For the Olympiads, Olympiad tasks in the Russian language (Grade 10) on the topic. For the Olympiads Olympiad tasks in the Russian language (Grade 10) on the topic Data from registers

Grade 9

yasgenimch

swings

ninat

classic

Answer:

1. Softening

2. Archaism

3. Antonym

4. Vocabulary

Total: maximum - 10 points.

2 . There is an interjection in the Russian language, in which the pronunciation of sounds is fundamentally different from the pronunciation of other sounds of the Russian language. It also occurs in fiction, for example, in the novel by M. Bulgakov "The White Guard":

"Ah," Myshlaevsky croaked, sinking to the floor.

The black gap widened, and Nikolkin's head and chevron appeared in it.

“Nichol… help, take him.” Take it, by the hand.

— ts-ts-ts …” muttered Nikolka, shaking his head pitifully, and
strained.

What is the peculiarity of the pronunciation of sounds in the highlighted interjection?

Name an interjection that is written differently, but conveys a similar sound, pronounced in the usual way. What does this interjection mean?

Answer:

A necessary condition for the pronunciation of any sound is the presence of air flow in the pronunciation apparatus. In Russian (and most other languages), this flow is created by the lungs and is directed out of the lungs through the trachea, larynx, pharynx, and nasal or oral cavity.

When pronouncing an interjection ts-ts-ts air flow

a) directed not outside, but inside the vocal tract,

b) is created not with the help of the lungs, but due to the pressure difference in oral cavity and outside of it.

Interjection ts! , written differently, but conveying a similar sound (a dental whistling affricate), pronounced in the usual way, usually means a call for silence.

Grade:

3 points for indicating the direction of the airflow,

3 points for pointing out how to create an air flow,

2 points for comparison with interjection ts! ,

2 points for pointing out its meaning.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

3 . Fill in the missing letters and explain your choice:

health ... tse, health ... chko

Answer:

The spelling of these unstressed suffixes follows different spelling rules and reflects different spelling principles.

Suffix - ets - (with a fluent vowel) is written in the words m.r. (brother, frost, question, people), and the suffix - itz - in the words of the f.r. ( puddle - puddle, request - request).

In noun. cf. suffix can be written as - ets - and how - ts -. The choice of spelling is determined by the place of stress. If the stress falls on the syllable preceding the suffix, then it is written AND (butter, armchair, dress). If the stress falls on the syllable after the suffix, then it is written E (coat, letter, rifle).

Unstressed suffix - ichc - is written only in the words of zh.r. formed from stems with the suffix - itz - ( button, ladder). Wed: voditsa - vodichka, sister - sister.

In other cases, it is written - echk - ( C grade, pawn, seed, strainer, time, health), as in suffixes with a fluent vowel. Wed:board - plank, porch - porch, place - place.

Grade:

Health - 1 b. for correct spelling, 1 b. for the connection of the suffixes -ets- and -its- with the category of gender, 1 b. for the connection of choosing the spelling of the suffix in the noun. cf. R. with accent, 1 b. for examples.

Zdorovechko - 1 b. for correct spelling, 1 b. for formulating the rule or explaining the spelling, 1 b. for examples.

Total - 7 b.

4. The left column lists Czech words, while the right column lists their meanings in no particular order. Considering the family ties of the Czech and Russian languages, match the words and their meanings; justify your answer.

wow, yeah ; the letter y denotes a sound similar to Russian [ы], č - a sound similar to Russian [h]).

Answer:

Grade:

Total: maximum - 10 points.

5 . In the modern Russian literary language, some borrowed words retain certain traces of foreign origin. Find such features that characterize the following groups of words:

1) poet, spaniel, project;

2) julienne, brochure, parachute;

3) antenna, test, display, cab;

4) muesli, bureau, deja vu.

Answer:

1) a combination of two vowels inside a morpheme (gaping),

2) writing a letter Yu after a (hard) hissing consonant,

3) pronunciation of a paired solid consonant before [e],

4) inflexibility and pronunciation of a soft labial consonant before [y].

Grade:

Two points for answering questions 1-3; three points for answering question 4.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

6 . In D. V. Venevitinov's poem "Poet and Friend" we find the following lines:

Friend

Nature's precept is not so strict.

Do not despise her gifts:

She is the joy of youth

Gives us hope and dreams.

You proudly heard their greetings;

She's a holy desire

Itself lit in your blood

And in the chest for sweet love

Invested in a young heart.

How do you understand the meaning of the underlined line? Determine the case of the underlined pronoun? Justify your answer.

Answer:

1. The meaning of the underlined line is “do not neglect her (i.e. nature) gifts”; as can be seen from the context, we are talking about youth, love, etc.

2. The verb “to despise” is used here, apparently, not in its modern meaning, but in a poetic “neglect”, moreover, in such a way that it retains control instrumental exactly the same as the verb "neglect". From this it follows that the word dependent on the verb turns out to be precisely “gifts”, while “her” turns out to be an attribute to the noun. So, the case of "her" is genitive. It should be noted that in the old pre-reform orthography, mixing the genitive and accusative forms of this pronoun was impossible, since the spelling “her” was used for the former; indeed, it is precisely this form that we find in Venevitinov's lifetime editions.

Grade:.

3 points for the meaning of the line.

2. points for indicating the genitive case.

Up to 4 points for detailed argumentation of the answer (and an indication of the connection with semantics, morphology and difference in spelling.)

Total: up to 9 points.

7 . Read an excerpt from the explanation of V.I. Dahl to the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language":

“So, here is the order, the structure of the dictionary, on which the compiler decided: to collect by families or nests all obviously related words, eliminating, however, prepositional and those derivatives in which the initial letters change; it's an attempt at a middle way, between unfounded and root-word dictionaries.

Explain the meaning of "term" unfounded . Is it possible to judge Dahl's attitude to the designated object by the use of this "term". Arrange the wordsseven, family, seven, familyby "unfounded" and "root word" methods.

Explain the meaning of the term prepositional . Indicate the reason why today the use of this term following Dahl and in the same meaning is undesirable. Give two examples each (a). prepositional words" (according to Dahl) and (b) other "derivatives in which the initial letters change."

Answer:

unfounded = strictly alphabetic dictionary by type of word arrangement. Dahl believed alphabet order meaningless and assessed it negatively: “The first method is extremely stupid and dry. The closest and most akin speeches, with their legitimate change in the second and third letters, are carried far apart and languish here and there in solitude; every living connection of speech is severed and lost; the word, in which no less than life, as in man himself, endures and stagnates; the same interpretations must be repeated several times; there is no strength to read such a dictionary, at the tenth word the mind will become dull and the head will spin, because our mind requires some kind of reasonable connection, gradualness and consistency in everything ”(V.I. Dal). Hence the choice of the term, the primary meaning of which is ‘false, unfounded, false’.

Demonstration of practical possession of the principles of strictly alphabetic and nested arrangement of words in the dictionary:

1) family, seven, seven, family.

2) A. seven, seven. B. family, family.

Prepositional = prefix. Today, terminology has established a strict distinction between prepositions (written separately) and often homonymous prefixes (written together with the next part of the word). Dahl's terminology leads to the loss of this important distinction.

Examples: (a) in-move, re-move, behind-move; (b) walk - and walk - walked, I - me, we - us, man - people, good - better.

Grade:

unfounded, for interpretation - 1 point. Dahl assessed negatively with justification - 1 point. Correctly completed tasks for the arrangement in alphabetical order - 1 point, for two nests - 2 points. In total - 5 points.

Prepositional, for interpretation - 1 point. Today, the term does not mean only "prefixed" - 1 point, but Dahl had uncertainty - 1 point. Correct examples for prefixed and suppletive - 2 points. (If possible, take into account the possession of the term suppletivism , not in all textbooks presented.) In total - 5 points

Total: maximum - 10 points.

8 . A. S. Shishkov believed that the word polushka "composed of the word floor (i.e. half) and ear (diminutive of ear )", motivating this by the fact that "in ancient times ears animal skins were used instead of money.

What is the meaning of the word polushka?

Do you agree with Shishkov's hypothesis about the origin of this word? Justify your answer.

Answer:

Shishkov is only partly right: in the word polushka is the root of the floor - ‘half’, but no root ear(o)< ух(о); ушк - is a diminutive suffix: cf.hump - hump, village - village, mountain - gorushka, ash - cinderella.

Shishkov is also wrong historically: in the old days, contrary to what he writes, not the ears of animal skins were used as a means of payment, but the skins of martens and squirrels, from where such names of monetary units askuna, hryvnia kuna, veveritsa.

The word half meant a coin of half a penny or a quarter of a kopeck.

Evaluation: 2 points - for the correct morphemic articulation of the word; 2 points - for determining the meaning of the suffix eyelet -; 2 points - for pointing out Shishkov's historical mistake; 4 points - for the correct definition of the value (answer: polushka - ‘half a penny’ is worth 1 point).

Total: 10 points.

9 . How should the editor correct this sentence? Justify your answer.

We invite teams of organizations and individuals to meet New Year in our cafe.

Answer:

In this case, it is not taken into account that the word PERSON in the meaning of "man" is animated, and therefore the form V.p. pl.h must match the form R.p. plural, so "private persons" should be corrected to "private persons". However, this will create an ambiguity: We invite teams of organizations and invite individuals OR: We invite teams of organizations and teams of individuals? It would be appropriate to change the order of words: We invite individuals and teams of organizations ...

Grade:

4 points for a grammatically correct comment and 4 points for a complete correction.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

10 . Read the verses:

And boring and sad, and no one to give a hand

In a moment of heartbreak...

(M.Yu. Lermontov. “Both boring and sad…”)

Give the initial form of the underlined pronoun. What is the peculiarity of the declension and use of this pronoun?

Answer:

For the initial form of the negative pronoun no one the R form of the case of this word is accepted no one , because in its declension there is no form of the direct Im. case.

Such insufficiency of the paradigm is due to the fact that the pronoun no one used only with the infinitive. Historically, this is due to the turnover to not (from * not to eat) to whom to go . Other negative pronouns that have a full paradigm may depend on other verb forms, cf.no one to go to, he didn't go to anyone, no one went.

Grade:

for pointing out the absence of Im. case - 1 point,

for pointing to the initial form no one - 1 point,

for a note on the use of the pronoun no one only with the infinitive - 6 points,

for a historical comment - 2 points additionally.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

Preview:

Grade 10

1. Decipher the anagrams of linguistic terms:

iverbaubrat

form of thunder

pathpanizuve

filatav

Indicate the term that is out of line in its meaning. Justify your answer.

Answer:

1. Abbreviation

2. Spelling

3. Onomatopoeia

4. Alphabet

Grade:

For each term 2 points, in total - no more than 8 points.

For an indication of a term that differs in meaning with justification - 2 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

2. In colloquial Russian, there are two antonyms that are pronounced in their entirety with the mouth closed. Both of them consist of two syllables, and differ from each other in the place of stress and the quality of the consonant. Give dictionary synonyms of these words. What sound occurring in one of these words is pronounced in the phrasedot all the i ? What does it serve? How does it differ from other consonants of the Russian language? Describe it as accurately as possible.

Answer:

1) These are interjections yes and no (yes and no).

2) In a phrase dot all the i before i a glottal stop (knaklaut) is pronounced.

3) This sound serves to prevent the assimilation of the vowel [and] in place of the letter i preceding solid consonant (so that in place i sound [s] was not pronounced: dot over s not necessary).

4) This is a occlusive laryngeal consonant, formed by complete and relatively prolonged closure of the vocal cords. Its difference from all other consonants of the Russian language is that it is not pronounced in the oral cavity.

Grade:

for the answer to the first question - 2 points;

for the answer to the second question - 1 point;

for the answer to the third question - 2 points;

for the answer to the fourth question - 2 points for indicating the formation of sound not in the oral cavity, 1 point each for indicating the larynx, vocal cords, bow.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

3. Recently, there has been a tendency to distinguish letters in printed publications e and yo . Underline letters that could be typed in yo . Explain your decision.

A) And now Minerva strikes

In the tops of Riphean with a copy;

Silver and gold run out

In all your inheritance.

Pluto in the clefts is restless,

What is handed over to the Russians

Its precious metal from the mountains,

Which nature has hidden there;

(M. V. Lomonosov)

B) When there is no agreement among the comrades,

Their business will not go well.

(I. A. Krylov)

C) Green Noise is coming and going,

Green Noise, spring noise!

Like drenched in milk

stand cherry orchards,

Quietly noisy;

Warmed by the warm sun

The merry ones make noise

Pine forests;

And next to the new greenery

Babbling a new song

And the pale-leaved linden,

And white birch

With a green braid!

(N. A. Nekrasov)

D) The village where Eugene missed,

There was a lovely corner;

There's a friend of innocent pleasures

I could bless the sky.

The master's house is secluded,

Protected from the winds by a mountain,

Standing over the river...

(A. S. Pushkin)

Answer:

1. In (A), the letter Yo should not be in any word. This is an ode, the style of which did not allow reading [o] in place of E.

2. In (B), you should also not write Yo in word GO. A fable in the 19th century no longer required an unambiguous reading [e] in place of any E, but in this case, Yo would destroy the rhyme.

3. In (B) in the words GOES, HUMS, GREEN, CHERRY, you can undoubtedly print Yo, since such a pronunciation is typical for Nekrasov's poetics. Naturally, we don’t write YO in the word MERRY, as in MERRY.

4. In (D) the question is very difficult. For Pushkin, it is not at all necessary to read [e] in place of any E, but in participles, the pronunciation of [e] lingered longer than in other positions. So there could be both Yo and E.

Grade: 2 points for each correct item.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

(Reference: in Czech, the combination of letters ch denotes a sound similar to the Russian sound [x], the letter h is the same sound as in the words wow, yeah ; the letter y denotes a sound similar to Russian [s]; č - a sound similar to Russian [h]; z - a sound similar to the Russian sound [zh]).

Answer:

(Česko-ruský slovník. Pod vedením K. Horálka, B. Ilka, L. Kopeckého. Praha, 1965)

Grade:

0.5 points - for a correctly defined meaning and 0.5 points for a correctly established relationship with the words of the Russian language, that is, for a correct justification.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

5 . According to the dictionary of V.I. Dahl, the word reverend can be applied to holy people ( holy reverend prince), and to tools:reverend axe, reverend chisel.

Reveal the original meaning of the word reverend in comparison with related words in modern Russian. Interpret the expressionreverend axe.

Answer:

In modern Russian, the word reverend - single root withlike, incomparable, resemblance, likeness (befitting, befitting), assimilate .

Idea of similarity based on the analysis of these words should be presented as a followdue, established order, sample. Compare: as it should be - as it should, should, should, should; proper - such as it is necessary, possessing a set of certain, necessary qualities; incomparable - one that cannot be compared with a sample(compare: V.I. Dal:to which there is no similar good qualities; best, excellent, incomparable, peerless), to liken - compare with what might be a sample; make a model of something.

Hence: Reverend with amplifier pre-: very, very worthy, having an excess of the necessary set of internal characteristics in the relevant activity. Combination reverend axV.I.Dal interprets howvery good, incomparable, excellent.

Grade:

3 (2+1) points - selection of related words and description of their meaning (2 points - for 1-3 words + 1 point if there are more than 3 words).

3 points - interpretation of the original meaning of the word reverend through comparison with related words.

2 point - explanation of the expressionreverend ax.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

6. What is the language game based on in this sentence? How do you understand its meaning?

The girl Podzatylkina is remarkable only because she is not remarkable in any way. (A.P. Chekhov)

Answer:

This sentence plays on the ambiguity of the adjective. wonderful : 1. Outstanding, extraordinary in its qualities. // Exceptional. // Very good. 2. Noteworthy; notable. short form wonderful used in different, opposing meanings. This is a special stylistic figure of speech (ploka). In this context, it serves to create irony.

The phrase is subject to various interpretations:

A) The girl Podzatylkina differed from others in her exceptional (outstanding) mediocrity.

B) The girl Podzatylkina was already good because she did not attract attention to herself.

C) The mediocrity of Podzatylkina is her only positive quality.

Grade:

An indication of the polysemy of the adjective - 1 point, an indication of the use of the adjective in different meanings- 1 b., definition of the meaning of the adjective - 2 b. + 2 b., an indication of the use of a special stylistic figure - 1 b., an interpretation of the different meanings of the phrase - 3 b.

Total - 10 b.

7 . What are the meanings of the word yard can be derived from its derivatives? Group the words according to the meanings you have highlighted.

guest palace, courtyard, courtyard, janitor, mongrel, courtyard (building), backyards, one-palace, courtyard (census), courtyard.

Answer:

Words derived from a polysemantic word correspond with it strictly in one meaning. Therefore, by analyzing the meanings of derivative words, one can get an idea of the semantics of the motivating word. However, not all meanings of a word can be reflected in derivative words.

1) From the word yard wordspatio, janitor, mongrel, yard(building), backyards (back yard).

2) From the word yard in meaning 2 “Peasant house with all outbuildings; a separate peasant economy "the words are formedcourtyard, single palace, backyard(census), courtyard.

3) Only one word is formed from the names of institutions, institutions (gostiny dvor, mint, inn, etc.) - gostinodvorets.

Grade:

For the correct distribution of all 10 words - 10 b.

8. Explain why such names of characters are often found in Russian fairy tales about animals:Kotofey Ivanovich(cat), Lisafya Ivanovna(fox), Petushailo Ivanovich(rooster), Khavronya Ivanovna(pig), Mikhailo Ivanovich(bear)? What role does the word play in naming? Ivanovich?

Answer :

A) human names (Lisafya, Khavronya, Mikhailo), as well as anthropomorphic names of animals, likened to anthroponyms (Kotofey- Timothy, Dorotheus, Dositheus, Petushailo - Mikhailo) in Russian fairy tales performed the function personifications . They stressed allegory , allegorical meaning of the tale.

B) Slovo Ivanovich in the naming of animals conditionally (they did not have a father named Ivan). Russian word Ivanovich , like the word of Ukrainian origin Batkovich , can replace any patronymic, compensate for its absence. This quasi patronymic.

C) Slovo Ivanovich endows animals with Russian nationality. Name Ivan met in Russian calendar more than 70 times, this is the reason for its frequent use in the names of Russian people. Surname Ivanovich was also one of the most common. Wed in “Russian Tales” by A.M. Gorky: “Once upon a time there were Ivanychi - a wonderful people! What do not do with them - they are not surprised at anything!

D) In Russian traditional culture, the right to be called a patronymic was acquired only upon reaching the age of majority. Therefore, the heroes of fairy tales are endowed with the properties of adults.

E) Patronymic is used for respectful naming (“They call by name, and call by patronymic”). Naming animals by patronymic reflects their privileged position in the fairy-tale world.

Grade:

An indication of the heterogeneity of the "personal names" of animals (human names and the names of animals likened to them) - 1 b.,

Definition of the personification function - 1 b.,

Role in creating the allegory of a fairy tale - 1 b.,

Conditionality of patronymic in the names of animals, the function of quasi-patronymic (the term is not required) - 2 b.

The characterizing function of naming: an indication of nationality (2 b.), adulthood (1 b.), privileged position (1 b.).

Total: 9 b.

9 . In the "Dictionary of the Russian language 11-17 centuries." there is a dictionary entry with the heading word MASHTUK. The compilers of the dictionary could not give a definition of this word, putting a sign (?), but they quoted from a written monument in which this word is used:

“And there was no notice from him to me, but I’ll send randomly about drills and chisels ...зъ ∙в̃∙mashtukama» (1698).

Translate the selected text fragment into modern Russian. Justify your answer.

Answer:

“And there was no news from him to me, so I’ll send a special [message] about drills and chisels ... with two pieces.”

The publishers of the dictionary misread the ancient text, dividing it into words incorrectly. The letter ∙в̃∙ denoted the number 2, and - ma is the ending of the dual number Tv. p., as well as in the word form piece-ma; note that writing a preposition z reflects the living pronunciation of the writer, however, the voicing of the preposition with it is possible only before the consonant [d], while the voicing [s] before [v] in the Russian language was not and is not; this also serves as an argument in favor of the fact that the first word in the selection is two .

Grade:

for correct reading two things - 5 points, for indicating the meaning of the letter ∙в̃∙ - 1 point, for determining the shape thing - 1 point, for phonetic argument - 3 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

10 . Determine what errors are contained in the sentences, give them an explanation and correct them.

1. Both parties signed a consensus.

2. Ikebana - a bouquet made up of dry flowers.

3. One careless step - and your foot plunged into a small puddle, which was formed by the recent rain. Now she, shiny, decorated with a yellow leaf, cheerfully smiles at the friendly sun.

4. According to the hydrometeorological center, during these 3 days a monthly rainfall fell in the capital. The raging elements paralyzed traffic in the center of the capital. Accidents have become more frequent.

5. Journalists have a lot of information.

Answer:

1. You cannot sign a consensus. Either they signed an agreement, or they came to a consensus.

2. Instead of "dry", it should have been "dried". Error in the use of paronyms.

3. Misuse of a sentence with a personal pronoun that can replace one of two words in the preceding sentence.

4. Wrong "accident cases". Cases can be, for example, diseases. Here: Accidents have become more frequent.

5. A fraction can only be small. Should: have a lot of information.

Grade:

2 points for answering each question.

Total - 10.

Preview:

Grade 11

1 . Decipher the anagrams of linguistic terms:

tinacofee

python

inedura

layers of a gypsy

Indicate the term that is out of line in its meaning. Justify your answer.

Answer :

1. Phonetics

2. Toponym

3. Emphasis

4. Consonant

Grade:

For each term 2 points, in total - no more than 8 points.

For an indication of a term that differs in meaning with justification - 2 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

2 . The most common greeting in Russian Hello due to its frequency, it is often pronounced with a significant degree of reduction - the part highlighted in curly brackets may be absent in it: hello [with "t"] e.

Should a letter in this form have a soft sign between letters s and t ? Justify your answer.

Answer:

The positional phonetic softness of consonants in Russian is not indicated in writing: ( bones, clean ) in contrast to the "own" softness of the consonant: ( drop it - drop it). In the word hello the soft sign should not be written, otherwise this form will be perceived as a plural imperative from a non-existent verb hello.

Grade:

2 points for absence b ,

up to 3 points for not indicating positional softness,

up to 3 points for pointing to the form hello.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

3 . In the First Novgorod Chronicle we read:

And Prince Patriciy Narimantovich came to Novgorod, and gave him to Novgorodians and gave him feeding Orekhov city (l. 371).

Among philologists, there is still debate about which of the two homonyms of the word feeding used in this text. Name these homonyms, indicate their meanings and related words in modern Russian. Explain why a unique solution is not possible in this case.

Answer:

1 homonym - feeding ‘action on the verb to feed: to give food ’ . In this context: ‘the use of fees, fodder’ (meaning the way of keeping princely and sovereign people at the expense of extortions from the population). Related words:fodder, feed, fodder and so on.

2 homonym - feeding ‘action on the verb feed : manage'. In this context: ‘management’. Related words:helmsman, helmsman, helm ‘rudder’, stern.

An unambiguous solution in this case is impossible, since the context implies a double understanding:handed over to the city And gave the city for the use of fees, feed.

Grade:

3 points - the meaning of the first homonym (2 points) and related words to it (1 point)

4 points - the meaning of the second homonym (3 points) and related words to it (1 point)

2 points - explanation of the impossibility of a correct solution.

Total: maximum - 9 points.

4 . In the modern Russian literary language, before the end of the prepositional case-e a consonant that is paired in hardness / softness is always pronounced softly (o tra[v ']é, o ko[z']é, o[s']é), and unpaired ones do not change (o du[w]é, o me[ f]é, o me[h ']é, o wing[c]é).

In one of the dialects of the Russian language, part of the consonants behaves in the same way as in the literary language, and the other part, due to a phonetic change, is pronounced differently. As a result, some word forms almost coincide with each other, and examples can be found in this dialect:

about ové and about ov[c]é,

o li[s’]é and o li[s]é,

about per[s’]e and about per[s]e,

o fell [sh]é and oh fell [w’]é,

about ty[w]e and about ty[w’]e,

about ký[w]e and about ký[w’]e.

Form for all these examples the literary forms of the nominative singular. What phonetic change took place in this dialect? Give examples of a similar phenomenon (limited both lexically and positionally) in the modern Russian literary language.

Answer:

Oats - a sheep, a fox - a face, a Persian - a pepper, a broadsword - an executioner, a carcass - a cloud, a kush - a bunch.

This is a change in the affricates [ts] and [h "] into fricative consonants [s] and [sh"], respectively (loss of the link while maintaining the original hardness / softness and unpaired consonants on this basis).

In the modern Russian literary language, in a number of words it is possible to pronounce [w] in placehbefore a stop consonantTorn(without preserving the original softness), for example, in wordsWhat, fried eggs, on purposeand others. A similar phenomenon can be seen in cases of the typecomb,where [w "w"] is pronounced at the place of the combinationmid(the original softness is preserved here).

Grade:

1 point for correct forms from 2 columns;

2 points for indicating a change in [c] in [s] and [h"] in [w"];

1 point for type examplesfried eggsAndcomb.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

5 . The left column lists Czech words, while the right column lists their meanings in no particular order. Considering the family ties of the Czech and Russian languages, match the words and their meanings; justify your answer.

(Reference: in Czech, the combination of letters ch denotes a sound similar to the Russian sound [х], the letter h is the same sound as the consonant in the wordswow, yeah; the letter y denotes a sound similar to Russian [s], č - a sound similar to Russian [h]; s - sound similar to the Russian sound [sh])

Answer:

horky

hot

Wed Russianhot,cognate with Czechhorky.

(Česko-ruský slovník. Pod vedením K. Horálka, B. Ilka, L. Kopeckého. Praha, 1965)

Grade:

0.5 points - for a correctly defined meaning and 0.5 points for a correctly established relationship with the words of the Russian language, that is, for a correct justification.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

6 . In the novel by Vasily Shukshin "Lubaviny" there is a verbget highin the following context:

- And along the river<плот бревен на постройку дома>fuse in two days.

- You need a knowledgeable person - along the river. And thenget highon the thresholds.

- Grinka floats with you, I spoke with him.

Turning to dictionaries, we find two different interpretations.

A. « SMOKINǴ YES-I am, I am,owls. Spend a lot of time inactive, not being able to get out of a predicament… Probably from “smoking”<…>; meaning to sit for a long time in forced smoke breaks ”(Vasily Shukshin’s Dictionary of the Language, 2001).

B. « SMOKINǴ YES-I am, I am,owls. To swim, plunging headlong into the water ... (cf.smoke- dip: “When Alyosha especially went to the shelf<в парилке>he smoked his head right into this bath” (“Alyosha Beskonvoyny”)” (Dictionary of dialectisms in the works of V.M. Shukshin, 2003).

Which interpretation do you think is correct? Why is the other interpretation wrong? Justify your answer.

Answer:

Interpretation A is wrong. It is caused by an imprecise analogy with pairs like:preliminaryAndt - preliminaryIth, ozarAndt - ozarIbe. However, these verbs on -itperfect form and denote a single action, andchickensAndbe- imperfect form and denotes a long-term action. For its derivatives of the perfect form, if necessary, an imperfect form is formed with a different suffix:smokeAndtsya - smokewato be.

Interpretation B is supported by a dialectal parallelsmoke(dip) from another story by Shukshin. In addition, it can be substantiated by a broad context: when sailing along the river, on the stormy river rapids, it is quite difficult to find time for inactivity and long smoke breaks, but you can easily get wet.

Grade:

For the assessment of interpretation A - up to 5 points, depending on the level of validity.

For the assessment of interpretation B - up to 5 points, depending on the level of validity.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

7 . In 1906, records of one southern dialect were published. Compare two words of the same thematic group:

throatIty - ‘vociferous, horloder, screamer’.

deafIty - ‘deaf’.

Answer the questions:

1. Washeelorgan of speech and hearing in that era, or is it something else? What is the origin of the second root in these adjectives?

2. Which word appeared earlier in this pair?

3. How is the word that appeared later formed? How is it formed differently?

Answer:

1. The heel was not an organ of speech and hearing even at that distant time. The second root in these adjectives, if we turn to history, is the same as in:race-five-th, dis-pin-ah,five-l-i-t,five-l-ts-s, throat-o-pan.

2. Before there was a wordthroatheelsth‘he who has his throat wide open, who has his throatstaring(makes the throat sore-five- T-ym), like a throatpan’.

3. And then, by analogy withthroatfifth(vociferous, loud-voiced), was formedmuffledfifth, Where -fifthwas no longer used in the meaning of ‘wide open’, but by analogy in finished form, in its entirety, in the second part of complex adjectives that characterize a person by speech and hearing.

Grade:

1. For determining the value of the second root; for pointing out single-root derivatives with different options root - up to 4 points.

2. For the justification of the priority of the formation of the word throated - 2 points.

3. For indicating the formation of an adjectivedeaf-fifthSimilarly; for substantiating thatfifthhere does not mean "wide open"; for indicating that this analogy is caused by the proximity of adjectives in meaning (speech and hearing) - up to 6 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

8. Read the sentences from the works of A.P. Chekhov. Based on what syntactic features are they grouped into two different groups?

a) Letters are smart, warm, interesting; she did not complain, but I felt that she was deeply unhappy; every line is a sick, strained nerve.

b) Whatever the word - then the knife is sharp, whatever the look - then a bullet in the chest.

c) Before there was a scribbler, then a hero, a knight without fear and reproach, a martyr, a sufferer and a truthful person. And now? Look, Russian land, at your writing sons and be ashamed!

a) And in the camps, every Friday, it’s a ball, and, read, every day the military orchestra plays music ...

b) Every day, then such an acquaintance that I would simply give my soul for a person.

c) Lord, what a civilization! These views, different Vesuvius ... neighborhood! Whatever step, then the surroundings!

Answer:

All these sentences are united by the presence in their structure of subordinate clauses, attached by the allied word CHTO NI.

1. In the first group of sentences, the allied word forms the relationship of identity, equating concepts, phenomena, situations named in the subordinate and main parts.

TO - demonstrative pronoun, indicates the subject named in the previous part.

In all three sentences, there is a figurative, characterizing, metaphorical meaning (a line is a stretched nerve, a word is a knife, a look is a bullet, a hack is a hero).

2. In the second group of sentences, the allied word attaches a subordinate tense, the content of which indicates the regularity, repetition of the action or event named in the main part.

TO is a relative word. Correlates the content of the main part with the subordinate tense.

Grade:

Clauses with WHAT NO - 1 b., WHAT NO - allied word - 1 b.

Group 1: the meaning of the subordinate - 2 b., the pronoun TO - 1 b., the metaphorical meaning - 1 b.

Group 2: the meaning of the subordinate - 2 b., the correlative word TO - 1 b.

Logic and depth of the answer - 1 p.

Total: maximum - 10 b.

9. What is the lexical and grammatical originality of the verbget sick? Justify your answer, give examples.

Answer:

For the correct execution of the task, it is necessary to clarify:get sickMay be indefinite form two homonymous verbs: verb 1 conjugation and verb 2 conjugation.

A. According to the 1st conjugation, about a living being, in the meaning of "experiencing illness, illness" - 6 forms:

units h. pl. h.

1 l. I'm sick

2 l. you're sick

3 l. get sick get sick

B. According to the 2nd conjugation, about a part of the body, impersonal, meaning "to be a source of pain" - 2 forms:

units h. pl. h.

3 l. hurt hurt

Grade:

for specifying both conjugations - 2 points (only for one conjugation - 0 points);

for indicating semantic differences between two conjugations - 2 points;

for each pair of forms, 1 point, total: 2 points;

for indicating an incomplete paradigm (including in the scheme), impersonality - 2 points;

for examples - 2 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

10 . As you know, the journalistic style is characterized by the active use of emotionally colored phraseological units. Restore the original form, values and source of the highlighted stable expression found in this fragment. What is the historical incorrectness resulting from the use of this text?

"The youthbrought to the slaughter to Mammon. All that is most holy is thrown as a sacrifice to this idol, personifying greed and money-grubbing."

Answer:

In this fragment, the turnoverbring to the slaughter Mammonis a portmanteau of three different expressions:lead (go) to the slaughter‘lead (go) to death’,sacrifice (throw) to Moloch‘to take brutal measures related to mass bloodshed; to give to a cruel inexorable force that requires human sacrifice, someone, something. the most expensive andserve Mammon (mammon)‘take care of wealth, material values, indulge in sensual pleasures’. The source of all three expressions is the Bible.

The historical incorrectness lies in the fact that Mammon (Mammon), unlike Moloch, has never been an idol and a deity. Even in early Christianity, a legend arose that this is the name of a pagan god, and therefore in the future this word began to be perceived as a proper name, but initially the wordmammon (mammon)meant ‘money, wealth’. Thus,make sacrifices to mammonAndleadmammon to the slaughtercan only be figurative.

Grade:

if the source was identified - the Bible - 1 point,

if the expression was named - 1 point,

if the value is determined - 1 point,

if they indicated historical incorrectness - 3 points

Total: 10 points.

11 . The scientific style is opposed to the scientific style, which is used in everyday, and sometimes scientific communication. An example of the use of this style is a fragment from the work of D. Prigov "Description of objects" (1979).

Read the text and answer the questions: what is the difference between the scientific style and the actual scientific style? For what purpose does the author use it in his work?

EGG

Comrades! The egg is one of the most common items in the social, labor and everyday practice of a person.

It is a complex curved closed surface with complex organic content; in size from 20 mm to infinity in length.

It is depicted by bringing together two hands, each folded like a hemisphere. In everyday life, it is used as feed for all types of livestock and humans in raw form, in the form of scrambled eggs, scrambled eggs, boiled, etc. The historical origin of the egg is associated with the appearance of the egg-laying species on Earth, which is not true, since much earlier eggs of natural origin are found.

The image of an egg is often used as a spiritual and mystical symbol of the initial cosmological substance, which is absolutely wrong with scientific point vision, since it would be more correct to consider the idea of the emergence of the world as an act of creativity of the demiurge within 7 days.

Sometimes the image of an egg is associated with the image of a social class as a kind of substance and a rigid form of class ideology, which is incorrect from a Marxist point of view, since the mechanism of interaction between classes and ideology is fundamentally different.

Due to the complexity of the curve of the closed surface and the thinness of the shell, the object is practically unreproducible. The real existence of it for the above reasons is considered unlikely.

Answer:

1. Scientific style - a superficial imitation of the scientific style in everyday, and sometimes scientific speech. The term denotes not a functional variety of language, but speech that violates literary stylistic norms.

Any style is characterized by extra-linguistic (extra-linguistic) features and proper linguistic signs.

Formal similarity between scientific and scientific style imitating it (linguistic signs):

2. Scientific definitions and comments on them (The egg is one of the most common items in the social, labor and everyday practice of a person. It is a complex curved closed surface with complex organic content; in size from 20 mm to infinity in length) , including general scientific vocabulary (object, surface, phenomenon, substance, hemisphereetc.) and book (is, associate, aboveand etc.);

3. In vocabulary: use of terminology, book vocabulary, specialization of polysemantic words, lack of expressive and colloquial vocabulary, exact lexical repetitions, especially in the use of terms;

4. In syntax: impersonal (...it would be more correct to consider…) , indefinitely personal (Often used as an egg…) and generalized-personal constructions, the predominance of complex sentences with causal, conditional, temporal relationships; in morphology: the use of verbs in a connective or auxiliary function (is, is, considered); and etc.

However, in a scientific style, the use of these means is accompanied by a violation of speech norms (style inconsistency with the subject of speech, a heap of terms that are often incompatible, the abuse of clichés, a heap of citations, etc.).

5. The difference between scientific and scientific styles (extralinguistic features):

The scientific style is intended for an adequate, objective, accurate, logically rigorous transmission of scientific information, a reasoned presentation of modern knowledge.

Scientific style is the result of stylistic awkwardness, misunderstanding of the nature of scientific style. is associated with the speaker's desire to give weight to his words, to impress an unprepared audience, or serves as a camouflage for confused logic, insufficient knowledge, ill-conceived content, lack of facts.

6. In the work of D. Prigov, a substitution is presented scientific knowledge science-like judgments that do not have real grounds and meaning. The choice of style does not match the subject of the description. Arguing about non-scientific things in a scientific form serves to express the author's irony about the stereotyped, superficial nature of the social sciences of the Soviet era. The comic is emphasized by a mixture of scientific imagery and colloquial everyday vocabulary (In everyday life it is used as feed for all types of livestock and humans in raw form, in the form of scrambled eggs, scrambled eggs, boiled, etc..)

Grade:

2 points for each answer.

Total: maximum - 12 points.

Preview:

KEYS TO THE TASKS OF THE THIRD ROUND

9 CLASS

A). A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

B). N.V. Gogol's Terrible Revenge.

IN). A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

G). A.S. Pushkin "Prisoner of the Caucasus".

D). M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"

Match the folklore ancient Russian literature with the names of composers who created operas based on the material of these works.

A word about Igor's regiment A.P. Borodin

Sadko N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov

The legend of the invisible city of Kitezh N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov

Dobrynya Nikitich A.T. Grechaninov

The Tale of Frol Skobeev T.N. Khrennikov

CLASS

Determine in which works of Russian literature of the 19th century the following songs sound. It is necessary to name the work and its author.

A). A.P. Chekhov "Ionych".

B). I.S. Turgenev "Singers".

IN). A.N. Ostrovsky "Dowry".

G). ON THE. Nekrasov "Song to Eremushka".

D). A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm".

Match the works of Russian literature of the 19th century with the names of the composers who created operas based on the material of these works.

Snegurochka N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov

Demon A.G. Rubinstein

Boris Godunov M.P. Mussorgsky

Queen of Spades P.I. Chaikovsky

War and Peace C.C. Prokofiev

CLASS

Determine in which works of Russian literature late XIX- the first half of the XX century. the songs below. It is necessary to name the work and its author.

A). V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician"

B). I.A. Bunin "Mowers".

IN). M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don".

G). M.A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita".

D). M. Gorky "At the bottom".

In landau

The daughters of the real state councilor Bryndina, Kitty and Zina, rode along the Nevsky in a landau. Their cousin Marfusha, a little sixteen-year-old provincial landowner, who recently came to St. Petersburg to visit noble relatives and look at the “sights”, rode with them. Next to her sat Baron Dronkel, a freshly washed and too visibly polished little man in a blue coat and blue hat. The sisters rode and looked askance at their cousin. The cousin both made them laugh and compromised them. The naive girl, who had never ridden in a landau and had never heard the noise of the capital, examined with curiosity the upholstery in the carriage, the lackey's hat with galloons, screamed at each meeting with the horse-drawn carriage ... And her questions were even more naive and funnier ...

- How much does your Porfiry receive? she asked, casually nodding at the footman.

“I think forty a month...

— Not-already?! My brother Seryozha, a teacher, gets only thirty! Do you really value labor so dearly in St. Petersburg?

“Don’t ask, Marfusha, such questions,” Zina said, “and don’t look around. This is not appropriate. And look over there—look askance, otherwise it’s indecent—what a ridiculous officer! Haha! Just drank the vinegar! You, baron, are like that when you court Amfiladova.

“You, mesdames, are funny and cheerful, but my conscience is tormenting me,” said the baron. “Today our employees have a memorial service for Turgenev, but by your grace I didn’t go. It's embarrassing, you know... It's a comedy, but all the same you ought to go, show your sympathy... for ideas... Mesdames, tell me frankly, putting your hand to your heart, do you like Turgenev?

— Oh yes... I see! Turgenev is...

“Come on now... Everyone I ask likes it, but I... don’t understand!” Either I have no brain, or I am such a desperate skeptic, but it seems to me exaggerated, if not ridiculous, all this nonsense raised because of Turgenev! I will not deny that he is a good writer... He writes smoothly, the style is even striking in places, there is humor, but... nothing special... He writes, like all Russian hacks... Like Grigoryevich, like Kraevsky.. Yesterday I purposely took the Notes of a Hunter from the library, read it from blackboard to blackboard and found absolutely nothing special... No self-consciousness, no freedom of the press... no idea! And there is nothing about hunting at all. Written, however, not bad!

- It's not bad at all! He is a very good writer! How did he write about love? Kitty sighed. - The best!

- He wrote well about love, but there are better ones. Jean Richpin, for example. What a delight! Have you read his "Glue"? Another thing! You read and feel how it all really happens! And Turgenev ... what did he write? Ideas are everything...but what are the ideas in Russia? Everything from foreign soil! Nothing original, nothing native!

- And the nature as he described!

I don't like to read descriptions of nature. Pulling, pulling... "The sun has set... The birds are singing... The forest is rustling..." I always miss these charms. Turgenev is a good writer, I do not deny, but I do not recognize his ability to work miracles, as they shout about him. It was as if he gave an impetus to self-consciousness, he pinched some kind of political conscience in the Russian people... I don’t see all this... I don’t understand...

- Have you read his "Oblomov"? Zina asked. - There he is against serfdom!

"That's right... But I'm also against serfdom!" So scream about me?

Ask him to shut up! For God's sake! Marfusha whispered to Zina.

Zina looked in surprise at the naive, timid girl. The eyes of the provincial girl restlessly darted across the landau, from face to face, shone with a bad feeling and seemed to be looking for someone to pour out her hatred and contempt on. Her lips trembled with anger.

- Indecent, Marfusha! Zina whispered. - You have tears!

“They also say that he had a great influence on the development of our society,” continued the baron. - Where can you see it? I do not see this influence, sinful man. For me, at least, he did not have the slightest influence.

Lando stopped near the Bryndins' entrance.

1883

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Operation and repair of process pipelines under pressure up to 10.0 MPa 100 kgf/cm
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... 83 ... them ... maximum ... given ... consists of from ... from-behind decrease in metal ductility. 16. 15 . Pipes from ... Maybe be ... paragraphs 15 .13; 15 .14; 15 .24; 15 ... be rejected if total score, received adding up the largest points, installed with separate evaluation ...
Control questions and tasks (2)
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Questions and tasks 1. From what parts consists of account register... from them gave the first type of risk 2 points, second - 1, third - 4, fourth - 3, fifth - 5 points. In this case total... loss Maybe be received. So the methods estimates ready...
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Leads to distraction. But distraction Maybe be and consequence maximum composure and concentration on the main object ... . Your task consists of from two points: everything that you have discovered, perceive without ratings and judgment...
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... consists of from ... item making a decision, the result is maximized. The best decision accepted by maximum ... Maybe be received based on the use in the process of analysis behind both absolute and relative criteria estimates ... 83 ) where Spn - total ...

Grade 10

1. Decipher the anagrams of linguistic terms:

iverbaubrat

form of thunder

pathpanizuve

filatav

Indicate the term that is out of line in its meaning. Justify your answer.

Answer:

1. Abbreviation

2. Spelling

3. Onomatopoeia

4. Alphabet

Grade:

For each term 2 points, in total - no more than 8 points.

For an indication of a term that differs in meaning with justification - 2 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

Answer:

1) These are interjectionsYes And No (yes And nope).

2) In a phrase dot all the i beforei a glottal stop (knaklaut) is pronounced.

3) This sound serves to prevent the assimilation of the vowel [and] in place of the letteri preceding solid consonant (so that in placei sound [s] was not pronounced: dot overs no need).

Grade:

for the answer to the first question - 2 points;

for the answer to the second question - 1 point;

for the answer to the third question - 2 points;

for the answer to the fourth question - 2 points for indicating the formation of sound not in the oral cavity, 1 point each for indicatinglarynx, vocal cords, bow.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

3. Recently, there has been a tendency to distinguish letters in printed publicationse And yo . Underline letters that could be typed inyo . Explain your decision.

A) And now Minerva strikes

In the tops of Riphean with a copy;

Silver and gold run out

In all your inheritance.

Pluto in the clefts is restless,

What is handed over to the Russians

Its precious metal from the mountains,

Which nature has hidden there;

(M. V. Lomonosov)

B) When there is no agreement among the comrades,

Their business will not go well.

(I. A. Krylov)

C) Green Noise is coming and going,

Green Noise, spring noise!

Like drenched in milk

There are cherry orchards,

Quietly noisy;

Warmed by the warm sun

The merry ones make noise

Pine forests;

And next to the new greenery

Babbling a new song

And the pale-leaved linden,

And white birch

With a green braid!

(N. A. Nekrasov)

D) The village where Eugene missed,

There was a lovely corner;

There's a friend of innocent pleasures

I could bless the sky.

The master's house is secluded,

Protected from the winds by a mountain,

Standing over the river...

(A. S. Pushkin)

Answer:

1. In (A), the letter Yo should not be in any word. This is an ode, the style of which did not allow reading [o] in place of E.

2. In (B), you should also not write Yo in the word GO. A fable in the 19th century no longer required an unambiguous reading [e] in place of any E, but in this case, Yo would destroy the rhyme.

3. In (B) in the words GOES, HUMS, GREEN, CHERRY, you can undoubtedly print Yo, since such a pronunciation is typical for Nekrasov's poetics. Naturally,we do not write YO in the word FUNNY, as in FUNNY.

Grade: 2 points for each correct item.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

4 . The left column contains Czech words, and the right column- their values are in random order. Considering the family ties of the Czech and Russian languages, match the words and their meanings; justify your answer.

(Reference: in Czech, the combination of letters ch denotes a sound similar to the Russian sound [x], the letter h - the same sound as in wordswow, yeah; letter y denotes a sound similar to Russian [s];č - a sound similar to Russian [h];ž - sound similar to Russian sound [zh]).

Czech words

The meanings of these words

dorost

dotyk

dovazek

draha

hlina

hnilička

holota

hrabivost

chapadlo

chrup

overripe pear

touch

makeweight

the youth

rabble

greed

teeth

tentacle

Earth

tram

Answer:

Words Czech language	Values of these words	A comment
dorost	the youth	Wed Russian growth, grow, sprout, sprout and so on.; The idea of growth has become in the Czech language an expression of the idea of youth, youth.
dotyk	touch	Wed Russian poke, poke,which also express the idea of touch, although of a slightly different nature.
dovaž ek	makeweight	Wed Russian important,vaga‘weight, heaviness’, ‘large scales on the trading floor’, ‘thick heavy log used as a lever for lifting weights’; the word came to Slavic languages from GermanWages'scales".
drá ha	tram	Wed Russian drogues‘funeral wagon, chariot’.
hlina	Earth	Wed Russian clay.
hnilič ka	overripe pear	Wed Russian rot (rotten, rotten) ‘destroy, deteriorate, decompose’.
holota	rabble	Wed Russian barea ‘poor, ragamuffins’.
hrabivost	greed	Wed Russian rob‘take away by force in a robbery attack, ruin with extortions, bribes, penalties", robbery, robber .
chapadlo	tentacle	Wed Russian seize‘grab’
chrup	teeth	Wed Russian fragileb ‘eat, biting or gnawing with a bang.

(Č esko- Russianý slovní k. Podvedení mK. Horá lka, B. Ilka, L. Kopecké ho. Prague, 1965)

Grade:

0.5 points - for a correctly defined meaning and 0.5 points for a correctly established relationship with the words of the Russian language, that is, for a correct justification.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

5 . According to the dictionary of V.I. Dahl, the wordreverendcan be applied toholy people (holy reverend prince ), and to tools:reverend axe, reverend chisel .

Reveal the original meaning of the wordreverendin comparison with related words in modern Russian. Interpret the expressionreverend axe.

Answer:

In modern Russian, the wordreverend- single root withlike, incomparable, resemblance, likeness (befitting, befitting ), liken.

Idea similaritiesbased on the analysis of these words should be presented as a followproper, established order, pattern. Compare: properly - as it should, should, should, should ; proper - such as it is necessary, possessing a set of certain, necessary qualities ; unmatched - one that cannot be compared with a sample (compare: V.I. Dal:to which there is no similar relatively good qualities; best, excellent, incomparable, peerless ), liken - compare with what might be a sample; make a model of something.

From here: reverendwith amplifierpre-: very, very worthy, having an excess of the necessary set of internal characteristics in the relevant activity . Combination reverend ax V.I.Dal interprets howvery good, incomparable, excellent .

Grade:

3 (2+1) points - selection of related words and description of their meaning (2 points - for 1-3 words + 1 point if there are more than 3 words).

3 points - interpretation of the original meaning of the wordreverendthrough comparison with related words.

2 point - explanation of the expressionreverend ax .

Total: maximum - 8 points.

6. What is the language game based on in this sentence? How do you understand its meaning?

The girl Podzatylkina is remarkable only because she is not remarkable in any way. (A.P. Chekhov)

Answer:

This sentence plays on the ambiguity of the adjective.wonderful: 1. Outstanding, extraordinary in its qualities. // Exceptional. // Very good. 2. Noteworthy; notable. short formwonderfulused in different, opposing meanings. This is a special stylistic figure of speech (ploka). In this context, it serves to create irony.

The phrase is subject to various interpretations:

A) The girl Podzatylkina was different from the othersexceptional (outstanding) mediocrity.

B) The girl Podzatylkina was already good because she did not attract attention to herself.

C) The mediocrity of Podzatylkina is her only positive quality.

Grade:

An indication of the polysemy of an adjective - 1 b., an indication of the use of an adjective in different meanings - 1 b., a definition of the meanings of an adjective - 2 b. + 2 b., an indication of the use of a special stylistic figure - 1 b., an interpretation of the different meanings of the phrase - 3 b.

Total - 10 b.

7 . What are the meanings of the wordyard can be derived from its derivatives? Group the words according to the meanings you have highlighted.

guest palace, courtyard, courtyard, janitor, mongrel, courtyard (building), backyards, one-palace, courtyard (census), courtyard.

Answer:

1) From the word yardwordspatio, janitor, mongrel, yard (building), backyard (back yard).

2) From the word yardin meaning 2 “Peasant house with all outbuildings; a separate peasant economy "the words are formedcourtyard, single palace, backyard (census), farmstead .

3) Only one word is formed from the names of institutions, institutions (gostiny dvor, mint, inn, etc.) -hotel palace .

Grade:

For the correct distribution of all 10 words -10 b.

8. Explain why such names of characters are often found in Russian fairy tales about animals:Kotofey Ivanovich (cat), Lisafya Ivanovna (fox), Petushailo Ivanovich (rooster), Khavronya Ivanovna (pig), Mikhailo Ivanovich (bear)? What role does the word play in naming?Ivanovich ?

Answer :

A) human names (Lisafya, Khavronya, Mikhailo ), as well as anthropomorphic names of animals, likened to anthroponyms (Kotofey- Timothy, Dorotheus, Dositheus, Petushailo - Mikhailo ) in Russian fairy tales performed the functionpersonifications. They stressedallegory, allegorical meaning of the tale.

B) Word Ivanovich in the naming of animals conditionally (they did not have a father named Ivan). Russian wordIvanovich , like the word of Ukrainian originBatkovich , can replace any patronymic, compensate for its absence. Thisquasi patronymic.

B) Word Ivanovich endows animals with Russian nationality. NameIvan met in Russian calendar more than 70 times, this is the reason for its frequent use in the names of Russian people. SurnameIvanovich was also one of the most common. Wed in “Russian Tales” by A.M. Gorky: “Once upon a time there were Ivanychi - a wonderful people! What do not do with them - they are not surprised at anything!

E) Patronymic is used for respectful naming (“They call by name, and call by patronymic”). Naming animals by patronymic reflects their privileged position in the fairy-tale world.

Grade:

An indication of the heterogeneity of the "personal names" of animals (human names and the names of animals likened to them) - 1 b.,

Definition of the personification function - 1 b.,

Role in creating the allegory of a fairy tale - 1 b.,

Conditionality of patronymic in the names of animals, the function of quasi-patronymic (the term is not required) - 2 b.

The characterizing function of naming: an indication of nationality (2 b.), adulthood (1 b.), privileged position (1 b.).

Total: 9 b.

“And there was no notice from him to me, but I would send randomly about drills and chisels ...зъ ∙в̃∙mashtukama » (1698).

Translate the selected text fragment into modern Russian.Justify your answer.

Answer:

“And there was no news from him to me, so I’ll send a special [message] about drills and chisels ... with two pieces.”

The publishers of the dictionary misread the ancient text, dividing it into words incorrectly.The letter ∙в̃∙ denoted the number 2, and -mais the ending of the dual number Tv. p., as well as in the word formpiece-ma;note that writing a prepositionzreflects the living pronunciation of the writer, however, the voicing of the prepositionwithpossible only before the consonant [d], while voicing [s] before [c]in Russian it was not and is not; this also serves as an argument in favor of the fact that the first word in the selection istwo.

Grade:

for correct readingtwo things- 5 points, for indicating the meaning of the letter ∙в̃∙ - 1 point, for determining the shapething- 1 point, for phonetic argument - 3 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

10 . Determine what errors are contained in the sentences, give them an explanation and correct them.

1. Both parties signed a consensus.

2. Ikebana - a bouquet made up of dry flowers.

3. One careless step - and your foot plunged into a small puddle, which was formed by the recent rain. Now she, shiny, decorated with a yellow leaf, cheerfully smiles at the friendly sun.

5. Journalists have a lot of information.

Answer:

1. You cannot sign a consensus. Either they signed an agreement, or they came to a consensus.

2. Instead of "dry" it should have been "dried". Error in the use of paronyms.

3. Misuse of a sentence with a personal pronoun that can replace one of two words in the preceding sentence.

4. Wrong "accident cases". Cases can be, for example, diseases. Here: Accidents have become more frequent.

5. A fraction can only be small. Should: have a lot of information.

Grade:

2 points for answering each question.

Total - 10.

Grade 10

1. Decipher the anagrams of linguistic terms:

iverbaubrat

form of thunder

pathpanizuve

Indicate the term that is out of line in its meaning. Justify your answer.

Answer:

1. Abbreviation

2. Spelling

3. Onomatopoeia

4. Alphabet

Grade:

For each term 2 points, in total - no more than 8 points.

For an indication of a term that differs in meaning with justification - 2 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

2. In colloquial Russian, there are two antonyms that are pronounced in their entirety with the mouth closed. Both of them consist of two syllables, and differ from each other in the place of stress and the quality of the consonant. Give dictionary synonyms of these words. What sound occurring in one of these words is pronounced in the phrase dot all thei ? What does it serve? How does it differ from other consonants of the Russian language? Describe it as accurately as possible.

Answer:

1) These are interjections Yes And No (yes And nope).

2) In a phrase dot all thei before i a glottal stop (knaklaut) is pronounced.

3) This sound serves to prevent the assimilation of the vowel [and] in place of the letter i preceding solid consonant (so that in place i sound [s] was not pronounced: dot over s no need).

Grade:

for the answer to the first question - 2 points;

for the answer to the second question - 1 point;

for the answer to the third question - 2 points;

for the answer to the fourth question - 2 points for indicating the formation of sound not in the oral cavity, 1 point each for indicating the larynx, vocal cords, bow.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

3. Recently, there has been a tendency to distinguish letters in printed publications e And yo . Underline letters that could be typed in yo . Explain your decision.

A) And now Minerva strikes

In the tops of Riphean with a copy;

Silver and gold run out

In all your inheritance.

Pluto in the clefts is restless,

What is handed over to the Russians

Its precious metal from the mountains,

Which nature has hidden there;

(M. V. Lomonosov)

B) When there is no agreement among the comrades,

Their business will not go well.

(I. A. Krylov)

C) Green Noise is coming and going,

Green Noise, spring noise!

Like drenched in milk

There are cherry orchards,

Quietly noisy;

Warmed by the warm sun

The merry ones make noise

Pine forests;

And next to the new greenery

Babbling a new song

And the pale-leaved linden,

And white birch

With a green braid!

(N. A. Nekrasov)

D) The village where Eugene missed,

There was a lovely corner;

There's a friend of innocent pleasures

I could bless the sky.

The master's house is secluded,

Protected from the winds by a mountain,

Standing over the river...

(A. S. Pushkin)

Answer:

1. In (A), the letter Yo should not be in any word. This is an ode, the style of which did not allow reading [o] in place of E.

2. In (B), you should also not write Yo in the word GO. A fable in the 19th century no longer required an unambiguous reading [e] in place of any E, but in this case, Yo would destroy the rhyme.

Grade: 2 points for each correct item.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

4 . The left column lists Czech words, while the right column lists their meanings in no particular order. Considering the family ties of the Czech and Russian languages, match the words and their meanings; justify your answer.

(Reference: in Czech, the combination of letters ch denotes a sound similar to the Russian sound [x], the letter h is the same sound as in the words wow, yeah; the letter y denotes a sound similar to Russian [s]; č - a sound similar to Russian [h]; z - a sound similar to the Russian sound [zh]).

Answer:

Czech language	Values of these words	A comment
	the youth	Wed Russian growth, grow, sprout, sprout and so on.; The idea of growth has become in the Czech language an expression of the idea of youth, youth.
	touch	Wed Russian poke, poke, which also express the idea of touch, although of a slightly different nature.
dovazek		Wed Russian important, vaga‘weight, heaviness’, ‘large scales on the trading floor’, ‘thick heavy log used as a lever for lifting weights’; the word came to Slavic languages from German Wages'scales".
		Wed Russian drogues‘funeral wagon, chariot’.
		Wed Russian clay.
hnilička	overripe pear	Wed Russian rot (rotten, rotten) ‘destroy, deteriorate, decompose’.
		Wed Russian bare a ‘poor, ragamuffins’.
hrabivost	greed	Wed Russian rob‘take away by force in a robbery attack, ruin with extortions, bribes, penalties" , robbery, robber.
chapadlo	tentacle	Wed Russian seize‘grab'
		Wed Russian fragile b ‘eat, biting or gnawing with a bang.

(Česko-ruský slovník. Pod vedením K. Horálka, B. Ilka, L. Kopeckého. Praha, 1965)

0.5 points - for a correctly defined meaning and 0.5 points for a correctly established relationship with the words of the Russian language, that is, for a correct justification.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

5. According to the dictionary of V.I. Dahl, the word reverend can be applied to holy people (holy reverend prince), and to tools: reverend axe, reverend chisel.

Reveal the original meaning of the word reverend in comparison with related words in modern Russian. Interpret the expression reverend axe.

Answer:

In modern Russian, the word reverend- single root with like, incomparable, resemblance, likeness (befitting, befitting), liken.

Idea similarities based on the analysis of these words should be presented as a follow proper, established order, pattern. Compare: properly - as it should, should, should, should; proper - such as it is necessary, possessing a set of certain, necessary qualities; unmatched - one that cannot be compared with a sample(compare: V.I. Dal: to which there is no similar relatively good qualities; best, excellent, incomparable, peerless), liken - compare with what might be a sample; make a model of something.

From here: reverend with amplifier pre-: very, very worthy, having an excess of the necessary set of internal characteristics in the relevant activity. Combination reverend ax V.I.Dal interprets how very good, incomparable, excellent.

Grade:

3 (2+1) points - selection of related words and description of their meaning (2 points - for 1-3 words + 1 point if there are more than 3 words).

3 points - interpretation of the original meaning of the word reverend through comparison with related words.

2 point - explanation of the expression reverend ax.

Total: maximum - 8 points.

6. What is the language game based on in this sentence? How do you understand its meaning?

The girl Podzatylkina is remarkable only because she is not remarkable in any way. (A.P. Chekhov)

Answer:

This sentence plays on the ambiguity of the adjective. wonderful: 1. Outstanding, extraordinary in its qualities. // Exceptional. // Very good. 2. Noteworthy; notable. short form wonderful used in different, opposing meanings. This is a special stylistic figure of speech (ploka). In this context, it serves to create irony.

The phrase is subject to various interpretations:

A) The girl Podzatylkina differed from others in her exceptional (outstanding) mediocrity.

B) The girl Podzatylkina was already good because she did not attract attention to herself.

C) The mediocrity of Podzatylkina is her only positive quality.

Grade:

Total - 10 b.

7 . What are the meanings of the word yard can be derived from its derivatives? Group the words according to the meanings you have highlighted.

guest palace, courtyard, courtyard, janitor, mongrel, courtyard (building), backyards, one-palace, courtyard (census), courtyard.

Answer:

1) From the word yard words patio, janitor, mongrel, yard (building), backyard (back yard).

2) From the word yard in meaning 2 “Peasant house with all outbuildings; a separate peasant economy "the words are formed courtyard, single palace, backyard (census), farmstead .

3) Only one word is formed from the names of institutions, institutions (gostiny dvor, mint, inn, etc.) - hotel palace .

Grade:

For the correct distribution of all 10 words - 10 b.

8. Explain why such names of characters are often found in Russian fairy tales about animals: Kotofey Ivanovich (cat), Lisafya Ivanovna (fox), Petushailo Ivanovich (rooster), Khavronya Ivanovna (pig), Mikhailo Ivanovich (bear)? What role does the word play in naming? Ivanovich ?

Answer:

A) human names ( Lisafya, Khavronya, Mikhailo), as well as anthropomorphic names of animals, likened to anthroponyms (Kotofey - Timothy, Dorotheus, Dositheus, Petushailo - Mikhailo) in Russian fairy tales performed the function personifications. They stressed allegory, allegorical meaning of the tale.

B) Word Ivanovich in the naming of animals conditionally (they did not have a father named Ivan). Russian word Ivanovich , like the word of Ukrainian origin Batkovich , can replace any patronymic, compensate for its absence. This quasi patronymic.

B) word Ivanovich endows animals with Russian nationality. Name Ivan met in Russian calendar more than 70 times, this is the reason for its frequent use in the names of Russian people. Surname Ivanovich was also one of the most common. Wed in “Russian Tales” by A.M. Gorky: “Once upon a time there were Ivanychi - a wonderful people! What do not do with them - they are not surprised at anything!

E) Patronymic is used for respectful naming (“They call by name, and call by patronymic”). Naming animals by patronymic reflects their privileged position in the fairy-tale world.

Grade:

An indication of the heterogeneity of the "personal names" of animals (human names and the names of animals likened to them) - 1 b.,

Definition of the personification function - 1 b.,

Role in creating the allegory of a fairy tale - 1 b.,

Conditionality of patronymic in the names of animals, the function of quasi-patronymic (the term is not required) - 2 b.

The characterizing function of naming: an indication of nationality (2 b.), adulthood (1 b.), privileged position (1 b.).

Total: 9 b.

“And there was no notice from him to me, but I would send randomly about drills and chisels ... зъ ∙в̃∙mashtukama » (1698).

Translate the selected text fragment into modern Russian. Justify your answer.

Answer:

“And there was no news from him to me, so I’ll send a special [message] about drills and chisels ... with two pieces.”

The publishers of the dictionary misread the ancient text, dividing it into words incorrectly. The letter ∙в̃∙ denoted the number 2, and - ma is the ending of the dual number Tv. p., as well as in the word form piece-ma; note that writing a preposition z reflects the living pronunciation of the writer, however, the voicing of the preposition with it is possible only before the consonant [d], while the voicing [s] before [v] in the Russian language was not and is not; this also serves as an argument in favor of the fact that the first word in the selection is two.

Grade:

for correct reading two things- 5 points, for indicating the meaning of the letter ∙в̃∙ - 1 point, for determining the shape thing- 1 point, for phonetic argument - 3 points.

Total: maximum - 10 points.

10 . Determine what errors are contained in the sentences, give them an explanation and correct them.

1. Both parties signed a consensus.

2. Ikebana - a bouquet made up of dried flowers.

3. One careless step - and your foot plunged into a small puddle, which was formed by the recent rain. Now she, shiny, decorated with a yellow leaf, cheerfully smiles at the friendly sun.

5. Journalists have a lot of information.

Answer:

1. You cannot sign a consensus. Either they signed an agreement, or they came to a consensus.

2. Instead of "dry", it should have been "dried". Error in the use of paronyms.

3. Misuse of a sentence with a personal pronoun that can replace one of two words in the previous sentence.

4. Wrong "accident cases". Cases can be, for example, diseases. Here: Accidents have become more frequent.

5. A fraction can only be small. Should: have a lot of information.

2 points for answering each question.

Total - 10.

Grade 11

Tasks for the Regional Stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for Schoolchildren in the Russian Language

Question #1

Participants must demonstrate mastery of the orthoepic norms of Russian literary language.

What vowel sound (or what vowel sounds), in accordance with the norms of the modern Russian literary language, is impossible (impossible) in the unstressed syllable of the word highway?

What other sound is possible in the same position?

Question #2

Participants must demonstrate knowledge of the modern orthographic norm and be able to justify it from a historical point of view.

Explain the spelling of the underlined letters in the following words:

Disappear, bag, slum.

What is unique about these writings?

Question #3

Participants must show knowledge of the semantic system of the modern Russian literary language.

Everyone knows that verbs in Russian are perfect and imperfect. This, in particular, means that, for example, the phrases May I enter? and May I enter? will have slightly different meanings. Here are two situations. Determine in which situation which of the proposed phrases is more appropriate and explain why this is so.

A. Schoolchildren at recess stand in front of the door of an empty classroom, in which the next lesson should take place. The bell rings. Then the head of the class, pushed by classmates, opens the door slightly and asks the teacher sitting inside: “Can I ...?”

B. Schoolchildren are sitting in the classroom, there is a lesson. Suddenly the door opens slightly, and the (unkempt) head of a late boy pokes its way in. He says: “Sorry, I overslept. Can...?"

Question #4

Participants must show a basic awareness of the origin and history of words. As examples, words with a fairly transparent etymology are chosen, for example, with homonymous roots of different origin.

The Russian language has the words story and lime. If you open the reference literature on etymology, then it will be possible to read in it that one of them is of Slavic origin, and the other is a borrowing from Greek. Is it even possible to guess which of these words is native and which is borrowed even without looking into dictionaries and reference books? And if so, how?

Question #5

Participants must demonstrate awareness of the historical development of the word's lexical meaning. As examples, fragments of Old Russian or Church Slavonic texts containing words with an outdated meaning are selected.

In the Church Slavonic Psalter we read:

let's not be afraid, the earth is always embarrassed

What does the verb to be embarrassed mean in this context?

Question #6

Participants must demonstrate knowledge of the speech norms of the Russian language and an understanding of their conditionality by the language system.

Which of the following examples use homonyms as the basis of a conscious word game?

a) The people were, the people are, the people will eat.

b) You see Gavrilov on the screen in a beautiful combination.

c) An athlete with his marksmanship hit not only targets,

but also the audience.

d) You can't spend a vacation: it always ends on time.

1) a, b, c, d;

Question #7

Participants must demonstrate skills in synchronic and diachronic morphemic and word-formation analysis. As examples, it is recommended to select words with a darkened, but tangible inner form.

Analyze the morphemic structure of words from a modern and historical point of view:

almost, hackneyed, reliable, miserly.

Question #8

Participants must show knowledge of Russian phraseology and the ability to analyze the functioning of phraseological units in a literary text.

Give brief description each group set expressions taken from the poems of Joseph Brodsky, and restore their original form:

1) walked along the edge of a knife; about the philosophical diamond;

2) a close relative; non-wheeled transport; after us, of course,

not a flood, but not a drought either;

3) lies like a gray gelding; pretty ink; interrogation sign;

bird language;

4) triangle of love; with a face of stone; blind chickens; pass the

through the eye of the needle.

Question #9

Participants must show knowledge of the morphological system of the Russian language, the ability to explain the features of the use of grammatical forms in different genres and styles of speech.

Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, the hero of N.V. Gogol's story "The Overcoat", once had to make another from one document: "The point was only to change the title title and change in some places the verbs from the first person to the third."

What alteration of the document are we talking about and how does its genre change?

Question #10

Participants must show knowledge of the syntactic system of the Russian language and the ability to analyze syntactic phenomena of increased complexity.

What punctuation options does the sentence have

Did he leave the room energetic, fresh, cheerful, joyful?

Specify these options with punctuation marks. Give a syntactic comment for each option.

Question #11

Participants must show awareness in the field of the history of Russian linguistics.

Explain the principles by which the next seven words are chosen and arranged.

children, children, children, children, about children! not right. children, children, about children<...>

diabetes [beat]<...>

diagnosis! hit. the diagnosis is outdated.<...>

dialogue! hit. dialogue is outdated.<...>

Dianetics [ne]<...>

porcupine! not right. porcupine<...>

long [nn] and long [nn]<...>

What is the name of the dictionary they were taken from?

What are these dictionaries for?

Oh. M. KRAINIK

Preparing students of grades 1X-X1 for Russian language olympiads

Stylistics. A culture of speech

Task I. Before you is an excerpt from a poem by E. A. Baratynsky. What is the name of this poem? Why do you think so? Give an analysis of the artistic means by which the image of the natural phenomenon described in the poem is created.

As enchanted, I stand Above your smoky abyss And, it seems, I understand with my heart Your wordless speech.

Task 2. With the help of what a comic effect is created in the sentence: A dog is fundamentally different from a person in that it cannot bark.

Task 3. From the verbs below, form the literary form of the 2nd person singular. imperative mood numbers, put the accent.

Notify, go, propitiate, withdraw, pluck, glue, whip.

Task 4. Stylistic devices based on the figurative meaning of words are used in the above sentences. Name these techniques, reveal their role in each sentence.

1) I read Apuleius willingly, but I did not read Cicero. (Pushkin).

2) Where, where have you gone, my golden days of spring? (He is).

3) The ruby flame of wine fluctuated in the old decanter. (M. Gorky).

Continuation. For the beginning, see: RYASH. - 2012. - No. S-7.

Task S. List what features of the official business style are parodied, creating a comic effect in an excerpt from M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita". What document violations have you noticed?

I beg you to give me a certificate,” Nikolai Ivanovich began, looking around wildly, but with great persistence, “about where I spent the previous night.

For what subject? the cat asked sternly.

On the subject of introducing the police and his wife, - Nikolai Ivanovich said firmly.

We usually do not give certificates, - the cat answered, frowning, - but for you, so be it, we will make an exception.

And before Nikolai Ivanovich had time to come to his senses, naked Hella was already sitting at the typewriter, and the cat was dictating to her:

I hereby certify that the bearer of this, Nikolai Ivanovich, spent the aforementioned night at Satan's ball, being brought there as a means of transportation ... put a bracket, Gella! Write "boar" in brackets. Signature - Behemoth.

And the number? squeaked Nikolai Ivanovich.

We don’t put numbers, with the number the paper will become invalid, ”the cat answered, waved the paper, obtained a seal from somewhere, breathed on it in accordance with all the rules, stamped the word “paid” on the paper and handed the paper to Nikolai Ivanovich. After that, Nikolai Ivanovich disappeared without a trace.

Task 6. Here is a pun phrase. What linguistic phenomenon is used

Oh Sicilian paradise! Oranges, grapefruits, grenades, machine guns, pistols! (M. Mishin).

Task 7. What figurative and expressive means of language in the proposed passage emphasize the worthlessness of the existence of a lyrical hero? Write your answer in the form of a reasoning on a linguistic topic.

He longed for freedom and peace, And the years went something like this, Like clouds over the workshop, Where his workbench hunched.

(Pasternak).

Task 8. Imagine that you are a literary editor. Check the examples below for one of the most important requirements for any text - semantic accuracy - and indicate, if any, errors.

2) At the exam, he mixed up not only all the myths, but also the names of ancient heroes and gods.

3) Uncomfortable in the assembly shop, it is in disrepair.

4) From the end of the VI century BC. the flow of Greek tourists rushed to Egypt.

5) Champions today are unrecognizable, they play excellently.

6) Both parties signed a consensus.

7) Ikebana - a bouquet made up of dry flowers.

8) One careless step - and your foot plunged into a small puddle, which was formed by the recent rain. Now she, shiny, decorated with a yellow leaf, cheerfully smiles at the friendly sun.

9) According to the Hydrometeorological Center, during these three days a monthly rainfall fell in the capital. The raging elements paralyzed traffic in the center of the capital. Accidents have become more frequent.

10) Journalists have a lot of information.

Task 9. What do you know about such a phenomenon as a language game? Comment on the ways of the language game in the sentences below. Explanation

Think of the mechanism on the basis of which the play on language units is built.

1) The oligarch does not fall far from the oligarch.

2) Bury your money in the Savings Bank.

3) One head is good, but with brains it is better. 4) Schroeder does not give ist fantastic. 5) The best way out of the Russian crisis is Sheremetyevo-2.

Task 10. In the book of V. V. Katanyan “Lilya Brik. Life ”about the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky we read: ... He leaned back in his chair, stretched his legs out from under the table and kindly asked - what did he owe the visit to? Is there an error in this snippet?

Task 1. The poem is called "Waterfall". Sample analysis:

1) Metaphor smoky abyss. There is an image of something deep, without a bottom, and immediately an association with water, because only water can create a curtain of “smoke” from drops, splashes.

2) Comparison as enchanted, standing over your smoky abyss allows you to imagine a picture of an all-consuming element, its unpredictability.

3) The combination of your verbless speech suggests “speech without words”. An ancient verb is "to speak". Speech without words can only be realized by sounds. The fall of water from a height is just accompanied by such sounds that are similar to a flowing stream of speech.

4) The verb imagines confirms the fact that the "speech" of the waterfall is impossible to understand. One can only admire the uncontrollable element, imagining oneself next to it.

Task 2. Bark - bark (straight); scold, scold (trans., pro-linguistic). Bark (colloquial) - scold, swear. It is used only with animate nouns, denoting persons who can speak. The comic effect is created due to the convergence of the direct and figurative meanings of words.

Task 3.

Notify - notify (m); go - go; propitiate - propitiate; bring out - bring out; pluck - pluck; glue - glue; spit out - spit out.

Task 4.

1) I read Apuleius willingly, but I didn’t read Cicero - metonymic transfer; metonymy allows in a generalized (shorter)

form to speak both about the individual works of these authors, and about their work as a whole, in general about the existence of these writers, about the attitude towards their work.

2) Where, where have you gone, my golden days of spring - a paraphrase; spring - youth (time of flowering, joy, life), gold (golden) - happy, beautiful; This paraphrase highlights the essential signs of youth, youth.

3) The ruby flame of wine fluctuated in the old decanter - a metaphorical transfer, a metaphor; the hidden comparison of wine and flame creates an image of a mysterious (old) wine that can light a fire inside the soul of wine, the ruby color speaks of the depth of feelings and emotions. Such wine induces memories, awakens hidden passions.

Task S. The main features of the official business style, which are parodied in a literary text, create a comic effect:

1) the use of specific vocabulary, stable stamps and clichés (for the purpose of presenting the police and the wife, I hereby certify that the bearer of this is involved as);

2) concretization, clarification (hogs);

3) the presence of a signature.

Violations of the rules:

1) the wrong name of the document (such a document should be called a certificate, not a certificate);

2) discrepancy between the seal and the form of the document;

3) the presence of an error in the word (* paid *, normatively paid);

4) the absence of a number (the document is valid only if there is a number).

The comic effect is created by an attempt to describe with standard document extremely unusual situation.

Task 6. The pun is based on such a linguistic phenomenon as lexical homonymy. The word pomegranate has two meanings: I) southern fruit; 2) a throwing exploding projectile. The inclusion of the word grenade in the center of the listed row creates the so-called effect of deceived expectation: the row begins with the names of fruits, and ends with a list of types of weapons. This is how irony is expressed in a laconic linguistic form: the Sicilian paradise is the hell of mafia showdowns.

Task 7. The student should note the following means:

1) the antithesis of the 1st line and the last three with the help of the union a and bright lexical oppositions (thirsty, peace - elevated / workshop, hunched - lowered.);

2) comparison of years. how the cloud emphasizes the transience of being. Moreover, will and peace can be correlated with clouds: the latter are subject to the wind (not free) and are always running somewhere, i.e. life goes by itself lyrical hero does not affect it;

3) the personification of a hunched workbench crosses out the word craves. Life and vanity are more important, more important, they gradually “eat up” a person.

Task 8. The following errors were made in the sentences:

1) The word decade means "a period of time lasting 10 days." The sentence refers to a period of 5 days.

2) The ancient gods do not and cannot have surnames.

3) Unsuccessful, inaccurate use of the word uncomfortable.

4) Incorrect use of the word tourists in relation to the designated period of time.

5) The use of the phrase unrecognizable today gives the whole sentence the wrong meaning (it seems that the champions used to play badly).

6) You cannot sign a consensus. Either they signed an agreement, or they came to a consensus.

7) Error in the use of paronyms. Instead of arid, it should have been dried.

8) Incorrect use of a sentence with a personal pronoun (she), which can replace one of the two words in the previous sentence (leg or puddle?).

9) Wrong expression accident cases. Cases can be, for example, diseases. Here, accidents have become more frequent.

10) Incorrect use of the word fraction (it can only be small). Should: own big amount information.

BUBNOVA G.I. - 2008

BILINGUAL OLYMPIAD "POLYGLOT"

ANISCHENKO NATALIA ANATOLYEVNA, BELOUS ANNA BORISOVNA, ROKUNOVA OKSANA EVGENEVNA - 2013

ON THE RESULTS OF THE FINAL STAGE OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN SCHOOLCHILDREN OLYMPIAD IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE IN 2009

Belov A.M., Grigoriev A.V. - 2010

ALL-RUSSIAN FOREIGN LANGUAGE OLYMPIAD "TEACHER OF THE SCHOOL OF THE FUTURE"

BAZHANOV ALEXANDER EVGENIEVICH, NIKOLAEVA VICTORIA VYACHESLAVOVNA - 2014

For the Olympiads, Olympiad tasks in the Russian language (Grade 10) on the topic. For the Olympiads Olympiad tasks in the Russian language (Grade 10) on the topic Data from registers

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The textbook can be useful to students of all economic specialties studying the disciplines "Labor Economics" and "Labor Economics and Sociology". Table of contents

Operation and repair of process pipelines under pressure up to 10.0 MPa 100 kgf/cm

Control questions and tasks (2)

Practical psychology

Textbook for students studying in the specialties 060400 "Finance and Credit", 060500 "Accounting, Analysis and Audit", 060600 "World Economy" Moscow id fbk-press 2002