Accumulative sewerage in a private house. Sewer containers for summer cottages: the best solution to a complex problem. Buying the best plastic container for a septic tank for sewage: the price of products

For sewerage. What are they not built from? Concrete rings, cinder block, old car tires, metal and plastic containers, ready-made factory septic tanks are used. In general, each person uses everything that is at hand for construction, and they are installed both in the country house and in a private house.

In a small cottage, with a small number of people living, it is advisable to install a storage tank and connect a sewer to it. Due to the low water consumption, the capacity will be enough for a small sewer, and it will not be difficult to install it. In this article, let's look at how the storage tank for sewage is installed.

Types of storage tanks

The storage tank is designed to collect and store drain water from the sewer with subsequent pumping. Basically, metal or plastic barrels are used for these purposes. In the absence of such, the container can be built from concrete rings, cinder block, car tires. Only in this case will it be necessary to perform sealing well so that wastewater does not seep into the ground.

Choosing a place for a container

When choosing a location for the installation of a tank, first of all, provide for a free entrance to the sewer truck. After all, sooner or later the filled container will have to be pumped out. It is better to install it below the level of the house on the back side and not far from the foundation. The distance should be no more than 5 m. If it is not possible to place the container at such a distance, then an additional manhole will have to be installed on the sewer between the house and the container. In the house, install a tank full alarm sensor in order to pump out on time.

Installation of storage tanks

Installing a container from different materials comes down to one thing: you have to dig a hole. But the installation is slightly different due to the use of different materials:

To install a container metal barrels dig a hole with a diameter slightly larger than the barrel. To increase the volume of the container, the barrels can be vertically welded to each other. And leave the bottom only in the lower barrel. The depth of the pit is measured by the height of all welded barrels. Pour a 10-15 cm sand cushion at the bottom of the pit. As you know, metal tends to rust and rot. Therefore, in order to protect the structure from exposure to water, cover the barrels with bitumen or paint before installation. Install the finished container in the pit. In the side of the barrel where the sewer pipe will enter, cut a hole according to the diameter of the pipe. Insert the pipe into the barrel, and seal the joint with sealant. Now you can fill up the gap between the walls of the barrel with a pit. As the soil falls asleep, tamp each layer after about 25 cm. Cover the container with a hatch on top.
The installation of a container of concrete rings is carried out on a pre-concreted bottom of the pit. Lower the concrete rings with a truck crane into the pit and seal all joints with silicone or cement-based sealant. You make waterproofing of the outer walls of the rings, supply sewage, fill the gap between the walls of the tank and the pit with earth. Lay a reinforced concrete cover with a hatch on top. It should be above the ground.
Installing a plastic container is carried out according to the same principle. Dig a hole larger than the container, about 10-15 cm on each side. Measure the depth to the neck. It must be above ground. The bottom of the pit can be made from a sand cushion, as mentioned above, but there is one problem - plastic is a fairly light material, so in spring, with a rise ground water, the container may be pushed out of the ground. The best option bottom for plastic container concrete can be used. The bottom of the pit is concreted together with anchors. When the concrete hardens, install the container by tying it with straps to the anchors. Connect the sewer and seal the pipe inlet. Backfill in layers of 20-30 cm. As you fill, fill the container with water so that the pressure of the earth does not crush the soft walls of the plastic. You can fill it with a mixture of sand (6 parts) and cement (1 part), tamping each layer. Put a lid on the neck of the container, and the job is done.
To build a container of brick or cinder block, dig a hole in the shape of the future container. Concrete the bottom, and lay out the walls in a checkerboard pattern. You make waterproofing of walls with hot bitumen both inside and outside. You make a sewer supply, and fill the gaps with earth. From above, the container can be covered with sheet metal or knocked down wooden shields.
A small storage capacity can be built from old car tires. When laying them on top of each other, pour bitumen between them to seal.

Note! Currently, there is a lot of interest in horizontal plastic containers. They are equipped inside with partitions with overflow holes. After passing through several compartments, the filtered water can be drained into the ground. This type of container is installed in the same way as a conventional plastic container, but with the obligatory fastening with straps to a concrete slab.

As you can see, installing a storage tank is a fairly simple process and is within the power of every owner of his yard. The best option for installation from the containers described above is plastic. It is lightweight, compact, easy to transport, and most importantly, it has the longest service life. Watch the installation video below and follow the instructions to get started.

Video

This video shows how a sewer tank was buried and insulated on the site:

Almost every owner of a summer house or a private house is faced with the problem of sewer disposal. After all, connect to central system is not always possible. Remoteness from the city, the high cost of connection, the lack of a centralized system are the main reasons why it becomes necessary to install individual tanks for collecting liquid waste. Primitive cesspools, outdoor toilet are rapidly disappearing into the past. Modern man seeks to live in comfort, creating special conditions for living.
Each person can create comfortable conditions independently. Installation of modern plastic systems allows you to do all the work simply and quickly.

Application of sewer systems

The use of plastic containers on your site allows you to solve the problem of collecting used water to the best extent. In addition, their installation has a beneficial effect on the environment, because wastewater does not enter the soil. Most sites are located in areas with shallow groundwater flow. In such places, it is very easy for sewage waste to get into a river, well or spring. Under such conditions, building a cesspool is not only difficult, but often impossible.
It is the capacity for sewerage that solves this problem. It is able to improve the performance of the drain system and allows you to use the toilet and bathroom in the house without any inconvenience.
Functional products can be installed as storage tanks. Periodically, such containers need special cleaning. Also, with the help of containers, you can mount a whole system of septic tanks with special filters installed. Passing a multifaceted purification, already purified water will fall into the soil. Each of the methods has its own advantages and can be implemented on any site.

Features of storage tanks

Sewer tanks accumulative type to create an autonomous system are made of heavy-duty plastic or fiberglass. They have high performance characteristics:

durable and reliable in use;
light weight, allowing them to be mounted on any type of soil;
sealed;
have a long period of operation;
do not interact with the environment and do not react to temperature changes;
just mounted.

The volume of plastic tanks should be selected depending on the amount of water used. Such an option is ideal solution for a few families who use running water more economically. Experts recommend for the perfect use of the system to pump out the tanks twice a year. For example, for a family of 3 people who consume up to 150 liters of water daily, a tank with a capacity of 6 cubic meters is suitable. But many play it safe by installing a sewer tank a few cubes more.
A plastic tank should be purchased before you start digging a hole. Having exact dimensions products, you can dig a beautiful recess that allows you to accurately install the tank. As a rule, it is buried to the depth of the soil, which is not subject to freezing in winter.
For a summer residence in which there are no permanent residents, you can install plastic tanks of much smaller sizes. Many summer residents prefer tanks in 2 cubic meters. Such capacity is pumped out after the end of the summer season.

Pros and cons of storage tanks

The advantages of storage tanks include:

resistance to mechanical damage. Even after many years, such a tank is not subject to cracking, corrosion and corrosive environment;
long period of operation, which is up to 50 years;
simple installation that does not require special equipment;
absence of bureaucratic litigation. Installing a standalone system does not require registration;
use on any soil;
sealed for reliable protection environment from the ingress of sewage into the ground;
acceptable product cost.

The main disadvantage of storage tanks is the need to pump out. Such containers are emptied with the help of special sewage trucks at intervals of a year. In addition, the disadvantage is the fact that a special vehicle requires an entrance to carry out the pumping of the tank.

Features of the septic tank

A septic tank is a multifunctional water purification system. With the help of filters installed in it at the outlet, you can get absolutely clean water, which will not adversely affect the soil, polluting it with waste. Special aerobic bacteria help to purify the water in the septic tank. The principle of operation of the system is to repeatedly pour wastewater from tank to tank:

wastewater enters a tank with bacteria that process waste into clean water;
purified water passes into the next compartment and settles there;
the accumulated settled water is poured into a perforated pipe, through which it seeps into the soil.

With such a system, you can get absolutely pure water at the outlet. The degree of its purification directly depends on the number of tanks for purification and the work of bacteria. Today you can buy a variety of systems. The market offers a choice of one-two- and three-chamber systems.
When choosing a container for such a system, it is necessary to calculate the 3-day water consumption. For example, for three residents with a daily water use of 150 liters, an airtight tank of 2 cubic meters is ideal.

Pros and cons of septic tanks

The advantages of septic tanks include:

tightness, due to which sewage sewage does not enter the soil;
do not require connection to electricity;
resistance to mechanical damage and destruction;
the use of anaerobic bacteria, thanks to which absolutely pure water enters the soil;
long period of operation;
can be used long time without purification.

The disadvantages of septic tanks include:

use only in soil with a high filtration coefficient;
has a higher cost;
installation is carried out after agreement with the sanitary and epidemiological station;
more complex installation than storage tanks.

Choice of plastic tanks

A plastic container must be chosen according to individual water consumption and the number of family members. For small families, tanks of small volumes are suitable, respectively. Today you can buy a tank of various shapes. Horizontal and vertical tanks of cylindrical or rectangular shape. They can also have one or two layer walls. The correct selection of a plastic tank ensures the smooth operation of the entire system, which is why when choosing, you should pay attention to:

product volume. Before you go shopping, it is recommended to calculate the required values;
the availability of components that allow you to mount the sewer system especially quickly and easily. For example, the presence of special floats allows you to control the level of sewage in the tank;
purpose of the container. Very often there are cases when, instead of a waste container, sellers try to “push” a water tank. Such tanks are not suitable for sewer installation. They have thin walls, which over time begin to let sewage into the ground.

When installing an autonomous sewer system, experts recommend paying attention to the type of soil. So, for example, for clay soils it is most effective to install storage tanks, since such soil will not pass the filtered water of their septic tanks. Also, this option is not suitable for those areas where groundwater is too close. The effect of such a natural phenomenon from the installation of a septic tank will be quite the opposite: groundwater will enter the filters and fill the tank. The system simply won't work.
An autonomous sewer system allows you to simply solve the problem with drainage in the country. That is why it is very popular among summer residents who prefer comfort and convenience. Sewerage in the house allows you to enjoy your vacation in the country and live in familiar conditions.

To make life in the country comfortable, it is necessary to carry out the main communications - plumbing and sewerage. On suburban areas often there is no centralized sewerage network, so each owner of the house solves the problem on his own. Periodic use of the dwelling does not require the installation of expensive and complex equipment, it is enough to arrange a septic tank.

Often in summer cottages, the function of collecting wastewater is performed by a cesspool. If the house is not equipped with a plumbing system, this option is fully justified, but with the installation of plumbing fixtures and a large volume of drained water, it is not enough. In this article we will talk about how to make a sewer in the country with your own hands. different ways(from concrete rings, barrels, without pumping out), as well as demonstrate diagrams, drawings, photo and video instructions.

Sewerage should be built according to the developed project, including schemes for external and internal piping.

Two-chamber septic tank

The most convenient is the installation of a collector of two chambers connected by an overflow pipe. Let's find out how to arrange it yourself.

Work begins with digging a pit in a place chosen taking into account all sanitary requirements. The volume of the structure depends on the number of people living in the country. You can dig a pit manually or with an excavator.
At the bottom of the pit, a sand cushion up to 15 cm high is formed. The depth of the pit is 3 meters.
It is necessary to install formwork from boards or chipboard. The design must be reliable. Next, a reinforcing belt is formed from metal rods tied with steel wire.
It is necessary to make two holes in the formwork and insert pipe trimmings. These will be places for the entrance of the sewer line and the overflow pipe between the sections.
The formwork is poured with concrete, which is distributed throughout the entire volume with the help of a vibrating tool. The design of the septic tank must be monolithic, so it is advisable to fill the entire formwork at a time.
In the first compartment, the bottom is poured with concrete, a sealed section is formed, it will serve as a sump. Here, the wastewater will be divided into solid coarse fractions that sink to the bottom, and clarified water that overflows into the adjacent section. For better decomposition of solid residues, aerobic bacteria can be purchased.
The second compartment is made without a bottom; it can be made not only from monolithic walls, but also using concrete rings with a diameter of 1–1.5 meters, stacked on top of each other. The bottom of the well is covered with a thick layer sedimentary rock(crushed stone, pebbles, gravel) for filtering wastewater.
An overflow pipe is laid between the two sections. It is installed at an angle of 30 mm on running meter. In height, the pipe is located in the upper third of the wells. The number of sections is not necessarily limited to two; a four-section septic tank can be made to provide better cleaning.
The overlap of the septic tank is made independently, using formwork and concrete, or ready-made reinforced concrete slabs. Be sure to arrange a hatch that allows you to control the filling of sections and exhaust. The pit is filled with sand and selected soil. The sump of such a system will be cleaned every 2-3 years.

Due to the ease of installation, many summer residents prefer to make a septic tank from concrete rings.

If the soil in the area is clayey or groundwater is very close to the surface, it will not work to arrange a septic tank of this design. You can stop at a sealed container of sufficient volume, securely installed and fixed to a concrete slab in the pit.

Another option is a biological treatment plant. Local stations are convenient and efficient, they are indispensable for suburban buildings of a large area. Specialists are engaged in the installation and launch of the device, the cost of such a station is acceptable for a narrow circle of summer residents.

External line laying

From the exit sewer pipe from the house to the septic tank, it is necessary to lay a pipeline. The main line must lie at a slope providing the flow of polluted water. The larger the diameter of the pipes you use, the smaller the angle of inclination required for their operation, on average it is 2 degrees. The depth of the trench for laying pipes should be greater than the amount of winter freezing of the soil. If the trench is shallow, provide thermal insulation for the line.

The average depth for laying sewers is 1 meter, in warm regions it is enough to go down by 70 cm, and in cold regions you will need to dig a pit up to 1.5 meters. The bottom of the dug hole is covered with a dense cushion of compacted sand. This procedure will protect the pipes from soil displacement.

The best option would be to lay a direct pipeline to the collector. If necessary, make a turn, this place is equipped with a manhole. For the line, you can use plastic and cast iron pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, their connection must be tight. After installation, the pipeline is covered with sand, and then with soil.

The design, which does not require regular pumping of sewage, consists of several tanks operating simultaneously. It can be two / three-chamber septic tanks. The first tank is used as a sump. It is the largest in size. In two-chamber septic tanks, the sump occupies ¾ of the structure, and in three-chamber ½. Here, a preliminary treatment of wastewater takes place: heavy fractions settle, and light fractions are poured into the next compartment as the first one is filled. In the last part of the septic tank, the final post-treatment of wastewater takes place. The water is then directed to the filtration fields/drainage well.

The first 2 compartments must be sealed. The last chamber has holes in the walls/bottom. Thus, purified water seeps into the ground, which helps to avoid the systematic pumping of waste without causing irreparable damage to the soil.

It is worth considering that in wastewater, in addition to organic matter, there are also insoluble impurities. In view of this, such a design will also have to be periodically pumped out in order to get rid of the sediment that accumulates in the sump. This can be done with a fecal / drainage pump. The frequency of maintenance of a septic tank depends entirely on the size / volume / composition of wastewater.

For the independent construction of such a septic tank, you need to correctly calculate its volume. It depends on the water consumption of your household. The norm of water consumption per person is 200 liters per day. So, multiplying this amount by the number of households, you will get the daily rate of water consumption in the house. Add another 20% to the resulting figure.

18 m 3. In this case, you need a septic tank that has a depth and length of 3 m each, and a width of 2 m. Multiplying all sides, you get 18 m 3. Minimum distance from the bottom of the septic tank to the drain pipe - 0.8 m.

The advantage of the treatment system is that the sludge is processed by anaerobic bacteria, as a result of which it settles to the bottom in a much smaller volume. Gradually, this sediment thickens and rises. When the sludge reaches the overflow level, the septic tank must be immediately cleaned. The septic tank needs to be cleaned infrequently. This is due to the fact that the volume of sludge for 6 months will be from 60 to 90 liters.

Volatile septic tanks have built-in pumping units. Their non-volatile analogues should be cleaned manually or using sewage equipment.

However, not so long ago, biological preparations with special enzymes appeared, processing sludge into acid, and then into methane and carbon dioxide. To remove these gases, you just need to install ventilation in the septic tank. Thus, your septic tank will become an absolutely waste-free, safe and energy-independent treatment plant.

Bacteria need to be "fed" with oxygen for greater efficiency of their work. Tanks for a septic tank can be bought or made independently.

Before installation finished construction septic tank, it is necessary to determine a suitable place for this. The minimum distance between the septic tank and the house is 5 m. The sewer pipes leaving the house should go directly to the septic tank. Turning the pipeline is best avoided, because it is in such places that blockages form.

The septic tank should not be installed near trees, as their roots can damage the integrity of the body. The depth of the septic tank and sewer pipes directly depends on the level of soil freezing.

If groundwater is close to the surface, then reinforce the bottom of the pit with a concrete slab / screed. The size of the pit will depend on the size of the septic tank. If you have to install a compact structure, then it is easier to dig a pit manually in order to save money.

The pit should be slightly wider than the septic tank body. The gaps between the walls and the ground should be at least 20 cm, and preferably more. If there is no need to strengthen the bottom, then you should still lay a sand cushion 15 cm thick (meaning the thickness of compacted sand).

The top of the septic tank should rise above the ground. Otherwise, melt water in the spring will flood the equipment of the device.

After installing the base of the pit, lower the septic tank into it. This can be done with the help of cables placed in the stiffeners of the septic tank. In this case, you can not do without an assistant. Next, connect the device to communications, after digging trenches for pipes, laying a sand cushion and installing pipes. They should be laid under a slight slope - 1-2 cm per linear meter. Pipe laying is carried out to a depth of approximately 70–80 cm.

The septic tank should be installed strictly according to the level. It will work better in a horizontal position.

To connect the sewer pipe to the septic tank, a hole of the appropriate diameter should be made in it. This is done according to the instructions for the cleaning system. After that, you need to weld the pipe to the hole. To solve this problem, you will need a polypropylene cord and a building hair dryer. When the pipe has cooled down, it will be possible to insert a sewer pipe into it.

If you are connecting a volatile septic tank, then after these steps you need to connect the electrical cable. It is carried out from the shield to a separate machine. It must be laid in a special corrugated pipe and placed in the same trench as the sewer pipe. The septic tank has special holes with stamps. Connect a cable to them.

If the level of soil freezing in your area is large enough, then insulate the septic tank. Any heater can be thermal insulation material which can be used for laying in the ground.

After completing the connection of electricity and pipes, the septic tank should be covered with soil. This is done in layers of 15–20 cm. To equalize the pressure in the process of backfilling the soil, water must be poured into the septic tank. In this case, the water level should be slightly higher than the backfill level of the pit. So, gradually the entire septic tank will be underground.

If you are not satisfied with the finished plastic autonomous system for wastewater treatment, due to its size or cost, then you can make a septic tank from several compartments yourself. An excellent inexpensive material for the implementation of the plan is concrete rings. You can do all the work yourself.

Among the advantages of a septic tank from reinforced concrete rings, we note the following:

Affordable price.
Unpretentiousness during operation.
The ability to perform work without the help of specialists.

Of the shortcomings, the following deserve attention:

The presence of an unpleasant odor. It is impossible to make the structure absolutely airtight, and therefore the formation of an unpleasant odor near the septic tank cannot be avoided.
The need to clean the chambers from solid waste using sewage equipment.

It is possible to reduce the frequency of the need to pump out a septic tank if bioactivators are used. They reduce the amount of solid fractions due to the fact that they accelerate the process of their decomposition.

If the installation of the rings is illiterate, then the septic tank will be leaky, which will increase the risk of untreated sewage penetrating into the ground. But, with proper installation, the septic tank will be airtight, so this drawback of the system is rightfully called conditional.

The scheme for the construction of a septic tank, as a rule, includes 1-2 chambers designed for settling and treating wastewater and a filtration field / filter well.

If few people live in your house and a minimum of plumbing devices are connected to the sewer, then you can easily get by with a septic tank, consisting of one sump and a filter well. And vice versa, if you have many households and many devices are connected to the sewer, then it is better to make a septic tank from two chambers and a filtration well.

How to calculate the required volume for a septic tank has already been described above. According to building codes, the septic tank chamber must accommodate a three-day volume of wastewater. The volume of the reinforced concrete ring is 0.62 m3, which means that in order to build a septic tank for 5 people, you will need a sump of five rings. Where did this amount come from? For 5 people, you need a septic tank with a volume of 3 m 3. This figure must be divided by the volume of the ring, equal to 0.62 m 3. You will get a value of 4.83. It needs to be rounded up, which means that in order to equip a septic tank in this particular case, you will need 5 rings.

The pit must be of such a size that it can accommodate the septic tank chambers and the filter well. These works, of course, can be done manually, but it is long and very difficult, so it is more cost-effective to order digging a pit from a company with earthmoving equipment.

The bottom of the pit at the installation site of the sedimentation chambers must be concreted in order to avoid the possibility of penetration of untreated effluents into the ground. Before starting concrete work, it is necessary to drain a part of the bottom of the pit for the installation of sedimentation tanks, laying a sand cushion on it, with a layer of 30–50 cm.

If you do not want to concrete the bottom, then you can purchase reinforced concrete rings with a dull bottom. They will need to be installed first in a vertical row.

The place for the filter well also requires the preparation of the base. Under it, you need to make a pillow of sand, crushed stone and gravel with a thickness of at least 50 cm.

To install the rings, you will have to order the services of lifting equipment. It is very difficult to perform these tasks manually. You can, of course, install the rings by digging under the bottom ring. But this method is labor intensive. Yes, and the bottom will have to be filled after the installation of the last ring, which will entail a number of inconveniences. In view of this, it is better not to save on ordering lifting equipment.

Typically, the rings are fastened together with a solution, but for greater structural reliability, they can be fastened with metal plates or staples. In this case, your septic tank will not suffer due to ground movement.

Now it's time to organize an overflow, and for this you need to bring pipes to the rings. It is better that they work on the principle of a water seal, that is, they must be installed with a bend.

To seal the joints, you need to use a solution with an aqua barrier. From the outside, the tanks must be treated with coating or built-up waterproofing.

Another option is to purchase plastic cylinders installed inside the well. In this case, the likelihood of dirty water ingress will be minimized.

Installation of ceilings / backfill

Finished wells must be covered with special concrete slabs, in which holes are provided for mounting sewer manholes. Ideally, the backfill of the excavation should be carried out with soil with a high percentage of sand in its composition. But if it is impossible to realize this, the pit can be covered with soil removed from it before.

Now the septic tank can be put into operation.

The wastewater treatment system from barrels, as well as a similar design made of concrete goods, can be two- or three-chamber. Wastewater will flow into it by gravity, so it must be installed below the sewer pipes. The principle of operation of this device is similar to the construction of reinforced concrete rings.

To equip an autonomous sewage system according to the principle of a treatment system, you can use any containers. It may be old metal / plastic barrels. The main thing is that they are airtight.

If you decide to make a septic tank from metal barrels, then they should be pre-treated with an anti-corrosion agent.

Plastic containers have several advantages over their metal counterparts:

A wide range of plastic containers that can be used to equip a septic tank.
Barrels are highly resistant to the aggressive effects of effluents. Therefore, they last longer than their metal counterparts.
The light weight of the containers simplifies their installation at the place of permanent deployment.
Plastic does not need to be further processed, unlike metal.
The high tightness of the barrels eliminates the possibility of dirty water penetrating into the ground.

Plastic barrels must be securely fixed when installed in the ground, because due to spring floods or winter frosts, they can be squeezed out of the ground. In view of this, plastic barrels are attached with cables to concrete base(it must first be poured or a reinforced concrete slab installed). In order not to crush plastic barrels, backfilling should be carried out very carefully.

For seasonal use, sewage from metal barrels is also suitable, but for stationary use this is not an option.

The popularity of metal containers for arranging sewerage is associated with their compactness and ease of installation. As a cover, you can use a wooden blank of the appropriate size or the one provided by the manufacturer. To install a metal septic tank, you need to dig an appropriate pit, which also needs to be concreted - walls and bottom.

Metal containers do not have a long service life even after they have been processed. anti-corrosion compounds. Therefore, their installation as a septic tank may be unprofitable. Buying stainless steel containers is not an option, as these products are very expensive.

Maybe you decide that in this case you can buy barrels with thin walls. However, this is also not the best solution, since during operation such a septic tank can be pushed out. Yes, and such barrels have a limited capacity - up to 250 liters, which is not suitable for a large family.

For mounting reliable system for wastewater treatment, it is better to use factory polymer barrels.

To make a septic tank from 220 l barrels, you will need the following materials:

geotextile - 80 m 2;
sewerage pipe Ø110 m, length 5 m;
crushed stone fraction 1.8–3.5 cm, approximately 9 m 3;
corner for sewerage at an angle of 45 and 90º - 4 pcs.;
plastic barrel with a volume of 220 l - 2 pcs.;
coupling, flange - 2 pcs.;
wooden peg - 10 pcs.;
Y-shaped sewer tee - 4 pcs.;
building level;
drainage perforated pipe in the filter 5 m - 2 pcs.;
epoxy two-component sealant - 1 pc.;
glue for PVC - 1 pc.;
water tape - 1 pc.

Of the tools you will need:

Shovel.
Electric jigsaw.
Rake.

For cottage/small country house if used economically, standard plastic barrels will do. Installing such a cleaning system is easy. If you do not drain black drains into the sewer, then the septic tank will be unpretentious in maintenance. If the house has a toilet, then the sewer will have to be cleaned regularly, calling for sewage equipment.

For private houses with permanent residence, barrels will not be enough. For sewage, it is better to purchase plastic cubes / tanks / tanks. The process of their installation in the ground does not differ from the installation of barrels.

The distance of the septic tank from the house should not exceed 15 m. Too much distance will complicate the process of connecting the sewer to the house:

there is a need for a large deepening of the pipeline;
on the way to the septic tank, you will need to install a revision well.

The sewerage system from metal barrels does not require large financial investments and complex installation work. To begin with, as in previous cases, you need to prepare a pit, and then install 2 barrels, each of which has a volume of at least 200 liters. Then pipes are installed for overflowing liquid from one barrel to another and a transition to the filtration fields / drainage well.

Each subsequent container must be located below the previous one in level.

The joints must be sealed, and the barrels must be insulated with foam. After that, the pit with a septic tank is filled up. Since, as mentioned above, metal barrels are short-lived, you need to be prepared for the fact that after 3-4 years they will need to be replaced.

Pipe laying

Scheme

An urgent question that torments everyone who wants to live in private country houses without the ability to connect to the central water supply and sanitation, how to do autonomous sewerage. Indeed, without it, it is not possible to fully use such benefits of civilization as a bath, shower, kitchen sink, washing machine and much more. Sewerage in a private house can be equipped different ways, which we will discuss in this article. Choosing the right system for your individual conditions and needs is even more important than putting it into practice.

What can be a sewerage system - a private house with permanent and temporary residence

The option of arranging the drainage system in private homes is selected depending on several conditions:

House with permanent or temporary residence.
How many people permanently live in the house.
What is the daily water consumption per person in the house (depends on the number of water consumers, such as a bathroom, shower, toilet, sink, washbasin, washing machine, etc.)
What is the level of groundwater.
What is the size of the plot, how much space can be used for treatment systems.
What is the structure and type of soil on the site.
Climatic conditions of the area.

More detailed information about the requirements can be found in the relevant sections of SanPin and SNiP.

Conventionally, all sewage systems in a private house can be divided into only two types:

Accumulation systems(cesspool without a bottom, sealed container for drains).
Wastewater treatment facilities(the simplest single-chamber septic tank with soil cleaning, a two-chamber septic tank - overflowing wells with natural cleaning, a two - three-chamber septic tank with a filtration field, a septic tank with a biofilter, a septic tank (aerotank) with a constant air supply).

The most ancient, proven for centuries and even millennia, way of arranging sewage is a cesspool. Some 50-70 years ago there was no alternative to this method at all. But at the same time, people did not use such a large amount of water in private homes as they do today.

The cesspool is a well without a bottom. Walls cesspool can be made of brick, concrete rings, concrete or other material. Soil remains at the bottom. When runoff from the house enters the pit, more or less clean water seeps into the soil, being cleansed. Fecal matter and other solid organic waste settle to the bottom, accumulating. Over time, the well is filled with solid waste, then it must be cleaned.

Previously, the walls of the cesspool were not made waterproof, then when filling the pit, they simply dug it in and pulled out a new one in another place.

I would like to note right away that a sewerage device in a private house using a cesspool is possible only if the average daily volume of effluents is less than 1 m3. In this case, soil microorganisms that live in the soil and feed on organic matter have time to process the water that penetrates the soil through the bottom of the pit. If the volume of runoff is more than this norm, the water does not undergo sufficient purification, penetrates into the soil and pollutes groundwater. This is fraught with the fact that wells and other water sources can be contaminated within a radius of 50 m. Adding microorganisms to the cesspool somewhat reduces the unpleasant odor emanating from it, and also speeds up the process of water purification. But still, it's not worth the risk.

Conclusion. A cesspool without a bottom can be built if there are visits to the house 2-3 days a week and do not consume much water. At the same time, the level of groundwater occurrence must be at least 1 m lower than the bottom of the pit, otherwise pollution of the soil and the water source cannot be avoided. Despite the lowest cost of arrangement, the cesspool is not popular in modern country houses and cottages.

Sealed container - storage tank

A sealed container is installed on the site near the house, into which sewage and waste from the whole house flow through pipes. This container can be ready-made, store-bought, and made of plastic, metal, or other material. And it can be mounted independently from concrete rings, the bottom is made of concrete, and the cover is made of metal. The main condition for installing sewerage in a private house of this type is complete tightness. Suitable for sewers corrugated pipes pragma.

When the container is full, it must be emptied. To do this, a sewer machine is called, the call of which costs from 15 to 30 USD. The frequency of emptying the tank, as well as the required volume, depends on the number of drains. For example, if 4 people live permanently in the house, use the bathroom, shower, sink, toilet, washing machine, then the minimum volume of the storage tank should be 8 m3, it will have to be cleaned every 10 - 13 days.

Conclusion. A sealed cesspool is one of the options for how to sewer in a private house if the groundwater level in the area is high. This will completely protect the soil and water sources from possible pollution. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is that you will often have to call a sewage truck. To do this, from the very beginning it is necessary to correctly calculate the installation location of the tank in order to provide convenient access to it. The bottom of the pit or container must not be deeper than 3 m from the soil surface, otherwise the cleaning hose will not reach the bottom. The container lid must be insulated to protect the pipeline from freezing. For such a sewer in a private house, the cost depends on the material of the container. The cheapest option would be to purchase second-hand eurocubes, the most expensive - concrete pouring or brick. In addition, there are monthly cleaning costs.

Single-chamber septic tank - the simplest option for soil cleaning

A single-chamber septic tank is not far from the cesspool, very often it is called that. It is a well, at the bottom of which crushed stone is covered with a layer of at least 30 cm, and coarse-grained sand is covered with the same layer on top. Wastewater flows through pipes into a well, where water, seeping through a layer of sand, gravel, and then soil, is cleaned by 50%. Adding sand and gravel improves the quality of water purification and partially faeces, but does not solve the problem radically.

Conclusion. Sewerage in a private house using a single-chamber septic tank is impossible with permanent residence and large volumes of drains. Only for temporary residences and low level ground water. After some time, crushed stone and sand will need to be completely replaced, as they will silt.

Two-chamber septic tank - overflow settling wells

As one of the economical sewer options that you can install yourself, the arrangement of overflow settling wells and filter wells is universally popular.

This sewerage system in a private house consists of two wells: one with a sealed bottom, the second without a bottom, but with powders, as in the previous method (crushed stone and sand). Wastewater from the house enters the first well, where solid organic waste and feces sink to the bottom, fatty ones float to the surface, and more or less clarified water forms between them. At a height of about 2/3 of the first well, it is connected to the second well by an overflow pipe, located slightly at an angle so that water can flow there unhindered. Partially clarified water enters the second well, where it seeps through a powder of crushed stone, sand and soil, it is cleaned even more and leaves.

The first well is a sump, and the second is a filter well. Over time, a critical mass of feces accumulates in the first well, for the removal of which it is necessary to call a sewage truck. You will have to do this about once every 4 to 6 months. To reduce the unpleasant smell, microorganisms are added to the first well, which decompose the feces.

Overflow sewerage in a private house: photo - example

A two-chamber septic tank can be made independently from concrete rings, concrete or brick, or you can purchase a ready-made (plastic) one from the manufacturer. In the finished two-chamber septic tank, additional cleaning will also take place with the help of special microorganisms.

Conclusion. It is possible to install a sewerage system in a private house from two overflow wells only if the groundwater level, even during a flood, is 1 m lower from the bottom of the second well. Ideal conditions is sandy or sandy loamy soil on the site. After 5 years, crushed stone and sand in the filter well will have to be replaced.

Septic tank with filtration field - biological and soil treatment

We turn to the description of more or less serious cleaning systems that allow you not to worry about environmental pollution.

This type of septic tank is a single tank, divided into 2 - 3 sections or several separate tanks-wells connected by pipes. Most often, having decided to equip just this type of sewage system, a factory-made septic tank is purchased.

In the first tank, wastewater settles, as in the previous method (settlement well). Through the pipe, partially clarified water enters the second tank or section, where anaerobic bacteria decompose organic residues. Even more clarified water enters the filtration fields.

Filtration fields are an area underground where wastewater is treated by soil. Due to the large area (about 30 m2), the water is purified by 80%. The ideal case is if the soil is sandy or sandy, otherwise it will be necessary to equip an artificial filtration field of crushed stone and sand. After passing through the filtration fields, water is collected in pipelines and discharged into drainage ditches or wells. Trees or edible vegetables cannot be planted above the filtration fields, only a flower bed is allowed.

Over time, the fields silt up, and they need to be cleaned, or rather, crushed stone and sand should be replaced. You can imagine how much work will have to be done, and what your site will turn into after that.

Conclusion. Laying a sewer in a private house, assuming the presence of a filtration field, is possible only if the groundwater level is below 2.5 - 3 m. Otherwise, it is quite constructive solution subject to sufficient free space. Also, do not forget that the distance from the filtration fields to water sources and residential buildings should be more than 30 m.

Septic tank with biofilter - natural treatment station

The deep cleaning station allows you to complete the installation of sewage in a private house, even if the groundwater level is very high.

The septic tank is a container divided into 3 - 4 sections. It is better to purchase it from a trusted manufacturer, after consulting with professionals about the required volume and equipment. Of course, the price for such a sewer in a private house is not the lowest, it starts from 1200 USD.

In the first chamber of the septic tank, water is settled, in the second - the decomposition of organic matter by anaerobic microorganisms, the third chamber serves to separate water, since in the fourth chamber organic matter is decomposed with the help of aerobic bacteria, which need a constant supply of air. To do this, a pipe is mounted above the chamber, which rises 50 cm above the ground level. Aerobic bacteria are planted on a filter installed on a pipe leading from the third section to the fourth. In fact, this is the filtering field - only in miniature and concentrated. Due to the small area of water movement and the high concentration of microorganisms, there is a thorough purification of water up to 90 - 95%. Such water can be safely used for technical needs - watering the garden, washing the car and much more. To do this, a pipe is diverted to their fourth section, leading either to a tank for accumulating treated water, or to a drainage ditch or well, where it simply soaks into the ground.

Sewage treatment in a private house - scheme of work:

Conclusion. A septic tank with a biofilter is a good solution for a private house with permanent residence. Microorganisms can be added to the septic tank by simply pouring them into the toilet. There are no restrictions on the use of such a treatment plant. An undeniable advantage is that it does not require electricity. The only drawback is that sewerage wiring in a private house requires permanent residence, since without the constant presence of sewage, bacteria die. When new strains are introduced, they begin active activity only after two weeks.

Septic tank with forced air supply - artificial cleaning station

An accelerated cleaning station where natural processes occur artificially. The construction of a sewerage system in a private house using an aeration tank will require electricity to be connected to the septic tank to connect the air pump and air distributor.

Such a septic tank consists of three chambers or separate containers interconnected. Water enters the first chamber through sewer pipes, where it settles, and solid waste precipitate out. Partially clarified water from the first chamber is pumped into the second.

The second chamber is actually the aeration tank, here water is mixed with activated sludge, which consists of microorganisms and plants. All microorganisms and bacteria of activated sludge are aerobic. It is for their full-fledged life that forced aeration is needed.

Water mixed with sludge enters the third chamber - a sump for deeper cleaning. Then the sludge is pumped back to the aeration tank by a special pump.

Forced air supply provides quite fast cleaning wastewater, which can then be used for technical needs.

Conclusion. Aerotank is an expensive, but necessary pleasure in some cases. The price starts from 3700 USD. There are no restrictions on the installation of such a sewer. Disadvantages - the need for electricity and permanent residence, otherwise activated sludge bacteria die.

Water supply and sewerage of a private house - general rules

Certain restrictions apply to the location of sewer facilities.

septic tank should be located:

no closer than 5 m from a residential building;
no closer than 20 - 50 m from the water source (well, well, reservoir);
no closer than 10 m from the garden.

House must be removed:

8 m from filter wells;
25 m from the filter fields;
50 m from aeration treatment plants;
300 m from drain wells or stations.

The pipes leading to the septic tank must be insulated so that they do not freeze through in winter. To do this, they are wrapped with heat-insulating material and inserted into asbestos-cement pipes. External sewerage wiring in a private house is carried out with pipes with a diameter of 100 - 110 mm, the slope should be 2 cm by 2 m, i.e. 2 °, in practice they do a little more - 5 - 7 ° (with a margin). But you shouldn’t joke with this matter, since a larger slope will lead to the fact that water will quickly pass through the pipes, and feces will linger and clog them, and a smaller angle of inclination will not ensure that wastewater moves through the pipes at all. It is advisable to lay the pipes in such a way that there are no turns and corners. For internal wiring of sewer pipes, 50 mm in diameter is sufficient. If the house has more than one floor, and bathtubs, sinks, and a toilet are also installed on the upper floors, then a riser with a diameter of 200 mm is used to drain wastewater down.

If you decide that you can handle the sewerage of a private house with your own hands, be sure to take into account all the restrictions of SanPin and SNiP regarding the location and design of the sewerage system. In order not to spoil relations with neighbors, consider the location of their water sources and other buildings.

The sewerage project of a private house is extremely important; you should not try to do without it. Sewerage is not a system that tolerates approximation. Contact design bureaus or architects, let the professionals create a working draft for you, taking into account all the features of the soil, site, climate and operating conditions. It is better if this project is completed along with the project of the house itself before the start of its construction. This will greatly facilitate installation.

If you are interested in the question of how to make a sewer in a private house at high level ground water, then based on all of the above, it can be such options:

Sealed container for accumulation of waste.
Septic tank with biofilter.
Aeration cleaning station (aerotank).

Direct work on the installation of a sewer system in a private house is not so complicated. It is necessary to spread pipes around the house that will collect drains from different sources, connect them to the collector and lead through the foundation or under it along the ground to the septic tank. Excavation You can do it yourself, or you can hire an excavator. But choosing the right sewerage system and drafting a project is much more important.