Explanations on the basis of which the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mop increased. What are the standards for cleaning in the entrances of apartment buildings. Public order

Places common use are common property owned by the owners of residential apartment building as well as non-residential buildings. They include premises that are not part of apartments or offices and are available for stay, visit and use by the public. Restrictions on access to such areas can only take place in cases where certain hours have been set for this. A similar decision is made on a different basis that does not conflict with the freedoms and rights of an individual or a group of people.

What does the Housing Code say?

According to the current legislation, public places in residential buildings are common property.

His list includes:

The land on which the house was built. This also includes the improvement objects located on them, as well as those that are specially created for housing maintenance.
- Roofs and structures that perform enclosing and load-bearing functions.
- Equipment installed for the purpose of servicing apartments.
- Other types of premises that are not the individual property of citizens, used for social and domestic needs.
- Premises necessary for servicing residents and apartments (landings with elevators).

Multi-storey residential building

Common areas in a building where people are located are determined by the state or self-government body, based on design features premises. What is the purpose of this order? It is necessary to fulfill the obligations for the maintenance of property, control over its proper maintenance, as well as for the competitive selection of organizations that will manage the facility.

What are they, common areas in an apartment building? What is included in their list? It contains:

1. Premises for various purposes, located inside the house, but not positioned as structural elements for building apartments, as well as their geometry. Such common areas are designed to serve not only the house, but also its residents (more than one).
2. Platforms through which access to housing is carried out, as well as to the exit from the entrance, elevators, stairwells, as well as elevator shafts.
3. Techno-operational and attic floors.
4. Built-in garages located under the house in the basement, or designed as part of an immovable object.
5. Equipment designed to serve residents (more than one), as well as additional service sites located inside the building that are involved in servicing such equipment.
6. Boiler rooms, as well as other specialized service areas.
7. Fences or barriers.
8. House roof.
9. Bearing elements of the building, which are located in places for mass use.
10. Enclosing objects located inside the house ( stair railing, parapets, etc.).
11. Doors and windows in rooms intended for public use.
12. Mechanisms and devices necessary to satisfy people in the light, warmth and other benefits of civilization.

How to briefly describe the common areas in an apartment building? What is included in their list? It contains everything that is located on the territory of the house and performs the task of creating comfortable conditions for its residents.

Features of common property

For places intended for use different people, a number of characteristics are characteristic, namely:

The need to use several or all rooms in the house;
- consideration as a single object;
- performance of service functions.

Payments

What is the reason for putting common areas in a separate category? This is necessary to pay for their operation. Today, tenants of apartment buildings are forced to pay money for common areas in an apartment building. What is included (a hostel is not considered under this scheme) in a utility bill? This includes the lighting of places intended for public use. Previously, there was no such line in the receipt.

However, reimbursement for electricity costs in places used by more than one person has always been made. The only difference so far is the delimitation of the lines in the receipt. In accordance with the procedure established by law, the costs of maintaining public places must be distributed according to the share participation of the participants in the cooperative or a tenant in an apartment building.

Invoices for lighting of such premises include payment for:

Losses of electricity caused by imperfect wiring;
- light in the entrance;
- food for a specialized means of communication (intercom), which serves to prevent unauthorized persons from entering the entrance;
- an installed amplifier for a television antenna, which can be used by all residents of the house;
- lighting basements and attics.

Suppose there is a collective meter in the entrance. It takes into account the electricity consumed in use. The indications of such a device in kilowatts must be divided into all equity participants in collective real estate. Accounting is carried out according to the number of citizens who are registered in this house on the right of personal property.

Features of communal housing

Living in the same apartment with neighbors who are complete strangers can hardly be comfortable. After all, each person has his own habits and a certain daily way of life.

Life in a communal apartment is constant quarrels over noise, various trifles, and also over public places. Even adults find it difficult to inspire the idea that you just need to respect each other and comply with certain agreements.

Places available to all residents

Anyone who lives in a multi-occupied apartment has the same right as his neighbors to use the corridor and the kitchen, toilet, hallway and bathroom. All these are common areas in a communal apartment. According to general rule, tenants have the right to occupy part of the above premises with furniture or other property according to their share of ownership.

How are common areas in a communal apartment used? There is no definition of this order in the legislation. What to do if disputes arise between tenants? In such cases, issues are resolved in judicial order.

Repair

In what cases a multi-occupied apartment needs to be carried out construction works? The need for repairs is established by representatives of those organizations that service the house or manage it. Such a conclusion can be made by invited experts called by the residents of the apartment. After drawing up the act of inspection, the final decision is made. If it is positive, then the next step is to draw up an estimate.

Payment repair work produced by residents. However, people are not always ready to contribute money for the improvement of common areas in non-residential premises. Judicial practice suggests that if neighbors refuse to pay, you can take these costs on yourself. Reimbursement will be available at a later date. To do this, you will need to submit the relevant documents to the court. After he makes a positive decision, the money will return to your wallet. At the same time, repairs will be made on time, providing aesthetic pleasure.

non-residential buildings

Public spaces exist not only in houses inhabited by people. They are also available in various retail and administrative centers, households and other buildings in which shops, offices and warehouses are located.

A non-residential building, like an apartment building, is not a separate object. This is a set of premises (offices, cabinets, etc.) that belong to a separate owner. Often these spaces are rented out.

Who owns the common areas in a non-residential building? Sometimes such premises are the property of the municipality, which transfers them to enterprises on the basis of economic management.

Multi-subject relationship

Who uses the common areas in a non-residential building? The answer to this question is not easy. The fact is that in management there is a multi-subjectivity of relations.

The main users of such a building are:

Tenants;
- direct owners;
- credit organizations (banks, etc.);
- unitary enterprises;
- municipalities.

Owner Relations

How are common areas in a non-residential building used? Determination of the legitimacy of certain relations of owners at the moment is a complex and still developing institution.

In addition, the current practice of shared construction of non-residential buildings leads to the fact that a huge number of owners appear. Their number is constantly growing in existing buildings. To date, the relationship of owners began to go beyond civil circulation. That is why this problem requires additional attention from the legislature.

Common areas

If any natural or legal person owns separate room in a non-residential building, then in any case, he will own a certain share of the common property located on the territory of the building. What is included in this category? Common property in a non-residential building includes:

Premises required to service more than 1 premise of the building;
- landings;
- halls;
- stairs;
- elevator and other shafts;
- corridors;
- technical floors;
- attics;
- roofs;
- cellars with engineering equipment located in them;
- non-bearing and load-bearing structures;
- various types of equipment.

The right to share ownership of public spaces belongs to those legal and individuals who bought one or more rooms in the building. In this case, it is necessary to have a document certifying registration in the real estate register.

Civil Code of the Russian Federation in paragraph 1 of Art. 247 indicates that the use and possession of property in shared ownership is possible only by agreement with each of its participants. And if the parties do not come to a consensus? In such cases, this or that issue may be considered in court. When making a decision, the court proceeds from the real possibility of legal observance by the owners of sanitary and epidemiological and fire regulations. The balance of economic interests of each of the parties must also be observed.

After determining the procedure for using and owning the common property of a non-residential building, mandatory legal relations arise between the owners. At the same time, each of their participants has the right to legal requirements for the fulfillment of certain conditions.

A special legal regime arises between the owners of premises in a non-residential building. Each of the parties has a need to service more than one room. At the same time, the court has the right to determine the schedule and frequency of use of such places, as well as their maintenance.

Greetings, dear readers. Today we will figure out what a MOS is in an apartment building (MKD). MOP stands for Common Places, in other words, it is our joint common property.

Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation explains which premises of the MKD belong to the MOP. In principle, this is the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, except for apartments that are in the personal property of the owners, and the area adjoining territory.

feel the difference

Do not confuse the concepts of MOS and the common property of MKD. As for the non-residential premises of the house and the land plot, not all of them are available to residents. No one will let you into the basement or the attic without special need, you will not be able to get into the elevator shaft or onto the roof.

Common areas are entrances, elevators and courtyard area. Of course, if there is a winter garden on the roof of your house, you can be there. And if by the general meeting of apartment owners you decide to equip storage rooms in the basement, you will have your own key to access it.

We care and take care

If you are interested in a complete list of the common property of MKD, read the article "Yard, entrance and ...". Of course, it is our responsibility to pay for the maintenance of common house property, but we must understand that the more carefully we treat it, the longer it will serve us.

And less likely to have something to repair and put in order. Of course, it will not become cheaper - the tariffs developed by the municipality are the same for everyone (if the houses are of the same type), but more comfortable, calmer and cleaner - for sure.

Tidying up work

Recall what types of work are necessary to ensure the normal state of the MOS:

• Identification of malfunctions and breakdowns of individual structures and equipment located on the territory of the MNP.
• Checking the presence and functioning lighting fixtures in and around hallways.
• Support of regulated temperature in the entrances and air humidity.
• Carrying out cleaning of premises and adjacent territory.
• Compliance with the rules fire safety, maintenance of fire-fighting equipment and signaling equipment.
• Export of municipal solid waste.
• Landscaping in summer and cleaning and removal of snow in winter.

Next, we will look at what is included in the mysterious line in our receipts " Maintenance housing stock" - it is she who usually causes the most large quantity questions - to pay from 400 to 1,000 rubles (and somewhere more), without knowing for what, it's a pity.

We reveal the secret

I’ll say right away that I’m giving a specific example, depending on the region, the figure changes: for the maintenance of the MOP per 1 m 2 of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, it falls at a rate of 9.99 rubles, which, for example, with an area of ​​\u200b\u200ban apartment of 63 m 2 - an ordinary three-room apartment - is 630 rubles . So, what is included in the mysterious tariff of 9.99:

1. Sweeping the floor - every working day.
2. Washing the floor - once a month, the platform of the 1st floor and the elevator cabin - every working day.
3. Washing windows, walls, entrance doors and batteries - once every six months.
4. Cleaning of the attic and basement - 1 time per year.
5. This also includes maintenance and cleaning of the garbage chute, but we do not have it.

For more precise standards for cleaning the premises of the entrance, see the article "Our house is our fortress."

Cleaning of the local area - 2.40 rubles.

1. Sweeping sidewalks and areas near the entrance in the warm season - Monday, Wednesday, Friday.
2. Emptying bins and collecting garbage from the rest of the territory is the same.
3. Snow removal from sidewalks winter time- as it falls.
4. Mowing the grass - 2 times in the summer.
5. Painting equipment for children's and sports grounds, other decorative elements - once a year in summer. Repair - as needed.
6. Cleaning the roof of snow, the elimination of icicles and ice - as needed.

Preparation of MKD for the summer and winter seasons - 1.31 rubles.

1. Pressure testing, repair and flushing of the heating system - once a year.
2. Replacement of broken glass, repair of windows and doors - as needed.
3. Cleaning of ventilation shafts - once a year.

Minor repairs and examination of the condition of the MOS - 1.60 rubles.

1. Checking work ventilation system, smoke extraction systems, maintenance and replacement small parts in electrical equipment - once every six months.
2. liquidation emergencies- as needed.
3. Deratization and disinsection (fight against rodents and insects) - 1 time per year.
4. Checking the operation of MKD engineering systems and eliminating minor problems - all the time.
5. This also includes service gas equipment- Once every 3 years, but we don't have it.

Current repair of the MOP - 3.58 rubles.

1. Repair of broken doors, windows, railings - as needed.
2. Repair of the entrance - whitewashing, painting, plastering - 1 time in 5 years.
3. Roof repair and liquidation of moisture leakage - as needed.
4. In a panel house - restoration of seams between plates - as needed, but at least 1 time in 5 years.
5. Repair of engineering systems and equipment - as needed.
6. Bringing back to normal when destroying sidewalks, roads and blind areas - as needed.
7. Other repairs to common property equipment as needed.

If someone noticed, then there is no garbage disposal in this list, just like there are no other types of work. This is because in our receipt they are placed on separate lines and do not fall into the maintenance of the MOP.

Tricks UK

Noticed how much work gets done as needed? No, they, of course, will indeed be carried out, but there is a suspicion that these types of work are included in the calculation with a fair margin.

On the one hand, if we take good care of our common property, the Criminal Code or Homeowners' Association will keep more of the collected money for themselves. On the other hand, the managing organization will be able to carry out more work to improve and improve the comfort of the home with a larger amount of reserved funds.

And if you are not too lazy and create a council at home, it will check that not a single penny collected from the tenants is spent on untargeted needs.

MOP also existed in Soviet times - nothing has changed in this regard. The only thing that has changed is that now we ourselves pay for its maintenance, and our rich state has no funds for the needs of housing and communal services.

Allow me to say goodbye. I hope that the article turned out to be useful, so subscribe to new articles on our site and give a link to them to your friends and relatives on social networks.

In accordance with Part 9.2. Article 156 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation "The amount of expenses of citizens as part of the payment for the maintenance of residential premises for payment cold water, hot water, leads Wastewater, electrical energy consumed when fulfilling the minimum list of services and works necessary to ensure the proper maintenance of common property in an apartment building, is determined based on the consumption standards for the relevant types of communal resources in order to maintain common property in an apartment building, approved by the state authorities of the subjects Russian Federation...".
Consequently, the procedure for applying the areas of common areas for the purposes of calculating the cost of communal resources for the maintenance of common use is determined by the rules for calculating consumption standards for the maintenance of the common property of an apartment building, which are approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 N 306 (hereinafter Rules No. 306).
According to paragraph 7 (1) of Regulation No. 306, "When choosing a unit of measurement for the consumption of communal resources for the purpose of maintaining common property in an apartment building, ... 1 square meter of the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises that are part of the common property in an apartment building are used."
According to paragraph 9, clause 27 of Annex 1 to Regulation No. 306, when calculating the norms for the consumption of cold (hot) water for the purpose of maintaining common property by the calculation method "The total area of ​​​​the premises that are part of the common property in an apartment building is determined as the total area of ​​the following premises, that are not part of the apartments of an apartment building and intended to serve more than one room in an apartment building (according to the information specified in the passport of the apartment building): areas of inter-apartment landings, stairs, corridors, vestibules, halls, lobbies, prams, security rooms (concierge) in this apartment building, not owned by individual owners.
In paragraph 37 (formula 34) of Appendix 1 to Regulation No. 306, for the purpose of calculating the standard for the consumption of electrical energy for the purpose of maintaining the common property of an apartment building, no exemptions are provided for from the total area of ​​​​common areas. And, therefore, its size is determined based on all the premises named in paragraphs 1, 2, part 1, article 36 of the LC RF and paragraphs. and clause 2 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 N 491.
However, it should be noted that in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, when setting standards for the consumption of electrical energy for general house needs, the area for which such consumption standards were set was indicated. For example, it was pointed out that the standards for the consumption of electrical energy for general house needs were approved for the area without taking into account attics and basements. Such a procedure for setting consumption standards by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation was contrary to Rules No. 306 and can be challenged in court (for example, the Definition Supreme Court RF dated December 15, 2016 N 38-APG16-8). Until such a contestation of the regulatory legal act of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which establishes the standards for the consumption of electrical energy per ODN per area, excluding attics and basements, is subject to application when calculating the costs of electrical energy when maintaining the common property of an apartment building.

Recently, the question of the concept of " non-residential premises" V apartment buildings. Often they are confused with the premises that are part of the common property, or with common areas. In this regard, questions about the calculation of the amount of payment for utilities are only added.

So, let's figure out what is non-residential premises and how utility bills should be calculated for them.

According to the "Rules for the provision utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings ”(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 06.05.2011 No. 354 (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) non-residential premises in an apartment building are recognized a premise that is not a residential premise (apartment) and the common property of the owners of premises in an apartment building(entrances, basements, elevators, stairwells, attics, etc.).

Conventionally, non-residential premises can be understood as commercial premises (shops, cafes, hairdressers, pharmacies, which are located in the house and, accordingly, are its integral part).

A non-residential premises, as well as a residential one, must have an owner (i.e., an appropriate certificate of registration of ownership must be issued for it).

In addition, the owners of non-residential premises have the same rights and obligations as the owners of residential premises, which means that the calculation of the amount of payment for utilities (including for general house needs) is made for them on a general basis, according to the occupied area , testimony individual devices accounting, or by volumes identified by calculation.

In the formulas for calculating the amount of payment for utilities specified in the Rules, such a concept is used as total area of ​​all residential and non-residential premises, i.e. it is the area of ​​the premises that is assigned to the owners or users of the premises that is used. It is important to note, What common areas, which are part of the common property, in this area not included.

Today, the correct determination of the area has become relevant due to the need to equip multi-apartment buildings with common house meters, since in those houses where these devices are not available, no matter what area the commercial organizations occupy the first floors, the calculation is made for apartments according to the standards, for non-residential premises, a certain amount of utility services is calculated by the resource supplying organization, taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises and other parameters.

If a house-wide metering device is nevertheless installed in the house, it is important to take into account all the premises, since if non-residential premises are not taken into account, then these costs will be borne by the owners and tenants of the apartments.

Increasingly, there are cases when premises that are part of common property (basements, plinths, etc.) acquire the status of non-residential premises. In such cases, the procedure for calculating the amount of payment for utilities may take 2 radically opposite forms:

1) if the premises that are part of the common property (basement, basement, etc.) are legally registered as non-residential (i.e. a certificate of registration of ownership has been issued for it), then the calculation will be made as for non-residential premises;

2) if this premises is not registered as non-residential, then this premises will refer to the premises that are part of the common property of an apartment building, and in this case, the payment for utilities consumed in these premises will be distributed to all owners and tenants of residential and non-residential premises of this house, in proportion to the occupied area.

Thus, in those apartment buildings where the premises that are part of the common property of the owners of the premises are used for commercial purposes, as well as there are non-residential premises, it is necessary to know exactly on what basis these premises are occupied, and how utility bills are calculated for them.

Note to homeowners :

According to subparagraph p) of paragraph 31 of the Rules, it is the responsibility of the utility service provider to provide any consumer, within 3 working days from the date of receipt of an application from him, with written information for the billing periods requested by the consumer on the monthly volumes (quantity) of consumed communal resources according to the readings of collective (common house) appliances accounting (if any), on the total volume (quantity) of the relevant communal resources consumed in residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building, on the volumes (quantity) of communal resources calculated using utility consumption standards, on the volumes (quantity) of communal resources provided for general house needs.

Therefore, if any questions arise regarding payment for utilities, consumers of utilities should contact the contractor in a timely manner for appropriate clarifications.

Only consumer control can force performers to conscientiously approach the performance of their duties.

Chief Lawyer of the IA "Small Motherland" V. Shashnov

For any normal person, the sight of dirt causes negative emotions, especially cleanliness directly affects the health of his body.

In their own apartments people independently keep order, can create cleanliness and comfort at least every day.

At the entrances, cleaning and maintenance is included in, which serves the apartment building.

This requirement is set out in Housing Code in article 36. Below is a detailed description of the rules for maintaining staircases in order.

Definition of concepts and legislative regulation of the issue

The law does not provide for the presence of a cleaner for each separate entrance. She can clean from three to ten objects at once. If the housing and communal services do not provide such specialists at all, then it violates the law.

According to Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation 170, approved since September 27, 2003, stairwells must be cleaned by employees of the management company. It is also allowed to enter into agreements with contractors. In accordance with Government Decree on Article 290, adopted on April 3, 2013, as well as GOST on housing and communal duties and services, stairwells are cleaned by designated persons. Carrying out professional duties, they are guided by the rules from the listed documents.

Mandatory cleaning in the hallways multi-apartment residential complex is produced in accordance with the legislation of the Government of April 20, 2013. Display graphic arts A similar process is included in the annex to the contractual agreement with the housing authority.

Rules for putting things in order

From Section 36 of the Housing Code it follows that the common property of an apartment building consists of elevators, corridors, platforms, attics, technical floors, stairs, basements and other premises located in this building.

According to Government Decree 290 management company is responsible for performing a minimum number of various actions related to keeping the house clean and providing an acceptable image to each entrance.

In the same paragraph, provisions are made according to which cleaning and wet cleaning produced for the following areas:

• corridors and vestibules;
• window sills, elevators, window bars and pits;
• cabinets and doors to electrical panels;
• mailboxes and landings.

Cleaning entrances that meets all legal standards is a duty. Therefore, the cash tenants for its repair and maintenance are sent to this organization.

Frequency of implementation

By general specifications GOST of the Russian Federation 51617-2000 about housing and communal services, the cleaner must perform the following work:

Responsible for maintaining cleanliness

In accordance with the Government Decree, it is the responsibility of all public utilities to properly maintain the supporting structures of a residential building, equipment, engineering and technical systems.

From the twenty-third point, one can clearly distinguish actions related to the maintenance of the premises located in an apartment building. These include:

• implementation of wet and dry cleaning in halls, vestibules, galleries, corridors, cabins and elevator platforms, ramps, stairs;
• wiping dust that covers window grilles, window sills, stair railings, electric meter cabinets, mailboxes, low-voltage devices, door panels, boxes and handles, door closers;
• window glass cleaning;
• removing dirt from protective devices. As a rule, these are metal gratings, cell covers, pits, textile mats.

Conflict situations and methods of their resolution

At the moment, very often residents of apartments are faced with poor quality cleaning in the entrances. Many complain about the poor condition of flights of stairs due to a noticeable layer of dirt or dust on them, debris, cobwebs, surrounding inscriptions, including on the walls. Obviously, these situations arise due to irregular restoring order in the entrances.

Not everyone can silently react to this state of affairs, so they try to defend their own rights. You can be indignant for a long time, hoping for a change for the better, but the most operating method- this is to contact the housing and communal service or the managing organization serving the corresponding residential building. These companies are obliged to give advice on maintaining cleanliness in the premises, because the payment for utilities includes cleaning the entrances belonging to a particular house. Dissatisfied residents should be provided with qualified specialist advice.

Residents have the right to direct written claim in the form, about the dirty state staircases or porches. Such a document is drawn up in any form indicating the requirements. Employees of the management company or housing and communal services are required to provide a number of necessary clarifications on the application.

Conflicts may be related to the work of cleaners in the entrances. All complaints about the failure to fulfill their tasks, violation of laws on the maintenance of landings, as well as the absence of an employee at his place of work are submitted to the management of the management company at the place of residence. They, in turn, must take measures in relation to the negligent employee, including for further negligent attitude to their work, he will be removed from his post.

The housing management company must send a special commission, in order to assess how well the work was carried out to maintain cleanliness in the entrances.

If the apartment building maintenance company does not take any action on the complaint received from the owners, then they have every right to send to the following organizations:

• Federal Service Rospotrebnadzor;
• prosecutor's office;
• city ​​and district administration.

Consideration period sent complaints is no more than one month from the date of their receipt. If the application is urgent, the review period is reduced to one or five days.

Thus, maintaining cleanliness in the entrances of buildings with big number apartments, is a mandatory norm of legislation, approved on April 20, 2013. When concluding a contractual agreement with a management company serving an apartment building, a cleaning procedure must be attached to it. This organization is responsible for the execution of the provision of such a service to the owners of residential premises.

The rules for the provision of cleaning services in apartment buildings by management companies are described in the following video: