Plant growing project. Exotic fruits that can be grown from seeds. Plants from the stone

from teacher experience primary school MBOU "Secondary School No. 33" of Kazan Salimullina Yulduz Rafisovna.

Explanatory note.

Changes in Russian education and transformations in society require a new approach to the learning process from the school teacher. In modern conditions of life, it is not enough just to possess a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, one must be able to acquire them in an increasing volume, to be able to apply them in real life, in a real situation.

In today's dynamically developing information society, it is really not so much knowledge that is needed as the ability to acquire it and the ability to apply independently acquired knowledge in all kinds of situations.

The formation of educational and cognitive activity is one of the main factors of learning that stimulates the development of younger students.

The project method is a joint activity of a teacher and students aimed at finding a solution to a problem that has arisen, a problem situation.

The ratio of the problem and the practical implementation of the results of its solution or consideration makes the project method so attractive for the education system.

Project and research activities make it possible to form on their basis the educational and cognitive activity of students, since structurally these types of activities are similar.

Student design is the process of working on an educational project, the process of achieving the intended result in the form of a specific “product” (project).

Student design is becoming a popular form of organizing the creative activity of students in educational institutions of various levels. In favor of its use, teachers find numerous and varied arguments. Student design is gaining prominence as a universal means of solving various educational problems.

Including younger students in the project, you can form the following skills in them:

Determine the purpose of the activity, plan it, perform actions and operations;

correlate the result of the activity and its purpose;

control your actions.

Perform mental operations that are part of the project activity.

Conduct observations.

To put simple experiments, to build simple models of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

The implementation of the project is carried out with the aim of educating children, their civic position, their social orientation and adaptation in society, self-affirmation.

Project topics need to be clearly defined. The subject material must be built in an appropriate logical sequence, the educational and cognitive activity of younger students should be designed so that it reflects the logic of scientific and cognitive activity.

Working on projects, students get acquainted with the diversity of the world around them, get ideas about its structure, about ways to gain knowledge about it, learn to independently extract information, systematize and generalize it; responsibility for their activities, respectful and equal interaction with partners is formed.

Such work prepares younger students for a deeper study of the foundations of science. Therefore, an important task is to equip students with methods of scientific knowledge. Most importantly, the teacher should convey to every student that they will learn to do their own research and do the work that scientists do. Training should be built on the basis of independent activity, reproducing the main points inherent in research and project activities. Needed here individual approach. Education this species activities I start from the first class. I rely on a group of children and parents interested in preparing projects. The result of the work are various competitions. I use project technology in the classroom. It develops universal learning activities.

The competition of research projects “I am a young researcher” has become a tradition in our school. project activities in primary school I consider it relevant, because today, instead of acquiring ready-made knowledge, skills and abilities, it is necessary to develop the personality of the child, his creative abilities, independent thinking and a sense of personal responsibility. In my opinion, it is the project activity that allows students to acquire knowledge, helps to connect them with real life. The method of the educational project contributes to the formation of key competencies of students, preparing them for real life conditions. Brings the process of education and upbringing out of the walls of the school into the outside world.

I want to bring to your attention the design and research work of a 1st grade student on the topic: “The amazing is nearby. Growing exotic fruits at home.

Municipal budgetary educational institution"Secondary school No. 33 with in-depth study of individual subjects" of the Aircraft Building District of Kazan

Abdrafikova Irina

Project Manager:

Galimova Maria Sergeevna

Institution:

MBOU secondary school No. 38, Ozersk

In the educational research work in biology on the topic "Tree from the bone" the author set a goal to identify what conditions are needed for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room environment, to learn new and interesting things from plant life.

More about work:

The basis of an individual project on the surrounding world is the description by the author background information about growing such exotic plants as date, mandarin and pomegranate by sprouting the seed of their fruit. The author conducts an experiment and determines the conditions that allow growing a tree from a stone at home.

In the finished research biology project "Bone Tree" the author considered the principles of cultivation and the rules for caring for dates, pomegranates and tangerines at home, an experiment was conducted on the germination of the seeds of the fruits of these plants, their sowing and monitoring of growth. During the experiments, the author identified the factors necessary to grow and maintain an exotic plant for our area at home.

Introduction
1. Plants from the stone.
2. The composition of the soil. landing conditions. Planting plants.
conclusions
Conclusion
Literature
Application

Introduction

We have a lot of plants at home, including exotic ones. I love them and take care of them. Many of them my mother and I raised from seeds.

Growing plants and observing them is a very exciting and educational process. The development of a plant from the germination of a seed to the appearance of the first flowers or fruits is the magic of nature. Science confirms that plants grown from seeds have some benefits. These plants stronger, healthier, richer bloom. Not to mention the pleasure of the process, when a beautiful flower or tree grows from a small bone. It takes a lot of time and patience before a full-fledged plant grows.

Due to the growing popularity of exotic plants, I decided to conduct a series of experiments related to identifying the conditions necessary for their development. By exotic plants, I mean plants that are unusual for our area.

Objects my research - exotic plants: date, mandarin and pomegranate.

Subject of study : conditions that allow you to grow a tree from a stone at home.

I chose this project topic because I wanted to find out what needs to be done to make this miracle of nature happen - the transformation of a small seed into an adult plant.

A plant begins its life from a seed. A tiny seed falls into the ground, it begins to grow, a root and a sprout appear, then leaves, flowers and fruits.

Goals:

1. Find out what conditions are needed for the growth and good development of exotic plants in a room setting.
2. Learn new and interesting things from plant life.
3. Expand your horizons and expand your vocabulary.

Tasks:

1. Select and study additional literature on the topic of the project.
2. Conduct practical work: seed selection, sowing, care, growth monitoring.
3. Learn how to take care of your plants.
4. Compare the results and summarize.
5. To identify during the experiments the factors necessary in order to grow and maintain an exotic plant at home.

The relevance of research associated with the popularity of breeding ornamental exotic trees indoors at the present time.

Hypothesis. If we succeed in growing and preserving date, pomegranate and mandarin (exotic plants) from the stone, then we can say that it is adapted to domestic conditions, despite the difference in climatic conditions in which it grows in nature.

Practical significance: research is expanding the understanding of growing exotic trees. The recommendations proposed in the work allow you to competently approach the germination of seeds and grow healthy, strong plants in the future. Gaining more knowledge about the environment.

Research methods: experiment, observation, description.

Plants from the stone

Date fruit (lat. Phoenix)- genus plants of the palm family. Representatives of the genus are trees or squat shrubs with pinnately divided leaves. Most species are single-trunked trees, but there are species with multiple trunks. The leaves are long, with strong sharp spines at the base.

The flowers are small, yellow in color, collected in paniculate inflorescences.

Date palm Phoenix dactylifera is a very tall palm tree, the trunk reaches a height of 15-30 m, the trunk becomes bare over the years, the leaves are curved, green. The fruits are edible.

On the market, as dried fruits, you can buy the fruits of the date finger.

Care: temperature: moderate, winter temperature for Canarian and finger dates is 8-16°C.

Lighting: a very bright place, direct sun is useful. For uniform development of the crown, the date is periodically turned in different directions towards the light, while the top of the last young leaf should be directed deep into the room, and not towards the window. Summer if possible date palm take out into the garden, choose a place protected from the wind.

Distributed in the Canary Islands, in the oases of the Sahara, Arabia and Western Asia.

Pomegranate Punica granatum- This is a deciduous tree with erect, strongly branching shoots covered with grayish-brown bark. Leaves sessile or on short petioles, lanceolate, obtuse at the end, up to 7 cm long. The flowers are solitary, formed at the ends of the shoots. Pomegranate is a perennial tree of a subtropical climate, however, by the age of 50-60, the yield decreases, and old plantings are replaced by young ones.

The flowers are bell-shaped double and single, orange-red, reach 4 cm in diameter.

The leaves are oval, light green, 3 cm long. They form spherical pomegranate fruits with a leathery pericarp and numerous juicy seeds. Lives up to 50 years, reaching a height of up to 5-6 m. The fruit is the size of an orange, its peel is from orange-yellow to brown-red. The natural range of the pomegranate covers Western Asia, including the territories of Turkey, Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, South Armenia, Georgia, Iran, the southern part of Western Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. In Central Asia, wild pomegranate is found in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan.

Mandarin(lat. Citrus reticulata) is an evergreen plant, a species of the genus Citrus ( Citrus).Word " mandarin» is borrowed into Russian from Spanish (probably through French). Spanish title" mandarino"derived from" se mondar " (« easy to clean”) and contains an indication of the property of the peel of the fruit to be easily separated from the pulp.

Young shoots are dark green. The leaves are relatively small, ovate or elliptical, the petioles are almost without wings or slightly winged. The flowers are solitary or placed in pairs in the axils of the leaves, the petals are dull white, the stamens are mostly with underdeveloped anthers and pollen.

Native to southern China and Cochin China; in the wild state is unknown. Introduced to Europe only at the beginning 19th century.

In India, the countries of Indochina, China, South Korea and Japan - the most common citrus culture. It is also widely cultivated throughout the Mediterranean - in Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Turkey; grown in Abkhazia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as in Brazil and Argentina.

Soil composition. landing conditions. planting

In our experiment, we used expanded clay drainage (Sad Miracles company), as it prevents soil acidification. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to endure periods of forced drought.

Nutrient soil "Palma" (fully prepared, neutral). Contains biohumus (organic fertilizer). Firm "Garden of Miracles". Particularly effective for growing large specimens ornamental plants: palms (date, chamerops) and others.

Nutrient soil "Lemon", ready-made neutral, highly supplied with nutrients. Firm "Garden of Miracles".

Remedy for soil pests "Flyeater". It is used to combat soil flies and fungal gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August".

For planting, we purchased fruits of date-dried fruits, tangerine and pomegranate in the store.

The date seed is very hard. To speed up the seed germination time, we used the following methods:

1. Soak- soaking, wetting, soaking seeds, immersing seeds in water or various aqueous solutions or wetting them with water and solutions before sowing. We chose ten seeds suitable for planting, cleaned, washed, soaked for a day in warm water.

2. Scarification(from lat. scarifico- scratch) - partial violation of the integrity of the hard waterproof shell of seeds in order to facilitate their swelling and germination and increase the percentage of germination. There are mechanical, for example, rubbing seeds with sandpaper or rubbing with sand, iron filings and other materials, and chemical scarification, for example, etching with sulfuric acid, followed by washing with water. With scarification, the strength of the seed coat decreases, and they germinate easier and faster.

When the bones were swollen, we carefully scratched ten of them with a needle for faster penetration into the water. Two bones were left untouched for comparison.

Pomegranate and tangerine seeds were cleaned of pulp and washed.

All the seeds were placed in wet gauze, placed in a foam pad, as it insulates heat so that moisture does not evaporate, covered with plastic wrap, and the date was written. Seeds need warmth to germinate, so they were placed on a windowsill.

Result: table

As a result, it turned out that those seeds that were scarified germinated faster.

We chose containers for seedlings of different sizes. Date fruit we planted in a deep container, 10 cm in diameter, to avoid damage to the roots when further transplant. pomegranate and tangerine planted in shallow containers, 6-7 cm in diameter. Drainage was placed at the bottom of the pots. Soil was poured for the date " Palm", for pomegranate and tangerine - primer" Lemon". Germinated seeds were carefully placed, soil was poured on top, with a layer of 1 to 1.5 cm. For comparison, non-germinated seeds were planted. They poured it with pre-prepared water at room temperature, glued leaves with dates and names of plants. All the pots were placed in plastic bags and placed on the windowsill.

Result: table

Eventually, it turned out that not all pomegranate and tangerine seeds germinate evenly. Some germinated pomegranate seeds rotted from excess moisture after planting. Mandarin seeds planted by soaking without sprouting germinate more slowly than sprouted seeds. Unsprouted dates germinate longer than other plants due to the hard shell of the seeds.

Result: table

After the appearance of the first shoots, the plastic bags were removed so that the plants adapted to room conditions. Watched the growth, watered, fertilized.

In the summer, they were taken to the dacha (Argayashsky district), grown on outdoor terrace away from direct sunlight.

IN winter period some dates and pomegranates were left in country house at room temperature 12°C. Rarely watered. The remaining dates and mandarin were grown in an apartment at a temperature of 22-25°C. Seven months later we got a good result.

conclusions

After analyzing our observations during the experiment, and having studied Additional materials On the topic of the project, I made the following conclusions:

• The plant needs water. Each seed has a supply of nutrients, a small "pantry". But seeds can only be used when dissolved in water. nutrients. Therefore, when the seeds are placed in a humid environment, the nutrients dissolve in the water and give the seed the strength to grow.
• The plant needs air. Like all living things, the seed breathes oxygen. And oxygen, as you know, is contained in the air. Without access to air, the plant will die.
• The plant needs warmth. In heat, all processes occur faster. In the cold, the seed does not germinate. Without heat, the plant goes into hibernation and may even die.
• The plant needs light. Under the influence sunlight Plant leaves produce nutrients. The leaves are living plants» for food production. They contain a sticky green substance called chlorophyll. Plants use it to make their own food. It looks like a sweetish juice and is called resin. Entering all parts of the plant, resin nourishes it and gives strength for growth. The formation of nutrient juices in the leaves of plants is called photosynthesis.
• The plant gets its nutrients from the soil. Plant roots draw water and minerals from the soil. If the soil is poor, then the plant develops worse. Therefore, people apply fertilizers to the soil in order to get a good harvest.

Conclusion

Our studies have shown that even exotic trees can be grown indoors.

• factors close to the climatic conditions in which it grows;
• exotic plants need water, light and heat;
• exotic plants are able to adapt to home conditions.

In particular: location.

My grandmother loves to grow indoor plants because they decorate the apartment, cheer up. I help my grandmother plant them, take care of them. Recently, we have become interested in rare plants. Once I learned from a TV program that it is possible to grow an exotic plant from a stone in our region. I wanted to try it myself. I consulted with my grandmother and my teacher, they agreed to help me in this experiment. So experiment and observation, which is integral part any experiment, will be the main methods in the course of the research work.

Hypothesis my work: suppose that at home, not only lemon, date, but also mango can be grown from seeds.
We decided to buy dates, mango and lemon. When the fruits were eaten with pleasure, fresh seeds and bones remained in the palm of your hand, just extracted from the ripe pulp, which means that they are quite viable and ready for growth. For some reason, it is believed that beautiful plants will grow from them that will take root in the house for many years, and I want to give them this chance.

Target: grow plants from mango, lemon and date seeds.

Tasks:
1. Learn to take care of plants on your own.
2. Learn as much as possible about the planted plants, study the reference literature about them.
3. To develop industriousness, endurance.
4. To form the ability to observe, compare, analyze.
5. To cultivate a responsible attitude and interest in indoor plants as objects of the surrounding world.

The human need for plants is high. Apart from decorative effect, the leaves of these plants attract toxins, gases, dust. You can grow them at least because they have a phytoncidal effect.

planting
landing conditions. Soil composition.
Expanded clay drainage. Product of CJSC MNPL FART. Firm "Garden of Miracles". Prevents acidification of the soil. Optimizes moisture and air exchange. Eliminates the appearance of mold and mosses on the surface of the soil. Helps plants to endure periods of forced drought. Additive to flower peat soils. The volume of soil in the package is 2 liters. City of St. Petersburg, st. Lensoviet №58.
Nutrient soil "Palma" (fully prepared, neutral). Contains biohumus. Products of CJSC MNPL FART. Firm "Garden of Miracles".
It is especially effective for growing large specimens of ornamental plants: palm trees (date, chamerops and others), ficus, dracaena. Production city Saint-Petersburg, st. Lensoviet №58.
Fertilizer based on biohumus "Ideal", universal. Origin: liquid fraction of a natural waste product of earthworms. Recommended: for fertilizing all types of vegetable, fruit, berry, green, flower crops and seedlings, as well as for soaking seeds and rooting cuttings. Manufactured in Moscow.
Remedy for soil pests "Flyeater". It is used to combat soil flies and fungal gnats on indoor plants. Firm "August". City of Troitsk, Moscow region.

Conclusion: The study of recommendations for planting plants and instructions for use, as well as the analysis of the composition of ready-made universal products intended for growing all types of flower crops, is preparatory work before conducting an experiment on growing fruit plants.

Project name: "The development of a plant from a seed"

Objective of the project: to trace how new plants grow from seeds, to find out by experience what conditions are necessary for seed germination.

Project objectives:

• Prepare the necessary equipment for the project
• Individually create conditions for the germination of plants for each project participant.
• Self-sprout the selected plant from the seed
• Record your observations in a diary
• draw conclusions about this project.

Activities:

• search engine- work with literature and Internet resources about various plants
• creative- development of interest and broadening the horizons of students
• research– observation of grown plants

Object of study: seeds of cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, wheat.

Subject of study: plant growth conditions

Practical output of the project: creation of a collective project

Relevance

The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in it.

In the lessons of "Biology" we got acquainted with the development of plants from seeds. This was the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed their desire to grow their own plant and observe its development, and the rest observed the control process of seed germination and plant cultivation in the class.

The research work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, we studied the issues of seed germination and processed the necessary information. In the practical part, experimental research methods were used, based on the results of which we made the appropriate conclusions.

Hypothesis

Among a wide variety of plants, all seeds need the same conditions for germination. Therefore, we assumed that the seeds of beans, cucumber, tomato, wheat, beans can be germinated at home. For the purity of the experiment, we used various material for planting: sawdust, soil, peat tablets and hydrogel.

Before the start of the study, a hypothesis: if one of the conditions is excluded, then the seeds will not germinate.

Project Implementation Plan

• Specify the conditions for seed germination. Stages of seed germination.
• To figure out effective methods germinating seeds at home.
• Watch the development of sprouts.
• Monitor compliance with the conditions.
• Keep an observation diary.
• Acquire new knowledge.
• Get the end result.
• Make a conclusion.

Expected results

It is assumed that as a result of the work a project will be created.

Grade 5 students will show interest and take an active part in the search for materials about plants in order to further design the project, expand their horizons, and gain experience in the field of crop production.

The implementation of the project will solve the problems of educating an active life position children, the formation of a sense of responsibility.

The purpose of my work- grow an avocado plant at home.

project product will be an avocado plant.

To achieve this goal, I need to solve the following tasks:

1. Collect material on the topic.
2. Analyze the collected information.
3. Collect and prepare seeds for sowing.
4. Germinate and plant seeds.
5. Observe and record plant growth.

Methods:

1. Search for information on the Internet, in the library.
2. Study and analysis of literature.
3. observation, comparison.
4. Agricultural practices for growing avocados.

Conclusions:

1. After studying the literature on growing avocados at home, I learned that it is more efficient to propagate avocados (Avocado) can be vegetatively or by grafting.
2. Therefore, I grow two more plants to obtain material on these propagation methods.
3. Work on the formation of an avocado plant will continue.

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