installations (PTE) and the Safety Rules (PTB) with voltages up to 1000 V when conducting classes in the classrooms (classrooms) of an educational institution and the practice of students at industrial facilities.

It is forbidden to use home-made devices and apply AC voltage above 42 V and DC voltage above 110 V to laboratory tables (the exception is PCs, which can be supplied with a supply voltage of 220 V with a frequency of 50 Hz).

All outlets must be rated for voltage. All current-carrying parts of electrical appliances must be reliably insulated.

Checking the condition of the elements of the grounding device, the presence of a circuit between the ground loop and the grounding elements, measuring the resistance of the grounding device, electrical networks, electrical appliances and electrical equipment, in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules (PUE), is organized annually by the director or the person responsible for the electrical economy of this educational institution with the preparation of an act .

The office of informatics must be equipped with fire extinguishing equipment. Fire safety in the office is organized in accordance with the Fire Safety Rules for secondary schools, vocational schools, boarding schools, orphanages, preschool, out-of-school and other educational institutions.

In the room of the office and in the laboratory, it is installed by a water tap and a sink with a hydraulic shutter.

The required minimum fire extinguishing equipment for the cabinet includes:

Powder and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers (at least two) placed directly in the office and laboratory or in the immediate vicinity of the office;

A lidded box with dry screened sand with a capacity of 0.05 m3, equipped with a scoop with a capacity of at least 2 kg of sand. Instead of a box, it is allowed to place sand in metal vessels with a capacity of 4-6 kg;

Capes made of fire-retardant fabric measuring 1.2x1.8 m and 0.5x0.5 m.

A fire in the informatics room must be immediately eliminated by first de-energizing the room, while:

Wiring should be extinguished with sand, fire-retardant cloth, powder fire extinguishers;

De-energized equipment can be covered with a fire-retardant cloth, extinguished with powder fire extinguishers;

De-energized electrical wiring can be extinguished with water.
Workplaces for students and teachers

According to , educational premises include: a working area (placement of study tables for students), a teacher's working area, additional space for placing educational visual aids, technical teaching aids (TUT), an area for individual studies of students and possible vigorous activity.

Optimal dimensions working area students depend on the angle of visibility (associated with the distance from the board to the first side rows - desks). It should be at least 35° for students of levels II-III and at least 45° for students aged 6-7.

Placement of workplaces and equipment

For more than fifteen years of studying computer science at school, various ways placement of equipment in the office. Basic requirements for optimal placement:

1) the safety of students, teachers and equipment;

2) convenience for students;

3) convenience for the teacher in terms of lesson management, a combination of various forms
training, organization of control;

4) convenience for maintenance and repair;

5) optimal use of space.

The stated requirements are contradictory. So, the most dangerous zone is the zone of connectors. But access to it is needed for maintenance and repair.

We will consider and evaluate the main options for the placement of student workplaces (SWP), which can be carried out in the following ways:

A) row - historically, the first type of computer placement in the computer science room, in which the tables are arranged in the traditional way (Fig. 8, 27-28).

b) central placement, at which two rows of tables with a PC stand without a break in
the center of the office, and their screens are facing in opposite directions (Fig. 9, 29-30).

V) perimeter placement, in which tables with a PC are located along the walls
cabinet (Fig. 10, 31-35). This accommodation option best meets the requirements
according to SanPiN.

Rice. 8. Row placement of RMU

Rice. 9.Central placement of RMU

Rice. 10. Perimeter placement of RMU

To the placement of RMU the following sanitary and hygienic requirements are imposed:

Perimeter placement is carried out in compliance with the following distances:
between a wall with window openings and tables with a PC - at least 0.8 m; near the wall,
opposite window openings, tables can be installed directly
or at a distance of 0.1 m;

by doing creative work, requiring significant mental stress or high concentration of attention, RMU should be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5-2 m high;

Row arrangement is possible under the following condition: the distance from the rear along
the top of one monitor to the screen of another should be at least 2 meters;

In any case, the distance between the side surfaces of the video monitors should
be at least 1.2 m.

The arrangement of students' workplaces in the classroom should provide free access for students and teachers during the lesson to the workplace, the possibility of active communication between students and the teacher.

The best option, from the point of view of labor safety and the creation of constant levels of illumination during work, is the perimeter arrangement of desktops with

The article proposes an original
RMU placement option (Fig. 36). On fig. eleven
a fragment of the scheme is presented. Because students
in the classroom you have to change the view quite often
activities (lectures, conversations, practical and
Rice. 11. Author's placement of RMU intermittent work, etc.), the workplace should be organized so that the transition from one mode of operation to another occurs with a minimum waste of time, and most importantly, without weakening attention. This can be achieved by a special arrangement of the table with a computer and desk for each student and their mutual orientation.

Work at a PC or VDT with the above options for arranging workplaces should be carried out with artificial lighting and curtained windows, which makes it possible to provide a constant level of illumination on the desktops.

There are other options for placing the RMU (Appendix 13, Fig. 37, 39). However, they often either do not comply with SanPiN, or are inconvenient for conducting classes, or use the area of the office inefficiently.

For example, such an arrangement of RMU is proposed, in which tables of non-traditional shapes are used. This takes into account the possibility of joint work of students with and without the use of a computer; the possibility of dialogue; isolation of groups relative to each other; the possibility of communication TCO. At the same time, in such classrooms, the need to work with the whole class is not sufficiently taken into account.

In the work it is recommended to use workplaces manufactured by Pitsco, USA (Fig. 37, 39). As can be seen from the figure, the tables of one group are placed at an angle of 90°. A group of 2 people can work at such tables. However, from the point of view of psychology and pedagogy, a group of 3-5 people is optimal for communication and work. Therefore, RMUs are proposed, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 37.

RMU tables are placed at an angle of 120°. In the middle of the workplace there is a PC with all the technical means that are part of the system. Three workplaces are placed to each other in a circle, forming The educational center, for which 9 students work. The place occupied by the center is a circle with a diameter of 3-3.5 m. The workplaces are divided among themselves by three partitions. This placement allows you to simply organize a local network, all communications are closed and do not interfere with students.

Note that an original and interesting solution in many respects may not be allowed by the SES authorities. In particular, the requirements regarding the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors, orientation relative to window openings, and the number of people working on a PC are not met. Therefore, all author's developments regarding the layout of the computer science classroom and students' workplaces must be carefully thought out, planned and agreed with the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities.

New SanPiN impose increased requirements on educational furniture. So, in classrooms, student tables (single and double), classroom, drawing or laboratory tables can be used. The table arrangement is usually three-row, but two-row or single-row (interlocked) table arrangements are possible.

Students should be provided with a comfortable workplace at a desk or table. in accordance with the growth and condition of vision and hearing. To select furniture according to the height of students, its color marking is made (Table 2). Stools or benches are not used instead of chairs.

Desks (tables) are placed in classrooms by numbers: smaller ones are closer to the blackboard, larger ones are farther away. For children with impaired hearing and vision, desks, regardless of their number, are placed first, and students with reduced visual acuity should be placed in the first row from the windows. Children who often suffer from acute respiratory infections, sore throats, and colds should be seated further from the outer wall. It seems to us that it will be very difficult to implement these requirements in a classroom system: tables (desks) will have to be rearranged before each lesson.

The workplaces of students equipped with a PC or VDT, and the organization of their equipment must comply with the hygienic requirements of the Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN 2.2.2.542-96 -). The computer science cabinet is equipped with single tables designed to work on a PC or VDT with all the necessary peripheral devices. The tables are supplied with power and a LAN cable. Tables are equipped in accordance with safety requirements and are fixed to the floor. The general electrical power supply circuit for the computer science cabinet is included in the accompanying documentation supplied with the electrical equipment kit for KUVT. All PCs or VDTs should be grounded.

The design of a single table for working with a PC or VDT should include:

Two separate surfaces: the first is horizontal for placing a PC or VDT
with smooth height adjustment within 520-760 mm and the second - for a keyboard with smooth
adjustable in height and angle of inclination from 0 to 15° with secure fixation in the optimum position
sideways position (12-15 °), which helps to maintain the correct working posture of students
without a sharp tilt of the head forward;

The width of the surface for a PC or VDT and a keyboard is at least 750 mm, and if available
printer - 1200 mm;

The depth of each of the indicated surfaces of the table is at least 550 mm;

The support of the table surfaces on the riser located in the center; in the riser must pass
install power wires and a local network cable with the necessary requirements
on electrical safety, and the table base must be equipped with a footrest;

Lack of boxes.

The height of the edge of the table facing the person working at the PC or VDT, as well as the height of the chair, should be taken in accordance with the height of the student in shoes according to Table. 16.

Table 16 Furniture dimensions and markings

The width and depth of the legroom under the table is determined by the design of the table. A situation is allowed in which a table with a PC or VDT rests not on a riser, but on legs, but with strict observance of its compliance with the growth characteristics of students in shoes. IN " methodological recommendations on the equipment and use of computer science classrooms, classes with personal electronic computers or video display terminals in educational institutions of the general secondary education system” says:

“If it is impossible to equip the classroom with tables with adjustable height surfaces for different height groups of students, the height of the table surface above the floor level for the keyboard should be 725 mm. In the absence of a table supported by a riser and height-adjustable surfaces for working on a PC or VDT, you can allow temporarily:

The location of the keyboard on the student table, and the video monitor on the stand or
hanging it on a bracket at the student's table;

Arrangement on two student tables put together: on one - video
Nitor, on the other - a keyboard ..

If there is a high table and chair that does not match the height of the students, a footstool should be used. Stand design: width - 300 mm, length - 400 mm, angle of inclination of the supporting surface 20°. The stand must have a height adjustment within 150 mm. The surface of the stand must be corrugated, along the front edge - a side 10 mm high. In our opinion, the provisions set forth in the above quote do not meet the requirements of the new SanPiN.

Table tops should be in the color of natural wood. Pale blue, pale green or pale gray are allowed. Table surfaces should be matte. Tables with a PC or VDT should be equipped with chairs with lift-and-swivel seats and backs adjustable in height and tilt angles, as well as with the ability to adjust the distance from the back to the front edge of the seat. In this case, the adjustment of each parameter should be carried out separately, without much effort and be reliable. The rotation of the seat and back of the chair around the axis must be within ± 180 °.

Seats and backs of chairs should be semi-soft, covered with a breathable, non-electrifying and non-slip material that can be easily cleaned from dirt. The main dimensions of the chair, depending on the growth characteristics of students, are presented in Table. 17.

Table 17 Basic chair dimensions for pupils and students

Chair parameters	Height of pupils and students in shoes, see
116-130	131-145	146-160	161-175	> 175
Seat height above the floor, mm
Seat width, not less than, mm
Seat depth, mm
Height of the lower edge of the backrest above the seat, mm
Height of the upper edge of the backrest above the seat, mm
Height of the deflection line of the back, not less than, mm
Bend radius of the front edge of the seat, mm	20-50
Seat tilt angle, hail.	0-4
Angle of inclination of a back, hail.	95-108
Backrest radius in plan, not less than, mm

The presence of tables and chairs in accordance with the growth characteristics of students helps to ensure proper fit and prevent deviations from the musculoskeletal system.

The arrangement of the RMU in the classroom should ensure electrical safety and safety from electromagnetic radiation, free access for students and the teacher during the lesson to each workplace.

Additionally, the computer science room is equipped with double student tables based on the number of students. Student tables are located in the center and are designed for conducting theoretical classes, individual, group work that does not require the use of a PC, or for performing tests, which allows you to diversify the educational process, taking into account the individual characteristics of students, focus when explaining to the teacher educational material and contributes to the safety of computer equipment. Additional tables also allow some of the students to engage in other activities in the machineless version, as well as alternate them. These tables are arranged in one or two rows.

Correct fit students at a desktop with a PC or VDT contributes to the normal functioning of the organs and systems of the body, the prevention of posture and vision disorders, the preservation of health and good performance. Proper seating is ensured by selecting a table and chair in accordance with the above requirements.

With proper seating, students should sit up straight without slouching. The back should be supported in the region of the lower angles of the shoulder blades, the forearms should be at right angles to the shoulders and rest on the inclined surface of the table with the keyboard; thereby removing static tension from the muscles of the shoulder girdle and arms. The edge of the chair seat should extend beyond the edge of the table facing the student by 5-7 cm. The angle formed by the lower leg and thigh should be 90-120 °, the feet should rest on the floor or footrest.

The video monitor screen should be at a distance of 60-70 cm from the user's eyes.

The head should be tilted slightly forward (no more than 15°). Eye level with a vertical monitor screen should be at the center or 2/3 of the height of the screen. The line of sight should be perpendicular to the center of the screen and its optimal deviation from the perpendicular passing through the center of the screen in the vertical plane should not exceed ± 5o, ± 10o is acceptable (Fig. 12).

Within the accessibility zone of ± 30 ° there should be textbooks, a music stand. Students with moderate myopia and farsightedness (more than 3 diopters) must wear glasses while watching a video monitor.

Regardless of the number of student places created in the classroom, the KUVT includes teacher's workplace (RMP). It is placed in such a way that it is most convenient for the teacher to perform his functions: work individually and with the whole class, use TCO, control the work of students in the class.

The teacher's table with two cabinets for a printer and a graph projector (Fig. 13) is installed on the podium and equipped with equipment in accordance with the "List of computer equipment ..." (Appendix 14).

Rice. 13. Teacher's desk

The pedestals provide 1-2 drawers with dimensions of at least 350x500x100 mm for accessories, magnetic media and banners based on the current day of classes. The table is used for setting up a PC and keeping records.

The teacher's PC consists of a system unit with interfaces for connecting external devices and student workstations, keyboards, information display devices and external memory devices.

In addition, the teacher's workplace is equipped with a printer, a set of cables and LAN adapters, sets of magnetic media, as well as a demonstration color video monitor.

The teacher's table must be supplied with power to connect a PC, printer, graph projector. During the lesson, the teacher connects the power supply to the RMU and turns it off and notes this in the appropriate journal at each lesson.

Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations

SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03

"Hygienic requirements for personal electronic computers and organization of work"

I. General provisions and scope

1.1. These state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Sanitary Rules) have been developed in accordance with federal law"On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" dated March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, art. 1650) and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2000 Year No. 554 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, Art. 3295).

1.2. Sanitary rules are valid throughout the Russian Federation and establish sanitary and epidemiological requirements for personal electronic computers (PCs) and working conditions.

1.3. The requirements of the Sanitary Rules are aimed at preventing adverse influence on human health of harmful factors of the production environment and the labor process when working with a PC.

1.4. These Sanitary Rules determine the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for:

Design, manufacture and operation of domestic PCs used in production, education, at home, in PC-based gaming machines;

Operation of imported PCs used in production, in education, at home and in gaming complexes (automatic machines) based on PCs;

Design, construction and reconstruction of premises intended for the operation of all types of PCs, production equipment and gaming complexes (automatic machines) based on PCs;

Organization of workplaces with a PC, production equipment and gaming complexes (automatic machines) based on a PC.

1.5. The requirements of the Sanitary Rules apply to:

On the conditions and organization of work with a PC;

On computing electronic digital machines personal, portable; peripheral devices of computing systems (printers, scanners, keyboards, external modems, electrical computer network devices, information storage devices, uninterruptible power supplies, etc.), information display devices (video display terminals (VDT) of all types) and gaming complexes based on a PC.

1.6. The requirements of the Sanitary Rules do not apply to the design, manufacture and operation of:

Household televisions and television game consoles;

Means of visual display of information of microcontrollers built into technological equipment;

PC Vehicle;

PC moving in the process of work.

1.7. Responsibility for the implementation of these Sanitary Rules rests with legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in:

Development, production and operation of PCs, production equipment and gaming complexes based on PCs;

Design, construction and reconstruction of premises intended for the operation of PCs in industrial, administrative public buildings, as well as in educational, cultural and entertainment institutions.

1.8. individual entrepreneurs and legal entities in the process of production and operation of the PC, production control over compliance with these Sanitary Rules should be carried out.

1.9. Workplaces using a PC must comply with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules.

II. PC requirements

2.1. PCs must comply with the requirements of these sanitary rules and each type is subject to sanitary and epidemiological examination with an assessment in testing laboratories accredited in in due course.

2.2. The list of products and controlled hygienic parameters of harmful and hazardous factors is presented in Appendix 1 (Table 1).

2.3. Permissible levels of sound pressure and sound levels generated by the PC should not exceed the values presented in Appendix 1 (Table 2).

2.4. Temporary allowable levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) generated by the PC should not exceed the values presented in Appendix 1 (Table 3).

2.5. Permissible visual parameters of information display devices are presented in Appendix 1 (Table 4).

2.6. Concentrations harmful substances emitted by the PC into the indoor air should not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations (MPC) established for atmospheric air.

2.7. The exposure dose rate of soft X-ray radiation at any point at a distance of 0.05 m from the screen and the body of the VDT (on a cathode-ray tube) at any position of the adjusting devices should not exceed 1 μSv / hour (100 μR / hour).

2.8. The design of the PC should provide the ability to rotate the case in a horizontal and vertical plane with fixation in a given position to ensure frontal observation of the VDT screen. The design of the PC should provide for painting the case in soothing soft colors with diffuse light scattering. PC case, keyboard and other PC units and devices should have a matte surface with a reflection coefficient of 0.4 - 0.6 and not have shiny parts that can create glare.

2.9. The design of the VDT should provide for the regulation of brightness and contrast.

2.10. Documentation for the design, manufacture and operation of a PC should not contradict the requirements of these sanitary rules.

III. Requirements for premises for working with a PC

3.1. Premises for the operation of the PC must have natural and artificial lighting. Operation of the PC indoors without natural light is allowed only with appropriate justification and the presence of a positive sanitary-epidemiological conclusion issued in the prescribed manner.

3.2. Natural and artificial lighting must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory documentation. Windows in rooms where computer equipment is used should mainly be oriented to the north and northeast.

Window openings must be equipped with adjustable devices such as blinds, curtains, external visors, etc.

3.3. It is not allowed to place places for PC users in all educational and cultural and entertainment institutions for children and adolescents in the basement and basement.

3.4. The area per workplace for PC users with VDT based on a cathode ray tube (CRT) should be at least 6 m2, in the premises of cultural and entertainment institutions and with VDT based on flat discrete screens (liquid crystal, plasma) - 4.5 m2.

When using PVEM with VDT based on CRT (without auxiliary devices - printer, scanner, etc.) that meet the requirements of international computer safety standards, with a duration of less than 4 hours a day, a minimum area of 4.5 m2 per user workplace is allowed (adults and students of higher professional education).

3.5. For interior decoration of the interior of the premises where the PC is located, diffuse-reflective materials with a reflection coefficient for the ceiling - 0.7 - 0.8 should be used; for walls - 0.5 - 0.6; for the floor - 0.3 - 0.5.

3.6. Polymer materials are used for interior decoration of the interior of premises with a PC in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.

3.7. Premises where workplaces with PCs are located must be equipped with protective grounding (zeroing) in accordance with technical requirements for operation.

3.8. You should not place workplaces with a PC near power cables and inputs, high-voltage transformers, technological equipment that interferes with the operation of the PC.

IV. Requirements for the microclimate, the content of air ions and harmful chemical substances in the air at workplaces equipped with a PC

4.1. IN industrial premises in which work with the use of a PC is auxiliary, the temperature, relative humidity and air velocity at the workplace must comply with the current sanitary standards microclimate of industrial premises.

4.2. In industrial premises in which work using a PC is the main one (control rooms, operator rooms, settlement rooms, cabins and control posts, computer rooms, etc.) and is associated with neuro-emotional stress, optimal microclimate parameters for work categories 1a and 1b should be provided in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards for the microclimate of industrial premises. At other workplaces, microclimate parameters should be maintained at an acceptable level that meets the requirements of the above standards.

4.3. In the premises of all types of educational and cultural and entertainment institutions for children and adolescents, where PCs are located, optimal microclimate parameters must be provided (Appendix 2).

4.4. In the premises equipped with a PC, daily wet cleaning and systematic ventilation are carried out after each hour of work on the PC.

4.5. The levels of positive and negative air ions in the air of the premises where the PC is located must comply with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.

4.6. The content of harmful chemicals in the air of industrial premises, in which work using a PC is auxiliary, should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of the working area in accordance with the current hygienic standards.

4.7. The content of hazardous chemicals in industrial premises where work using a PC is the main one (control rooms, operator rooms, settlement rooms, control rooms and control posts, computer rooms, etc.) should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air of populated areas in in accordance with current hygiene regulations.

4.8. The content of harmful chemicals in the air of rooms intended for the use of PCs in all types educational institutions, should not exceed the maximum allowable average daily concentrations for atmospheric air in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.

V. Requirements for noise and vibration levels at workplaces equipped with a PC

5.1. In production premises, when performing main or auxiliary work using a PC, noise levels at workplaces should not exceed the maximum allowable values established for these types of work in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.

5.2. In the premises of all educational and cultural and entertainment institutions for children and adolescents, where PCs are located, noise levels should not exceed the permissible values established for residential and public buildings.

5.3. When performing work using a PC in industrial premises, the vibration level should not exceed the permissible vibration values for workplaces (category 3, type "c") in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.

In the premises of all types of educational and cultural and entertainment institutions in which PCs are operated, the vibration level should not exceed the permissible values for residential and public buildings in accordance with the current sanitary and epidemiological standards.

5.4. Noisy equipment (printing devices, servers, etc.), whose noise levels exceed the normative ones, should be located outside the premises with a PC.

VI. Requirements for lighting in workplaces equipped with a PC

6.1. Desktops should be placed so that the video display terminals are oriented sideways to the light openings so that natural light falls predominantly on the left.

6.2. Artificial lighting in the premises for the operation of the PC should be provided by a system of general uniform lighting. In industrial and administrative-public premises, in cases of predominant work with documents, systems should be used combined lighting(in addition to the general lighting, local lighting fixtures are additionally installed to illuminate the document location area).

6.3. Illumination on the surface of the table in the area where the working document is placed should be 300 - 500 lux. Lighting should not create glare on the screen surface. The illumination of the screen surface should not exceed 300 lux.

6.4. Direct glare from light sources should be limited, while the brightness of luminous surfaces (windows, lamps, etc.) in the field of view should not exceed 200 cd/m2.

6.5. Reflected gloss on working surfaces (screen, table, keyboard, etc.) should be limited by right choice types of lamps and location of workplaces in relation to sources of natural and artificial lighting, while the brightness of glare on the PC screen should not exceed 40 cd/m2 and the brightness of the ceiling should not exceed 200 cd/m2.

6.6. The glare index for sources of general artificial lighting in industrial premises should be no more than 20.

The indicator of discomfort in administrative and public premises is no more than 40, in preschool and educational premises no more than 15.

6.7. The brightness of general lighting fixtures in the zone of radiation angles from 50 to 90 degrees with the vertical in the longitudinal and transverse planes should be no more than 200 cd / m2, the protective angle of the fixtures should be at least 40 degrees.

6.8. Local lighting fixtures must have a non-translucent reflector with a protective angle of at least 40 degrees.

6.9. It is necessary to limit the uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view of the PC user, while the ratio of brightness between working surfaces should not exceed 3:1 - 5:1, and between working surfaces and surfaces of walls and equipment 10:1.

6.10. As light sources in artificial lighting, mainly fluorescent lamps of the LB type and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) should be used. When arranging reflected lighting in industrial and administrative-public premises, the use of metal halide lamps is allowed. Incandescent lamps, including halogen lamps, may be used in local lighting fixtures.

6.11. To illuminate rooms with a PC, lamps with mirrored parabolic gratings equipped with electronic ballasts (electronic ballasts) should be used. It is allowed to use multi-lamp luminaires with electromagnetic ballasts (electronic ballasts) consisting of an equal number of leading and lagging branches.

The use of luminaires without diffusers and shielding grilles is not allowed.

In the absence of luminaires with electronic ballasts, lamps of multi-lamp luminaires or adjacent general lighting luminaires should be switched on to different phases of a three-phase network.

6.12. General lighting when using fluorescent lamps should be performed in the form of solid or intermittent lines of lamps located on the side of the workplaces, parallel to the user's line of sight with a row arrangement of video display terminals. With a perimeter arrangement of computers, the lines of lamps should be located localized above the desktop closer to its front edge facing the operator.

6.13. The safety factor (Kz) for lighting installations for general lighting should be taken equal to 1.4.

6.14. The ripple factor should not exceed 5%.

6.15. To ensure the normalized values of illumination in the premises for the use of PCs, it is necessary to clean the glass of window frames and lamps at least twice a year and timely replace burned-out lamps.

VII. Requirements for the levels of electromagnetic fields at workplaces equipped with a PC

7.1. Temporary permissible levels of EMF generated by PCs at users' workplaces, as well as in the premises of educational, preschool and cultural and entertainment institutions, are presented in Appendix 2 (Table 1).

7.2. The methodology for instrumental control of EMF levels at the workplaces of PC users is presented in Appendix 3.

VIII. Requirements for the visual parameters of VDT, controlled at the workplace

8.1. The maximum permissible values of the visual parameters of the VDT, controlled at the workplace, are presented in Appendix 2 (Table 3).

IX. General requirements for the organization of workplaces for PC users

9.1. When placing workstations with a PC, the distance between workstations with video monitors (in the direction of the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) must be at least 2.0 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m.

9.2. Workplaces with a PC in rooms with sources of harmful production factors should be placed in isolated cabins with organized air exchange.

9.3. Workplaces with a PC when performing creative work that requires significant mental stress or high concentration of attention are recommended to be isolated from each other by partitions 1.5 - 2.0 m high.

9.4. The video monitor screen should be at a distance of 600 - 700 mm from the user's eyes, but not closer than 500 mm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols.

9.5. The design of the desktop should provide optimal placement on the working surface of the equipment used, taking into account its quantity and design features the nature of the work to be done.

This allows the use of desktops. various designs that meet modern ergonomic requirements. The desktop surface should have a reflection coefficient of 0.5 - 0.7.

9.6. The design of the working chair (chair) should ensure the maintenance of a rational working posture when working on a PC, allow you to change your posture in order to reduce the static tension of the muscles of the neck-shoulder region and back to prevent the development of fatigue. The type of work chair (armchair) should be chosen taking into account the height of the user, the nature and duration of work with a PC.

The working chair (armchair) must be lifting and swivel, adjustable in height and angle of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter must be independent, easy to carry out and have a secure fit.

9.7. The surface of the seat, back and other elements of the chair (chair) should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, slightly electrified and breathable coating that provides easy cleaning from dirt.

X. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces with a PC for adult users

10.1. The height of the working surface of the table for adult users should be adjusted within 680 - 800 mm; if this is not possible, the height of the working surface of the table should be 725 mm.

10.2. The modular dimensions of the working surface of the table for a PC, on the basis of which the structural dimensions should be calculated, should be considered: width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm, depth 800 and 1000 mm with its unregulated height equal to 725 mm.

10.3. The work table must have legroom at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at the knees and at least 650 mm at the level of outstretched legs.

10.4. The design of the work chair should provide:

The width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm;

Seat surface with rounded front edge;

Height adjustment of the seat surface within 400 - 550 mm and tilt angles forward up to 15 degrees, and back up to 5 degrees;

The height of the supporting surface of the backrest is 300 + -20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;

The angle of the backrest in the vertical plane within + -30 degrees;

Adjustment of the backrest distance from the front edge of the seat within 260 - 400 mm;

Fixed or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50 - 70 mm;

Adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230 + -30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350 -500 mm.

10.5. The workplace of the PC user should be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an angle of inclination of the support surface of the stand up to 20 °. The surface of the stand must be corrugated and have a 10 mm high edge along the front edge.

10.6. The keyboard should be placed on the table surface at a distance of 100 - 300 mm from the edge facing the user or on a special height-adjustable work surface separated from the main tabletop.

XI. Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces with a PC for students in general educational institutions and institutions of primary and higher professional education

11.1. Premises for classes are equipped with single tables designed to work with a PC.

11.2 The design of a single table for working with a PC should include:

Two separate surfaces: one horizontal for placing a PC with smooth adjustment in height within 520 - 760 mm and the second - for a keyboard with smooth adjustment in height and tilt angle from 0 to 15 degrees with reliable fixation in the optimal working position (12 - 15 degrees );

The width of the surfaces for the VDT and the keyboard is at least 750 mm (the width of both surfaces must be the same) and the depth is at least 550 mm;

Supporting surfaces for a PC or VDT and for a keyboard on a riser, in which there should be power wires and a local network cable.

The base of the riser should be aligned with the footrest;

Lack of boxes;

Increasing the width of surfaces up to 1200 mm when equipping the workplace with a printer.

11.3. The height of the edge of the table facing the person working with the PC and the height of the legroom should correspond to the height of students in shoes (Appendix 4).

11.4. If there is a high table and chair that does not match the height of the students, a height-adjustable footrest should be used.

11.5. The line of sight should be perpendicular to the center of the screen and its optimal deviation from the perpendicular passing through the center of the screen in the vertical plane should not exceed +-5 degrees, the allowable is +-10 degrees.

11.6. A workplace with a PC is equipped with a chair, the main dimensions of which must correspond to the growth of students in shoes (Appendix 5).

XII. Requirements for equipment and organization of premises with a PC for preschool children

12.1. Premises for classes are equipped with single tables designed to work with a PC.

12.2. The design of a single table should consist of two parts or tables connected together: on one surface of the table there is a VDT, on the other - a keyboard.

The design of the table for placing a PC should include:

Smooth and easy height adjustment with reliable fixation of the horizontal surface for the video monitor within 460 - 520 mm with a depth of at least 550 mm and a width of at least 600 mm;

The ability to smoothly and easily change the angle of inclination of the surface for the keyboard from 0 to 10 degrees, with secure fixation;

The width and depth of the surface under the keyboard must be at least 600 mm;

Smooth without recesses the surface of the table for the keyboard;

Lack of boxes;

Legroom under the table above the floor is at least 400 mm.

The width is determined by the design of the table.

12.3. The dimensions of chairs for classes are given in Appendix 5. Replacement of chairs with stools or benches is not allowed.

12.4. The chair seat surface should be easy to disinfect.

XIII. Requirements for the organization of medical care for PC users

13.1. Persons working with a PC for more than 50% of their working time (professionally connected with the operation of a PC) must pass mandatory pre-employment and periodic

medical examinations in the prescribed manner.

13.2. From the time of pregnancy, women are transferred to work not related to the use of a PC, or the time for working with a PC is limited for them (no more than 3 hours per work shift), subject to the hygiene requirements established by these sanitary rules. Employment of pregnant women should be carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

13.3. Medical examination of students of higher educational institutions, students of secondary specialized educational institutions, children of preschool and school age in order to establish contraindications to work with a PC is carried out in the prescribed manner.

14.1. State sanitary and epidemiological supervision over the production and operation of personal computers is carried out in accordance with these Sanitary Rules.

14.2. It is not allowed to sell and operate on the territory of the Russian Federation types of personal computers that do not have a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion.

14.3. Instrumental control over compliance with the requirements of these Sanitary Rules is carried out in accordance with the current regulatory documentation.

14.4. Production control over compliance with sanitary rules is carried out by the manufacturer and supplier of the PC, as well as enterprises and organizations operating the PC in the prescribed manner, in accordance with the current sanitary rules and other regulatory documents.

Annex 1

to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03

Table 1

List of products and controlled hygiene parameters

Product type

OKP code

Controlled hygiene parameters

Electronic digital computing machines, personal electronic digital computing machines (including portable computers)

40 1300,

40 1350,

40 1370

Levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF), acoustic noise, concentration of harmful substances in the air, visual indicators of VDT, soft X-ray radiation*

Peripheral devices: printers, scanners, modems, network devices, uninterruptible power supplies

40 3000

EMF levels, acoustic noise, concentration of harmful substances in the air

Information display devices (video display terminals)

40 3200

EMF levels, visual indicators, concentration of harmful substances in the air, soft X-rays*

Gaming machines using PC

96 8575

EMF levels, acoustic noise, concentration of harmful substances in the air, visual indicators of VDT, soft X-ray radiation*

* Soft X-ray control is performed only for video display terminals using cathode ray tubes.

table 2

Permissible values of sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands and sound level generated by PC

Sound pressure levels in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies

Sound levels in dBA

31.5 Hz

63Hz

125 Hz

250 Hz

500Hz

1000 Hz

2000 Hz

4000 Hz

8000 Hz

86 dB

71 dB

61 dB

54 dB

49 dB

45 dB

42 dB

40 dB

38 dB

Measurement of sound level and sound pressure levels is carried out at a distance of 50 cm from the surface of the equipment and at the height of the sound source(s)

Table 3

Temporary allowable levels of EMF generated by PC

Name of parameters

VDU EMF

25 V/m

2.5 V/m

Magnetic flux density

in the frequency range 5 Hz - 2 kHz

250 nT

in the frequency range 2 kHz - 400 kHz

25nT

Surface electrostatic potential of the video monitor screen

500V

Table 4

Permissible visual parameters of information display devices

Options

Valid values

Brightness white field

Not less than 35 cd/sq.m

Max ± 20%

3:1

Temporal image instability (unintentional change in the brightness of the display screen image over time)

Should not be fixed

Spatial image instability (unintentional change in the position of screen image fragments)

Max 2*10L -4L

For CRT displays, the image refresh rate must be at least 75 Hz for all screen resolution modes guaranteed by the regulatory documentation for a particular type of display and at least 60 Hz for displays on discrete flat screens (LCD, plasma, etc.).

Appendix 2

to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03

obligatory

Table 1

Temporary permissible levels of EMF generated by PC at workplaces

Name of parameters

VDU EMF

tension electric field

in the frequency range 5 Hz - 2 kHz

25 V/m

in the frequency range 2 kHz - 400 kHz

2.5 V/m

Magnetic flux density

in the frequency range 5 Hz - 2 kHz

250 nT

in the frequency range 2 kHz - 400 kHz

25nT

Electrostatic field strength

15 kV/m

table 2

Optimal microclimate parameters in all types of educational and preschool premises using a PC

Temperature,

Cº

Relative

humidity, %

Absolute humidity, %

Air speed, m/s

< 0,1

Table 3

Visual parameters of VDT controlled at workplaces

Options

Valid values

White field brightness

Not less than 35 cd/sq.m

Uneven brightness of the working field

Max ± 20%

Contrast (for monochrome mode)

3:1

Temporal image instability (flickering)

Should not be fixed

Spatial image instability (jitter)

Max 2*10L -4L, where L is the observation distance

Appendix 3

to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03

obligatory

Methods of instrumental control and hygienic assessment of the levels of electromagnetic fields in the workplace

1. General Provisions

1.1. Instrumental control of the electromagnetic environment at the workplaces of PC users is carried out:

When putting a PC into operation and organizing new and reorganizing jobs;

After carrying out organizational and technical measures aimed at normalizing the electromagnetic situation;

When attesting workplaces for working conditions;

At the request of enterprises and organizations.

1.2. Instrumental control is carried out by the SSES bodies and (or) testing laboratories (centers) accredited in the prescribed manner.

2. Requirements for measuring instruments

2.1. Instrumental control of EMF levels should be carried out by devices with an allowable basic relative measurement error of +-20%, included in the State Register of Measuring Instruments and having valid certificates of passing the State verification.

2.2. Preference should be given to meters with isotropic transducer antennas.

3. Preparation for instrumental control

3.1. Draw up a plan (sketch) for the placement of workplaces for PC users in the room.

3.2. Enter in the protocol information about the equipment of the workplace - the names of PC devices, manufacturers, models and factory (serial) numbers.

3.4. Enter in the protocol information about the presence of a sanitary-epidemiological conclusion on a PC and near-screen filters (if any).

3.5. Set on the VDT screen a typical image for this type of work (text, graphics, etc.).

3.6. When taking measurements, all computer equipment, VDT and other electrical equipment used for work, located in this room, must be turned on.

3.7. Measurements of the parameters of the electrostatic field should be carried out no earlier than 20 minutes after turning on the PC.

4. Taking measurements

4.1. Measurement of the levels of alternating electric and magnetic fields, static electric fields at a workplace equipped with a PC is carried out at a distance of 50 cm from the screen at three levels at a height of 0.5 m, 1.0 m and 1.5 m

5. Hygienic assessment of EMF levels in the workplace

5.1. Hygienic assessment of measurement results should be carried out taking into account the error of the metrological control tool used.

5.2. If at the surveyed workplace equipped with a PC, the intensity of the electric and / or magnetic field in the range of 5 - 2000 Hz exceeds the values \u200b\u200bgiven in Table 5, it is necessary to measure the background levels of industrial frequency EMF (with the equipment turned off). The background level of the electric field with a frequency of 50 Hz should not exceed 500 V/m. The background levels of the magnetic field induction should not exceed the values that cause violations of the requirements for the visual parameters of the VDT (table 6

Appendix 4

to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03

obligatory

Height of a single table for classes with BT

Growth since

Height above the floor, mm

table surface

legroom, not less

116-130

520

400

131-145

580

520

146-160

640

580

161-175

700

640

above 175

760

700

Note: The legroom width and depth are determined by the design of the table.

The main dimensions of the chair for pupils and students

Chair parameters

Height of pupils and students in shoes, cm

116-130

131-145

146-160

161-175

> 175

Seat height above the floor, mm

300

340

380

420

460

Seat width, not less than, mm

270

290

320

340

360

Seat depth, mm

290

330

360

380

400

The height of the lower edge of the backrest above the seat, mm

130

150

160

170

190

The height of the upper edge of the backrest above the seat, mm

280

310

330

360

400

Back deflection line height, not less than, mm

170

190

200

210

220

Bend radius of the front edge of the seat, mm

20-50

Seat tilt angle, °

0-4

Backrest angle, °

95-108

Backrest radius in plan, not less than, mm

300

Annex 5

to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03

obligatory

Chair sizes for preschool children for classes with BT

Chair parameters

Dimensions, not less than, mm

Seat height above floor

260

Seat width

250

Seat depth

260

The height of the lower edge of the backrest above the seat

120

The height of the upper edge of the backrest above the seat

250

Back deflection height

160

Seat front edge bending radius

20-50