Experience in growing exotic trees (experiments using aloe vera and creating bio-fertilizers). Project work on the topic: "Growing exotic fruits at home" Biology project on the topic grow your own plant

Elena Polyakova
Project “Pineapple and its secrets. Growing exotic plants on the example of Ananas comosus ”(preparatory group for school)

Project: « Pineapple and its secrets»

(cultivation of exotic plants on the example of Ananas comosus).

Duration project: short term

Type project: cognitive-exploratory

Members project: children, parents, teachers.

Children's age: 6-7 years old.

Relevance project: The environmental problem is one of the most acute problems of our time. The future of mankind depends on the level of ecological culture of each person, his competent participation in their decision. Currently, on the shelves of our stores you can find all kinds of vegetables and fruits, including exotic for our area. Children are attracted to everything interesting and unusual. Learn about the most useful rainforest plants, exotic fruits and medicinal plants, which can be useful to a person in a tropical rainforest, the children were very interested and suggested grow in our group any one of the tropical plants, to grow to see for yourself and with your own eyes how it growing. The children were very interested in such a fruit as a pineapple. And got confused pineapple is a plant, bush or tree? During the implementation of this the project is supposed that children not only recognize the names exotic plants and their appearance , but also useful qualities. Through research, children will become familiar with the features of - pineapple(conditions of its growth, methods of reproduction). Children learn a lot of new words - concepts and names. In the process of work, the development of cognitive processes, feelings of sympathy will naturally occur. Of particular importance will be communication skills aimed not only at the conflict-free communication of children with each other, but also at a careful attitude to nature in general.

Object of study: pineapple thailand.

Subject of study: Process .

Target: Creation of conditions for acquaintance of children with exotic fruit(Thai pineapple) .

1. To form children's ideas about exotic fruit pineapple.

2. To form the ability of children to care for plants, meeting the conditions necessary for cultivation exotic fruit .

3. To educate children of 6-7 years old to respect nature and the world around them.

Hypothesis.

In conditions groups from the grassy part of the fruit perhaps grow large and beautiful herbaceous plant.

Problematic situation.

How grow this fruit, How a pineapple?

Work principles.

1.The principle of natural conformity: it is necessary to take into account the nature of the child - gender, age; build activities in accordance with interests and needs.

2.The principle of interaction and cooperation between children and adults: participation in the organization of educational work of teachers, parents and children.

Materials and ingredients for the experiment.

Fruit a pineapple, plastic cups, plastic plates, pot and earth and soil for planting.

Expected result.

Children are interested in growing exotic plants.

Children apply put into practice their theoretical knowledge.

Children independently display their observations by regularly sketching changes that occur with pineapple.

Parents are actively involved in project activities.

Relationship with other activities.

Organization educational activities from the section "Formation of a holistic picture of the world" (educational area - cognitive development) .

Conversations, observations ( educational areas: cognitive development, speech development, social and communicative development).

Implementation stages project.

1. Preparatory stage

Familiarization with biological description exotic plant.

Conversation "What is a pineapple? What does it look like? Istrian origin.

Collection of information from various sources about exotic plant pineapple.

Help in forming a hypothesis.

Familiarization with useful properties pineapple. Conversation with children "Beneficial features exotic fruit pineapple» .

Conversation with children "Dishes from pineapple» .

- Conducting a survey with children:

1. What is a pineapple? Is it grass, bush or tree?

2. Do you know about the benefits of this fruit?

2. Practical stage

Organization of experimental - experimental activities.

1. Sprouting the roots of the grassy part of the fruit a pineapple.

2. Examination of the roots of the grassy part pineapple with a magnifying glass, fixing morphological changes.

3. Landing plants in soil and soil.

Study and implementation of care exotic plant.

Gathering information from various sources about caring for pineapple.

Conversations "How to take care of pineapple?» , "Where plants grow and how to take care of them, "What they love plants?» , "What way growing plants the lightest and most affordable?

Organization of the creation of an album with children about pineapple.

- Reading fiction : Farmer's Calendar, V. Bianchi.

Farmer's Calendar, N. Pavlova.

- Speech development:

Proverbs and sayings about plants.

Poems about pineapple.

Riddles about a pineapple.

Fruit riddles.

- Game activity:

Didactic games: "What is this?", "Learn by description", "Where what grows» , "Find and Name".

Outdoor ball games "Catch - throw, immediately answer", "I was born a gardener...".

Artistic - productive activity:

Drawing « A pineapple» .

Drawing « Exotic fruits» .

Application « A pineapple» .

modeling "Amazing nearby".

Health saving activity.

Conversation: "Benefit pineapple» .

- Joint and independent activities of children:

Examination of pictures, illustrations, photographs with an image exotic fruits

Drawing plants by design.

- Working with parents:

Consultation for parents and teachers "How grow pineapple at home»

Brochure "History of culture pineapple»

3. Final stage

Co-designing a presentation Growing exotic plants, on Ananas comosus example, on the territory of MDOU "Kindergarten No. 192".

Acquaintance with the experimental - experimental activities of children through the presentation.

Conclusion:

During our research work, we:

1. Learned what it is a pineapple;

2. We got acquainted with the biological description of this plants;

3. Learned the history of cultivation pineapple;

4. Learned about useful properties pineapple for man;

5. Familiarize yourself with the use pineapple in cooking how to eat it properly. We tried the fruit

6. Studied germination and sowing of a pineapple plant.

7. Planted a pineapple.

8. Learned all about caring for it exotic plant.

9. Recorded the growth process and morphological changes in the herbaceous plants pineapple.

10. Studied the conditions growing pineapple indoors.

11. Monitored growth and development pineapple.

12. Children have developed such skills as observation and work with material, the ability apply their knowledge in practice.

Thus, the hypothesis posed at the beginning of the work has been fully proved.

Pineapple is not just an exotic plant, growing V various countries world, but also material, widely applicable man in life, cooking, cosmetology and decorative culture ( plant growing in favorable home conditions). We proved that, from the grassy part pineapple you can grow a plant in a preschool.

Bibliography:

1.Book: Field practice in botany; Authors: M. M. Starostenkova, M. A. Gulenkova, L. M. Shafranova, N. I. Shorina Publishing House: Moscow, "Higher school» ;The year of publishing: 1990

3. Modern botany - In 2 volumes - Volume 1.

Raven P., Evert R., Eichhorn S. 1990

4. Bondarenko T. M. Ecological classes for older children preschool age. - Voronezh, 2004

5. Shipunova T. Ya. Ecological education of children preschool age. - Novosibirsk, 1994

6. S. N. Nikolaeva "Young ecologist" program. M., 2010

7. S. N. Nikolaeva "Method environmental education preschoolers» M., 1999

8. M. M. Markovskaya "Corner of nature in kindergarten» , M., 1989

9. E. A. Rumyantseva « Projects in preschool educational institution: the practice of teaching children 3-7 years old ", Volgograd, 2013

10. http://indoorplants.com.ua/ ananas/vyrashchivaem-ananas-doma/

11. http://sovets.net/2030-kak-vyrastit-doma -ananas.html

Ministry of General and Vocational Education
Sverdlovsk region
Department of Education of the Leninsky District Administration
Cities of Yekaterinburg
Municipal Autonomous General Educational Institution
secondary school No. 93
PROJECT
Growing a sprout from a seed

Research
Pupils of the 4th "g" class
Zholudeva Taisiya
city ​​of Yekaterinburg, 2015
Introduction
Type of project: research, educational
Project implementation period: short-term (4 weeks)
Relevance of the project: the project on growing plants at home is aimed at obtaining basic knowledge about cultivated plants growing in our region; how to grow and care for them.
Purpose: to study the theoretical data on the reproduction of flowering plants by seeds, the application of the knowledge gained to the cultivation of several plant species.
Tasks:
1. Study the theoretical material on growing flowers at home.
2. Learn the rules for caring for seedlings.
3. To study the importance of light, heat, moisture, soil for the growth and development of plants.
4. Follow the growth and development of seedlings in practice
Project idea: Grow several types of plants on your own: marigolds, peas, nasturtium.
Project stages:
1. Collection of necessary information about planted plants, growth and development conditions
2. Preparation of materials for the project: seeds, soil, fertilizers, special pots.
3. Accumulation of material, preparation of a photo report, presentation of the project.
Object of study: the process of germination of plant seeds at home in winter
Research Hypothesis: Ability to Grow Cultivated Plants at Home in Winter

Theoretical data
What is a flower. Cultivation of plants by humans
Flowering plants or Angiosperms - department higher plants, distinctive feature which is the presence of a flower as a reproductive organ
The first flowering plants appeared about 140 million years ago. But these were very simple and few plants. Traces of the wide development and distribution of angiosperms appeared about 100 million years ago.
One of the most important directions in the evolution of the plant kingdom is adaptation to the changing conditions of earthly life. Flowering plants are the clearest expression of this feature and lead among all plants on earth's surface currently.
To the widest geographical diversity is added a variety of forms and methods of growth. The common duckweed that covers the surface of the pond is a tiny green shoot with a simple root submerged vertically in the water, and with very indistinct leaves and parts of the stem. Mighty forest tree centuries has developed its complex system of trunks and branches, covered with countless branches and foliage, and under the ground a powerful, well-developed root system occupies the corresponding area. Between these two extremes are endless species of aquatic and terrestrial grasses, creeping, upright or climbing, bushes and trees.
Man has been growing flowers since time immemorial. The monuments and documents found during excavations confirm that in different parts of our planet, long before our era, various flowering plants to obtain flowers and fragrant oils.
Floriculture is one of the areas of ornamental gardening. Floriculture is the cultivation of flower crops. They are grown to decorate parks, squares, gardens, various premises, for cut flowers. Some plants are grown in open ground, others - in greenhouses, greenhouses, rooms.
This is an integral part of all crop production, it covers a group of plants that are not used as food, but serve as decoration. environment and interiors
An important role in floriculture, as well as in crop production in general, is played by the rules for planting and growing cultivated plants, the timing and methods of obtaining and preserving seeds capable of producing high-quality sprouts.
Studying the processes occurring in the seed after planting, monitoring the growth and development of plants are ways to obtain theoretical and practical knowledge.

Reproduction of flowering plants
Flowering plants reproduce different ways. With the vegetative type of reproduction, all the characteristics of the plant are completely copied: flower color, height, features of the stem, root system, etc. For vegetative propagation, any part of the plant is needed - the parent, whether it be a root, stem or leaf.
Sexual reproduction involves the use of seeds. For most flowering plants, this method is optimal. In order for full-fledged plants to grow from seeds, they must be sown according to certain rules, subject to many conditions, such as: sowing time, temperature regime, soil characteristics.
SEED - germinal stage seed plant formed during the process of reproduction. Inside the seed is an embryo, consisting of an embryonic root, a stalk and one or two leaves, or cotyledons.
The seed is the basis of the existence of the modern flora and fauna. Without a seed, there would be no forests, meadows, steppes, grain fields on the planet, there would be no birds and ants, bees and butterflies, humans and other mammals. All this appeared only after the plants in the course of evolution had seeds, inside which life can, without declaring itself in any way, be preserved for weeks, months and even for many years. The miniature plant germ in the seed is capable of traveling long distances; he is not tied to the earth by roots, like his parents; does not need water or oxygen; he waits in the wings to get to a suitable place and wait for favorable conditions, to begin development, which is called the germination of the seed.

Seed germination, seedling growth
In most plants, even under favorable conditions, the seeds do not germinate for a certain time. At this time, in the seed, the processes of metabolism and energy conversion (in particular, respiration) almost stop, and the water content is no more than 10-15%.
For seed germination, a combination of such conditions is necessary: ​​sufficient humidity, the presence of air, a certain temperature, and for some, even light.
Each plant species has its own requirements for seed germination conditions.
Once in favorable conditions, the seed absorbs water and swells. At the same time, his breathing intensifies, spare nutrients are converted into a form available for consumption by the embryo (for example, insoluble starch is converted to soluble sugars). Some of these substances are used to provide the cells of the embryo with energy, and the other part is used to form compounds necessary for growth.
A plant from the moment of germination is called a seedling. First, the germinal root sprouts, and only then - the kidney. The root breaks through the seed coat and grows deep into the soil, as it reacts to the force of gravity of the Earth, and the shoot, on the contrary, rushes up to the surface of the soil. This direction of growth of the germinal root and shoot does not depend on how the seed is located in the soil.
During storage of seeds, some of the embryos may die from pest damage, drying out, or other causes.
Another condition for obtaining healthy seedlings is the correct sowing depth of seeds. When sowing at insufficient depth, the seeds can dry out and die due to lack of moisture. And, conversely, when sowing too deep, it is difficult for a seedling to break through a thick layer of earth and it appears weakened on the soil surface. In addition, the content of oxygen necessary for the respiration of seedlings decreases with depth in the soil.
Seed germination ends with the transition of the seedling to nutrition through the roots and other parts of the plant. Therefore, the creation of conditions that are optimal for seed germination, and, consequently, for increasing seed germination, is one of the prerequisites for obtaining healthy and viable plants.

Practical part. Growing plants at home
Preparatory work
For growing plants at home, seeds of two types of flowers were purchased: marigolds and nasturtium. The choice was made taking into account the fact that these types of flowers are quite unpretentious in care, germinate quickly and give beautiful large flowers.
In addition, for comparison, pea seeds were purchased, which also has quite short time seed germination.
A special flower soil was also chosen, containing all the minerals necessary for future plants.
The required amount of soil was distributed over three small pots for seedlings.
After studying the rules for planting each type of seed indicated on the package of seeds, we proceeded to planting and further monitoring of the seeds.

planted plants
TAGETS (Tagetes) - The Latin name comes from the name of Tadis, the grandson of Jupiter, who taught people to predict fate and find treasures.
Marigolds are native to South and Central America. In the 16th century, along with many plants (potatoes, corn, etc.), they were brought to Europe and North Africa, from where they quickly spread throughout Europe.
Marigolds came to our country around the 18th century and were then called "African flowers". However, this name did not last long. The Russians called these flowers marigolds because of the velvety of their petals.
You can grow seedlings of marigolds on the windowsill on the sunny side. The soil should be loose, nutritious and fertile. At the time of sowing, the soil should be moist. Seeds are planted in grooves to a depth of 1 cm and at a distance of 1.5 cm from each other. After that, the seeds must be sprinkled with a layer of soil no more than 0.5 cm in height, watered and put in a warm place. Water the seeds should be no more than 1-2 times a day, as the soil dries. Seedlings should appear in 3-5 days.
Nasturtium (beauty, capuchin, tropeolum). Belongs to the capuchin family. The name comes from the Greek words "tropion" - trophies and "olos" - full (the leaves of nasturtium look like shields, and the flowers look like helmets, that is, they resemble the ancient weapons of a warrior).
In Russia, this plant, brought from Holland, was known as capuchin, which is associated with the shape of the flower itself, imitating the hood of a monastic cloak. Later, however, the name "nasturtium" stuck.
The plant is undemanding to growing conditions, with bright flowers. To grow nasturtium you will need fertile soil, good sunlight and frost protection. Seedlings should be placed on the brightest window sill or on a glazed loggia. Seeds are sown to a depth of 2-3 cm in 2 pieces. Nasturtium prefers moderate watering.
Peas - annual herbaceous plant of the legume family, having a fruit - a bean, and seeds - a pea.
The history of pea cultivation goes back at least 3,000 years. In the Middle East, the remains of pea dishes were discovered, which are at least 10 thousand years old. Peas were widely cultivated in ancient india and ancient China, where it is a symbol of fertility and wealth. IN Ancient Greece and ancient Rome, peas were the main food of the poor people. After the peas were brought from France, they quickly became very popular in Russia.
Before planting, pea seeds must be soaked for several hours. Seeds are sown in boxes or pots with moist and loose soil. Peas are sown very densely - every 1-2 cm in a row. Row spacing 2-3 cm. Planting depth 2-3 cm.
Pea care consists in watering, weeding, loosening and top dressing, protection from pests. When the seedlings get stronger and begin to grow, rods are substituted for the plants, clinging to which with antennae, peas can grow vertically.

First day
Planting marigold flower seeds
This is what marigold seeds look like, ready for planting

Planting peas
What dry seeds look like
Seeds must be soaked for several hours before planting.
Plant seeds after soaking
Planting nasturtium flowers
What dry seeds look like
Water after planting in a pot.
Inside the flower seed looks something like this

The peel protects the seed from external influences.
The endosperm is a storehouse of nutrients. Thanks to him, the plant can begin its growth after planting. When the seed germinates, the nutrients from the endosperm enter the root, stalk and bud through the cotyledon.
Cotyledon, bud, stalk and root - the embryo of the future plant. From the kidney - leaves, from the stalk - the stem, from the root - the root, from the cotyledons - the first 2 leaves.
From each part of the embryo and seed, a certain part of the plant develops.

All conditions were created for the growth of the plant: light, watering, warmth, care.
Seed germination has begun.
Schematically, the process of flower growth is as follows:

Or more clearly:

The first sprouts of marigolds appeared on the 4th day after planting

On the eleventh day after planting (the seventh after the appearance of the sprout)
Marigolds grow slowly. By the end of the second week after planting:

On the eighteenth day:

In three weeks, the height of the sprout was only three centimeters.
In 6-7 weeks such flowers should have bloomed

The first sprouts of nasturtium appeared on the 7th day after planting

Nasturtium grows rapidly, more than 1 cm per day. The reason for such rapid growth is also that in winter there is little light in the room and the sprouts struggle to reach the window to get more. sunlight.

Seventh day after seed germination

The sprouts reach for the light

Beginning of the second week after emergence:

Turn towards the light source

They grew quite large, more than 30 cm in two weeks.

The seedlings did not have enough light and heat to set flowers in winter. The first flowers should appear about two months after emergence.
Such nasturtium flowers should have bloomed

The peas did not germinate a single seed. Most likely, the seeds were old and did not have enough moisture and heat for sprouts to appear.

conclusions
Dry seeds contain the beginnings of future LIVING plants, but in a "sleepy" state.
Conditions for seed germination are light, air, water, minerals.
Seed germination begins when water enters the seed. Having penetrated into the seed, water causes it to swell - the seed slightly increases in volume. At the same time, reserve nutrients found in the endosperm and cotyledons pass into a soluble state and become available to the cells of the living embryo.
If there are few reserve nutrients in the seed, as happened with the seeds of peas and marigolds, then the development of the embryo occurs slowly or does not begin at all, and the embryo dies.
the importance of heat and light is very great. In the absence of lighting ( winter period, dark rooms) plants tend to an available light source, stretch, leaves and stems become weak and light.
when landing, it is very important to follow all the rules for this plant: planting dates, hole depth, thermal and light conditions. Without these conditions, the desired result may not be achieved.

Bibliography
Raven P., Evert R., Eickhorn S. Modern botany, vol. 2. M., 1990
Collier Encyclopedia. - Open society. 2000.
"Biology. Modern Illustrated Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. A. P. Gorkin; M.: Rosmen, 2006.)
www.wikipedia.org

year 2014

Project name: "The development of a plant from a seed"

Project Manager: Vyzhelevskaya Alla Petrovna

Objective of the project : watch how new plants grow from seeds.

Project objectives:

• Select project participants
• Prepare the necessary equipment for the project
• Individually create conditions for the germination of plants for each project participant.
• Self-sprout the selected plant from the seed
• Record your observations in a diary
• draw conclusions about this project.

Activities:

• search engine - work with literature and Internet resources about various plants
• creative - development of interest and broadening the horizons of students
• research– observation of grown plants

Object of study:mandarin, tomato

Subject of study:plant growth conditions

Practical output of the project:creation of a collective project

Project implementation timeline: December 23, 2013 - February 21, 2014

Relevance

The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in it. At the lessons of the "World around" we got acquainted with plant growing, with the development of plants from seeds. This was the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed a desire to grow their own plant and observe its development.

Hypothesis

Among the wide variety of plants, there are those that are not so demanding on the length of daylight hours and can grow in artificial conditions. Therefore, we suggested that both mandarin and tomato seeds can be germinated at home.

Project Implementation Plan

1. Specify the conditions for the growth of mandarin, tomato.
2. Germinate the seeds and place them in the soil.
3. Watch the development of sprouts.
4. Monitor compliance with the conditions.
5. Keep an observation diary.
6. Get the end result.
7. Make a conclusion.

Expected results

It is assumed that as a result of the work a project will be created.

Grade 4 students will show interest and take an active part in finding materials about plants in order to further design the project.

The implementation of the project will solve the problems of educating an active life position children, the formation of a sense of responsibility.

Project implementation

"Development of a plant from a seed"

The project, which was implemented from December 23, 2011 to February 21, 2012, can be described as research. The project involved 3 students of the 4th grade.

Stages of project implementation:

• introduction to the project (December 23, 2013)
• individual work in the project (December 23, 2013 - February 10, 2014)
• registration and presentation of observations in the form of diaries of observations (February 16, 20124)
• creation of a collective project (February 21, 2014)

At the first stage the topic of the project was chosen, after discussing the situation, a hypothesis was identified, project participants were selected.

At the second stage carried out independent work project participants according to their individual tasks. To search for the necessary information, Internet resources and the library fund were used.

At the third stage the results of their observations are presented in the form of observation diaries. The project participants shared their observations with the class.

Diary of observations of Kovaleva Maria:

Diary of observations of Kulichkova Irina:

Diary of observations Konopelko Svetlana:

On final stagethe focus was on the collective analysis of past cases and the creation of a project.

Project results

Our research has proven that plants such as mandarin or tomato are not as demanding on the length of daylight hours and can grow in artificial conditions.

Sources

Literature:

1. Abdrafikova Irina

   Project Manager:

   Galimova Maria Sergeevna

   Institution:

   MBOU secondary school No. 38, Ozersk

   In the educational research work in biology on the topic "Tree from the bone" the author set a goal to identify what conditions are needed for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room environment, to learn new and interesting things from plant life.

   More about work:

   The basis of an individual project on the surrounding world is the description by the author background information about growing such exotic plants as date, mandarin and pomegranate by sprouting the seed of their fruit. The author conducts an experiment and determines the conditions that allow growing a tree from a stone at home.

   In the finished research biology project "Bone Tree" the author considered the principles of cultivation and the rules for caring for dates, pomegranates and tangerines at home, an experiment was conducted on the germination of the seeds of the fruits of these plants, their sowing and monitoring of growth. During the experiments, the author identified the factors necessary to grow and maintain an exotic plant for our area at home.

   Introduction
   1. Plants from the stone.
   2. The composition of the soil. landing conditions. Planting plants.
   conclusions
   Conclusion
   Literature
   Application

   Introduction

   
   We have a lot of plants at home, including exotic ones. I love them and take care of them. Many of them my mother and I raised from seeds.

   Growing plants and observing them is a very exciting and educational process. The development of a plant from the germination of a seed to the appearance of the first flowers or fruits is the magic of nature. Science confirms that plants grown from seeds have some benefits. These plants stronger, healthier, richer bloom. Not to mention the pleasure of the process, when a beautiful flower or tree grows from a small bone. It takes a lot of time and patience before a full-fledged plant grows.

   Due to the growing popularity of exotic plants, I decided to conduct a series of experiments related to identifying the conditions necessary for their development. By exotic plants, I mean plants that are unusual for our area.

   Objects my research - exotic plants: date, tangerine and pomegranate.

   Subject of study : conditions that allow you to grow a tree from a stone at home.

   I chose this project topic because I wanted to find out what needs to be done to make this miracle of nature happen - the transformation of a small seed into an adult plant.

   A plant begins its life from a seed. A tiny seed falls into the ground, it begins to grow, a root and a sprout appear, then leaves, flowers and fruits.

   Goals:

   1. Find out what conditions are needed for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room setting.
   2. Learn new and interesting things from plant life.
   3. Expand your horizons and expand your vocabulary.

   Tasks:

   1. Select and study additional literature on the topic of the project.
   2. Conduct practical work: seed selection, sowing, care, growth monitoring.
   3. Learn how to take care of your plants.
   4. Compare the results and summarize.
   5. To identify during the experiments the factors necessary in order to grow and maintain an exotic plant at home.

   The relevance of research associated with the popularity of breeding ornamental exotic trees indoors at the present time.

   Hypothesis. If we succeed in growing and preserving date, pomegranate and mandarin (exotic plants) from the stone, then we can say that it is adapted to domestic conditions, despite the difference in climatic conditions in which it grows in nature.

   Practical significance: research is expanding the understanding of growing exotic trees. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Gaining more knowledge about the environment.

   Research methods: experiment, observation, description.

   Plants from the stone

   
   Date fruit (lat. Phoenix)- genus plants of the palm family. Representatives of the genus are trees or squat shrubs with pinnately divided leaves. Most species are single-trunked trees, but there are species with multiple trunks. The leaves are long, with strong sharp spines at the base.

   The flowers are small, yellow in color, collected in paniculate inflorescences.

   Date palm Phoenix dactylifera is a very tall palm tree, the trunk reaches a height of 15-30 m, the trunk becomes bare over the years, the leaves are curved, green. The fruits are edible.

   On the market, as dried fruits, you can buy the fruits of the date finger.

   Care: temperature: moderate, winter temperature for Canarian and finger dates is 8-16°C.

   Lighting: a very bright place, direct sun is useful. For uniform development of the crown, the date is periodically turned in different directions towards the light, while the top of the last young leaf should be directed deep into the room, and not towards the window. Summer if possible date palm take out into the garden, choose a place protected from the wind.

   Distributed in the Canary Islands, in the oases of the Sahara, Arabia and Western Asia.

   Pomegranate Punica granatum- This is a deciduous tree with erect, strongly branching shoots covered with grayish-brown bark. Leaves sessile or on short petioles, lanceolate, obtuse at the end, up to 7 cm long. The flowers are solitary, formed at the ends of the shoots. Pomegranate is a perennial tree of a subtropical climate, however, by the age of 50-60, the yield decreases, and old plantings are replaced by young ones.

   The flowers are bell-shaped double and single, orange-red, reach 4 cm in diameter.

   The leaves are oval, light green, 3 cm long. They form spherical pomegranate fruits with a leathery pericarp and numerous juicy seeds. Lives up to 50 years, reaching a height of up to 5-6 m. The fruit is the size of an orange, its peel is from orange-yellow to brown-red. The natural range of the pomegranate covers Western Asia, including the territories of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, South Armenia, Georgia, Iran, the southern part of Western Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. In Central Asia, wild pomegranate is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

   Mandarin(lat. Citrus reticulata) is an evergreen plant, a species of the genus Citrus ( Citrus).Word " mandarin» is borrowed into Russian from Spanish (probably through French). Spanish title" mandarino"derived from" se mondar " (« easy to clean”) and contains an indication of the property of the peel of the fruit to be easily separated from the pulp.

   Young shoots are dark green. The leaves are relatively small, ovate or elliptical, the petioles are almost without wings or slightly winged. The flowers are solitary or placed in pairs in the axils of the leaves, the petals are dull white, the stamens are mostly with underdeveloped anthers and pollen.

   Native to southern China and Cochin China; in the wild state is unknown. Introduced to Europe only at the beginning 19th century.

   In India, the countries of Indochina, China, South Korea and Japan - the most common citrus culture. It is also widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean - in Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey; grown in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as in Brazil and Argentina.

   Soil composition. landing conditions. planting

   
   In our experiment, we used expanded clay drainage (Sad Miracles company), as it prevents soil acidification. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to endure periods of forced drought.

   Nutrient soil "Palma" (fully prepared, neutral). Contains biohumus (organic fertilizer). Firm "Garden of Miracles". It is especially effective for growing large specimens of ornamental plants: palms (dates, chamerops) and others.

   Nutrient soil "Lemon", ready-made neutral, highly supplied with nutrients. Firm "Garden of Miracles".

   Remedy for soil pests "Flyeater". It is used to combat soil flies and fungal gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August".

   For planting, we purchased fruits of date-dried fruits, tangerine and pomegranate in the store.

   The date seed is very hard. To speed up the seed germination time, we used the following methods:

   1. Soak- soaking, wetting, soaking seeds, immersing seeds in water or various aqueous solutions or wetting them with water and solutions before sowing. We chose ten seeds suitable for planting, cleaned, washed, soaked for a day in warm water.

   2. Scarification(from lat. scarifico- scratch) - partial violation of the integrity of the hard waterproof shell of seeds in order to facilitate their swelling and germination and increase the percentage of germination. There are mechanical, for example, rubbing seeds with sandpaper or rubbing with sand, iron filings and other materials, and chemical scarification, for example, etching with sulfuric acid, followed by washing with water. With scarification, the strength of the seed coat decreases, and they germinate easier and faster.

   When the bones were swollen, we carefully scratched ten of them with a needle for faster penetration into the water. Two bones were left untouched for comparison.

   Pomegranate and tangerine seeds were cleaned of pulp and washed.

   All the seeds were placed in wet gauze, placed in a foam pad, as it insulates heat so that moisture does not evaporate, covered with plastic wrap, and the date was written. Seeds need warmth to germinate, so they were placed on a windowsill.

   Result: table

   As a result, it turned out that those seeds that were scarified germinated faster.

   We chose containers for seedlings of different sizes. Date fruit we planted in a deep container, 10 cm in diameter, to avoid damage to the roots when further transplant. pomegranate and tangerine planted in shallow containers, 6-7 cm in diameter. Drainage was placed at the bottom of the pots. Soil was poured for the date " Palm", for pomegranate and tangerine - primer" Lemon". Germinated seeds were carefully placed, soil was poured on top, with a layer of 1 to 1.5 cm. For comparison, non-germinated seeds were planted. They poured it with pre-prepared water at room temperature, glued leaves with dates and names of plants. All the pots were placed in plastic bags and placed on the windowsill.

   Result: table

   Eventually, it turned out that not all pomegranate and tangerine seeds germinate evenly. Some germinated pomegranate seeds rotted from excess moisture after planting. Mandarin seeds planted by soaking without sprouting germinate more slowly than sprouted seeds. Unsprouted dates germinate longer than other plants due to the hard shell of the seeds.

   Result: table

   After the appearance of the first shoots, the plastic bags were removed so that the plants adapted to room conditions. Watched the growth, watered, fertilized.

   In the summer, they were taken to the dacha (Argayashsky district), grown on outdoor terrace away from direct sunlight.

   In winter, some dates and pomegranates were left in country house at room temperature 12°C. Rarely watered. The remaining dates and mandarin were grown in an apartment at a temperature of 22-25°C. Seven months later we got a good result.

   conclusions

   After analyzing our observations during the experiment, and studying Additional materials On the topic of the project, I made the following conclusions:

   • The plant needs water. Each seed has a supply of nutrients, a small "pantry". But seeds can only use nutrients dissolved in water. Therefore, when the seeds are placed in a humid environment, the nutrients dissolve in the water and give the seed the strength to grow.
   • The plant needs air. Like all living things, the seed breathes oxygen. And oxygen, as you know, is contained in the air. Without access to air, the plant will die.
   • The plant needs warmth. In heat, all processes occur faster. In the cold, the seed does not germinate. Without heat, the plant goes into hibernation and may even die.
   • The plant needs light. Under the action of sunlight, nutrients are produced in the leaves of plants. The leaves are living plants» for food production. They contain a sticky green substance called chlorophyll. Plants use it to make their own food. It looks like a sweetish juice and is called resin. Entering all parts of the plant, resin nourishes it and gives strength for growth. The formation of nutrient juices in the leaves of plants is called photosynthesis.
   • The plant gets its nutrients from the soil. Plant roots draw water and minerals from the soil. If the soil is poor, then the plant develops worse. Therefore, people apply fertilizers to the soil in order to get a good harvest.

   Conclusion

   
   Our studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors.

   • factors close to the climatic conditions in which it grows;
   • exotic plants need water, light and heat;
   • exotic plants are able to adapt to home conditions.

   In particular: location.