Types of window frames made of wood. Wooden windows: advantages and disadvantages. Double glazed wooden windows

Despite the great popularity, wooden windows with double-glazed windows are in steady consumer demand. Manufacturers offer various designs, differing in appearance, performance and cost. We invite you to get to know possible options. This will make it easier for you to choose the best one.

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The use of wooden windows with double-glazed windows in construction

Wood is an environmentally friendly product that can be used to decorate any room. The choice in favor of wooden windows can be made during the construction, office, or office space. Manufacturers offer products with various designs and designs. You can choose a frame of a suitable color, depending on the building as a whole.

Attention! The choice in favor of wooden windows with double-glazed windows can be made in the construction of new buildings and the renovation of existing ones.

Features of the production of wooden windows with double-glazed windows

The production process is quite laborious and complicated. The use of special equipment and tools is expected. It is quite difficult to make such a window system with your own hands. We suggest watching the following videos to better understand the intricacies of the process:

Components of wooden windows with double-glazed windows

The modern window system has a complex design, which involves the presence of a number of elements. Their characteristics have a significant impact on the quality of the finished product. wooden block. The main elements are considered to be:

double glazing. In a separate frame there are 2-4 glasses, located parallel to each other. High thermal insulation characteristics of a double-glazed window are provided due to the tightness of the glass and frame connection;
wooden profile after special processing;
fittings, the quality of which determines the service life and reliability of a wooden structure;
aluminum profiles that provide timely water drainage. Attached to the bottom of the frame from the outside. Provide the necessary level of protection against adverse weather conditions;
, due to which a sufficient level of tightness of the structure as a whole is ensured. For their installation, special grooves are provided;
additional elements that allow you to design a window opening. These include , .

The soundproofing characteristics of a wooden block will depend on the tightness of the structure in general and the double-glazed window in particular. For the manufacture of the latter, glass of various thicknesses can be used. Outer glass, most often, has a large thickness. This makes it possible to improve the soundproofing characteristics of the system.

In addition to thickness, the thermal conductivity of glass is important. To reduce the value of this parameter and improve the performance of a double-glazed window, a special coating or is used. The air chambers are filled with argon. The result is an energy-saving design that allows you to keep warm inside the house.

Design features of wooden windows with different types of double-glazed windows

The design and construction of wooden windows can vary significantly depending on what type they belong to. We offer you to get acquainted with classic, English, Norwegian and Finnish windows so that you clearly understand them. distinctive features.

Classic Russian and English windows

Traditionally, Russian structures are made of solid wood. They can consist of separate wings or be with a paired cover, involving the connection of two frames with bolts. Such structures are practically not equipped with double-glazed windows. Preference is most often given to double or single glass.

Leading manufacturers of wooden windows with double-glazed windows

In order not to doubt the quality of the chosen system, it is worth giving preference to products from leading manufacturers. This will also affect the cost of a wooden window. So, the Belarusian "Grotli", "Gris R" and a number of other systems are equipped with cheap fittings, therefore they have an affordable cost, but also low strength characteristics.

Among Russian manufacturers, the products of the following companies belong to the middle price category: Krona, cozy house”, “Window Factory”, “Windows Economy” and a number of others. More expensive products will cost "Meranti Windows" or "Gold Windows". But the quality of fittings and wood in this case will be much higher.

In order for the installed window system to last as long as possible, pay attention to the Italian products Albertini or Molaro, as well as the German Euro-windows Dream Doors, Kneer, Unilux.

How to choose wooden windows with double-glazed windows: recommendations from our editors

To installed design was able to fulfill the function assigned to it, a wooden window with a double-glazed window must meet a number of requirements. We offer you to get acquainted with the recommendations, following which you will definitely make the right choice.

Multi-leaf and single-leaf hinged windows

Choice between single and multi-leaf swing structures depends on the width of the opening. For their manufacture, a profile with a thickness of 68–90 mm is used. The sash can make a rotary, folding or tilt-and-turn movement.

If the opening is large, the number of valves increases. Most often, there are two. Such systems can be with separate and paired doors. The latter are very rare.

sliding windows

Choice in favor sliding system done in case of limited internal space. Sliding design assumes the presence of at least two valves. But their exact number will directly depend on the width of the opening.

Features of installing wooden windows with double-glazed windows on both sides, using formulations intended for glass care;

clean the frame with soapy water or a special tool designed to care for wood;

periodically lubricate the fittings with oil and treat the seals with appropriate compounds to maintain their elasticity and prevent cracking;

apply paintwork in a timely manner to prevent the destruction of the frame. Work should be carried out in dry, warm weather.

Wooden windows with double-glazed windows: photos of interesting designs

The design of window systems can vary significantly. We invite you to see the photo interesting solutions that deserve your attention.

Classification of windows with wooden profiles can be made according to the following criteria:

1. wood species, from which the frame is made, and its preliminary processing (solid massif or glued laminated timber with lamellas different way splices).

2. Availability of auxiliary materials(plastic, aluminium).

In addition to profiles made of timber and solid wood, wooden windows also include structures additionally reinforced with aluminum or plastic, which allows increasing the performance and service life of products.

wood-aluminum- the most common type of combined windows, in which the wooden profile from the side of the street is protected by a metal frame, painted to match the main material.

This design increases the service life of products up to 80 years, protects the tree from moisture and insects, and retains all the advantages of wood.

wood-plastic- the essence is the same as that of wood-aluminum windows, only the metal is replaced by PVC. In Russia, this design is not very common and is practically not manufactured.

3. Surface Finish:

transparent (lacquer),
translucent (paint),
covering (veneer).

4. Double glazing formula(1-8 chambers).

5.Door opening mechanism:

swing-out;
swing-out;
fanlight-folding;
sliding portal;
blind (not opening) window.

Two types of designs are most widespread: with separate shutters and pair cover and separate shutters/divided cover.

Types of finished structures

1. Russian windows

They are called "Russian" or "Soviet", but this does not change the essence - the design includes a frame made of solid wood and sheet glass. To date, such windows are still made in carpentry workshops, but mass production, due to poor tightness and low thermal insulation qualities, no longer exists.

2. Finnish windows

Modern modification of Soviet-style windows. cardinal difference- the thickness of the box and the double-glazed window in addition to sheet glass. Such windows are much warmer than their predecessors, but are not suitable for the installation of a tilt-and-turn mechanism.

The sashes open only in one plane, ventilation is carried out using a window or transom. They are made from solid wood, less often from a two-layer glued beam.

3. German windows

The design that we used to call "eurowindow". It is characterized by the absence of vents, the main “components” are double-glazed windows and sashes that can open in two planes.

The material for the profile is a three-layer glued beam.

4. Scandinavian (Norwegian, Swedish) windows

Modern modification of the Russian window and European designs. Frames for Scandinavian windows are made of solid wood, mainly coniferous species (pine, larch), but sheet glass is not used in this case - only double-glazed windows. Standard Thickness boxes - 98 mm, sashes - 68 mm. This thickness is achieved due to a special design invented for effective confrontation frost.

The window consists of:

outer frame with wooden or aluminum profile and single glazing;
internal wooden frame with two-chamber glass.

Unlike German windows, Scandinavian ones are mounted not on a sealant, but on a rubber gasket. Double-glazed windows are held in the frame with glazing beads and self-tapping screws. Another feature of this type of window is the condensation prevention system: special molecular sieves are installed that absorb excess moisture, preventing frame deformation.

5. English windows

A characteristic feature of English-style windows is the absence of hinged hinges. To open such a window, it is necessary to raise and fix the frame at the top (not without reason this design is called the “guillotine”). The frames themselves are narrow, with big amount squares on the binding. The main advantage of such windows is space saving, because when opened, the frame takes up a minimum of space. But if the opening mechanism fails, the risk of injury is high.

6. French windows

Panoramic glazing, which combines the function of a window and a door, and gives maximum light to the room, is possible when installing French-type structures. For such windows, a lifting, folding or portal (parallel-sliding) opening system is used.

The double-glazed window, as in the English window, is divided by binding into square sections. The material for the frames is glued laminated timber.

Architects V. Polkovnikova, I. Kulikovskaya
Photo by K. Manko "Windows of GROWTH"
In order to “adapt” wooden windows to modern thermal insulation requirements, they were equipped with double-glazed windows. In addition, other changes were made to the design
Yukko
Wood structures:
a - brushed oak window;
b - balcony door made of tinted larch "Windows of GROWTH"
The lower beam of the box is made with a selection for low tide and a window sill
Polonia
The manufacture of arched and round window blocks is very laborious and is associated with a significant increase in the amount of waste, therefore such windows are 30-50% more expensive than ordinary rectangular ones. Photo by K. Manko
Wooden windows are in particular demand among those who build Vacation home from timber or timber. This is influenced both by the strength of tradition and the desire to do without artificial materials "EuroTiivi"
With a separate design, a blind box can be strengthened on the outer sash. It will cost much less than blinds built into double-glazed windows.
"EuroTiivi"
Photo by D. Minkin
Window blocks with double-glazed windows and glass:
a - with twin doors (Swedish type);
b - with connected separate doors (Finnish type)
Architect A. Deeva
Photo by G. Shablovsky
The window block is not only a functional part of the fence, designed to fill the room with light, but also an interior item that should be combined with furniture, flooring etc. Often a window can not only organically fit into the environment, but also suggest the best planning solution Polonia
Press fittings and two or three sealing circuits ensure low air permeability.
window capacity
Roto Frank
Under the details of the locking mechanism (a) and the hinge groups (b), grooves are milled in the tree, which guarantees high strength of fastening of the fittings
Architect-designer Z. Gundere
Photo by K. Manko
Triangular and diamond-shaped square window blocks are able to enliven the gable part of the facade and at the same time are an alternative to expensive skylights. As a rule, triangular windows can be either hinged or hinged.
"Warm Windows"
Improvement-
bath corner joint on a triple straight spike has increased strength and eliminates the possibility of blowing through the joint swig connection diagram:
1 - flat dowel that protects the joint from blowing;
2 - key made of polyamide
R dupis Yukko
Beam-splitting horns - a traditional decoration of wooden windows wood work SVIG
Combination options
bathroom profile:
a - with two lamellas made of pine and one of mahogany;
b - with a thermal insert made of purenite
"Interior Academy"
Today there is a tendency to maximize the translucent part of the window. And yet windows made of high wooden profiles have a special charm. Yukko Yukko
wood work
The aluminum lining can be cast in the form (a) or completely cover the profile of the box (b)
"EuroTiivi"
Most companies offer painting window blocks made of non-precious coniferous wood with weather-resistant enamel in any color of the RAL palette Architect I. Firsov
Photo by K. Manko
Wooden windows are the best match for country style winfin
Plastic lining around the perimeter of the frame and sash allows you to install a wooden lacquered window in a typical house without violating the unity of its architectural appearance. At the same time, they will cost a little more than painting window blocks on both sides in different colors.

Like in legend

Yukko YUKKO In restoration and new construction, only wood gives architects the opportunity to follow styles such as, for example, Gothic. This is where precious tropical woods come into play, as well as ash, walnut; however, more often the bindings are still made of oak - stained or artificially aged (brushed). Stained glass looks especially impressive in heavy wooden bindings. And although the listed materials are very expensive, and the manufacture of such windows is very laborious, they are sometimes ordered by the owners country houses And not just the elite ones. One or two such windows in an architecturally isolated part of the building (for example, in a bay window) become the very highlight that makes the look of the house unique.

Characteristics of wooden windows*

Profile material	Structural type	Box width, mm	Glazing type**	Heat transfer resistance, m 2 C / W ***	Sound insulation, dB
Pine	Single sashes	68	4-16-4	0,5	37
Pine	Single sashes	78	4-12-4-8-4	0,55	42
Pine	Separate sashes	140	4-12-4 + 1	0,62	45
Pine	Separate sashes	160	4-10-4-8-4 + 1	0,71	49
Pine	Paired sashes	120	4-10-4-8-4 + 1	0,69	47
Oak	Paired sashes	90	4-12-4 + 1	0,55	45
Oak	Single sashes	78	4-12-4-8-4	0,54	43
Oak	Single sashes	88	4-12-4-8-4	0,55	43
* - according to manufacturers;
** - 4 mm - glass thickness; 8, 10, 12 or 16 mm - chamber width; 1 mm - the thickness of the glass installed in the outer sash;
*** - at profile moisture content of 14-16% (as humidity increases, heat transfer resistance decreases)

Approximate prices for wooden windows

Manufacturer country	Profile material	Structural type	Glazing type	The price of a window with a size of 1480 1480 mm *, thousand rubles.
Russia	Pine	Single sashes	4-12-4-8-4	22-28
Russia	Larch	Single sashes	4-12-4-8-4	27-45
Russia	Oak	Single sashes	4-12-4-8-4	41-64
Russia	Pine	Paired sashes	4-12-4 + 1	32-38
Finland	Pine	Single sashes	4-12-4-8-4	36
Finland	Oak	Single sashes	4-12-4-8-4	60
Finland	Pine	Separate sashes	4-12-4 + 1	38
Finland	Oak	Separate sashes	4-12-4 + 1	62
France	Red tree	Single sashes	4-16-4	34
Sweden	Pine	Paired sashes	4-10-4 + 1	43
* - with vertical mullion and two wings - turn and turn-tilt

The editors would like to thank Yukko, Honka, Polonia, Ru-dupis, Winfin, WoodWork, Academy of Interior, EuroTiivi, Okna ROSTA, Okna Hobbit, Warm Windows for their help in preparing the material.

Today, in construction, the functionality of the product, the rationality of one or another engineering solution, so there is no need to talk about the strength of tradition. And yet, when it is possible to follow the age-old canons and not compromise practicality, many of us are ready to put up with even an increase in financial costs.

According to the data of manufacturers, at present only 15-20% of the market belongs to wooden windows. main reason The fact that wooden windows give way to products made of PVC profiles is their relatively high price, which is explained both by the high cost of raw materials and the greater labor intensity of manufacturing. In addition, in some respects, plastic windows are indeed superior to wooden ones: they have slightly better thermal insulation properties and do not require maintenance of the paintwork. And yet, companies that produce wooden windows do not lack customers. After all, wood is the material that you can fall in love with for life. And even then he, as they say, will not be nice for good, but good for nice. Wood provides manufacturers with more opportunities for creativity than the same plastic or aluminum: the height (apparent width) of the profiles varies widely, with the help of shaped cutters it is possible to decorate profiles and binding slabs with moldings (figuratively processed edges), and there are restrictions when creating non-standard designs Hardly ever. Not without reason, tenders for the restoration of architectural monuments, as a rule, are won by manufacturers of wooden windows, and many individual developers turn to them.

On the diversity of species

Windows are made from different breeds trees - both coniferous (pine, spruce, fir, cedar, larch) and hardwood (oak, ash, various varieties mahogany). At the same time, products made of inexpensive coniferous wood are in the greatest demand. Describing the designs of modern wooden windows, some sellers use such concepts as the European, Swedish or Finnish type. Others, following GOST 23166-99 "Window blocks", distinguish between windows with single, paired and separate sashes. It is easy to get confused in the classification according to the "national" attribute, since it is not always clear what the seller means by this or that term - the country of manufacture or the constructive type. Therefore, we advise buyers in conversations with company representatives to use the definitions of GOST, which we will now explain.

Nationality

HonkaSome window designs are historically associated with a particular country. We will try to explain the most commonly used definitions, but we will immediately warn you that the meaning invested in them by the seller may be different.
English type- a window that opens by shifting the canvas (frame with glass) vertically up along the guides of the box.
German type- what we used to call "euro-window" (single sashes, two or three seals, a double-glazed window), but sometimes this term refers to a window protected from the outside with aluminum lining.
Norwegian type- a window with single sashes and a double-glazed window inserted not from the inside, but from the side of the street (design with external glazing beads).
Finnish type- a window with separate sashes, usually connected to each other by sliding connectors.
french type- a window starting from the floor and combined with a fully glazed door.
swedish type- a window with twin sashes: a double-glazed window is inserted into the inner one, glass is inserted into the outer one.

Window units with single sashes (similar to PVC windows) are the most widely used these days. Shutters are made from profiles, the width of which (the largest sectional size between the front surfaces) is 68 or 78 mm (and sometimes 88 mm or more). In the first case, you can install a double-glazed window up to 36 mm thick, in the second - up to 44 mm. The design of the porch usually provides for two contours of seals, but sometimes a third, middle contour is also made. The paired construction is also well known to everyone: it was precisely these windows that were installed in mass buildings until the end of the 90s. 20th century But their modern version has several differences: firstly, the porch has at least two seal contours; secondly, the sashes are fastened not with screws, but with latches; thirdly, not sheet glass is inserted into the inner sash, but a double-glazed window (most often single-chamber). With a separate design, both sashes are independently hinged to the frame (the glazing principle is the same: the inner sash is a double-glazed window, the outer sash is single glass). The sashes can be connected to each other by means of sliding connectors - in this case, as with a paired design, only the inner sash is equipped with locking fittings.

Which is better - single, split or double doors? No specialist can give a definite answer to this question. Even ardent supporters of one or another scheme admit that the thermal insulation properties of windows with both separate and paired sashes (single-chamber double-glazed window and glass), and with single sashes into which double-glazed windows are inserted, are approximately equal. The advantage of windows with double-glazed windows and glass is a wide (up to 175 mm) frame, which provides high strength of the assembly seam and protection against freezing of slopes. Such windows have enhanced soundproofing properties: different distances between panes significantly reduce the resonance effect. In addition, blinds can be mounted in the space between the leaves, and with a separate design, even removable protective grilles. However, keep in mind that at least 2 times a year you will have to wash not two, but four surfaces. With a significant difference in temperature between the outside and inside air, fogging of the glass installed in the outer sash is not excluded. And finally, windows of a separate design can only be equipped with swivel fittings.

Windows for giving

"ABS-Stroy" Windows of the old design, designed for the use of sheet glass (to distinguish them from new windows, manufacturers began to call the first joinery), are still in demand - mainly among those who build "budget" country house. Such windows are produced by some old woodworking factories, and in addition, small workshops that do not have modern equipment. As a rule, windows are made from a solid array of coniferous species and equipped with the simplest fittings, and usually the developer himself paints and glazes them. Prices for such window blocks range from 1000-1500 rubles. for 1 m 2. When choosing windows in a store, make sure that the wood has a radial cut (the pattern of the fibers is not pronounced, and their direction is strictly longitudinal), is well dried and free from serious defects: large knots, cracks, fungus lesions, as well as areas with a loose core.

Secrets lacquered

As soon as the first samples of wooden "euro-windows" appeared on the Russian market, the owners of small carpentry shops decided to launch the production of similar products. The implementation of this project promised considerable profits, since demand was many times higher than supply and the prices for imported wooden windows were simply cosmic. Alas, without modern equipment and with insufficient qualifications of the craftsmen, attempts to make wooden "euro-windows" ended in failure.

A modern wooden window is a technologically complex product. The cycle of its production includes drying lumber in a drying chamber (the moisture content of the wood should be within 10-14%), removing defects, gluing the timber - splicing the lamellas into a microthorn in length and set to a smooth fugue in thickness (the length of the laths depends on the type of wood and varies in a wide range of 40-1500 mm, and the thickness is usually 22-30 mm), its calibration and profiling, the assembly of boxes and sashes, their puttying and grinding, painting and, finally, the installation of fittings and double-glazed windows. Now the Russian market is represented by the products of the companies "Bavarian Windows", "Baltic Trust", "European Windows", "ROSTA Windows", "Hobbit Windows", "Northern Windows", YuKKO (all - Russia), "EvroTiivi", "Petro -Domus" (both - Russia - Finland), Alavus, Domus, Lammin Ikkuna, Profin, Tiivi (all - Finland), Fenestra (Finland - Estonia), SPF nster, Joinex (both - Sweden), Lapeyre (France), Capoferri , Finestre (both - Italy), Urzedowski (Poland), R dupis (Lithuania), Strobel (Germany), Gaulhofer (Germany - Austria) and others. At the same time, products of domestic manufacturers clearly prevail. Western companies own large factories and carry out a full production cycle, some of them starting from timber harvesting and ending with the manufacture of double-glazed windows. Among Russian enterprises, some glue and profile timber themselves ("Bavarian House", "Windows Master", YuKKO, etc.), but there are also those who work with finished profiles, mainly of domestic production. Double-glazed windows, as a rule, are ordered at specialized factories (with the exception of the companies "Northern Windows", YuKKO and some others that have their own lines for the production of double-glazed windows).

Air!

All types of modern windows provide a very high degree of room tightness. With slot ventilation (folding the sash or slightly opening it with fixation with a limiter), the flow of cold air in winter is still too intense. Built-in ventilation valves have proven themselves well, guaranteeing a strictly metered supply (the system is automatically regulated) of outdoor air. Although vent valves were originally designed for plastic windows, today they are increasingly equipped with wooden windows. As for split windows, Tiivi engineers have created a slightly different system for them, which can only be fitted at the factory. The principle of its operation is as follows: street air enters through the air intake holes, milled in the side bars of the window frame, into the space between the glass and the double-glazed window, where it heats up slightly. Then, through a valve built into the top bar of the box and equipped with a strainer, the air passes into the room.

Most single window manufacturers use 3-ply glued beam profiles for frames and sashes. This method of gluing allows to achieve the stability of the geometry of the parts. The Alavus, Domus and SPF.о.nster factories work with carefully dried and selected solid wood (mainly northern pine), removing defects and splicing the bars along the length.

Alas, we have to admit that innovations in the production of wooden windows, allowing to improve the quality finished products or reduce its cost, belong to foreign companies. A significant part of these new developments concerns the design of the window profile. In particular, Profin was the first to create a wooden profile system for outward-opening windows. The Urzedowski plant has patented the manufacture of a five- and six-layer beam, two lamellas of which are glued to the side ends of the "pie", - such a scheme significantly increases the ability of the profiles to withstand bending loads. Combined four-layer glued laminated timber with two internal spruce lamellas and two external (5-15 mm thick) oak lamellas or three spruce lamellas and an oak lamella from the side of the room, first used by Joinex, allows to significantly reduce the cost of windows, while increasing their thermal insulation properties.

legitimate question

Many potential buyers are concerned about the question: is it possible to replace a double-glazed window in a wooden window if it accidentally breaks or other troubles occur with it - for example, depressurization? (This is quite rare, but it still happens - alas, a certain percentage of defective products pass even the strictest control at large enterprises.) Well, this concern is quite justified. In a wooden window, replacing a double-glazed window is much more difficult than in a plastic one, since it is usually glued into the sash silicone sealant, the glazing bead is firmly attached to the sash with studs, and often also glued. As a rule, it is not possible to remove a double-glazed window without damaging the glazing bead. If the window is domestic, then by contacting the company that sold the windows to you, you can solve the problem in 1-2 weeks: a double-glazed window right size and glazing beads of the corresponding color will be made on the basis technical documentation. If the window is imported, of course, the supplier will not refuse to help you. But, since all components are delivered from the manufacturer, you will have to wait at least 2 months. Such a long wait usually does not suit customers, and they have to contact a Russian company that will deliver and install a new double-glazed window, trying to match the color of the glazing beads.

Among the Russian know-how are profiles made of heat-treated wood, practically not subject to rotting and warping (YUKKO), as well as a three-lamellar profile patented by SVIG Corporation with an inner layer of rigid polyurethane foam. The same company was one of the first to offer to veneer a pine profile with fine wood veneer. And finally, she owns a patent for an original corner connection with profiles cut at an angle of 45 and fastened with a double dovetail polyamide key. According to some experts, the design with a corner joint "on the mustache" has the best consumer qualities, since the ends of the profiles are reliably protected from moisture. Note, however, that the dampening of the ends of the frame profiles with a spike connection is possible only when the window was installed in violation of the technology (the assembly seam was illiterate).

Tree Defenders

The durability of wooden windows largely depends on the quality of the finish, and their relatively high price is not least due to the time and manual labor involved in this operation. Leading manufacturing firms use the paint and varnish products of such world famous companies as Akzo Nobel (Netherlands), Teknos, Tikkurila (both - Finland), Rhenocoll Werk, Zobel Chemic (both - Germany), and cover their products with consistently different properties compositions: filler , primer and finishing varnishes (tinted or colorless) or enamels. As a rule, window manufacturers use a system of putties, protective and protective-decorative compounds produced under the same brand; of these, the most popular in Russia are Zowosan (Zobel Chemic), Rhenocoll (Rhenocoll Werk). Finnish companies impregnate window profiles with an antiseptic in a vacuum - while the protective composition penetrates deep (1.5-2 mm) into the pores of the wood and protects it from fungal attack even if the coating is damaged. Unfortunately, Russian manufacturers do not have such equipment yet.

Even modern varnishes and paints are able to protect wood products from atmospheric influences only for a relatively short time (3-7 years). South-facing windows are especially affected, as well as major highways (interaction with carbon monoxide- CO - leads to oxidative degradation of polymers, which are the basis of most modern varnishes and paints). Therefore, manufacturers recommend in the city once every 2 years, and outside the city once every 3-4 years, apply a layer of polish to the paint, and then the service life of the coating will increase to 20-25 years. Such polishes are included in the painting systems and are always in the assortment of wooden window manufacturers.

IN last years to protect wooden frames and sashes from atmospheric influences, they try to use polymer laminating films. Perhaps this technology will make life much easier for "window owners", but it's worth waiting until it passes the test of time.

The best way protection of surfaces facing the street - decorative profiles made of aluminum alloys or plastic. Most often, the lower profile of the window frame is closed with an overlay. In more expensive models, the frame and sash are completely finished with similar profiles along the perimeter (in some Finnish windows, the outer sash is entirely made of aluminum, but such a window is already of the combined type). As a rule, the trims are attached to the wood using polyamide or hard PVC holders, or they are inserted into the groove of the sash profile. In the first case, between the overlays and wooden surface there is a small gap (10-15 mm), which allows the excess moisture accumulated in the window profiles to be released to atmospheric air; in the second - they are adjacent to each other. Since plastic has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than wood, when using it, the design of the holders provides for the free movement of the protective and decorative profile. Almost all major manufacturers equip their products with protective and decorative profiles. Solid aluminum cladding increases the cost of the window by 40-60%, and plastic - by 20-30%.

YUKKO Hinges (a, d) are made of corrosion-resistant alloys, and their axles are made of composites with a minimum coefficient of friction with metal; window handles and balcony doors(b, c) made of stainless steel, brass, anodized aluminum

Prices, terms, guarantees

Many factors affect the price of a window. Let's try to list the most important of them:
country of manufacture (imported windows cost 1.5-2 times more than domestic ones);
type of wood (pine windows are 1.8-2.4 times cheaper than oak windows and 1.3-1.5 times cheaper than larch windows);
method of gluing the slats (with external slats spliced along the length, the window will be 15-20% cheaper);
design (windows with separate and paired sashes are 10-25% more expensive than with single ones);
type of fittings and double-glazed windows;
window size (usually 1 m 2 of windows of standard sizes - for example, 1460 1170, 1470 1460, 2070 1460 mm - is cheaper by 20-40% than windows made to customer size; this also applies to the products of foreign enterprises, but they have different standards, and the dimensions of the windows do not correspond to the dimensions of the openings in our typical houses; for a window with an area of \u200b\u200bless than 1 m 2, you will almost always have to lay out full cost 1 m 2);
order volume and production time (for a large order you can get a discount of up to 15%, for an urgent order you will pay an additional 20%, and if you agree to wait, you can save).

If you have chosen a supplier of imported windows, it will take about 3 months from the measurer's visit to the delivery of the finished set. Domestic companies will complete the order faster - in 3-8 weeks.

Most companies give a comprehensive guarantee: for the design of the product, fittings, paintwork, installation, possible damage to the double-glazed window due to the fault of the company (crack-"beam" from under the glazing bead). The warranty period for domestically produced windows is usually 3 years. Representatives of foreign manufacturers give a 5-year warranty, but only on condition that their masters installed the windows.

Summing up, we note that, according to experts, the share of wooden windows in our market will gradually grow. And this is quite understandable: we do not yet experience a lack of material, and the array has always had enough loyal supporters. So let's say out loud: "Not today or tomorrow, modern wooden windows will be available to everyone," and let's knock on wood.

In the production of wooden windows, materials of the most High Quality, which makes such window blocks highly reliable and durable. Currently, wooden windows and fittings are created using high-tech equipment and meet all the requirements for ease of use and high heat and sound insulation characteristics. In addition, they are distinguished Beautiful design, as well as the possibility of giving window profile any color. It is customary to divide windows by design and by the type of opening of double-glazed windows.

Types of windows by design

Russian windows

This design has one window frame, with sashes opening to the sides, the thickness of which does not exceed 40 mm. Two internal doors open towards themselves, two external doors open from themselves. The design of such windows is easily subjected to deformation when exposed to high humidity and frequent temperature changes.

The small width of the profile does not allow milling, so install in a circle sealing tape will not work. Because of this, the sashes in the Russian window do not adjoin tightly to the frame.

The hinges and handles supplied in the kit do not have the ability to adjust the sashes in different positions. Russian window blocks do not provide external protection against water leakage into the apartment.

German wooden windows

These window blocks are equipped with European fittings with the possibility of tilt-and-turn opening of the sashes. Of the obvious advantages over the Russian window: durability, tightness and warmth. German windows are easy to clean, because. only 4 panes are directly accessible, not 8.

German windows are also called eurowindows. They are equipped with a box, shutters and many locking mechanisms. In most cases double glazing is used.

In production, glued laminated timber with a thickness of 68-78-88 mm is used, which allows for multi-profile compaction. Such windows have a long service life (about 65 years). The wood fibers in the German window block are glued in different directions, which means that they do not deform and do not dry out over time.

Wooden-aluminum windows

This is a German window, sheathed on the outside with aluminum. Such an eurowindow does not need to be restored from the street. .

Aluminum-wood windows

In such a window, the aluminum frame is hidden behind a wooden profile made of ash, oak or beech. Aluminum lightens the weight of the window unit, while natural wood adds beauty and warmth. In Russia, their popularity is low, due to the high price.

Finnish windows

These window units are equipped with two sashes that can be opened together or separately. You can vary the opening method with a special mechanism installed between the wings. The Finnish window has a wide frame up to 180 mm. The inner sash is equipped with a single-chamber package, and the outer sash, made of wood or aluminum, is equipped with simple glass.

The Finnish window block is made not from glued beams, but from solid wood. A small section of such a window (40 × 40 mm) does not allow for a tight clamping of the fittings around the perimeter, so Finnish windows are not tilt-and-turn.

Types of windows by type of double-glazed window opening

Deaf

These wooden windows do not have fittings, which means they do not open. This feature is reflected in the cost of deaf window blocks - they are the most inexpensive compared to the rest. Several double-glazed windows can be installed, and between them there is an impost. If you install such a window on the first floor and in a room with other windows, then there will be no problems with washing and airing the room.

Tilt-and-turn and swivel, single-leaf

Such windows open inside the room (it is rare to find an external way). A hinged single-sash window has one sash that opens in the classic way - horizontally. The tilt and turn can be folded vertically.

Deaf and tilt-and-turn, bivalve

The most popular type of windows, the design of which provides for two sashes. One - does not open, the second opens in the two above-mentioned ways.

Rotary and tilt-and-turn with impost, double-leaf

An impost is a wooden profile that divides a window into two or more parts. On both sides of it are hung sashes. You can open both sashes at once or one, any. The price of such a window is higher than the previous one.

Swivel and tilt-and-turn with faceplate, double leaf

In such windows, there will be no partitions with open shutters. Shtulp is fixed from the outside of the window and is not noticeable. Its main purpose is to fasten and seal the doors in the closed position. The second sash, which does not have a handle and tilt-and-turn fittings, can only be opened when the first one is open.

Wooden windows are designs that will never lose their relevance and demand from the buyer. They are environmentally friendly, durable, reliable. Windows made of natural wood will not allow cold or drafts into the house, and thanks to the variety of shapes and colors of structures, you can choose best option for any stylistic solution of the interior, ranging from strict classics to fashionable and ultra-modern hi-tech.

In the article we will talk in detail about wooden windows: consider their advantages and features, production materials, main varieties. Also consider the installation features window structures from wood and operating rules.

Advantages of wooden windows

In terms of technical characteristics, modern wooden window structures are not much inferior to metal and plastic products and are incomparable in quality and reliability with windows that were actively used in Soviet housing construction.

Constructions are made according to innovative technologies that allow preserving the natural advantages of natural wood and at the same time giving the finished windows increased strength, resistance to negative environmental factors, and durability.

Wooden windows - aesthetics and environmental friendliness!

Modern wooden windows are aesthetic structures that are not subject to the deformation process, equipped with high-quality fittings, treated with resistant lacquer and coloring compositions.

Wooden windows compare favorably with similar products made of PVC and metal with the following advantages:
Wood is a material of natural origin, so wood windows are 100% environmentally friendly and safe products. During operation, wooden structures do not emit toxic substances, do not contain harmful chemicals and the compositions used for their processing.
The structure of wood implies a slow pace of the air exchange process and therefore a climate that is healthy and comfortable for living is created in the room.
Compared to plastic counterparts, wood retains heat better, keeps its shape and retains its attractive appearance and useful functionality longer.
Designs from natural wood do not accumulate an electrostatic charge, and therefore dust does not collect on them.

The indisputable advantage of window structures made of natural wood is their noble, refined appearance, which can become an adornment of any interior.

Frame materials

For the manufacture of frames of wooden windows, various tree species are used. Consider the most popular wood species in the production process and their technical characteristics.

Pine

Pine is the most popular type of wood for wooden windows.

Pine is the most popular material for making window frames. This tree species is valued not only for affordability, but also for ease of processing. Also, the advantages of pine products include:

The low weight of the structures, due to which there is no significant load on the fittings and, accordingly, its useful life as a whole increases;
Resistance to temperature changes;
Beautiful natural texture.

But pine frames also have significant disadvantages. Pine wood is soft and therefore vulnerable to mechanical damage. Moreover, pine absorbs moisture and if the structures are not treated with a special compound, the wood may turn blue and begin to rot.

Oak

Oak windows are structures characterized by solid durability. At proper care and operation, oak frames can serve flawlessly for up to 90 years or more! Oak wood does not absorb moisture from the external environment and is not subject to decay processes.

Useful advice: Despite the strength and moisture resistance of oak frames, they still need to be treated with special antiseptic solutions, without which woodworm pests can start in the tree.

Oak has a dense structure and therefore products made from it are not deformed, their surface will be difficult to scratch or somehow damage.

Luxurious oak wooden window

There are not many disadvantages of oak structures, but it is important to consider them. Products have a considerable weight, therefore, in their manufacture, the profile is made as thin as possible, and the windows themselves are of medium size. Also worth knowing - oak windows are expensive. Just one window from this valuable tree species can cost you 40 thousand rubles or more.

Larch

Larch is a unique tree. Its wood contains phytoncides and has natural antiseptic properties, and therefore mold or fungus will never start in larch structures.

Larch windows

Larch frames are the best option in terms of price and quality. Products from this tree species are durable, resistant to moisture, aesthetic appearance. Durability is another plus of larch frames, since this breed is resistant to wear and can withstand increased loads.

Meranti

Meranti - exotic tree growing in South Asia. The benefits of meranti products include:

Exclusive aesthetic products. Meranti wood is distinguished by the nobility of texture and color;
The material has excellent indicators of strength, density and durability, it retains heat well and prevents noise and other extraneous sounds from entering the room;
Meranti frames will not lose their attractiveness under the influence of aggressive environmental factors: moisture, ultraviolet radiation.

Wooden window made of Meranti wood

The only disadvantage of products from this rare breed will be the high price of frames in stores and from manufacturers. But the inflated cost of meranti frames will quickly pay off with their unique technical specifications.

Profile Features

A wooden frame can be called a profile purely conditionally, since when it comes to window structures made of natural wood, the term “profile” refers to a number of parameters:

tree species;
timber thickness;
Application of additional overhead elements.

For the manufacture of window structures, timber of various thicknesses is used, but for the conditions of Russia, lumber with a thickness index of at least 78 millimeters will be optimal.

Sectional profile of a two-chamber wooden window

In the production of window frames, it is unacceptable to use wood with knots, cracked, with an abundance of resin pockets and a core part. It is extremely important that high-quality dried wood be used for the manufacture of the profile, and for its additional processing - environmentally friendly varnishes and paints, without toxic substances in the composition.

It is impossible to check the quality of wood drying in the finished profile. Therefore, in order to purchase high-quality window structures for your home, you should place an order for them from a trusted manufacturer, with an impeccable reputation among buyers, and also purchase certified products.

Characteristics of a double-glazed window

A double-glazed window is the largest element in the size of a window structure, and therefore close attention should be paid to its characteristics.

The greatest demand from the modern buyer is single-chamber and double-glazed windows. The soundproofing and heat-insulating properties of the window depend on the number of chambers, the more there are, the better the indicated indicators of the structure.

The type of double-glazed window is selected depending on the living conditions, as well as the climate. If you live in a region with a cold damp climate, and your house is located on a noisy street, double-glazed windows are the best option.

You can order designs with triple glazing, but you should not forget that such windows will have considerable weight.

glass type

Glass windows can be installed in wooden windows various types. Consider the most popular types of glasses and find out their characteristics in detail:

selective glass. Material of this type will allow you to create a comfortable microclimate for living in the house, regardless of environmental conditions. A special coating on the glass surface will prevent heat from leaving the room, but at the same time freely let in Sun rays inside the rooms.
Triplex glass is valued for its increased strength, safety and high noise-absorbing properties.
For the southern regions, wooden windows with sun-protection glasses can be a good option. The material absorbs direct sunlight and will not allow them to penetrate into the premises.
Tempered glass is a material that can withstand severe temperature fluctuations.

It is extremely rare that reinforced glass is used in wooden window structures, which is a material of increased strength and fire safety.

Hardware selection

High-quality fittings must be installed on a wooden window, otherwise the design will not last long. Since the weight of the frame and the double-glazed window can be significant, the choice of fittings should be approached responsibly.

The window handle can be made from different materials and perform a variety of functions. The design of the element is often supplemented with a lock that will not allow the window to be opened without performing certain actions. This option of fittings is optimal for installation if there are small children in the house who, out of curiosity, can try to open the window. If you want additional protection of the premises from unauthorized entry, it makes sense to choose anti-burglary handles for windows, equipped with a blocking mechanism.

Hinges on wooden windows are most often installed in the following varieties:

Overhead. The hinges in this case will be clearly visible, but if they are chosen correctly according to the design, then the fittings are quite capable of becoming an additional window decor.
Screw-in. The use of hinges of this type will allow you to get the most reliable and durable fastening of the frame to the sash.

Mortise hinges can also be used, which are invisible in the design, but their use will allow the window to be opened as wide as possible.

Window fittings also include special locks, which can be additionally equipped with a product. They will protect against burglary and will not allow the baby to open the window without the help of adults.

Types of wooden windows

Window structures made of natural wood are graded into varieties according to the method of opening the sashes and design.

Russian windows

Russian windows have two sashes and one frame. The doors of the product open sequentially and each of them is equipped with glass. Most often, windows of this type are made of solid wood, and have a profile thickness of not more than 40 millimeters.

Russian window

Due to the narrow and rather thin profile, Russian windows are vulnerable to deformation processes, poorly withstand contact with moisture, and are sensitive to temperature changes.

eurowindows

Constructions of this type got their name due to the fact that fittings of European brands, mainly German ones, are installed on them. Fittings are placed around the entire perimeter of the product, which allows you to adjust the process of opening the sash.

Eurowindows also differ in design: they consist of a frame and a sash in which a two-chamber double-glazed window is installed. The eurowindow opens as simply as possible - literally with one movement, which facilitates both the process of operating the structure and caring for it.

For the manufacture of eurowindows, not solid wood is used, but glued laminated timber with a thickness of 68 to 88 millimeters. The impressive thickness of the profile allows you to make a high-quality window seal and install a wide double-glazed window into it.

Eurowindows are the best choice for the Russian climate

Eurowindows are the best option for a wooden window for the Russian climate, since products of this type are distinguished by strength, durability, resistance to wear, increased loads and the action of various aggressive environmental factors.

Finnish windows

Finnish-style windows traditionally use expensive and ultra-modern types of glass - tinted, energy-saving, impact-resistant. Finnish windows differ from other varieties in a two-chamber design, which allows you to complement the product with beautiful inter-frame blinds.

Finnish products can be of different widths and heights, have one or two doors. In the second option, a double or triple glazing is placed in the inner sash, which ensures high sound and heat insulation of the structure.

Finnish windows

The material for the production of Finnish windows is glued laminated timber, so they turn out to be reliable and strong, but the products have a number of disadvantages:

Basically, these are swing-type structures;
Significant window weight.

It is worth knowing that Finnish windows will not be a budget option for the price either.

norwegian windows

The Norwegian window is made from a natural wood massif of a northern pine or a larch. These are not only durable, but also aesthetic products that have the longest possible useful life.

Norwegian windows are practical and aesthetic, but do not have significant advantages.

The type of opening of Norwegian windows is tilt-and-turn, the design provides for the presence of a double-glazed window. By weight, the product will be heavier than the euro window, but lighter than the Finnish window.

Installation of wooden windows

Before moving on to the process of installing a wooden window structure, you will need to prepare the necessary tool for the job. In window installation, you can not do without the following tools and materials:

Screwdriver;
fasteners;
Perforator;
Small file;
Building level;
Foam gun;
Roulette;
Spatulas and brushes;
Scotch tape.

Work on the installation of the window structure will consist of several main stages:

Preparation of openings for the installation of windows. Begins preparatory process from the dismantling of old structures, which are important to carry out carefully so as not to damage the integrity of the opening. After removing the old glazing, all voids in the opening are filled with insulating materials, and the opening itself is thoroughly cleaned of dust and debris.
Installation of a window structure. It starts with the placement of the frame or box in inner part opening, after which the element is leveled and installed on the bars. The structure is fixed. To fix the window in the opening, you can use different types fasteners. The specific type of fasteners is selected based on the design of the window and opening.
After the structure is firmly fixed in the opening, all mounting seams are filled with a foam gun.

Helpful advice: Mounting foam expands as it dries, so it should be used sparingly when grouting. Too much foam in the seam can cause the frame to warp.

Installation of a wooden window is a technologically simple process, but if you do not have at least a minimum of carpentry skills, have not carried out repairs on your own, it is advisable to entrust the work to professionals.

Operation features

If you want the wooden windows in your house to serve for a long time and not lose their visual appeal or functionality, you should get acquainted with the features of the operation of window structures made of natural wood in advance.

Wood is a material that is extremely sensitive to the action of external factors: moisture, temperature changes. In addition, it is combustible, prone to damage by pests, fungus or mold. Modern designs are supplied by manufacturers in a processed form - all window elements are covered with special varnishes and protective compounds, but this does not mean that the product does not need regular maintenance.

Re-treatment of products with antipyretics and antiseptics will need to be carried out periodically. When washing windows, carefully inspect the structure for defects in the coating and if it is cracked, chipped in some places - this means that the product must be treated with protective solutions, and then varnished or painted.

Control of the working condition of fittings and seals is carried out once a year. If you see that the elements have begun to become unusable, do not delay replacing them.

Wooden windows will need to be periodically cleaned of dirt and dust and this should be done using gentle detergents, which do not contain caustic chemical components in their composition that can destroy the integrity of the material structure.

Conclusion

Wooden windows are a great option for both a private house and an apartment. The structures have excellent technical characteristics and high aesthetics, they can become an adornment of any interior and create coziness and a comfortable microclimate in the room.

You can choose wooden windows for every taste and wealth, the main thing is to approach the selection of products carefully and competently.