Summary of the lesson "plants of the native land." Phenomena in plant life

Organization: SBEI LPR "Preschool educational institution "Ivushka"

Location: Luhanska People's Republic, Rovenki

Abstract an integrated lesson for children of the middle group.

medicinal plants native land. Kalina.

Program content of the lesson: deepen children's knowledge about viburnum and its healing properties.

To acquaint preschoolers with the traditions of the people. Enrich children's vocabulary with new words and expressions. Develop observation and a desire to explore the world. Cultivate respect for your health, love for your native nature. Develop creativity and accuracy while doing work - gluing material (viburnum branches) onto landscape sheets of paper.

Material and equipment for the lesson: a bunny toy, a sprig of viburnum with berries, illustrations depicting a viburnum bush, viburnum jam, tea utensils, napkins, gouache, album sheets of paper.

Lesson progress:

Educator: Children, today I invited a bunny to visit us, but for some reason it is not there. Apparently, something happened to him ... Maybe he got sick? You need to go to visit him, what if he needs help?

And where does the little hare live, what do you think?

(Suggested answers of children).

Educator: Let's sing a song about it dear.

Oh, you little bunny!

Where do you live? Where is your house?

And my house is over the hill,

Near the tree and oak.

(Children go in search of a hare and find him. He is ill and is in bed.)

Educator: So we got to visit the bunny. And here is our jumping bunny. Children, what should we do when we come to visit?

Children: Say hello!

Educator: Right. Let's say hello to the bunny. Hello Bunny! What a good day today! We were waiting for you to visit! Why didn't you come? What happened to you?

Bunny: Good afternoon friends! I feel very bad. Yesterday I saw snow while walking. He was so white and fluffy, like cotton candy. And the icicles are so beautiful and transparent, like candy canes. I really wanted to try them. I tasted snow and icicles. And this morning I realized that I was sick. My head hurts a lot, my throat hurts, I cough and sneeze.

(The bunny sneezes, covers his nose with his paw.)

Educator: (to children) Children, look, the bunny closes its nose with its paw.

(to the bunny) Bunny, do you have a handkerchief?

Bunny: No.

Educator: This is very bad, because when you sneeze and cough, you need to use a handkerchief. This is an item that is needed for personal hygiene. It should always be in your pocket. And it can also be extended as a help to your neighbor. Our children have handkerchiefs, and each has his own. Got it, bunny?

Bunny: But what should I do?

Educator: And we will give you a handkerchief. Here you are (gives a handkerchief to a bunny). Now you have your own handkerchief.

(The bunny takes a handkerchief, thanks, and continues to sneeze and cough.)

Educator: Yes, bunny, you really caught a cold. You need to be treated.

Educator: Guys, where do we start treatment? How do mothers treat you when you are sick, what do they do?

Children's answers: They give medicines;

Call the doctor;

measure the temperature;

Drink hot tea;

They put mustard plasters;

Make compresses.

Educator: Fine! First, we will put a thermometer and measure the temperature, and while the bunny is lying, we will brew medicinal tea and set the table. Children, let's remember how to set the table?

(Children set the table with a tablecloth, put a tea set)

Educator: And now, let's remember what are the names of the items that we will put on the table to give the hare tea?

(Children serve the table, specifying the names of objects and tea utensils.)

Teaspoon;

Napkins;

Tablecloth.

Educator: So, the table is ready. Come on, bunny, let's see if you have a high temperature? The temperature is normal. You can do without a doctor.

It's time to tell you kids, and you bunny, something interesting. When I was little and often got sick, my mother treated me with unusual medicines that nature gives us. There are a lot of them. But today I will tell you about one of them - viburnum berries. So I took her to the bunny today, because I guessed that he was sick.

Here's a look at what the viburnum looks like. Its beautiful bushes can be found everywhere: along rivers, lakes, on the edges, in ravines. Let's remember where we could already see a similar viburnum bush?

Children: In the garden. In the courtyard of the kindergarten.

Educator: Right. A viburnum bush grows in the yard of our kindergarten. Kalina well cleans the air from dust.

And I know a riddle about her. Here listen:

Who does not know these berries?

Helps with colds.

They hang on the bushes

And, like poppies, they burn.

Only it's not a raspberry.

What is a berry?

Children: Kalina!

Educator: Guys, let's take a closer look at the viburnum bush. Look how bright, lush, beautiful he is. Viburnum blooms in spring. It is crowned with white inflorescences. And when the first snow begins to fall, red berries appear on the viburnum bush. Who do you think can eat these berries?

Children: Birds feed on berries in winter.

Educator: Right.

The viburnum bush is very beautiful.

What bush viburnum? (fluffy, beautiful)

What color are the leaves? (green)

What are viburnum leaves (wide)

See how the berries gathered in a bunch. What do they look like? (for small beads, for bunches of mountain ash)

People really appreciate and love viburnum not only because it is beautiful, but also because it has healing properties and has a special taste. Try viburnum berries. What do they taste like?

What did you find in the middle of the berry?

What does a grain look like?

Let's collect viburnum seeds on a saucer and dry them. Why do you think they can be useful to us?

(Suggested answers of children: make an applique, decorate a picture frame, etc.)

Educator: And from them you can make beads for your mothers.

In ancient times, every housewife prepared medicines from viburnum for a long winter:

They dried its color, berries, leaves;

Rubbed with honey and sugar.

Viburnum tea is the first helper for colds. Fresh berries are used for coughing. Kalina is a medicinal plant because it contains many vitamins.

Now you know that viburnum can cure anyone of a cold. And let's treat the hare with viburnum tea. Let's make a medicinal tea. Take viburnum berries and put them in this teapot. And I'll take another teapot with hot water, and pour water where you put the berries. I'll cover it with a napkin - let it insist.

In the meantime, our viburnum tea is infused, let's make a present for the hare - draw a sprig of viburnum for him.

(Children draw viburnum berries on landscape sheets using a non-standard drawing technique).

Educator: See what magnificent and beautiful bunches of viburnum you have drawn. People say: “As young as I was, I was white, and as I grew older, I blushed.”

(The teacher invites the children to learn this proverb).

Educator: These viburnum clusters, which the children tried so hard to draw, we will give you, hare. Be healthy always! (They give their drawings, the bunny thanks each child by name.)

Educator: And here our medicinal viburnum tea is ready. Everyone sit down at the table.

(Children sit at the table)

Educator: Guys, do you want to know how many delicious sweets can be prepared from viburnum berries? Juice, jelly are boiled from viburnum, marmalade, jam are prepared, pies with viburnum berries are baked. (Takes jam). Try viburnum jam. It is very tasty and healthy. What kind of jam does it taste like?

(Children are treated to tea and viburnum jam).

Bunny: Thank you, my friends, for your help! I'm already much better. My head doesn't hurt, my throat doesn't hurt either. I feel so good that I want to play with you.

Educator: Bunny, we will gladly play with you. Our children are very fond of the game "Grey Hare Washes".

Game progress.

Children become in a circle, one child has a bunny. He is a "bunny" and stands in the middle of the circle. Children who stand in a circle, together with the teacher, say:

Gray bunny washes

Apparently going to visit

I washed my nose, I washed my tail,

I washed my ear, wiped it dry!

"Bunny" imitates movements in accordance with the text (washes and wipes nose, ears, tail). Then he jumps on both legs - he goes to visit one of the children, and he becomes a "bunny", takes a toy and the game is repeated.

Educator: Well done guys, they played well with the bunny. Let's have fun with it, shall we?

Educator: Well, jumping bunny, I see that you are already much better. And remember that you can’t eat snow and icicles, otherwise you can get sick. Put on a warm coat. And if you suddenly get sick, now you know how to be treated.

Do you guys remember how to treat a cold?

Children: Yes! Viburnum tea, jam.

Educator: How quickly time has flown by. We really liked you, hare, but the guys need to go back to kindergarten. And you lie down in a warm bed and rest. And when you are healthy, come to visit us, we will be waiting for you. Goodbye!

(Children say goodbye to the bunny and leave).

Synopsis of a collective lesson on visual activity

for children of the middle group. Modeling.

Subject: Clusters of viburnum.

Program content of the lesson: To consolidate the ability of children to convey the shape of objects of a round shape and different sizes. To teach to betray impressions of the environment in modeling (viburnum berries ripened). Develop imagination. Cultivate the right attitude towards results.

Materials and equipment for the lesson: Branches with clusters of viburnum for viewing, plasticine, modeling boards.

Lesson progress:

Educator: Guys, let's remember who we helped to be treated yesterday?

Children: Bunny!

Educator: And how did we do it? How can we help him heal? Medicines?

Children: No! We treated him with viburnum tea!

Educator: And who remembers where viburnum grows?

Children: It can be found everywhere: along rivers, lakes, on the edges, in ravines. And she grows in the yard of our kindergarten.

Educator: Look, today I brought you a sprig of viburnum. Let's take a look at it. What kind of berries does she have in her bunches?

Children: Small, red, rounded.

Educator: What do they look like?

Children: For small beads.

Educator: And what kind of berries do they look like?

Children: On rowan berries.

Educator:

Beauty of the forest near the ravine:

Bush thick, wide leaf

And clusters of berries-beads, as if

Red rain hung in a bunch.

I will bring young viburnum from the forest

And at home by the window I will plant with love,

Let viburnum redden with beads in winter,

And the blizzard in winter gets angry and turns gray.

Educator: Let's now arrange a competition for the best work. Today we will sculpt clusters of viburnum. Let's split into two teams. And whose team will win - we will send that work in a parcel to our friend Zaychik.

Consider again carefully the clusters of viburnum. What are they?

(children's answers)

What techniques will you use to get the job done?

(children's answers)

Get to work. We will work energetically, without distractions.

(Children get to work)

Educator: And now let's place your works on the stand and consider how the first team and the second team coped with the task.

(The discussion is lively and emotional. It is important to find figurative, vivid words for characterization, to emphasize expressiveness. For example: lush clusters of viburnum, juicy berries, etc.)

Educator: Well done boys. Both teams got the job done. I don't even know whose work is better. Let's send in a parcel to our friend Bunny bunches of viburnum, which both teams carefully sculpted.

Bibliography:

1. E.S. Wilchkovsky. Outdoor games in kindergarten. - K .: Glad. school, 1989. - 176 p. - In Ukrainian lang.;
2. Vakulenko Yu.A. Raising love for nature in preschoolers: ecological holidays, quizzes, activities and games / Yu.A. Vakulenko. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008. - 157 p.;
3. Fomicheva M.F. Parenting in children correct pronunciation: a guide for the educator det. garden. - 3rd ed., revised. And extra. - M .: Education, 1980. - 240 p., I.l.;
4. Speech development of preschool children: A manual for a kindergarten teacher / V.I. Loginova, A.I. Maksakov, M.I. Popova and others; Ed. F. Sokhin. - 3rd ed., Rev. And extra. - M .: Education, 198 - 223 p., ill.
5. Solomennikova O.A. Classes on the formation of elementary ecological ideas in middle group kindergarten. - M .: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2009-2010.
6. Komarova T.S. Classes in visual activity in kindergarten: Book. For kindergarten teacher. – 3rd ed., revised and supplementary. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991. - 176 p.: ill. – ISBN 5-09-001634-8.

The world Test "Plants of the Native Land" Grade 3 1. Which plant has fruits equipped with hooks and trailers? A). burdock b). goose onion c). sleep grass d). mother - and - stepmother 2. This shrub is often found in our spruce forests. It is often transplanted from the forest to city parks and squares for its beauty: the leaves are oval, arranged oppositely on dark gray branches, bright green above, and pale green below. When it blooms, it seems that the whole bush is strewn with stars. A). blueberries b. blueberries c. honeysuckle d). barberry 3. Guess the riddle about the most common tree in our region: The Green Beauty is famous in the area. Sundress like a bell, On the ground and dragged. A cap - with an edge, With a sharp crown. A). pine b). larch c. birch d. spruce 4. amazing plant spruce forest. It could be called a flower - a seven-flower. A). blueberries b. miner c). weekday d). sour 5. It's tender herbaceous plant spruce forest does not tolerate harsh light, blows, loud screams. Blooms in May - June. And when it fades, in place of the flowers, fruits are formed - boxes, and in them are very small, almost like dust particles, seeds.

A). sour b). weekday c). miner d). blueberry 6. A plant with dark green leaves is shaped like a hoof. A). anemone b).hoof c). lungwort d). goose onion 7. Guess the riddle about the plant listed in the Red Book. We smell the freshness of the forest Brings in late spring A fragrant, delicate flower From a snow-white brush. A). bathing suit b. primrose c). lily of the valley d). oxalis 8. This plant is never green, most often grayish-white, grayish-greenish, and sometimes yellow. Grows very slowly. This plant has no stems, leaves, roots. A). cat paws b. heather c). thyme d. lichen 9. This plant is also called backache. Its flowers are very beautiful. Each plant has only one - a large bright lilac bell with bright yellow stamens. The flower appears before the leaves. A). cat paws b. thyme c). sleep grass d). lichen 10. This plant looks the most ordinary, but if you touch it, it’s such a miracle: one side of the leaves is warm and covered with soft fluff, and the other is smooth and therefore cold. A). cat paws b. goose onion c). sleep grass

G). mother - and - stepmother 11. Where there is a lot of this plant, from a distance it seems that curly, in large curls, skin lies on the ground. Hence the other name - rams. A). primrose b). goose onion c). sleep grass d). mother - and - stepmother 12. Guess the riddle about the most common plant of the region: Slender beauty is famous in all countries: White clothes, Gold - earrings, With a braided scythe Washed with dew. The wind stirs the strands - It does not order to braid them. A). maple b). birch c. willow d). aspen 13. Evergreen shrub. A). blueberries b. cranberries c). honeysuckle d). blueberry 14. This plant is beautiful, but poisonous. A). goose onion b). bathing suit c. lily of the valley d). lungwort Keys to the test: 1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 c, 5 - a, 6 - b, 7 - c, 8 - d, 9 - c, 10 - d, 11 - a, 12 – b, 13 – b, 14 – b.

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Slides captions:

MADOU Kindergarten of a general developmental type with priority implementation of activities in the artistic and aesthetic direction of development of pupils No. 12 "Happy Island" PLANTS OF THE NATIVE LAND

Calamus marsh Calamus grows along the banks of rivers and reservoirs on muddy, sandy soil. At the root is essential oil reminiscent of a spicy smell. The leaves contain vitamin C. The roots are used in the production of liqueurs, bitter vodkas, fruit essences, syrups (as a substitute for ginger, cinnamon, nutmeg). Used in perfumery and soap making. Fragrant jam is cooked from the bases of leaf blades. A decoction of calamus is used to stimulate appetite in both humans and animals.

Lingonberries I'm not a fir and I'm not a spruce, But in my native forest land I turn green all year round, I don't recognize the cold. (cowberry)

Birch Birches are very tall. Trunks are white with black dots. Trees drop in spring upper layer birch bark. On the white birch bark, dark lines and stripes are clearly distinguished through which the birch breathes: in the heat they open and allow air to pass to the roots of the trees. Loves very much sunlight, space, not afraid of frost. Lives very long 150-180 years. Animals and birds drink birch sap with pleasure (bear, ants, butterflies, finches, robins, tits, woodpeckers). Hare loves to feast on birch bark and young twigs. Bast shoes, baskets, baskets for berries and mushrooms were woven from birch bark, birch bark horns were made, on which shepherds played. In ancient times, people wrote letters on birch bark.

Crow's eye A breeze blew, blades of grass swayed, and as if a black attentive bird's eye looked at you from the grass. This is a berry. Only you can’t take it in your mouth, it’s very dangerous - SHE IS POISONOUS.

Cornflowers Cornflowers look at the sky with blue eyes. Spikelets are golden. Rye goes in waves. The Ukrainian legend tells: a beautiful mermaid fell in love with the blue-eyed peasant boy Vasily, began to call him to the river with her. But no matter how much Vasilyok loved her, he could not, did not want to leave his field, land. “Oh, so,” the mermaid got angry, “well, be you forever in your field!”. And turned it into blue flower. But from time to time it rises above the blue wave, peers into the field. To see the blue eyes of the cornflower.

Oak Touching the clouds with his gray head, Oak stands mighty with an age-old thought. A storm like a black bird will suddenly whistle in the crown. The oak stands calm, like a king in a crown. Looks into the skies of everyone in the district above! He knows a lot of songs, hears a lot of fairy tales.

Oregano Medicinal plant.

Spruce What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She doesn’t sew anything herself, But in needles all year round? (spruce) Spruce wood goes to the best varieties paper, rayon, wool, leather, alcohols, glycerin, plastics. White, slightly shiny spruce wood is indispensable in the manufacture of musical instruments.

Strawberries On the ground in the grass blushes It becomes sweeter, sings Delicious, but small Berry that ... (Strawberry) The berry is pleasant, Very fragrant. You take a look under the bush, It turns red there - ... (strawberries)

Willow Still in the forest foggy, deaf, But over the river, under the cliff Dressed in golden fluff And let loose the willow curls. It was as if a cloud had descended From heaven onto small buds, Turned green, turned into living warm lumps. The willow has a smooth silvery trunk, narrow oblong leaves. Flowers (willows) are covered with fluffy hairs Willow loves moist soil and grows along the banks of rivers, lakes, and streams, on the slopes of ravines. Willow is valued for early willow honey, for flowers, from which medicines are prepared for the treatment of wounds and abscesses. A person uses willow branches for weaving baskets, boxes, furniture.

Nettle Leaves and stems are covered with many stinging hairs, they contain stinging cells containing a caustic liquid. Its shoots and leaves are edible, they are rich vitamins A, C, K. Nettle stops bleeding.

Maple Autumn swirled red blizzards, Golden leaves flew from the maples. The motley round dance closed the leaves, The first thin ice shone in the puddles.

Bell ding dong, ding dong! A gentle chime is pouring, So the meadow bell rings in the wilderness of the forest.

Lipa Lipa is a remedy for colds. Everyone knows about it everywhere. Although the linden color is plain, But healthier than tea No, With sore throats and colds They drink healing linden tea.

Lily of the Valley According to an ancient legend, Princess Volkhova fell in love with the young man Sadko, while Sadko gave his heart to the girl of fields and forests, Lyubava. Saddened Volkhova went ashore and began to cry. And where the tears of the princess fell, lilies of the valley grew - a symbol of purity, love and pain of a tender girl's heart. Fairy tales say that the lily of the valley is sprouted beads from Snow White's crumbling necklace and the happy silver laughter of the mermaid Mavka, which rolled like pearls through the forest when she first felt the joy of love.

Raspberries From a cold to everyone marvelously Grew up in the garden ... (raspberries)

Mother-and-stepmother Blooms before all herbs. A low stem, covered with a soft fluff that protects the flower from the cold, brown sharp leaves similar to scales are tightly pressed to the stem. Flowers are collected in a large inflorescence, because each flower individually is too small and fragile to withstand bad weather. Grows on sunny clay ravines, in the garden. Waking up after a long winter, bees and bumblebees fly to the flowers of the coltsfoot for honey. Leaves applied to the chest attract heat. It is useful to drink infusion (tea) to cleanse the lungs.

Dandelion The sun has dropped a golden ray The first young dandelion has grown It is green. golden color big sun small portrait.

Plantain The healer grew up by the road - he heals the sick legs. (plantain) Perennial herbaceous plant. They called it that because it settles on different roads, is not afraid of the heat. Plantain leaf is used in the form of lotions for wound healing.

Rowan Trunk with light gray smooth bark. The leaves are openwork, round, with jagged edges. Blooms in May. The fruits are bright red, with juicy pulp. Photophilous. Thrushes, tits, starlings, waxwings, crows, hedgehogs, moose, bears feed on rowan berries. From mountain ash prepare jam, juice. Rowan blossoms - it's time to sow flax. Rowan blossoms in a row - there will be a lot of oats. Late flowering of mountain ash - by a long autumn. If mountain ash is born, rye will be good.

Chamomile Sisters are standing in the field, yellow peephole, White eyelashes. (Chamomile) Perennial plant. Propagated by seeds and division of the rhizome. In nature, it grows on sunny forest edges, clearings, clearings, meadows and fields. Man grows in flowerbeds. Bees, butterflies, bumblebees see chamomile from afar and fly to her for honey.

Pine What kind of girl is this: Not a seamstress, not a craftswoman, She does not sew anything herself, But in needles all year round. (Pine)

Poplar Poplar is a tall, slender tree with greenish-gray smooth trunks and a dense green crown. At the end of May, catkin inflorescences appear on the trees. Then they ripen and burst, and a poplar blizzard sweeps the streets. Poplar is unpretentious and grows very quickly. Paper is made from poplar wood, and poplar buds are used to make creams, perfumes, and colognes.

Horsetail Prefers sandy, fairly rich, moderately moist soils. The plant has a hemostatic effect. Horsetail powder is sprinkled on wounds and ulcers in pets. The shoots are edible. Colors wool yellow and green.

Bird cherry Blossom green bird cherry, bloom! Like a princess in a fabulous outfit, Scattering strands of inflorescences in the wind, Rustling with fragrant crayons! And let no one bring in an ax, You will not be cut down and maimed, And your wedding dress will not be crushed - The wedding dress of Spring-princess. The trunk is covered with dark rough bark, oblong leaves. Blooms in May and stands like a bride in white lace. The smell of bird cherry is strong and intoxicating, pulls flies and mosquitoes away from the tree, and kills many harmful microbes. Jams and jelly are made from berries.

Dogrose I look so much like a rose, Is it not so good, But then my fruits are suitable for everyone to eat. Shrub with sharp thorns. It blooms with white or pink flowers. It grows in the forest, and can also be grown by humans. The fruits are red, very vitamins. Rosehip oil is used to treat wounds and burns.

Municipal educational institution "Basic comprehensive school

Oktyabrsky settlement

"Medicinal plants of the native land"
Research work.

Vova Rozhentsev - 4th grade student
Bokhan Zinaida Aleksandrovna - primary school teacher

2010 - 2011

Study plan .

1. Introduction.

2. Information about medicinal plants.

2.1.History of the use of medicinal plants.

2.2 Proper collection of plants.

2.3. Herbarium.

3. Medicinal plants of our region.

4. Making a collection:

Collection of plants;

Decor.

5. Conclusion.

Purpose of the study:

To get acquainted with the variety of medicinal plants of the native land.

Research objectives:

Find out the features of the external structure, the beneficial properties of medicinal plants;

Learn to recognize plants in herbarium samples, photographs;

Make a conclusion on the work done.

Introduction.

I live in the countryside. Around our village Beautiful places. I like being in a pine forest. It is so clean, it seems that someone is doing the cleaning there. There are many mushrooms and berries in this forest. And there is white moss-lichen in the forest, it grows right on the ground, which makes it seem that someone has spilled milk. My grandmother jokes: "These are forest men." There is also a moss swamp near our village. It grows a completely different moss, not the same as in a pine forest, it is always wet.

Our village stands on the banks of the Ob River and beyond the river meadows are visible, cattle graze on them, and grass is cut there for hay. Every summer I go to the mowing with my relatives. There I noticed that in flood meadows near large rivers, only grasses grow: clover, mouse peas, timothy, horsetail, sedge. Very rarely you will find bushes in the meadow, and there are no trees at all. Mom picked some herbs. They smelled good. She explained that these herbs are healing, help from various diseases. They should be properly dried and preserved. So I first heard that there are medicinal plants. It's time, I went to school. Often with the whole class we go on excursions to the forest, on hikes, on walks. Once, at the “World around us” lesson, the teacher said that we were going on an excursion, we should take a notebook and a pen, we would write down and draw plants. And you don't have to go far for that. Plants grow right on the porch of our school. They were right under our feet. We walk on them, cars pass by, and they grow as if nothing had happened.

How many are here, around us, different plants! Many of them are very helpful. They are called medicinal: for example, plantain, dandelion, knotweed. The teacher offered to look through the "School Atlas-determinant higher plants". It contains colorful drawings by which you can determine the type of plant and their description. I wanted to know as much as possible about them. My grandmother, a great lover of nature, knows many plants that are medicinal. She uses many of them in the treatment of various diseases. I myself drank various herbal infusions prepared by her more than once when I was ill with colds. That's how I decided to investigate the problem associated with medicinal plants of our region in my work. It is difficult to meet a person who would not have seen and did not know medicinal plants, for example, plantain, dandelion, but they know little about what diseases they help. the result of my research work will become a collected collection medicinal herbs our region.

I started my work with the theoretical part, reading the popular science and fiction about medicinal plants. First I got acquainted with the history of their use in ancient times.

History of the use of medicinal plants.

"Medicine is the art of imitating the healing effects of nature"

Hippocrates.

Medicinal plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. For thousands of years, herbs have served man. On their own experience, primitive people comprehended their healing knowledge from generation to generation. Since ancient times, healing has been a sacrament, so healers chose their students very meticulously. The collection, manufacture of medicines and treatment were accompanied by magical techniques and spells. Already an outstanding ancient Greek physician and thinker Hippocrates described 236 plants that were used in medicine of that time. Among them are henbane, elderberry, mint, almonds and others.

Hippocrates believed that the juices of medicinal plants optimally combine biologically active, organic and mineral substances that miraculously affect the human body. Therefore, he recommended the use of plants in the form in which nature created them. In Russia, herbal treatment is known and popular. Since ancient times, even kings and princes were interested in the cultivation and use of medicinal plants. At the beginning of the 17th century, under Alexei Mikhailovich, the Pharmaceutical Order was created, which supplied the court and the army with herbs.

Peter I ordered the creation of pharmaceutical schools and vegetable gardens - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia.

Much has changed since then, but interest in healing herbs has not faded away - on the contrary, now it is especially great. In our time, people are increasingly resorting to the help of phototherapy - evidence-based treatment with medicinal plants, and folk remedies. Juices, decoctions, infusions taken orally, external lotions and rinses help the sick body cope with many ailments, get rid of suffering. Medicines from the forest pharmacy will speed up wound healing, stop bleeding, heal a sick heart, restore lost appetite, improve digestion, heal stomach ulcers, and increase the tone of life. Sometimes they help in cases where even medicine is powerless.

Collection of medicinal plants.

After getting acquainted with the history of the use of medicinal plants, I decided to get acquainted with the correct collection of plants, as they are an important raw material for many medicines. In order for the drug to have the best effect on the body, it is very important to collect the plants at certain times, dry them properly and store them.

It is necessary to collect grass, leaves, flowers only in dry weather, it is better in the morning, as soon as the dew subsides. If you collect raw plants affected by fungi, eaten by insects, they will deteriorate. In tall plants, only flowering tops are cut off, no longer than 20-40 cm, or flowering branches are broken off. Collect only blooming flowers, wilted should not be taken.

So , roots dug in the fall after the leaves fall or in early spring, cleaned with cold water.

Aboveground part plants containing volatile aromatic substances are harvested in early summer, when the leaves have fully blossomed and the buds have started.

Green leaves and grass can be harvested all summer, but better in spring.

flowers tear fully blossomed and only in clear weather.

Fruits and seeds- only mature.

The collected plants are dried in a well-ventilated room, and especially succulent ones - in a slightly heated oven or a special dryer at a temperature of 40 - 50 degrees. It is better to store dried plants in glassware.

In the course of my work, I learned that the plants, collected according to a certain plan, carefully dried and provided with labels, are called herbarium.

Herbarium.

"The flower is withered, earless,

Forgotten in the book I see;

And now a strange dream

My soul is filled with

Where did it bloom? When? What spring?

And how long did it bloom? And torn off by someone ... "

A. S. Pushkin.

Herbarium is collected to study the external appearance of the plant; to compare samples found in different areas; find out what grew in any locality in the past; change in flora.

Since ancient times, travelers have sought to bring plants unknown in their homeland from distant countries. But was it easy to deliver the plant when it took months, and sometimes years of a hard journey to get home? Even then, they began to dry the found samples of flora in order to preserve them for a long time. Collections of dried plants began to be called "herbarium". The word "herbarium" appeared in the Middle Ages in Europe and then meant books about plants, their useful properties(in Russia they were called herbalists).

The oldest herbarium was collected at the beginning of the 16th century and is still kept in Rome. At the same time, a collection of dried medicinal plants was created, which were pasted on paper and bound into large format volumes. In Russia, the first scientific herbarium appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I.

Medicinal plants of our region.

The next step in my research was getting to know the plants of our region. The flora of our region is rich and diverse! You will leave the outskirts of the village, plunge into the green thicket of the forest, breathe in the aroma of meadows and fields, and the feeling of love for your land becomes even stronger. You will feel the beauty of Siberian nature even more strongly. More than 40 species of medicinal plants grow in the vastness of our region. According to their therapeutic use, they are divided into a number of groups. For example, motherwort has an effect on the heart vascular system, wild rosemary- as an expectorant; burnet, sphagnum moss- hemostatic agents; chamomile, cumin, plantain, St. John's wort- with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; wild rose, mountain ash, currant, lingonberry, cranberry- Valuable vitamins.

Collection making.

After I read the necessary literature, I moved on to the practical part. Before starting the production of the collection, we began to collect the plants we needed. The work was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. It took a lot of time, as the plants began to grow, bloom, bear fruit at different times. We collected them in the vicinity of the village: in the forest, on the banks of the Ob River, near human habitation, in glades.

During the collection, I always photographed the plant I needed, made sketches and notes.

Arriving home, he transferred the sketches to the album sheet.

Lily of the valley Rosemary. Rose hip.

Then he proceeded to prepare the materials for storage. Plants were dug up with roots, carefully removing the earth from them, and placed between sheets of paper, while carefully spreading the leaves, flowers, stems. Sheets with samples were alternated with blank ones. Large plants were cut into pieces and dried separately. Branches with flowers were cut from trees and shrubs.

While the copies were drying, he put things in order in his notes. Together with the teacher, he indicated the correct name of the plants, described the appearance; for example, what was the color of the petals of the corolla of a flower, since after drying the color changes. They indicated when, by whom, where the plant was cut, how it is used in scientific and folk medicine.

But now the plants have dried up, and I started to design my collection. I chose a white A4 sheet as a background for all copies. I placed the dried plants on the sheets and glued them.

On the next sheet, I wrote down all the data about this plant, relying on the scientific literature and my own observations, pasted a photograph. On the 3rd sheet, a drawing made with colored pencils. I put all the sheets in perforated inserts and put them in one folder.

Conclusion.

Many wild medicinal plants have not yet been studied, and therefore their beneficial properties and qualities for humans have not been known. Scientific research, which are carried out by scientists, will allow in the future to introduce new plants into the culture, which today can only be found as wild plants. The forest pantry of health is open to all. However, it is necessary to handle its diverse gifts with care. Indeed, among the plants that are harmless and attractive in appearance, there are many poisonous ones, although they are healing when used correctly. They need to be well known to avoid poisoning. The most dangerous in this respect henbane, wolf's bast, milestone poisonous. Procurement of medicinal raw materials is still produced in small sizes.

But man, invading deeper and deeper into natural processes, sometimes causes irreversible changes. As a result of human activity, the habitats of medicinal plants and they themselves are being destroyed. Therefore, the protection of nature should now become a national task. I would like to believe that people will come to their senses and will live in harmony with nature, without harming it. And then there will be no Red Books!

Conclusion.

But now the work is done. The most important result of all the work done is the collection made by me under the guidance of senior mentors. During the study, I learned to observe; ask questions about the topic of work; identify the problem. I got great pleasure from my work. It is valuable that knowledge and skills were obtained as a result of one's own labor. I shared my experience in organizing research work with my comrades. The collection is in our classroom and anyone can get acquainted with it.

I enclose some types of specimens from my collection.
Wormwood.

Description appearance.

M perennial herbaceous plant with a thick branched stem. Stem erect, up to 120 cm high, thick, branched. The leaves are alternate, the flowers are small, yellow, tubular, collected in almost spherical baskets, forming a paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem. The fruits are small brown oblong achenes. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near housing. It is called differently - not sick, bylnik. As a weed, it is distributed almost throughout the country. The grass has a peculiar smell and a bitter taste. Collect it until the end of summer, and the roots in the fall.

AND

P tarn enhances the activity of the digestive organs, stimulates and improves appetite, so it has long been prescribed for sluggish digestion and decreased appetite. In medicine, it is used as a sedative. The drugs are prescribed for insomnia and neuralgia, as well as bronchial asthma and diabetes, hypertension. Wormwood roots are used for epilepsy, convulsions, convulsions, disorders of the nervous system. For kidney stones and Bladder wormwood is used in a mixture with bearberry leaves, horsetail grass and seeds of carrots and dill. Externally used in the form of infusions for inflammation of the mucous membrane, for the treatment of wounds and ulcers.

Our observations.

P Stag blossoms in June-August, bears fruit in September-October. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near housing. In early spring a plant growth appears, and flowering begins from mid-July, and at the same time the wormwood was plucked and dried for a herbarium.

Bitter grass And fragrant itself,

And the stomach is corrected, And it sweeps quickly.

Chickweed.

Description of appearance.

H our delicate flowers Suddenly, among insects

The petals are unfolding. There was a commotion:

The breeze breathes a little, Pushed back the family of asterisks

The petals sway. Giant thistle.

In the damp forest lower reaches, among the shady thickets and in the bushy meadow, these herbs are sure to be found. White five-petal corollas on thin, low stems, green small leaves resemble stars. Hence the name - starfish. In the people it is called wood lice. There are more than 50 types of them.

R asthenia is used for bleeding, hemorrhoids, vitamin deficiency, heart disease and hernias. Steamed grass is applied to sore joints, to pain points with radiculitis, rheumatism. The juice of the plant is washed with inflamed eyes. A decoction of the herb is used for aching bones and coughing. Woodlice are used for diseases of the liver and lungs, with endemic goiter and hemorrhoids. External baths from a strong decoction of the herb of wood lice are taken with swelling of the legs; general baths, lotions, compresses are done for various skin diseases, acne, rashes, wounds and ulcers. The whole fresh plant without roots is used for food, salads are prepared.

R asthenia is added to borscht, vinaigrettes. Woodlouse is considered both a medicinal plant and a honey plant. There are also simply annoying weeds, shamelessly squandering in the fields and in the garden.

Starworm is distributed throughout the country.

Cowberry.

Description of appearance.

Gathered berries Two berries in the mouth.

And we kept count of the many berries in the forest!

Berry - in a mug, I'll take them to my mother ...

In the autumn, crimson tassels burn on a moss carpet in the forest. This is lingonberry. Sometimes it's red all around. Cowberry is a small shrub, from 7 to 25 cm high. The leaves are leathery, curved at the edges, shiny, the size of a fingernail. At the top of the branches are located in early June, pale pink flowers, collected in small clusters. The berries ripen in the second half of summer, on an August day, with insufficient heat even in September. The area of ​​growth is quite large.

P lingonberry preparations act astringent, disinfectant and choleretic. The leaves and berries of lingonberries contain a lot of useful substances and are used in folk medicine for gastritis, diabetes, gout, rheumatism. An infusion of the leaves is drunk for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder. Cowberry berries are a valuable dietary product and remedy. Assign inside with sugar or honey, as well as dried or soaked. Dried berries are part of vitamin teas. Soaked, crushed and boiled lingonberries are served with various dishes with stew, food. Fruit drinks, jelly are good from lingonberries, they are also added when sauerkraut is sauerkraut.

Our observations.

Cowberry bears fruit abundantly in coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. The observation of the plant was carried out outside the village. IN medical purposes lingonberry leaves are used, which are harvested in the spring after the snow has melted and before flowering. The shrub blooms at the end of June, and by mid-July, collective flowering begins. At this time, the plant was plucked and dried for a herbarium. But then the flowering passed, and the fruits appeared, at first green, sour. By the end of August, the fruits ripen and become red - burgundy, juicy.

Valerian.

ABOUT appearance writing.

"Cat grass" - sick amendment:

Spine in the first aid kit to help the heart.

The most widely represented and of great importance is valerian pharmacy. This perennial has a vertical short rhizome, from which numerous thin roots depart. The root has a bitter taste that causes a burning sensation in the mouth. The stem is straight, full, furrowed. The flowers are white or white-pink, small, collected at the top of the stem in a lush panicle. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is bitter-sweet.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

Valerian rhizomes contain essential oil, esters of acetic, formic and butyric acids, sugar. Valerian preparations are used as a sedative for nervous excitement, insomnia, they relieve spasms of smooth muscle organs, dilate blood vessels in case of neurosis, angina pectoris, palpitations, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Valerian preparations increase blood clotting. Prolonged use of high doses causes headaches, anxiety and disrupts the function of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of valerian should be under the supervision of a physician.

V for medicinal purposes, various preparations of valerian are used: water infusion, alcohol tincture, in the form of tablets, coated with a hard shell. The plant was plucked on July 5, 2010.

Our observations.

The roots of plants are dug up in the fall, when the aerial part turns brown and pre-wilt on outdoors. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is sweet-bitter, spicy. Valerian blooms from mid-June to mid-August. The plant is found on wet and waterlogged soils: in damp meadows, in river valleys.

Kalina.

ABOUT appearance writing.

As if snowball white, and when the time has come,

In the spring she bloomed, she became at once

A gentle smell exuded, All of the berries are red.

Kalina is one of the most beloved berries from Siberians. About 80 species of viburnum are found in our country. It is a shrub up to 4 meters tall with grayish-brown bark. The flowers are white, located at the ends of the branches. From time immemorial, viburnum has regularly served a person - it gave food and medicine, and was used in everyday life. Fruit juice with honey is drunk with high blood pressure blood, it is also used as a prophylactic, prevents the appearance of a malignant tumor. Kalina helps with colds of the upper respiratory tract, including coughing, hoarseness and bronchial asthma.

WITH Fresh fruits weaken and help with headaches. An infusion of berries is drunk with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, with pain in the heart, metabolic disorders, with eczema and skin ulcers. Viburnum berries have been studied by pharmacologists who have found that they reduce the heartbeat and are considered a vitamin, tonic and diuretic. In medicine, preparations from the bark of viburnum are used as a good hemostatic agent. An infusion of flowers is drunk for hoarseness and cough, inflammation of the respiratory tract, as well as for cholelithiasis and kidney stones. A decoction of young shoots is used for scrofula in children. An infusion of flowers and fruits is an excellent cosmetic product.

H your observations.

Observation of viburnum was carried out both at the school site and at a private personal plot. Kalina bloomed much later than usual, as it was late spring. The flowering of the shrub was plentiful. The primrose appeared in mid-June, and the berries appeared in mid-July. By mid-August, the fruits have acquired an orange color. During the flowering period, leaves and flowers were taken to the herbarium and dried according to all the rules.
Currant.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Was green, small,

Then I became scarlet.

I turned black in the sun.

And now I'm ripe.

On a hot summer day, blackcurrants smell fragrant on the bank of the stream. Numerous brushes of black fruits, juicy, fragrant, hang down. The smell is far away. Fishermen, hunters, tourists are drawn to currants. Who will pick berries, who will throw in a wonderful drink - forest tea - a fragrant currant leaf. There are 36 species in our country, but the most valuable is black currant.

h black currant shrub up to 1.5 meters tall, with brownish branches and very fragrant leaves.

Application in scientific and traditional medicine.

Rich chemical composition fruits determines their beneficial effect on the human body in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In medicine, fresh currant fruits or their juice are taken for beriberi, and also as a tonic after chronic diseases. The people are used in the treatment of hypertension, severe headache, kidney - and urolithiasis, tuberculosis of the lymph glands, anemia and other ailments. Currant berries are widely used for fresh food, they are used to prepare juice, compote, fruit drink, jam, jam, marinades.

H your observations.

The observation of the plant was carried out on a private plot of household plots. This bush is cultivated by man. The first leaves on the currant appeared in mid-May. Flowering was plentiful, reached in the last days of June. Fruit picking was carried out in early August, in the period of their full maturity. It grows along the banks of rivers and streams, in wet meadows and on the banks of lakes and oxbow lakes, among willow and viburnum bushes. For the herbarium, the plant was taken on June 25, 2010, in dry, clear, sunny weather.

Horsetail.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Chamomile grows in the meadow

Buttercup is caustic, clover is porridge!

What else? carnation, resin,

Bluebell, horsetail - like a Christmas tree.

A magnificent sight is the green cover of horsetails in the forest. Their thin, graceful, often drooping or upward directed branches, covered with dew drops, sparkling in the sun with a multi-colored rainbow, are unusually picturesque. Folk names field pine, pusher. The horsetail has 2 shoots, up to 20 cm high. The rhizomes of the horsetail are horizontal. This plant looks like a ponytail. The old Russian names "horse", "horse", "horse", "horse" also mean "tail".

AND

The grass contains many useful substances and vitamins. It has a hemostatic effect, removes salts, has an astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing effect, is part of a diuretic tea. In case of kidney diseases, the infusion is used together with a liquid extract of a shepherd's purse, in addition, a horsetail drug is prescribed as a strong diuretic for edema and congestion, especially for patients with heart disease, for lung diseases, pleurisy, gout, rheumatism, kidney - and cholelithiasis. Outwardly, with a decoction of horsetail, wounds and ulcers are washed, and the oral cavity is rinsed in case of inflammatory processes. In dental practice, an infusion of the plant's herb is used, which is used to rinse the mouth with periodontal disease.

H your observations.

The plant was observed in a forest clearing near the village. The first shoots appeared in early June. Horsetail grows on sandy slopes, cliffs, shallows. In dry weather from July to September, only summer green branched stems are harvested. There is no smell. The taste is slightly sour. Horsetail is distributed throughout the country in the plains and mountains. The plant was cut on June 30, 2010 at 12 noon, in sunny warm weather.

Marsh marigold.

Description of appearance.

Flowers disappear on the ground, Revelation of meadow flowers.

This is more noticeable every year. We hardly understood.

Less joy and beauty, we carelessly trampled them

Leaves us every summer. And madly, ruthlessly tore

Marsh marigold is a common perennial plant with a creeping stem and a fibrous stem. The stem is smooth, hollow, slightly branched. The leaves are dark green, heart-shaped. The flowers are bright yellow.

AND use in folk and scientific medicine.

For cooking medicines the whole plant harvested during the flowering period is used. The marigold, like all buttercups, is poisonous. Taking it orally causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and when used externally, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes. However, marigold preparations are used in scientific and folk medicine. Decoctions and infusions are taken orally in case of metabolic disorders, fever, colds, anemia, antitumor. The juice of fresh leaves is used as a wound healing, the leaves are applied to burnt places. Sometimes the infusion is taken as an analgesic and cold remedy. It is impossible to use marigold on its own.

H your observation.

Observation of marigold was carried out in a small swampy area, near the village. The flowering of the plant began in early June, which is much later than usual. This is due to the fact that it was a long spring. Abundant flowering began in the third decade of June and lasted until early July. The plant was plucked on June 23 at 12 noon. Kaluga is found in wet and swampy forests and meadows, shallow waters and banks of reservoirs.

Tansy.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Many herbs grow useful

On the land of the native country.

Can cope with illness

Mint, tansy, St. John's wort.

The people call tansy wild rowan. This is a perennial plant. The leaves of tansy resemble mountain ash, the stem is lignified with yellow-golden flower baskets. The fruit is an oblong achene. Tansy has a peculiar smell, reminiscent of camphor. The taste is bitter-spicy.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

For medical purposes, tansy flower baskets are used. Tansy preparations have an antiseptic, antispasmodic choleretic effect. Their beneficial effect on the body in acute intestinal diseases, liver disease, gallbladder, in the treatment of lambiosis, hepatitis, and also improves appetite, digestion. Infusions and decoctions of inflorescences have an antihelminthic effect. Dry extract is used for hypertension. In folk medicine, tansy is used for jaundice, as an antipyretic, and for peptic ulcer. In folk phototherapy, tansy is used for cardiovascular and nervous diseases (for headaches, as a sedative and hypnotic, for hysteria, for noise in the head, for epilepsy, dropsy, palpitations.

H your observations.

The plant was observed at the school site. The first leaves appeared in mid-May. Tansy leaves grow quite quickly. In early July, the plant began to pick up buds, which bloomed in the second decade of July and bloomed until mid-August, forming a fruit in the form of an oblong achene. The plant was cut on June 22 at 12 noon. The weather was cloudy, the air temperature was +17 degrees. Tansy grows along forest edges, clearings, meadows, near dwellings. It is found everywhere in Russia.
Plantain.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Plantain is a tested orderly,

Healer of the feet, wounded on the way, -

Got to the road, got ready

Maybe he thinks who needs me.

This plant has a surprisingly accurate name: along the road there are wide ovoid leaves spread on the ground. They are collected in a rosette, from the center of which a leafless stem grows with a spike-shaped inflorescence of small brownish flowers. Fruits - greenish nuts 1-2 mm in size - secrete a sticky substance that allows them to stick to the clothes and shoes of people passing by or to the fur of animals.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

The healing effect of plantain leaves has been known for thousands of years. The gruel from the leaves is applied to scuffs on the legs, to wounds, abscesses, burns, swelling after stings of bees and wasps. Infusion and decoction of the leaves are recommended as an expectorant, but are successfully used in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with low acidity. A decoction of the leaves will rinse the mouth with inflammation. The juice of fresh leaves also enhances the secret activity of the stomach, and the extract has a calming effect. Appreciated him and healers Ancient Greece and Rome. Plantain is also appreciated in cosmetics. It improves the processes of skin regeneration, improves its tone, relieves inflammation. Plantain is of great importance in diet food. It is also part of various fees.

H your observations.

The plant was observed along the roads of the village. The first leaves appeared in the last days of May. At the end of June, flower arrows appeared. It blooms throughout the summer. Fruited in August. The plant was plucked from the herbarium on June 23, 2010. The day was cloudy, the air temperature was 15 degrees. Plantain grows in the village and along the roads, and near housing. There are more than two hundred species of plantain. About thirty species grow in our country.

Buttercup.

ABOUT appearance writing.

poisonous plant with bright yellow flowers, popularly nicknamed " night blindness". The people have long noticed this quality of the flower and called it "buttercup". In the first half of summer, now and then catch the eye of oily - yellow flowers on thin straight stems. Buttercup is a perennial herbaceous plant with fibrous roots and a branched stem up to 70 cm high.

AND use in folk and scientific medicine.

In folk medicine, dry and fresh grass is used, which contains: carotene, ascorbic acid, anemonol. All buttercups are poisonous. Buttercup decoction is used for myositis, neuralgic and headaches, edema, gout and rheumatism, as a tonic nervous system and increasing blood pressure. Outwardly - for the treatment of wounds, burns, skin diseases. Fresh leaves reduce warts. Buttercup preparations, and especially inside, cannot be used without consulting a doctor. Especially poisonous during flowering. In the old days, buttercup juice was rubbed against aching legs, and the decoction was used instead of mustard plasters.

H your observations.

In the first half of summer, oily yellow flowers on thin straight stems catch the eye every now and then. They are found everywhere: along roads, in gardens, on forest paths. These are buttercups. They bloomed in early summer, June 10th. The plant was plucked from the herbarium on June 20 at 12 noon. It was a clear sunny day, 22 degrees Celsius. The plant grew in the schoolyard. The plant is distributed almost throughout Russia.

References.

N.S. Evseeva, L. N. Okisheva. Geography of the Tomsk region. Nature, natural resources. Tomsk - 2005. No. 3.

Rudsky V.G. Ecology. The world around us. 1.3 class. Tomsk - 1998.

V.S. Novikov, I.A. Gubanov. "School Atlas - a guide to higher plants." Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991. No. 3.

L.I. Barinov. Forest pharmacy. In the world of medicinal herbs. Kharkov - 1991.

G. Sviridov. Forest garden. Tomsk - 1987.

V.V. Petrov. Vegetable world our Motherland. Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991.

A.A. Camp. Green pharmacy. Medicinal plants of Siberia. Tomsk - 1991.

Research topic: Medicinal plants of the native land Object area: Medicine Object of study: Medicinal plants growing in the Kaliningrad region. Subject of study: The value of medicinal plants for a healthy lifestyle. Problem In our industrial age, with the strongest pollution environment It's just impossible to stay perfectly healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole "bouquet" of diseases. Often, medicine is powerless, so medicinal plants can come to the rescue. Knowledge in this area was not enough, and we decided to replenish it by exploring the medicinal plants of our region.

Relevance and novelty This topic Now it is very relevant, since the disease is easier to prevent than later, tormented by trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us. Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” foresaw everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Hypothesis If you study different types medicinal plants, learn how to harvest and use them correctly, you can prevent and cure many diseases and look great without the use of chemical pills.

Purpose of work: Collecting the necessary information about the benefits of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases. Tasks: 1) Development of the ability to work with additional literature. 2) Acquaintance with the history of medicinal plants, with their correct preparation. 3) Determining the role of medicinal plants in our area in a healthy lifestyle. 4) Raising interest in a healthy lifestyle. Research methods The study and use of encyclopedias, scientific publications, dictionaries, the method of comparison, comparison. Practical significance: every student can open a job and find the right medicinal plant for various diseases and how to treat them at home.

In Rus', leaves, bark, flowers of plants have been used for the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, pharmaceutical huts were opened in Rus', and medicinal plants were brought from different countries worth its weight in gold, he ordered that medicinal plants be supplied not only to the royal court, but also to the army.

Rules for the collection of medicinal plants. Plants are harvested in dry weather, when the dew has already disappeared. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dust and dirt on the plants. You can not collect medicinal plants along the roads, on the streets of cities, in squares. These plants accumulate harmful substances that are thrown into the air by cars. The flowers are harvested at the beginning of flowering; leaves - before flowering or at the beginning of it; roots and rhizomes - in spring and autumn; bark - in the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, when it separates well.

Black elderberry Raspberry a In folk medicine, raspberry fruits are considered an antipyretic for influenza, bronchitis, laryngitis, expectorant when coughing. In folk medicine, a decoction prepared from the flowers and fruits of black elderberry is used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic.

Nettle In folk medicine, nettle is used as a wound healing, diuretic, tonic, laxative, vitamin, expectorant. It is used for various bleeding, heart disease, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, allergies. Outwardly - for wounds, bleeding, skin diseases, to strengthen hair.

Conclusion In our industrial age, with the strongest environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to remain absolutely healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole "bouquet" of diseases. Often medicine is powerless. But why do we forget that we have a thousand years of experience of our ancestors behind us, which have been put into a piggy bank for centuries traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of various ailments. The disease is easier to prevent than later, tormented by trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us. Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” foresaw everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Therefore, we studied the medicinal plants of our area, their action and use.

Literature. D. Tkach "Home doctor" V.V. Petrov "The plant world of our Motherland" A.F. Hammerman "Healing plants". Moscow, 1986. "Medicinal plants and their use." Vladivostok. MP "Exlibris", 1992. Encyclopedia of the nature of Russia. Reference edition. ABF Publishing House. Moscow. V.I.Dal "Explanatory Dictionary"