Synopsis of the integrated node on cognitive development in the senior group with a presentation. Journey to the world of plants - presentation Lesson: "Journey to the world of plants"
Extracurricular activity in biology for students of the 6th grade.
"Journey to the world of plants"
Target:
Expand and deepen your knowledge of botany
Creating conditions for expanding the horizons of students;
Develop their attention, ingenuity, ability to work in a team.
Stimulation to search additional information on this topic.
To develop respect for the environment;
Equipment: computer, flash drive with video recording, waybills for each team, sheets with tasks, signs with the names of stations.
Rules of the game: Participation is taken by two teams (students of 6th grade.) Each team is given waybills in which the names of the stations at which they need to make stops are given. At each station, participants are met by students of the 7th grade. Teams are invited to complete the task and score points, the points scored and the time of arrival and departure are set in the waybill in the column opposite each station. At the end of the trip, points are calculated and the results are announced.
Waybill
Team _______________________________________
Commander F.I.__________________________________
Route "Journey to the world of plants"
Station name Number of points, parking time
"Confusion"
"Think Guess"
"Botanical"
"Kids about plants"
"Legend"
"People's Healer"
result
"Confusion"
Task: Decipher the names of plants and distribute them into families
plant name cipher family
Cabbage soup -ka-ta cruciferous
Cherry shiv- rosacea
Apricot juices - abr rosaceae
Tomato ot- nightshade mat
Astra ra-ast Compositae
Garlic end onion
wheat ni - millet - ats cereals
tulip nap - lilac tulle
"Think - Guess"
I am in the field and in the garden
In front of passers-by.
My head is white
Overgrown with petals. (Chamomile)
In the meadow among the insects
There was a commotion.
Pushed back a family of insects
Giant ... (Thistle)
Burned in the dewy grass
Flashlight golden.
Then faded, faded
And turned into fluff. (Dandelion)
Yellow Antoshka
Spins on the leg.
Where the sun stands
That's where he looks. (Sunflower).
Ignashki on the shoulders
Forty three shirts
All from bleached fabric,
And on top - a green jacket. (cabbage)
From America, friends,
I was brought to Russia.
Without me, all your ancestors
They ate only cabbage soup and porridge! (potato)
He loves to grow in the field,
Not in the garden, but in the open field, he is mustachioed and creeping
I hid the nucleoli in a pod -
saber fist,
You can't figure it out if it's dry
It is called ... .. (peas)
"Botanical"
1. This plant was brought to Russia under Tsar Peter 1. For a long time, the peasants did not recognize it as an edible plant. Yes, and noble people often used its delicate flowers as decoration. And today we do not imagine our daily and festive table without it delicious vegetable. (Potato)
2. This plant is on different languages called almost the same. For the Poles it is “drifting”, for the Germans it is “ground berry”. In Russian, the name of this fragrant berry sounds very similar. (Strawberry)
3. This tree blooms later than other trees, but it spreads such an amazing aroma that you can recognize it by smell from afar. In addition, its flowers are an excellent remedy for colds. (Linden)
4. This slender tree grows in the north of America and in the old days was the only source of sugar for local tribes. And now his leaf is depicted on the flag of Canada. (Maple)
5. A huge berry in some areas of the Kalahari Desert, it is almost the only source of moisture. Her relatives are melon, pumpkin and cucumber.
"Kids about plants"
Playback video recording. Students of the "0" class talk about plants, but do not name it. It is necessary to guess what plant it is.
"LEGEND"
№1
There is a legend among the people, according to which this beautiful flower owes its name to the young gardener George. In ancient times, it was a royal flower and could only grow in the palace garden. And he would have remained a prisoner of the king if it were not for the gardener George ... Despite the severe ban, the gardener gave this flower to his bride, and then planted the same flower near her house. Upon learning of this, the king ordered the gardener to be thrown into prison, where he died. But the royal flower has already broken free and has become a favorite among the people. In honor of the young gardener George, who gave his life for his freedom, the flower was named ………
Answer: Dahlia
There is a legend among the people, according to which this beautiful flower owes its name to the young gardener George. In ancient times, the dahlia was a royal flower and could only grow in the palace garden. And he would have remained a prisoner of the king if it were not for the gardener George ... Despite the severe ban, the gardener gave this flower to his bride, and then planted the same flower near her house. Upon learning of this, the king ordered the gardener to be thrown into prison, where he died. But the royal flower has already broken free and has become a favorite among the people. In honor of the young gardener George, who gave his life for his freedom, the flower was named dahlia.
№ 2
A long time ago, a beautiful mermaid fell in love with a handsome young plowman Vasily. The young man reciprocated her, but the lovers could not agree where they should live - on land or in water. The mermaid did not want to part with Vasily, so she turned him into a wild flower, which in its color resembled the cool blue of water. Since then, according to legend, every summer, when these flowers bloom, mermaids weave wreaths from them and decorate their heads with them.
Answer: cornflower
A long time ago, a beautiful mermaid fell in love with a handsome young plowman Vasily. The young man reciprocated her, but the lovers could not agree where they should live - on land or in water. The mermaid did not want to part with Vasily, so she turned him into a wild flower, which in its color resembled the cool blue of water. Since then, according to legend, every summer, when blue cornflowers bloom, mermaids weave wreaths from them and decorate their heads with them.
№ 3
The girl wanted to move her legs, but the earth held her tightly. So she remained on Earth, turning into a flower, which, missing her homeland, always turns to the Sun.
What is this flower called?
Answer: Sunflower
Once the daughter of the sun was walking on Earth. She listened to the river murmur, the leaves rustle, the nightingales sing and decided to stay. Time has passed. And she began to miss her father, her homeland.
- "Sunny. Sunny! Take me to you."
You've been in a foreign land for too long, so long. that your feet are rooted in the ground like roots. I can no longer help you.
The girl wanted to move her legs, but the earth held her tightly. So she remained on Earth, turning into a flower, which, missing her homeland, always turns to the Sun. That's why this flower is called sunflower
"People's Healer"
Attention, the time spent at this station is limited! 1 minute!!!
Task: Fill in the table (for each correct answer 1 point)
No. Name of the medicinal plant What ailment does it treat?
1
2
3
….
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We are surrounded by the green world of plants. Without them, we could not exist. Even primitive man was interested in the plant world. Knowing the world he benefited greatly from it. People used some plants for cooking, others for building houses, others for making tools, and others for decorating rooms or for treating various diseases. Bread, fruits, vegetables and many other things that a person cannot do without are obtained from plants. Gradually, mankind accumulated knowledge about plant life, which served as the basis for the creation of the science of plant life - botany. The founder of botanical science is considered the ancient Greek naturalist Theophrastus, who lived in the years BC. He was a student and follower of the famous thinker Aristotle. Theophrastus was the first to single out botany as an independent science, separating it from zoology. He was the first to systematize and combine disparate observations about plant life and the results of practice into a single system of botanical knowledge.
General Botany Plant Anatomy (about internal structure) Morphology of plants (about external structure) Plant physiology (about the processes occurring in plants) Plant systematics (about the natural classification of organisms) Plant geography (about the distribution of plants on the globe) Ecology (about the relationship between plants and environment) Breeding (on improving existing varieties and breeding new ones) Geobotany (on the structure and significance of plant communities) Plant genetics (on the heredity and variability of organisms) Scientists were interested not only general issues botany, but also certain aspects of plant life. Therefore, general botany began to be divided into private sciences. At present, a lot is known about plant life, but this does not mean that all issues have already been resolved. Scientists-botanists are busy solving many problems of studying the vegetation cover of the planet. Every day they open the door to the mysterious and fascinating world of plants, learn a lot of interesting things. Many of us had no idea how diverse plants are. Let's take a short excursion into this interesting and mysterious world.
The African baobab (Adansonia digitata, from the Bombax family) is considered one of the "thickest" trees in the world. The diameter of the trunk of the largest of the described baobabs was about 9 m. However, the diameter of a common edible European chestnut (Castanea sativa, chestnut family) growing on Mount Etna in Sicily in 1845 had a trunk of 64 m in girth, which was about 20 .4 m in diameter. The age of this giant was estimated at 3600-4000 years. Giant water cypresses (Taxodium mucronatum) grow in Mexico - gymnosperms from the cypress order, with a trunk diameter of 10.9 to 16.5 m. Baobab One African legend says: When God created the baobab, he planted it in moist soil near the river . However, the tree began to complain about dampness, and God transplanted it to the top of the mountain. Unfortunately, he didn't like it either. Then the Lord got angry, tore the baobab out of the ground and threw it away. The tree fell on the dry soil of the savannah and has been growing there with its roots ever since. There is some truth in every fairy tale. Indeed, in the savannas of Africa grows unusual tree- baobab. When the foliage falls from it in the dry season, the view of the baobab becomes absolutely fantastic, at first glance it seems that it grows upside down.
Everything about the baobab is strange: flowers appear on it when there are no leaves. On long pedicels, balls hang from bare branches - buds that open in the evening or at night. Large white flowers with a strong aroma appear. Large, like wax flowers exude a strange aroma, a bit reminiscent of the smell of musk. For the first time, the baobab blooms in the eighth to tenth year of life. On an old baobab, more than a hundred flowers bloom per night. Their sweet nectar attracts lemurs, galagos and flying bats. Bats flock to the reserve in anticipation of the feast, they pollinate the flowers, lick the nectar, and carry pollen. In the morning the flowers wither. Soon the leaves will turn yellow and fall off, and the fruits will ripen only at the height of the dry season. Oval black baobab fruits 50 cm long and up to 30 cm wide hang on long stalks. They are covered with a thick furry peel, and inside they are filled with pulp with many small grains. The pulp has a pleasant sweetish taste, and the natives make a drink similar to lemonade from it. Salads are prepared from gray baobab leaves, and dried ones are used for seasoning. BAOBAB is a tree of the Bombax family, characteristic of the African savannas. Trunk in circumference up to 25 m (sometimes up to 40 m). Lives up to 5 thousand years. The fruits are edible. Ropes and coarse fabrics are made from bark fibers. Bred in the tropics. Baobab
The Amazonian water lily (Victoria amazonica, synonymous with Victoria regia, from the water lily family) has the largest leaves with a whole blade. Their diameter reaches 2 m, and the maximum "carrying capacity" with a uniform load is 80 kg. They, like huge frying pans, are bent around the edges, have thick veins, in the recesses between which air bubbles linger. The leaf reaches its enormous size not due to an increase in the number of cells, but due to the growth of each cell. In the flowers of many tropical plants during flowering occurs heat. For example, in the middle of the flower of the herbaceous plant arum, the temperature reaches C. This phenomenon is also observed in the flowers of the well-known tropical plant victoria regia. When breathing in the flowers of these plants, a lot of heat is released. It is very warm in the heart of the flower
There are only two species in the Nymphaeaceae family, the genus Victoria (Victoria): Amazonian Victoria (Victoria amazonica, a synonym for Victoria regia) and Victoria Cruz (Victoria cruziana). Both of these species are common in tropical South America. Victoria Amazonian is found along the Amazon River and its tributaries from 3 to 15 degrees south latitude, in Suriname, Brazil, and Bolivia. And Victoria Kruza is common in the Parana River basin in Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay. Victoria has been grown in the collection of the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden since 1864. Moreover, the most interesting thing is that every year new plants grown from seeds are planted in the pool of a greenhouse specially built for this purpose. Sowing begins at the end of January. So the plants you see in the pictures are about five months old. At the height of flowering, gardeners will carry out artificial pollination of flowers and new seeds will ripen by autumn.
This is a bud that has not yet blossomed It happened, as the old sorcerers say, at the dawn of the world in one primitive tribe, in the middle of the year, when the bisexual deity of the moon was in male form. Wonderful dreams of a divine spouse bewitched the fair-skinned, golden-haired beauty Nayu, the daughter of the venerable leader of the tribe. The sages said that the kisses of the androgynous deity turned the bodies of the chosen virgins into light, the scarlet color of the girl's blood paled from his touch. And the deity hid, carrying away happy lovers in voluptuous embraces, and then left his brides, already deprived of their mortal shell, on the marriage bed of high clouds. This is how stars were born. Naia passionately dreamed of getting rid of the rough earthly flesh for the sake of eternal divine existence in heaven. At night she ran after the moonbeam, but all the time she was deceived: as soon as she climbed one peak, her light-footed lover was already leaning over the next one, and each time he seemed to her more captivating than before. Naia withered in anguish and torment. The sorcerers even tried to heal the girl, skillfully prepared unknown love drinks for her, and spoke of illness. But nothing helped. Nothing could cure love sickness. Nia lived only in the hope that the Moon would respond to her prayers, to her passion. All night long the mad girl spent among the hills, now sprawling on the moonlit slopes, now climbing up, sometimes falling off the slope, and laughing and sobbing, and sometimes singing something in her delirium. The Brazilian fairy tale will help to take a different look at these photos.
Once, when madness completely clouded her mind, Naya saw in the serenely calm mirror of a mountain lake the sparkling image of her beloved. Drawn by love and madness, deceived by the reflection of her lover, who is always escaping, she rushed into the lake, stretching out her arms in anguish to finally embrace her desired one. Many days later, in the gloomy forests, the people of her tribe searched fruitlessly for the missing Naya. But in those days the gods were kind and merciful. And therefore, the Moon, which gave birth to rivers, fish and aquatic plants, wished to reward the girl for the terrible sacrifice. No, the bisexual deity did not lift her to heaven, but turned her into a "star of the waters", turning the lily of her soul into a royal flower, a wondrous solemn song of beauty and aroma. The same bud, buds still rising to the surface, a young leaf and a flower that has already faded, going under water and closed forever.... A mysterious plant arose from the snow-white, exhausted body of the unfortunate Indian woman; the boundless purity of a loving soul blossomed into a huge fragrant flower, and the pain that tormented the poor girl became thorns guarding him. The generous creator enlarged, as far as possible, the leaves of the giant water lily, so that she could more fully feel the caresses of the moonlight, the gentle touches of her beloved.
Among flowering plants, the longest flowering is observed in tropical orchids. Yes, some of them beautiful flowers pleasing to the eye for and even 90 days. There are no more amazing and mysterious plants on earth than orchids. Orchids lead the strangest way of life. Most tropical species grow on trees, using them for support and climbing their trunks above the ground in a struggle for light. Others settle on sheer cliffs, penetrating their roots into cracks between stones, where moisture and rotting plant debris accumulate. Some Australian orchids generally lead an underground life, they never germinate above the surface of the earth, even their flowers are pollinated by underground insects. Among all flowering plants, orchids have the smallest and most numerous seeds, which under natural conditions germinate only with the help of mycorrhizal fungi that penetrate the seed at the time of germination.
“Divinely beautiful” - this is how the word “orchids” can be translated into Russian. Although this translation is not accurate from the point of view of linguistics, it is the best fit for these extraordinary beautiful flowers. Even among the bright vegetation of tropical forests, they stand out for their original shape, exotic shades, and a peculiar aroma. For all this, even in ancient times, the natives deified orchids, worshiped them, used them in rituals, considering them mysterious and magical plants.
The orchid family has 35 thousand species, so that they account for almost a seventh of all flowers on earth. They grow almost everywhere - in the jungle and in the mountains, on the branches of trees and on bare rocks, on land and in water. There are even two types of orchids that spend their entire lives in darkness - they grow and bloom under a layer of earth. The most remarkable part of these plants is undoubtedly their beautiful flowers. If non-flowering orchids can still be mistaken for irises or lilies, then as soon as the flowers appear, they can no longer be confused with any other plants. Orchids are strikingly diverse in shape and color. Among the red, orange, yellow, green, purple, brown, white and blue inflorescences, one can find similar to bees and wasps, butterflies and moths, swans and doves, frogs and lizards. The smallest plant will fit in a thimble, and the largest, climbing, reaches 30 meters. A wide range of flower colors - from dazzling white and delicate pink to bright green, dark purple and almost black - is also enriched by various color combinations. There are spotted, striped and intricately colored flowers. In Mexico, for example, grows a bull's head orchid, resembling the head of an animal with dark curled horns. In another orchid - reed serapias - a long bright scarlet tongue protrudes from the flower. The flower of the arachnid ophrys looks like a large dark spider; swaying in the branches, it is able to frighten a person. Orchids of the genus ofris are generally great "entertainers": they have learned to deftly imitate butterflies, bumblebees and even mosquitoes. There are also such species whose flowers can be confused with snow-white doves or sparkling hummingbirds.
Orchid flowers surprise us not only with their colors, but also with their shape. They consist of six petals arranged in two circles. The three petals of the outer circle are almost the same, while the middle ones of the three inner circles are very different from the others. For such irregular shape Goethe called orchids ugly lilies. Of course, one can disagree with such an unflattering epithet, but one cannot argue with the fact that lilies are the closest relatives of orchids. Lilies are strict beauties, their six-petal flower is considered a model of harmony and mathematical correctness. It has many axes of symmetry, while the flowers of their extravagant relatives have only one.
The smallest tree, the arctic willow, is no more than a few centimeters high, and the largest high grass in the world - bamboo, which reaches a height of up to several tens of meters. There are about six hundred types of bamboo. This unique plant grows by 70 cm per day, and sometimes more. For example, Vietnamese bamboo grows 2 meters in 24 hours. Bamboos grow so fast that you can hear it: the growth of bamboo is accompanied by a muffled rustling and crackling. The stems of some types of bamboo grow up to 46 meters with a thickness of cm, and Javanese bamboo reaches a height of up to 51 meters. Hundreds of millions of people on the Pacific coast cannot imagine life without this plant, which serves them as food, clothes and shoes, construction material and medicine, treats and beer. For the first two or three years, the wood of a bamboo stem is quite soft, only then it turns yellow and becomes so hard that swords are made from it, which are not inferior in strength to steel swords. When such bamboo is cut, sparks fly from under the ax. Plants bloom irregularly, every 7, 14, 20, 30 and 39 years. All individuals of the same species bloom in the same year, even if they grow in different parts of the world. This is such an unusual plant. Bamboo One of the relatives of bamboo has the highest growth rate - edible leaf-grass (Phyllostachys edulis), found wild in southern China. The daily growth of the shoots of this plant reaches 40 cm, i.e. 1.7 cm per hour. In just a few months, the leaf grate grows to a height of 30 meters, reaching 50 cm in diameter.
Did you know that... The largest fruits in the world grow on the herbaceous plant of the common pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) - they can weigh more than 92 kg. Most of the protein in the seeds - 61% - contains the legume lupine (Lupinus genus). However, along with protein, lupine seeds contain poisonous alkaloids, which does not allow them to be used in nutrition. Lupine It belongs to the nightshade family, like our regular potatoes and tomatoes. Its flowers and fruits also look very much like our tomatoes. But red (like tomatoes) or purple (like eggplant) fruits of this plant are sweet in taste. Since the fruits of the tree tomato There are tree tomatoes (tamarillo - tamarillo) originating from Brazil. But neither at home, nor in any other country except New Zealand, this plant is not found in culture. This is a small, 2-3 m high, evergreen tree with a flat umbrella crown, living 8-10 years. are very unstable during storage and do not withstand long-term transportation, then all products are used locally, without export. In addition to sugar beet, a lot of sugar is obtained from sugar cane, the pulp of the stems of which contains 18% or more sugar. There is also the sugar maple that grows in North America, the sugar sorghum that grows in China, the sugar palm that grows in Indo-China and the islands of the Malay Archipelago. Sugar plants include watermelon and melon. There is a "candy tree", or "sweet tooth". The fruits of this tree sit on fleshy, thickened stalks that contain a lot of sugar. The fruits are consumed raw after they ripen. The leaves of Stevia Rebo (Stevia rebaudiana) - plants from the Asteraceae family, originally from South America - contain glycosides stevin and rebodin, which are 300 times sweeter than sugar. Tree tomato fruits
The evergreen sequoia (Sequoia sempervirens) is currently considered the tallest tree on Earth. The largest tree reliably measured in the last century grew in the US Sequoia National Park, had a height of 120 m and was called the "Father of the Forests". The tallest living sequoia grows in California. Its height in 1964 was 110 m 33 cm. The tree has its own name "Howard Libby". Close in size to evergreen sequoia and dendron sequoia, or mammoth tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum). The tallest flowering plants on earth are Australian eucalyptus trees (Eucalyptus, myrtle family). The tallest eucalyptus trees that exist today are considered to be two trees belonging to the regal eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus regnans). One of them has a height of 99.4 m, and the other - 98.1 m. The most "heat-resistant" land plant is the camel's thorn (Alhagi camelorum, from the legume family). It tolerates temperatures up to +70 ° C. Shoots of trees of the genera birch (Betula, birch family), poplar (Populus, willow family) and - from gymnosperms - larch (Larix) are distinguished by great cold resistance. They are able to withstand cooling down to -196 o C. Blackcurrant cuttings (Ribes nigrum, from the gooseberry family) are able to endure cooling down to -253 o C without losing their ability to root after thawing. However, this is the potential cold tolerance of plants, established in the laboratory. At the pole of cold in the northern hemisphere, birches and larches tolerate a drop in temperature to -71 o C. Blackcurrant
One of the largest leaf buds (shortened future shoots) is a head of cabbage. The weight of a head of cabbage can reach more than 43 kg. The record holder for the area occupied by the crown is the Indian banyan, or Bengal ficus (Ficus bengalensis, from the mulberry family). This ficus forms a large number of aerial roots on the side branches, which, reaching the ground, take root and turn into false trunks. As a result, the huge crown of the tree rests on root supports. The most famous of the banyan trees grows in the botanical garden of Calcutta. In 1929, when measurements were taken, its crown circumference exceeded 300 m (slightly less than 100 m in diameter), and the number of "trunks" - aerial roots - reached 600. The densest wood, which is 1.5 times heavier than water, has Piratinera (genus Piratinera, from the mulberry family), growing in Guyana. Almost the same dense wood has a guaiac, or bacout, tree (Guajacium officinale, from the parnolistnikovye family). Its density is 1.42 g / cm 3. In terms of strength, the wood of a backwood tree is almost as good as iron. The "longest" tree on Earth is the liana-shaped rattan palm (genus Calamus, palm family). Its total length, according to various sources, reaches from 150 to 300 m. It is interesting that the diameter of the trunk at the base does not exceed a few centimeters in rattan. Rattan stems stretch from tree to tree, holding on to prop plants with the help of strong spikes located on the middle veins of large pinnate leaves. The oldest tree on Earth is also considered to be a gymnosperm plant - spiny pine (Pinus longaeva or P.aristata), growing in the mountains of Eastern Nevada. Radiocarbon analysis showed that the age of this tree is about 4900 years. One of the most salt-tolerant terrestrial plants is saltwort (Salicornia europea, from the haze family). It grows on sea coasts and salt marshes with a salt concentration of groundwater until 6%. And its seeds germinate even in a 10% saline solution.
Sign Species Place of growth Age, dimensions The oldest tree Pine spinose (Pinus aristata) USA, Nevada, in the mountains at an altitude of m years The largest tree Sequoia dendron giant or mammoth tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum) USA, California Height 83 m, circumference 24 m The tallest tree Sequoia evergreen (Sequoia sempervirens) USA, California Height m The thickest tree Common chestnut (Castanea sativa) Sicily Circumference of five fused trunks in 1875 64.2 m, age years The fastest growing plant Eucalyptus (Eucaliptus deglupta) New Guinea 10.6 m in 1 year and 3 months The largest aquatic plant Victoria amazonica (Victoria amazonica) South AmericaLeaf m, flower cm With the largest flowers Arnold's Rafflesia (Rafflesia arnoldii) SumatraFlower 90 cm, flower weight 9 kg With the largest inflorescences Puya Raimondii (Puya raimondii) Bolivia Inflorescences 2.4 m, height inflorescences 10.7 m, up to 8000 flowers flowering plant Wolffia rootless (Wolffia arrhiza) Water bodies of the temperate zone and the tropics mm
"considered"
Head of MO:
________________
Pekhova N.A.
"____" September 2016
" "agreed"
________________
Nurmukhambetova E.V.
"____" September 2016
"Approved"
Lyceum directors:
Lyceum Director:
________________
Zhedouova N. K.
"____" September 2016
Mini-course program
"Journey to the world of plants"
Job title: biology teacher
Place of work: State Lyceum of Aksu
Explanatory note
The program provides for the study of the world of plants by students of the fifth and sixth grades, broadening their horizons in the field of biology, developing plant care skills, developing a caring attitude towards the environment, increasing motivation for a healthy lifestyle, consolidating speech skills, improving the ability to make observations, work with information sources, to make messages, to formalize the results of their activities.
The program was developed in accordance with the requirements of correctional and developmental work. The study of the material is carried out systematically, sequentially, from simple to complex. This course focuses on practical value plants, their impact on human health, the role of plants in nature and relationships with other organisms.
An integral part of the program is the study indoor plants, rules for caring for them, their influence on a person. The program provides for the formation of general educational intellectual skills and abilities: to analyze, compare, generalize, draw conclusions.
Propaedeutics of biological knowledge in the 5th grade contributes to the assimilation of knowledge by students in the 6th grade.
Target: acquaintance of students with the world of plants, its diversity, the importance of plants in nature and human life,
using plants to improve health and create a favorable psychological climate.
Tasks:
1. Prepare students for the study of biology.
2. Broaden your horizons in the field of biological knowledge.
3. Increase the motivation to study biology.
4. To form general educational intellectual skills and abilities.
5. To consolidate the skills of correct, beautiful speech; the ability to speak clearly, clearly, distinctly.
Forms of classes:
* journey
* competition
* presentation
* quiz
* excursion
* live newspaper
Forms of work:
* Independent work
* Surveillance
* Experiment
* Individual work
* Group work
Methods:
Free choice (free conversation; choice of mode of action; choice of mode of interaction).
Active Methods(students as teachers; discussion, discussion, role-playing game; student as researcher).
Methods aimed at self-knowledge and development (intelligence, emotions, communication, imagination, self-esteem and mutual assistance).
Receptions:
Demonstration of natural objects, tables, diagrams, illustrations, etc.
Estimated result:
mastering by students of knowledge about the life of plants, the skills of caring for plants, growing plants;
careful attitude to plants;
the ability to observe and draw up the result of their work;
establish cause-and-effect relationships, generalize and draw conclusions.
Criteria for monitoring:
Acquisition of knowledge about plant life;
Formation of plant care skills;
Skill Mastery:
to observe plants;
present the results of your work;
Establish cause-and-effect relationships, generalize, draw conclusions.
Calendar-thematic planning of the mini-course "Journey to the world of plants".
| Topic of the lesson | Form classes |
|
| Introductory lesson at the rate | Questionnaire |
|
| Inhabitants of the Plant Kingdom | ||
| Lower Plants | journey |
|
| « World of Plants» | ||
| flowering plants | Virtual tour |
|
| Flowers and inflorescences | Competition |
|
| Propagation of indoor plants | workshop |
|
| What have we learned about plants? | Pre-protection of projects |
|
| Protection of scientific projects | Project Protection |
Literature:
- I know the world. Plants: encyclopedia / ed. - comp. L.A. Bagrova.- M.; AST Keeper, 2008.
- Indoor plants in your home. - M.; OLMA-PRESS Grand, 2005.
- The secret language of flowers. - S.-Pb.; Publishing house "Trigon", 2004.
- Plants. Complete encyclopedia. M.; Eksmo, 2007.
- Atlas of indoor plants. Limarenko A. Yu., Paleeva T. V. - St. Petersburg; Owl. M., Eksmo, 2003.
- Botany for the teacher. Yakovlev G.P., Averyanov L.V. - M.; Enlightenment, 1996.
- Encyclopedia of wildlife. - M.; AST-PRESS, 1999.
- Secrets of wildlife. - M.; Rosman, 1996.
ORAL JOURNAL IN BIOLOGY
"JOURNEY TO THE WORLD OF PLANTS"
FOR STUDENTS OF 6-7 CLASS
Head Antipova S.A.
Tasks: Education of the communicative culture of schoolchildren, the formation of creative cognitive independence, the identification and maintenance of giftedness in children.
Objectives: To instill in students an interest in the subject, to instill in children a sense of responsibility for all life on Earth
Equipment: Presentation "Plant World"
PROGRESS OF THE EVENT
“Just as the stars scattered in the highest celestial spheres adorn the sky, so graceful flowers, shining with a variety of colors, crown the whole under heaven”
C. Linnaeus
Flowers open before a person the opportunity to know the beautiful, to feel the fullness of life. Proximity to flowers, contemplation of their unique beauty softens the soul and reveals the best facets of human character. The feeling of homeland is felt in every leaf, every dewdrop, every flower.
The melody “Spring” sounds from the cycle “Seasons” by P.I. Tchaikovsky.
PAGE ONE - "VESNA SPRINGS"
Driven by spring rays
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped by muddy streams
To flooded meadows.
Nature's clear smile
Through a dream meets the morning of the year
A.S. Pushkin
A.S. Pushkin called spring the morning of the year. It is sung as a time of prosperity, youth, beauty. In the spring, not only nature wakes up, something in us wakes up in the spring. I want to wander through green meadows, forests, swamps. Let's go and we to the quiet April
I suggest going to the forest. True, it is still too early, in nature not everything has awakened yet. We read from N.V. Gogol in " Dead souls”: “Spring, long delayed by cold weather, suddenly began in all its glory, and life began to play everywhere. Scillas have already turned blue, and a dandelion has turned yellow over the fresh emerald of the first greenery, a lilac-pink anemone tilted its tender head.
The first flowers appear in deciduous forests. They are called "ephemeroids". It's perennial herbaceous plants, which are characterized by autumn-winter-spring vegetation. they bloom in early spring, in summer, their above-ground parts die off, only underground modified shoots remain - bulbs, tubers, rhizomes.
In the people, such flowers are called snowdrops. This is goose onion, lungwort, corydalis, oak anemone, but the most beautiful spring Flower- blue line. It was to him that P. I. Tchaikovsky dedicated one of his plays.
The play “Snowdrop” from the cycle “The Seasons” by P.I. Tchaikovsky
There are especially many blue forests in oak forests. As if blue puddles, and even lakes overflow. Someone said that in the oak forest there are two skies - one above your head, the other under your feet. Scilla is not afraid of spring frosts, because the cells of this plant contain an increased concentration of sugar.
There is still snow in the ditch, and I'm already turning blue,
The snow has melted, spring is coming, and I am with her.
The green leaf still in the forest of birches does not revive,
And spring reveals all the beauty of flowers in me.
The days are not long given to me, but I drink happiness greedily.
And it is pleasant and gratifying for me to be the chosen one of spring.
Not quite an ordinary flower blooms next to the blueberry, which can be mistaken for a multi-colored bunch, This is a lungwort. At first, when the flowers first appear, they are all pink, but a few days pass, and on the stalk, in addition to pink, blue, and blue, and purple flowers. It turns out that lungwort flowers change their color. It's all about the anthocyanin pigments. In young flowers, the cell sap in the petals is acidic, and in such an environment, anthocyanins color them bright pink. After a few days, the cell sap becomes alkaline, anthocyanins give the petals a purple, and later a blue color. This plant is a wonderful honey plant, not without reason it is called lungwort.
It will take a few days to bloom yellow flowers- primrose. All its flowers are pubescent and look in different directions. In Russia, this flower is often called a "ram": its leaves are wavy at the edges, slightly wrinkled and covered with a light fluff - "wool", hence the "ram". They also call it a key: the flowers collected in an umbrella inflorescence are a bit like a bunch of keys. Legend says that these are the keys that open the way to spring, good weather, herbs and flowers.
Since ancient times people have been using healing properties primrose. He also enjoyed good fame in Rus'. Now the primrose is officially recognized as a valuable medicinal plant. It is collected in large quantities so it's becoming less and less common. Primrose is one of the plants in need of protection.
Nature carefully swaddled,
Wrapped up in a wide sheet
A flower grows in the wilderness untouched,
Cool, fragile and fragrant.
S. Marshak
Of course he is handsome. Of course, its flowers have a pleasant smell. Of course, it decorates the forest in spring. And yet, why is the lily of the valley so famous and why are there so many legends about it?
Many nations have legends about this flower.
Ukrainian says that the lily of the valley grew in the place where the tears of the girl who was waiting for her betrothed from a long trip fell. In Rus', the flower is associated with the name of Sadko and Lyubava - it allegedly owes its appearance to the tears of the princess, watered when a daring merchant fell out of love with her. Among the ancient Scandinavians, the lily of the valley was the flower of the goddess of the rising sun; bonfires were lit in honor of him and holidays were held. Gardeners have been interested in lily of the valley since ancient times: it is known that back in the 1st century BC, Egyptian gardeners bred a flower along with roses and levkoy.
So, the lily of the valley was worshiped, legends were made about it, gardeners were engaged in it, but healers were also interested in it. IN different countries various drugs were prepared from this plant. Officially as medicinal plant lily of the valley was recognized in 1681. About the tincture from it, in an old medical book, it was said that it was "more expensive than gold and is suitable for all ailments." Various preparations are still made from lily of the valley. The most famous medicine is Zelenin drops, a drug for people suffering from heart disease.
PAGE TWO - "FAVORITE FLOWERS"
Late spring - early summer flowering plants in the forest, in the meadow, in the field a lot, We will tell you about the most beloved ones.
My favorite flower is pansies. These flowers are symbolic. In France, pansies are a symbol of fidelity. In Poland, they are affectionately called "brothers" and the girls give these flowers to the grooms. And in England, until recently, a flower served as a declaration of love: it was enough to send it and write your name, and no more words were required. In some countries, pansies are a symbol of wisdom.
And the Germans call these flowers stepmother. The flower has 5 petals. The largest lower one is the stepmother, the two side ones are smaller, no less beautiful, her own daughters, and the two upper ones, the smallest, almost unpainted, are poorly dressed stepdaughters. The scientific name of the plant is tricolor violet. 350-400 years ago, man began to breed garden pansies, which are brighter and larger than forest pansies. But I prefer forest flowers.
Native daisies familiar from childhood
We vomit on a lawn by a quiet river.
Like white stars among pink porridge
They unfurled their petals.
Our glade is dressed all in white.
The breeze shakes the flowers in the meadow.
Daisies! Daisies! I am a hot summer
I can't imagine without you!
Chamomile can tell not only about girlish secrets. Chamomile is a good honey plant, it is used in perfumery. It is known that hair washed in chamomile decoction acquires a beautiful golden hue, and those who often wash their faces with its strong decoction, the skin on the face becomes velvety and tender. ethnoscience recommends gargling with chamomile decoction for sore throats and drinking warm flower tea, brewing a pinch of chamomile and lime blossom. All sickness is gone. Or maybe you will be lucky, and you, carefully listening to the quiet trembling of her white eyelashes, will discover some other secret for yourself.
The bells seem to regular flowers. And how many songs and poems about them are composed! And probably not in vain: the flowers are not just beautiful, they are unusually tender and touching.
My bells.
Steppe flowers!
What are you looking at me
Dark blue?
And what are you talking about
On the day of cheerful May,
Among uncut grass
Shaking your head?
The horse carries me with an arrow
On the open field.
my bells,
Steppe flowers!
Don't curse me
Dark blue!
I would be glad not to trample you,
Glad to pass by
But the bridle can not hold
Running invincible!
I'm flying, I'm flying with an arrow,
I only kick up the dust;
The horse carries me dashing,
And where to? Don't know!
A. Tolstoy
Bluebells are also my favorite flowers. When it is cold at night and dew falls, the flowers bend down and cover slightly. Thus, they save the delicate pollen from raindrops and night dew. In a flower, fleeing from the night cold and bad weather, they climb small insects. Here they are warm and dry and comfortable. The sun will come out, the bell will raise its head, and insects will fly out of it.
Cornflower was brought to Europe along with rye in the time of Pliny the Elder. There it has long been considered one of the best for weaving wreaths. In Sweden, a wreath of cornflowers is even included in the image of the state emblem. I. A. Krylov was very fond of cornflowers. Such a story has come down to our days. When in 1823 Krylov had a severe hypertensive crisis, the mother of Emperor Alexander 1, Maria Feodorovna, sent him a bouquet of cornflowers and invited the fabulist to her place in Pavlovsk, saying: "Under my supervision, he will recover faster." And indeed, having recovered, Ivan Andreevich wrote the fable "Cornflowers", where under the guise of a flower he portrayed himself, and under the guise of the sun - the empress.
Many artists dedicated their works to cornflowers, for example, Igor Grabar. These flowers are also popular in embroidery, where they are usually depicted together with ears of rye.
Blue cornflower is a good honey plant.
I want to tell you about another favorite fireweed flower. Everyone loves this plant. Bees love because he generously endows them with nectar, one bee family collects up to 12 kg of honey from fireweed, the nectar in the flower lies openly, on the surface, and a bright drop is clearly visible. People also love fireweed. This plant is an explorer, it settles in forest fires and quickly heals the burns of the earth. In the old days, the fireweed stalk was used to make ropes and fabrics, however, the fabric turns out to be rough, because fireweed is not linen! In lean years, the fireweed root was dried, crushed, baked cakes, How many people the plant saved from hunger! And the tea from it turned out so tasty that the fireweed got its second name - Ivan-tea.
PAGE THREE - "FLOWERS THAT SURPRISED US"
There are many mysterious and unusual things in the life of flowers. On this page you will learn about the flowers that surprised us.
The first time I saw it was last year while fishing. At dawn we came to the lake to fish. Wasting no time, we unwound the fishing rods, threw the fishing lines into the water and immediately realized: the bite is good. Suddenly I noticed that not far from my float something stirred and began to rise up. A minute later, a large bud appeared on the surface of the water, and after a few moments it opened and the whiteness of the petals sparkled. A little further on, more and more buds popped up. I felt like I was witnessing magic. Do you know what flower this is?
The scientific name of the white water lily is nymphea (mermaid nymph). This flower is truly poetic and legendary. I will tell you the legend of the North American Indians about the origin of the white water lily.
Dying, the great Indian leader shot an arrow into the sky. Venus and the North Star really wanted to get her. They rushed after the arrow, but collided, and sparks fell to the ground. From these heavenly sparks, white water lilies were born.
Among the Slavic peoples, the white lily was considered not only beautiful, but also a mighty flower, protecting from evil spirits and curing all diseases. Going on a long journey, people sewed leaves and flowers of a white water lily into small bags - amulets. They firmly believed that it would bring good luck and save them from misfortune.
In fact, a beautiful flower cannot even stand up for itself. And he is not us, but we must protect him so that white water lilies do not disappear completely and that in the morning we can sometimes see a small miracle.
Do you know which plant has the smallest flower? At the duckweed! In order to see the plant, you need to go to the cancer or to the pond. In the second half of summer, they usually say - "the water has blossomed." This phenomenon is caused by duckweed - one of the amazing and mysterious plants. For a long time it was believed that duckweed is an algae, but then flowers were found in it. Duckweed is the smallest flowering plant. There are still many unknowns in her life. For example, due to what the plant covers the entire surface of the reservoir in a few days?
By the yellow-blue grass
Leech roots.
Pretty herself,
And the habit is bad:
Steals food for dinner from a neighbor.
This riddle is about the Ivan da Marya plant. The flowers of the multi-colored grass are yellow-purple. But upon closer inspection, you can see that its petals are really yellow, and the purple bract sets off the modest flower and makes it noticeable to pollinating insects. The rest of the leaves are, as expected, green. In general, an ordinary plant. Ordinary, but not really. The spine of Ivan - yes - Marya (otherwise oak maryannik) is white, small and fragile. But he, like a tick, dug into the powerful root of the plant - the neighbor penetrated deep inside it and sucks out the water with minerals extracted by the neighbor from the ground.
Do you think mariannik is one such "cunning"? Some of his relatives do the same - rattle, eyebright, mytnik.
Do you know which plants are the rarest in our country? I will tell you about one of them. Venus slipper is a plant from the family of archids. Since ancient times, orchids have attracted the attention of people with their unusual variety and fabulous beauty. Most of them grow in the tropics. There were times when special expeditions of hunters for these amazing flowers went to tropical countries. Northern orchids are more modest than their tropical relatives, but they are beautiful and touching in their own way. Of our orchids, the most undoubtedly beautiful is the real lady's slipper. It is about him that the legends associated with the goddess of beauty Venus are composed. Translated from Latin, the name of the genus means "Cypri's slipper". The bizarre shape is given to the flower by a strongly swollen pale yellow lip, which is a trap for pollinating insects. An insect gets out of it, touching the stamens, and pollen sticks to it. This is how cross-pollination occurs. This plant has a complex developmental biology; it blooms only at the 14-18th year of life. This flower is becoming very rare, It is listed in the Red Book, and in 1980 a special symposium was held in our country on the protection of orchids. And so, we imperceptibly approached the most important thing - the need to protect our true friends.
PAGE FOUR - SAVE THE PLANTS!
It is now clear to everyone that nature must be protected. But the concept of "nature" is quite general. We cannot protect it all, but we can carefully treat all living things that surround us. Flowers give people beauty, teach kindness, heal us, serve as a refuge for small insects. And the fate of plants often depends on our behavior in nature.
Plants respond to the "trampling factor". How many trampled forests and groves we have now, with paths and paths laid along and across! In such forests, herbaceous plants and mushrooms are rarely found, trees are gradually dying out.
And how often one has to see: people carry bouquets from the forest - some are small, well-chosen bouquets, some are large armfuls. Flowers wither quickly and are thrown away. Some people think that picking flowers is a harmless activity. Meanwhile, there are fewer and fewer plants both in terms of species composition and quantity. Plucked plants will not be able to give seeds - because they are still in bloom.
Each person himself must firmly follow the rule - to return home without plucked flowers. Let them grow in a forest clearing or edge. Maybe, instead of a bouquet, you will bring home a film, take photographs that will always remind you of a meeting with the beautiful.
Each type of animal or plant is a unique creation of nature. Mankind should strive to preserve the entire species diversity of the planet, so that not only we, but also the people of the future can see these wonders.
Are you passing by a flower?
bend over,
Look at the miracle
Which you could not see anywhere before.
He can do things that no one else on earth can do.
From the same black earth
It's either red, or blue, or purple.
V. Soloukhin.
PAGE FIVE - "FLOWER QUIZ"
Why are flowers blooming at night white?
Name the first spring flowers.
The name of which flower is associated with ringing?
What golden flower gives white fluff?
In meadows, meadows sisters: a golden eye, white cilia.
This flower is called the queen of flowers.
The name of which flower is the same as the name of the confectionery?
Which flowers only smell at night and why?
What flowers smell like honey?
LITERATURE
Extracurricular work in biology R.M. Evdokimova Saratov Lyceum Publishing House 2005
Thematic games and holidays in biology L. V. Sorokina Creative center "Sphere" Moscow 2003
Cheerful biology at lessons and holidays I.D. Ageeva Creative Center "Sphere" Moscow 2005
Zoya Reasonable
Abstract of the lesson on familiarization with the outside world "Journey to the world of plants"
Lesson: "Journey into the world of plants"
Target: To generalize and consolidate the knowledge of children about the flora of the Bryansk region.
Educational tasks: give a concept of the relationship between animate and inanimate nature, clarify and expand children's ideas about plants, consolidate the concept of the relationship flora and a person.
Development tasks: develop children's interactive speech, develop interest in learning native land the ability to draw conclusions.
Educational tasks: to cultivate a sense of pride, responsibility for the native nature, love and respect for it.
Equipment:
Map « Live nature; subject pictures depicting trees, shrubs, flowers; poster "Parts of a plant".
caregiver : Children, today we will go to visit the goddess Flora. This goddess is the patroness of all plants on earth.
Children, tell me, are plants living or inanimate nature?
Children: Plants are living things.
Educator: Why do you think plants are living things?
Children: Plants are born, grow, reproduce and die.
Educator: Guys, let's go. We find the beginning of the path, go along the road, which is marked with the "Flora" icon.
Stop one - TREES
Questions for children:
1. What trees do you know?
2. Why are trees called deciduous? name deciduous trees that grow in our region.
3. Why are trees called conifers? What coniferous trees of our region do you know?
4. What do all trees have in common? Name the parts of plants.
5. Tell us about the benefits of trees?
Stop two - SHRUBS
Questions for children:
1. What shrubs do you know? Name them.
2. What is the difference between a shrub and a tree?
3. Do you know coniferous shrubs? Name them.
4. What shrubs grow in the area in which we live?
4. Tell us about the benefits of shrubs?
The teacher summarizes the answers of the children.
Stop Three - FLOWER PLANTS
Questions for children:
1. What flowers grow in the field?
2. What flowers grow in the meadow?
3. What flowers grow in water?
4. What flowers grow in the flower bed?
5. What kind of world do trees, shrubs and flowers form?
The teacher summarizes the answers of the children.
Educator: Guys, and trees, and bushes, and flowers can be called in one word - plants.
Educator: What parts do all plants have?
Children: Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit with seeds.
(Children under the guidance of a teacher look at illustrations)
Educator: Children, what parts of the plant are located underground?
Children: Plant roots underground
Educator: What parts of the plant are above ground?
Children: Above the ground, plants have a stem (trunk, leaves, flower, fruits.
Educator: Do you think the sun and rain are living or inanimate nature?
Children: This is inanimate nature.
Educator: Guess which plant it is?
Does it have leaves? What could it be?
(children's answers)
It has leaves and roots. What is it about?
(children's answers)
It has leaves, a root, a large trunk covered with bark.
What is this? (children's answers)
Educator: Which of these three characteristics characterizes trees?
(children's answers)
Physical education minute
The wind blows in our faces
The tree swayed. (body tilts to the sides)
The wind is quieter, quieter, quieter.
The tree is getting higher and higher. (stand on your toes, raise your hands up and stretch)
Educator: What are the essential features that characterize shrubs, herbaceous plants.
(children's answers)
What can you say about flowers? (children's answers)
Educator: Man, observing nature, noticed the relationship between animate and inanimate nature and reflected this in signs:
1. The sky will give rain, and the earth - rye.
2. A lot of snow - a lot of bread, a lot of water - a lot of grass.
4. If it rains in May, then there will be rye
5. There will be rain - there will be fungi.
Educator: guys, tell me, what is flora? What is Fauna? Are fauna and flora related?
(children's answers)
Educator: Birds, animals, fish, and insects cannot live without plants. And plants cannot live without insects, birds and animals. Insects are essential for pollination of plants, birds and animals help spread plant seeds around the globe. Plant and animal life is necessary for man. Plants and animals are our nature. The benefits and beauty that nature gives are priceless.
Educator: What are the benefits of plants for humans?
(children's answers)
Educator: Children, is it possible to break tree branches. Pick flowers in the forest?
(children's answers)
Educator: Children, what will happen if each of us picks only one flower in the meadow? And the earth is inhabited by a huge number of people.
(children's answers)
Educator: If we still picked a flower, then what should we do? (we must plant not one flower, but many more)
The teacher summarizes the answers of the children.
If I pick a flower
If you pick a flower
If everything: me and you,
If we pick flowers
They will be empty
Both trees and bushes.
And there will be no beauty
And there will be no kindness
If it's just me and you
If we pick flowers.
(T. Sobakin)
Educator: Our journey is over. But every day we make a real journey through nature. Nature gives us its fruits.
You and I need not only to use the wealth of nature ourselves, but to protect, protect them and leave these riches for others.
Tree, grass and bird
They can't always defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet. V. Berestov
A person should carefully and reasonably treat the plant and animal world. By showing mercy and care for our little brothers, we ourselves become better.
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