How to pour a concrete staircase on the street. Pouring concrete stairs. Gathering formwork: Lego constructor in an adult way

Not a single building for residential or industrial purposes is unthinkable without such a structural element as a staircase. A series of steps serves as a communication point between rooms located at different levels. She experiences a lot of stress every day. Therefore, it is subject to increased requirements for comfort, reliability and safety. The article will discuss how to make a staircase out of concrete with your own hands.

Reinforced monolithic concrete stairs

Stair structures can be rectangular shape, rotary and spiral. But regardless of the type, a concrete architectural element stands out with the following advantages.
Resistant to moisture, temperature fluctuations and aggressive environments. Therefore, such structures are erected in the interior arrangement of premises, and in the open air.
High strength is achieved by reinforcing the concrete mix. The steps can withstand very impressive loads, which makes them incredibly reliable and practically durable.

Monolithic concrete stairs photo

Concrete stairs provide ample opportunities regarding decorative finishes. Here you can use porcelain and ceramic tiles, wooden planks (parquet, laminate) and other materials.
No steps required special care and regular impregnations. If a defect occurs on the surface, it is enough to re-fill the area to be restored with concrete mortar.
The construction of the structure is carried out on its own without the use of special or expensive building materials, as well as without the involvement of special equipment and specialists.
The filled steps are ready for operation in 7-10 days. That allows you to use them at all stages of construction, carry tools, materials, etc.
Since the staircase is erected simultaneously with the construction of the house, in addition to its direct purpose, it performs another role - a constructive one.
Among the shortcomings, one can note its impressive weight, massiveness (takes up a lot of space) and solidity - the staircase cannot be dismantled, rearranged or modified.

Concrete grade for stair structures

For the manufacture of concrete stairs, a ready-made mortar M200 of class B15 or M250 of class B20 is usually used. This material is based on crushed stone of a fine fraction, with the addition of binders, modified additives and other fillers.
When choosing concrete for the construction of outdoor stairs, it is important to pay attention to frost resistance (F) and water resistance (W).

For mixing concrete mortar Grade 250 on your own, the following proportions are used:

1 part of concrete M400;
2 parts washed sand;
4 parts of crushed stone fraction 10x20 mm;
about ½ part of water;
0.7% by weight of cement plasticizing additive C-3.

It is incredibly difficult to knead the mortar in the old fashioned way, using a pallet and a shovel, especially since the pouring of the steps should be done in one go. Therefore, it is recommended to take a compact concrete mixer from neighbors or rent from construction teams.

First, sand and gravel are poured into the device, bulk materials are mixed for at least 2-3 minutes. Then a plasticizer (in dry or concentrated form) and water are added. All components are mixed for at least 5 minutes.

Important! Poor mixing of all components reduces the final strength of concrete by 20%.

How to make a staircase out of concrete with your own hands

Stair design

If the work on the construction of the stairs is carried out independently (without the involvement of specialists), then the project on paper is drawn up on its own. The plan calculates the dimensions of the room, the slope of the structure, its length and width, and also takes into account the presence doorways, method and direction of door opening.
The construction of a concrete staircase requires special attention to the angle of inclination. The optimal value of this parameter is in the range of 26-37º. A staircase that is too steep can become life-threatening, and a more gentle one will take up a lot of usable space, and it does not differ in particular comfort when climbing / descending.

When developing a project, you must act consistently. First, the number of steps is calculated, then their length, width, angle of rotation, platform parameters, etc. Only with the right approach can we talk about the safety and convenience of the design.

Calculation of step parameters

In addition to strength characteristics, such a design must meet operational characteristics. The selected parameters should maximally meet the convenience when ascending or descending, while maintaining the evenness of the step.
As for the width, it can vary from 0.9 to 1.5 meters. Undoubtedly, the wider the staircase, the more convenient it is, but the area of \u200b\u200bthe room does not always allow the construction of structures of preferred sizes. Therefore, when designing, they are repelled not only from comfort, but also from free quadrature.

There are average indicators of steps that determine the ease of use:

height 190-220 mm;
width 250-330 mm.

For the correct calculation of the parameters, a simple formula is used 2a + b = 640, where: a - step height; b - step width; 640 mm - the average length of a human step.
Substituting the average data, we get: 2x190+280=660. As can be seen in the example, the selected dimensions are fully consistent with comfortable performance.
Using the Pythagorean theorem, we calculate the length of the march. Here it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the decorative floor covering. The result is divided by the height of one step. For example: 3000/190=15.8, which means there are 16 steps for a march 3 meters long.
If during calculations the tenth part is small (for example, it turned out to be 14.3 or 16.4), then it is recommended to take only an integer as a basis, and evenly distribute the remainder to the height of all steps (the damage to the comfort of ascent and descent will be insignificant).

Important! When calculating, the height of the tallest member of the family should be taken into account. So that he gets up on the second step, he does not hit his head on the ceiling. Here it is necessary to add 400 mm to the height of a person (the average height of two steps without finishing material!)

Formwork for pouring concrete stairs

Formwork assembly is one of the key points construction. To make the concrete surface as smooth as possible, use moisture-resistant plywood with a thickness of at least 20 mm. For the side walls of steps and the formation of risers, a cut board with a thickness of 30-35 mm is used.

For the bottom surface take a solid plate. Its installation at the desired angle is carried out using vertical bars or special telescopic racks, which can be rented from construction teams without any problems.
Since the mass of the concrete mixture is quite large, it makes sense to use metal corners and bars. Additional reinforcing elements are recommended to be attached to the bottom of the formwork every 50-80 cm.
Next, steps are formed by means of edged boards. During installation, the internal dimensions are taken as the basis, that is, when fixing, the external parameters of each step will be 30-35 mm (exactly the width of the lumber used) more than the design indicators.
Wooden elements must fit snugly against each other, the formation of gaps and cracks is not allowed. So that the solution is not absorbed into the lumber, it is abundantly moistened before pouring or the walls are protected with plastic wrap, as well as any waterproofing material.

Important! When assembling the structure, self-tapping screws are used. Their location should only be external, so that during the dismantling of the formwork there will be no difficulties that can lead to partial destruction of the concrete surface.

Reinforcement technology for stairs made of concrete

To give strength to the staircase structure and prevent spilling of the edges of the steps, reinforcement is carried out. For work, you will need steel reinforcement with a diameter of 8 and 14 mm, knitting wire, as well as a tool for bending and cutting rods, pliers.
For longitudinal reinforcement, thicker steel bars are used, and for transverse rods smaller diameter. At a distance of at least 30 mm from the bottom of the formwork, 14 mm reinforcement is laid out in increments of 150-200 mm. To do this, it is enough to put broken pieces of brick or ceramic tile under it.

The transverse rods are also laid out at a distance of 150-200 mm from each other. Fixation of reinforcement in the form of a mesh is provided by means of a knitting wire fastened and tightened with pliers.
For reliability, you can lay out the second row of the finished mesh with 150x150mm cells from 4 mm reinforcement. This layer should be located in such a way that the concrete layer covers the metal by 30-40 mm. To ensure such parameters, peculiar high chairs are prepared from metal rods.
If the structure will be based on three sides (top, bottom and side), then in the process of building walls, reinforcement is laid in advance. As a result, the most durable fixation of the stairs from the side is provided.

How to pour concrete stairs

Concrete mortar begins to be poured from the bottom step. The frame is filled in small portions. After filling, tamping is carried out with an electric vibrator. This tool will help get rid of air voids that adversely affect the strength characteristics of the finished structure.
In addition to the vibrator, light tapping with a hammer can be carried out on all sides of the formwork. As a rule, the mixture will settle by 2-3 cm from the required level, the disadvantage is compensated by a new portion of the concrete mixture. Next, the tamping process is repeated.

If the solution no longer settles, then the surface is finally leveled with a trowel or rule. Between the concreting of each stage, a break of 10-15 minutes should be maintained, during which time the pressure of the solution drops slightly.
To move up, you can lean a standard wooden ladder on the frame or use ordinary boards. After completion of the work, the concrete is covered with a plastic film, which prevents it from drying out prematurely.

Important! For the first 2-3 days, the polyethylene is periodically removed and the concrete surface is wetted by spraying, a direct jet of water should be avoided.

The frame is dismantled after 3-4 weeks, it is during this period that the concrete mixture will gain at least 80-90% strength.
The undoubted advantage of concrete surfaces is the absolute maintainability. Therefore, if any defects were found after drying, they can easily be corrected by partial “patches” or refilling. However, in order to avoid financial and time costs, it is better to do it once according to all the rules, with more effort and effort.

Decoration Materials

Leaving a concrete staircase without further finishing is not recommended. After some time, the edges of the steps will begin to crumble. Yes and appearance stairs leaves much to be desired, although many modern styles welcome concrete structures in their original form.
Depending on the style direction, the steps are faced with porcelain stoneware, ceramic mosaics, wooden planks. The side walls and bottom surface of the stairs are usually plastered and then painted.

For the safety of movement, the staircase structure is equipped with fences. Balusters and railings are made of wood, chrome-plated metal. High decorative qualities are distinguished Forged Products that can be called true works of art.

We continue our traditional series of articles from Yuri Voedilo (professional builder-repairman). Yuri writes:
No one Vacation home or a dacha cannot be built without stairs. The simplest concrete monolithic staircase with your own hands is built without any problems. Among other materials used in the manufacture of steps, reinforced concrete is most often used, since this material is not inferior in strength to others. Do-it-yourself monolithic stairs should not loosen, do not make creaking sounds, do not burn and have a lot of cladding options, plus they are resistant to atmospheric influences.

How to make a staircase from reinforced concrete, its arrangement, reinforcement, formwork assembly, as well as the work procedure and what materials we will use, we will analyze in this article with a photo.

During the work we will use the following tool:

electric grinder (angle grinder)
electric welding machine (stationary for 220v)
tape measure with a pencil
concrete mixer
buckets with shovels
building level
jigsaw electric
screwdriver
construction trowel

And also material:

fittings for reinforcing a monolithic staircase with a section of 8mm
cement m 400
sand, gravel
osb sheet thickness not less than 15mm
self-tapping screws 40-60mm long
ruberoid or thick film

Stage 1. Marking and waterproofing of the landing.

Like any construction site, the site requires preliminary design and calculations so that the concrete stairs, do-it-yourself structures, fit in as correctly as possible. A simple project can be drawn by hand on a piece of paper to have a little idea of how and what to do. At this stage, you need to determine the number of steps of the stairs based on the height of the platform from ground level. standard height the steps are 17-20 cm and the width of the step, which provides a comfortable step, is 29-32 cm. An angle of inclination of 30º is considered convenient for moving, but if it is necessary to reduce the construction area of the landing, the angle can be raised to 40-45 degrees of inclination. Since part of the site on our sides will be in the ground, the sides need to be cleaned and waterproofing made of roofing material or a thick film should be laid. And so that during work the waterproofing does not interfere with us, we need to fix it with improvised means. In this case, we used nails and scraps from the old profile. It is necessary to pull the cord along the entire landing, it will show us the direction of the landing. And along the lace itself, hammer in pieces of reinforcement 40-50 centimeters long every 29-32 centimeters. The rebar hammered into the ground in this way will show us the edge of each of our steps.

The convenience of the stairs is possible (although it is also for a wooden staircase - the convenience will calculate correctly for a concrete one, you just need to enter the dimensions).

Stage 2. Do-it-yourself assembly of the platform frame for reinforced concrete stairs.

Third party opinion:

“Reinforcement on the frame is not cooked. She knits on a wire, or sits on plastic clamps. There must be a micro-movement."

First you need to cut the reinforcement with a cross section of 8-10 millimeters into pieces 17 centimeters long (step height), 30 centimeters (step width) and 80 centimeters (the width of the site itself). Four pieces for each step of the platform.

The sequence of how you will weld the frame of the stairs together does not matter. The main thing is that you get such a cockpit, as shown in the photo measuring 17 by 30 by 80 centimeters. And the number of such cubicles should be equal to the number of steps.

Further along the side of the future site we make the frame of the walls from reinforcement, we make the size of the cells 10 by 10 or 15 by 15 centimeters. It is better to knit the fittings with each other with wire, but since there will be no load on it, you can use electric welding. The height of the wall frame must be made 15 centimeters higher than the height of the topmost step. We cook the same frame on the opposite side. If possible, we seat the reinforcement in the adjoining wall.

Now pre-prepared cubes need to be inserted between the frame of the walls, be sure to level them and weld them on the sides to the walls.

Stage 3. Manufacturing and installation of formwork for a monolithic staircase for pouring concrete.

Experts consider the manufacture and assembly of formwork to be the most difficult and time-consuming stage. There should be no cracks or gaps in the formwork, otherwise concrete will seep through them. For the manufacture of formwork, we will use sheet osb, although plywood, preferably moisture resistant, can also be used.

On the osb sheet, you need to draw the end of our steps and cut it out with a jigsaw. From one sheet, two mirror parts are obtained. Thus, one part will go to the right side, the second to the left side of the side walls of the landing. We will also need the front walls of the steps. We will also cut them out of osb 2 centimeters higher than the reinforcement and a length equal to the size between the cut out side walls of the site. The front walls of the steps between themselves, as well as to the sides of the platform, must be twisted with self-tapping screws using trimming bars and boards. This will prevent the formwork from spreading to the sides when we pour the concrete. The whole structure of a monolithic staircase on concrete base with your own hands should be strong and rigid.

Stage 4. Filling the steps with concrete.

The steps are poured with standard concrete. One part cement, three parts sand and three parts crushed stone, if possible, add a plasticizer, especially if the weather is very hot outside. Then the concrete will crack less when it dries. Filling the steps in one stage will not work, do not even try! Otherwise, all the work will go down the drain, you will only suffer, and then you will have to redo it. Concrete should be poured from the bottom step at intervals of about an hour, depending on weather conditions. When the first step begins to set, you can pour the next one. Excess concrete and small irregularities must be smoothed out with a construction trowel until completely hardened. Since then it will be much more difficult and longer to do.

Stage 5. Final work.

2 days after the steps are completely poured, all the screws on the formwork must be unscrewed. But do not dismantle the formwork itself. This will create gaps between the formwork and the concrete, allowing the concrete to breathe but stay in its shape. The next day, feel free to remove the entire formwork. After complete drying, tiles, sandstone or other material of your choice can be laid on the steps. That's all, your concrete monolithic staircase is ready, and all this with your own hands!

Note: during the entire drying (setting) time of the concrete, do not forget to slightly moisten the steps by pouring water on top of them!

We also recommend you:

Very often, garden stairs are made of concrete, pouring it into the formwork. Low cost and ease of manufacture make concrete stairs very popular.

Crafting requires the following materials

formwork boards;
crushed stone or broken brick;
concrete mixture: 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand and 1 part of crushed stone (the material is taken by weight, not by volume);
decorative tiles or pebbles for finishing steps (if planned).

Staged concreting stairs

1. Calculate the number of steps, their optimal length and height. Determine the desired width of the stairs.

2. Using pegs, rope and loose materials (sand, cement), mark the contours of each future step.

3. Gently remove upper layer soil with sod. There is no need to spend big earthworks, it is enough to mark the steps on the ground in a draft version. Don't forget about a slight slope to the outside to drain rainwater.

4. Knock down the formwork from the boards, exactly following the contours of the stairs. To create it, a tree should be taken strong, but not necessarily new. It is important that the top planks are as straight and level as possible, as the steps will align along their edges.

5. Install the formwork in the ground, focusing on the marks made. Drive it into the soil with a hammer. Using a building level, check the horizontal and vertical.

6. When all steps are level and the formwork is secured, place a cross bar vertically along the front edge of each step so that the top of the step remains open for grout to be poured. This bar will then act as a riser.

7. Tamp down the ground at the base of each step. If the soil is hard, then the drainage cushion is not made. If a cushion of crushed stone or broken brick is used, it is laid deep in the ground with a layer about 10 cm thick so that it does not reach the formwork.

8. Cook concrete mix, moisten the base of the formwork and fill it with a mixture.

9. To avoid voids, poke the solution with a shovel. When the concrete lies down, level it with a lath. The surface must be leveled until water appears on it.

10. Prior to the dismantling of the formwork, at least a day must pass, during which the solution must harden. Using a hammer and screwdriver, carefully remove the formwork first from the risers and then pull the side structures out of the ground.

You can make formwork not for the entire staircase at once, but for each step separately. Then it is a rectangle of knocked together boards. It is installed in turn at each stage and poured with a solution. Concreting is carried out from the bottom up, that is, the lowest step is poured first.

For concreting one step, a recess is dug, the depth of which is 15 cm below the level of the slope base. The bottom of the excavation is covered with a layer of broken brick, crushed stone or pebbles, and then formwork is made.

To increase the strength of the structure, reinforcement can be laid in concrete under each step.

The minimum thickness of the concrete layer is 10 cm. The steps are rammed, leveled, processed with a trowel.

The next step is built above the previous one, etc., gradually moving towards the top of the slope.

If desired, the surface of the steps can be revetted decorative tiles, pebbles or other materials.

Stairs are an essential element in the construction of private houses. It provides a comfortable lift to the upper floor, it can be straight or rotary, curved or helical. Ideal for a wooden house wooden staircase, however, for brick or block buildings, a concrete option suggests itself. Making formwork and pouring a concrete product without the help of specialists is not as difficult as it might seem, especially after reading this article.

Peculiarities

Any ladder must have a high degree of reliability and safety. According to the calculation of the owners of the house, such a design is built for centuries. But, in addition to strength, the aesthetics of the structure play an important role. All of these criteria have monolithic concrete stairs. These are durable, resistant to any impact structures, which in all respects are superior to wooden and metal counterparts.

There are also many ideas for the design of concrete stairs, which will make it possible to realize any fantasies and requests.

Advantages and disadvantages

If you have not yet decided whether it is worth installing a monolithic staircase or not, we recommend that you analyze all its advantages and disadvantages, and only then draw conclusions. Particular attention should be paid to indicators such as cost, design options and performance.

Experts note the following advantages of concrete structures:

Versatility. Concrete stairs can be installed both inside the house and on the street. The degree of air humidity does not affect its functionality. With proper pouring technology, it will last for several decades.

High degree of strength. Concrete is not comparable to any other material. It has excellent resistance to dynamic loads. The ladder will not loosen over time. The absence of a creak when moving along it will also please.

High fire performance. In case of emergency, such stairs serve as an evacuation route. Therefore, resistance to fire is an indisputable advantage.

Variety of shapes and finishes. Only concrete pouring will allow you to give the most intricate and original shape. It is possible to perform any finish option: wood, MDF, laminate, ceramic tile, stone, glass, etc.

Along with all the advantages presented, there are some features of durable concrete products that may exclude the possibility of their construction:

Huge weight. For a structure of this type, it is necessary to have a reliable base and overlap. Otherwise, you should not take on the device of such a ladder.

Big labor costs. The erection of any concrete monolith is a multi-stage process that requires physical effort and patience.

Difficulty of installation. When working with reinforcement and concrete mix, it will be difficult to cope alone, so it is better to invite a couple of assistants.

Long period of commissioning. Concrete after pouring must be cured for at least four weeks. You can't use the stairs right away.

Many people think that concrete products have a rough look. Such accusations are groundless, since good finish turn the design into a work of art.

Calculation

No need to hope that a concrete staircase can be built "by eye". Any inaccuracy will significantly reduce all the advantages of the design and make it unsafe. It is necessary to make it a rule that any construction must be carried out in accordance with generally accepted standards and in compliance with technology. Correct settlement processes play one of the most important roles.

Main settings

To begin with, determine the installation site of the structure. The area allotted for the lifting device to the upper floor will affect its size. Even at the stage of creating a house project, you should pay special attention to the allocation of stair space.

The following parameters are taken into account:

ladder height;
projection of the structure on the floor;
opening width;
step depth;
riser height.

Be sure to calculate the parameters of the opening above the stairs. The distance from any step to the upper floor should not be less than a person's height.

Important parameters for calculation

steepness

For the installation of stairs in living conditions, the angle of inclination should be comfortable. Take into account the fact that both small children and the elderly will use it. The steepness of devices for convenient movement varies between 30-45 degrees. The last parameter is critical. The optimal angle of inclination for stairs in a private house is 40 degrees.

The length of the flight of stairs

The length of the stairs is determined by the area allotted for its device. It is calculated using a geometric formula - the Pythagorean theorem. To do this, it is necessary to measure such parameters as the distance from the floor to the ceiling on the second floor and the length of the projection of the proposed structure. These two quantities are considered to be the legs of a right triangle, the length of the stairs is the hypotenuse. To calculate, you need to add the squares of the resulting numbers, and then take the square root.

Reinforcement

An important point in the installation of a concrete staircase is its reinforcement. Only in this way it will be possible to achieve the necessary strength and reliability of the structure.

Strengthening of the structure is carried out by means of reinforcement. It is not necessary to oversaturate the elements with metal. This does not affect the degree of strength, and the weight of the stairs increases significantly. In this regard, you need to be guided by the rules, which say that the total area of \u200b\u200breinforcement should be 0.25% of cross section details. Knowing all the indicators, it is not difficult to make the appropriate calculations.

Calculation of the minimum number of bars of longitudinal reinforcement of a flight of stairs

Start by defining the main parameters:

march width;
plate thickness;
diametrical section of reinforcement.

The diameter of the reinforcement is determined by the dimensions of the flights of stairs. Up to 3 m, rods with a diameter of 10 mm are used, and above - 12 mm. According to the structure, only corrugated reinforcement is selected.

The rods must be laid with a distance between them of 250-300 mm. These are the minimum figures. Otherwise, small cells will prevent the uniform distribution of concrete. Inside the slab, the bars are placed so that the concrete layer (both above and below) is within 2-5 cm.

To calculate the minimum number of longitudinal bars, you can use online calculators. They are used to perform more complex calculations. For example, for a ladder 800 mm wide and 150 mm thick, using rods with a diametrical section of 10 mm, you will need at least 4 longitudinal rods.

An example of reinforcing a concrete staircase [step by step]

Do-it-yourself reinforcement requires right choice material and calculations. A high-quality bundle of rods is also performed. In this case, the linkage will be made with a special knitting wire.

The reinforcement process is as follows:

1. Along the deck there are 4 rods with a diametrical section of 10 mm in this order: on the sides, one rod at a distance of 7 cm from the edge and two with a uniform step between them. The pitch between the bars turned out to be 220 mm.

2. Under the bars, it is necessary to provide supports that would facilitate the location of the frame inside the monolith. Masters get out of this situation in different ways. But, it is best to purchase special polymer racks.

3. Moving to the site, the rods are bent, and the ends are inserted into the prepared holes in the wall. Often, the masters lead all the rods into the walls.

4. Next is the installation of transverse rods. They are arranged so that the result is a reinforced mesh. Binding at the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse bars of the reinforcement is carried out using a knitting wire.

5. Next, the process is repeated on the upper march. To do this, first, the ends of the rods are released from the ceiling and bent so that they can be welded to them reserved for the upper level. The rest of the process is no different from what was on the lower march.

On the video: the frame of a monolithic staircase.

Completion of formwork installation (installation of riser partitions)

After the reinforcement, they proceed to the final process of the formwork device - the installation of partitions, which, after pouring with concrete, will become the basis for the risers.

The work is as follows:

1. To begin with, panels are cut from the OSB, which will serve as partitions for the steps. The dimensions of the panels fully correspond to the height of the riser and the width of the march.

2. Then three more parts are prepared from 50 × 150 boards: a supporting part, the dimensions of which are equal to the dimensions of the panels, and two 100 × 150 segments each for attaching jumpers to the sides of the formwork.

3. Fastening jumpers can start from any position - from above or below. On the sides of the formwork, markings are applied to facilitate installation.

4. First, boards with segments are connected, and then to the sides. A jumper is placed inside. After installing each part, you should carefully double-check the dimensions, install supports.

During the installation of the formwork, you must have mounting foam. It closes up the formed cracks so that the concrete does not flow out.

pouring stairs

After the formwork is installed, they proceed to concrete pouring. At this stage of work, it is also necessary to strictly observe the technology.

The main feature of the concrete pouring process is that it must be done in one go. In this case, it makes no difference whether the staircase is small or large. Otherwise, the solidity of the structure is violated and its reliability and strength are reduced. Therefore, you should worry about creating conditions for quick work or order ready-made concrete.

Concrete stairs are widely used not only in places common use apartment buildings but also in private houses, cottages and apartments.

Reinforced concrete stairs in a house or apartment will suit almost any interior due to the wide possibilities for finishing such stairs. Stairs made of concrete are very durable, have high wear resistance. Of course, these conditions are feasible with the right design and correct calculations, not only the durability of the future staircase depends on these parameters, but also the safety of the people who will use it. You will find all the details of building a concrete staircase in this article.

Types of monolithic stairs

Monolithic stairs are divided according to the type of structures and shape. There are the following options for concrete stairs:

screw;
direct march;
rotary.

In the manufacture of concrete stairs, the simplest design is a straight staircase, but it is not always convenient to use. In the case of a staircase in a small room, to save space, they often use either a multi-flight staircase with winders or a turntable, or a spiral staircase.

When designing, and subsequently during construction, it is necessary to provide for the release of reinforcement at the points of contact with the stairs. This is necessary in order to connect the metal structure of the stairs with the elements of the house, for greater rigidity.

Monolithic stairs are the most versatile, they are resistant to moisture and temperature changes, so they can be used not only as interfloor stairs. From the monolith, for example, a staircase to the basement or an entrance staircase to the house is built.

Straight single flight staircase

This type stairs are very common. A single-flight staircase is built in houses with low ceilings, turning stairs are more often built in houses with high ceilings.

Based on the calculation that the comfortable span length is not more than 15 steps, we find that in rooms with high ceilings it is more correct to use stairs with winders or turntables. The use of a straight ladder in this case will lead to an increase in the number of steps and discomfort when using it.

Benefits of a straight ladder:

ease of installation, in comparison with stairs of other forms;
price;
following the recommendations of our site, you can easily build such a staircase.

Spiral staircase

Such a staircase made of reinforced concrete will fit beautifully into the interior of any home.

Advantages:

placing the stairs on an area of 1.5 m 2 is a huge plus, especially in small houses;
Unusual, elegant shape of the stairs will decorate any interior.

Spiral filling stairs also have a number of installation difficulties:

difficult installation, regardless of the type of construction chosen, it is necessary to manufacture special-shaped panels for formwork;
difficulty in moving up the stairs due to the different width of the step along the entire length;
difficulties in lifting and lowering bulky objects, the problem is solved by increasing the diameter of the stairs.

Turning stairs

They are used in various cases - in houses with high ceilings, to save optimal angle lift and march length are also widely used in the construction of apartment buildings. Let's highlight two common options:

with a turn of 90 degrees (L-shaped);
with a rotation of 180 degrees (U-shaped).

As a turn, winder steps or a turntable are used. Staircase with winder steps in its own way design feature occupies a smaller area compared to a turntable.

Construction types

All concrete stairs are divided into:

monolithic stairs made of concrete - manufacturing is carried out directly at the installation site by pouring a concrete solution into a pre-prepared formwork;
prefabricated - are reinforced concrete blocks, pre-prepared at factories according to a standard template.

All types of stairs (straight, rotary and spiral) can be both monolithic and prefabricated, but in addition they are also divided according to the type of construction. The main structures are:

on bowstrings;
on stringers;
console;
modular.

We will analyze each of them in detail, so that you can better understand which type of design is right for you.

On a string

The design is a staircase, from the side of which no steps will be visible. The steps are located between the elements of the concrete structure.

The design can be either with closed steps,

On the kosour

The difference between this design and the previous one is that the steps are open from the sides and the staircase has a zigzag appearance.

In addition, the designs are distinguished by the location of the stringer:

Monokosour - can be located both in the center of the stairs, and with an offset to either side.

Kosour - outwardly it looks exactly, as well as stairs on stringers made of other materials. In this design, stringers are made of concrete, and the steps themselves can be made of concrete or other material.

The staircase is a monolithic stringer.

Modular

Modular structures include prefabricated reinforced concrete stairs. The most common among modular concrete structures are stairs in apartment buildings. In such buildings, multi-flight stairs with turntables are used.

Design and requirements for monolithic reinforced concrete stairs

When designing, it is important to remember that each staircase has its own characteristics for calculating parameters based on the shape of the staircase and its design. You can use the detailed calculation of all the necessary parameters in the article on the calculation of stairs, as well as a construction calculator for each type.

Based on SNiP, we highlight the main parameters that must be taken into account when designing a concrete staircase:

number of steps - the calculation is carried out relative to the length of the span to the height of the step;
tread width - according to the standards for convenient use of the stairs, it is necessary that the foot can fully fit on the tread;
step height - varies depending on the angle of inclination of the stairs, a comfortable height is about 160–180 mm;
step length - corresponds to the width of the march, for a quiet movement in both directions of two people, as well as for lifting bulky objects, a march width of about 1200 mm is sufficient;
ceiling opening - the distance from the steps to the edge of the opening must be at least 200 cm;
railing height - averages 90 - 110 cm;
the length of the kosour or bowstring is calculated using the mathematical formula of Pythagoras. (stringer length) 2 = (stringer height) 2 + (march length) 2;

the optimal angle of inclination for stairs in residential premises is from 24 to 37 °, depending on this it will be possible to determine the height of the riser and the width of the step;

for turning stairs, it is necessary to calculate additional supporting posts and a turntable or winder steps.

These parameters are applicable to single-flight and multi-flight stairs, in the case of spiral staircases there are some minor differences:

It is necessary to determine the diameter of the stairs, it depends on the length of the step and the diameter of the central column of the support: 2 * (length of the step) + (diameter of the central column).
Special parameters also go to the shape and size of the steps. Due to the fact that the step tapers towards the anchorage support, it is necessary to adhere to the following parameters: at the narrowest point, the width should be at least 10 cm, in the central part of the rise - at least 20 cm, at the widest part - no more than 40 cm.

In addition to the above parameters required for the construction of stairs, it is important to remember that concrete stairs have a number of additional parameters.

One of these conditions is the reinforcement of the concrete stairs. Reinforcement is a kind of skeleton of a staircase that strengthens and supports it. When designing, it is necessary to separately draw a reinforcement scheme, it must fully follow the contour of the future staircase, it is also important for the necessary strength of the entire structure.

Particular attention is also required to be paid to the quality of the concrete mix, the strength of the future staircase also depends on it. To properly prepare the concrete mixture, you can rely on a table that shows the ratios for obtaining 1m 3 of concrete, or you can use a calculator for.

Wooden steps on a concrete staircase (insert link) - in this case, wooden treads or treads with risers are installed, and the rest of the stairs remain concrete. It must be carefully sanded, puttied and painted or tiled.