Water heaters with fan. Recommendations for choosing a heater for a ventilation system Functions of a heater
A heater is called a duct heater, the purpose of which in most cases is to heat the air in the air ventilation system to the required temperature. Note that heaters differ in their design. Thus, it is necessary to clearly understand not only the device itself, but the entire system before buying.
On the site http://baset.ru/oborudovanie/izgotovlenie_oborudovaniya_dlya_teplovoy_energetiki/energeticheskie_kaloriferyi you can find heaters on the most favorable terms. The following article will describe the main criteria for selecting equipment.
First of all, it is necessary to understand that the main functioning of the heater should be the energy environment. The most common types of heaters are:
- electrical;
- water;
- channel.
Really, electrical models the most common. The point is that they have big amount benefits. Unlike water heaters, electric heaters do not have a coolant.
Shadows are the main source of heat in them. Consequently, the installation of such a heater and further maintenance is several times less costly in terms of money.
We also note that the maintenance of electric heaters may well be carried out by a non-professional in the field of ventilation systems. With a water analogue, everything is somewhat more complicated. Tubes with water are arranged vertically and are installed perpendicular to the air flow.
The designated location of the tubes is not accidental. The fact is that in this case, water bubbles accumulate in the upper part of the device, from where they are removed using special taps.
Recall that the air ducts of ventilation systems can be made both round and rectangular. Insofar as the heaters are built directly into the system, they must repeat its configuration.
Note that the cost of heaters is not particularly dependent on the form factor. The main pricing criterion is the capacity of the heaters, which demonstrates the efficiency of the system.
Of course, the choice of a heater is always carried out for a specific system.
The video demonstrates an ordinary electric heater:
According to the type of coolant, heaters are distinguished:- water, - steam
According to the type of surface, steam and water heaters are distinguished: -smooth tubular, - ribbed.
According to the nature of the movement of the coolant, heaters are divided into: - one-way, - multi-way.
According to the number of rows of pipes, heaters are divided into two models: -medium (C) with three rows of pipes, -large (B) with four rows of pipes.
Heater: purpose and classification.
Heater- one of the most important elements climatic equipment that provides the required temperature parameters in rooms for various purposes. It is the function of these devices to heat the air in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and it is on their performance that the comfort of staying in the building and the premises of this building fully depends. Heater, due to its high performance, is widely used for heating rooms with large internal volumes? office centers, retail and warehouse premises, sports and entertainment complexes, stations Maintenance, garages and production shops. Mobility that many models have heaters, make it possible to use them in construction for heating enclosed spaces that are under construction or repair. Active use of these devices during construction works also explained by the fact that the classical heater is a device with small size and weight, easy to manage and unpretentious in operation. The high performance that heater, is explained by its ability to create a large temperature difference (70 - 110 degrees), which also makes it possible to use it in systems supply ventilation. In such cases heater successfully copes with its functions even at an air temperature outside the room, reaching values of - 25 degrees. The versatility that heater, lies also in the fact that in the warm season it can be used as a high-performance fan to ensure air circulation in ventilated rooms. It should be noted that heater as an element of the ventilation and heating system, it can operate at air temperatures outside the premises, the value of which varies from - 25 to + 40 degrees, and the humidity ranges from 25 to 98%. The high performance that such a device possesses makes it possible to use it to equip drying chambers. In such cases, the most common coolants entering the heater, are hot water or superheated steam, the temperature of which can be 180 - 190 degrees, and the value of the working pressure can reach 1.2 MPa.
Heater- it's quite simple technical device, it consists of elements that give off heat to the passing air, tube sheets, covers equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the coolant, as well as side shields covering its body.
The main classifying parameter heaters is the type of coolant it uses. So, depending on this criterion , heater it can be water - KSK, which uses hot water as a heat carrier, or steam - KPSk, which uses superheated dry steam.
Heater, in addition, may have different kind heat-releasing surface, depending on which it can be smooth-tubular and ribbed. Designs in which special fins are applied to the pipes, due to the larger heat-releasing surface area, are more efficient than devices with smooth surfaces.
Another parameter to classify heaters, is their design. So, there are spiral-rolling structures, bimetallic, attached to the coolant system by welding or special flanges and bolted connections.
Classification of heaters depending on their internal design.
The movement of the heat carrier inside heater can be organized according to two main principles, which is ensured by the design of this device. Water heaters KSK are multi-pass devices. The movement of hot water in such devices passes through special collectors with partitions. Partitions are installed in the transverse plane, which allows you to give the movement of hot water in the collectors a consistent character. The use of such constructive solutions allows you to give the movement of the coolant a high speed, which most directly affects the increase in the intensity of heat transfer. Multi-pass devices, due to their properties, are more efficient than single-pass designs. As a rule, multi-pass devices are installed in systems with a horizontal arrangement of heat-releasing elements.
Steam heater KPSk is a one-way device installed in systems with vertical arrangement heat transfer elements. Devices with this principle of passing the coolant have branch pipes on both sides, which provide its supply and discharge. The coolant from the distribution box enters simultaneously into all the tubes of the single-pass device and passes through them only once, giving up its heat to the passing air flow along the way.
Heater, depending on the power, may contain a different number of rows of pipes in its design. So, they distinguish between medium devices containing three rows of pipes, and large heaters, the design of which contains four rows of pipes.
A separate category is the so-called electrical heaters, the design of which is equipped with a special electric heater. Such devices with small overall dimensions and mass, are completely autonomous, they do not require a centralized network of hot water or steam and need only an electrical supply. The biggest disadvantage of such devices, which significantly limits their use, is their low power, which allows them to be used only for rooms with small dimensions. In addition, such devices consume a fairly large amount of electrical energy, which in some cases can be very critical.
Advantages of using water heaters.
Water heater, using as a coolant hot water, is one of the most efficient devices of this kind, allowing you to heat large rooms in a relatively short period of time. What is important, this consumes a small amount of electricity, which makes such a device also very economical. Such heater, depending on its design, can work on the principle of closed air circulation or take it from outside. As a rule, closed systems are used in cases where people are constantly in a heated room. The second type of such devices can be used to heat any premises: warehouses, hangars for various purposes, basements, etc.
Water heater, in addition to its efficiency, it also has high security. To date, such devices with different capacities are successfully used for heating warehouses and shopping malls, industrial premises, gyms, service stations, garages, greenhouse farms and livestock farms. Even with low power and overall dimensions, such a device, due to its high performance, is able to heat large rooms. So, for example, setting heater at the top of the room and directing the flow of warm air down, you can effectively eliminate the temperature gradient and ensure uniform heating of the air throughout the volume. If necessary, you can create entire heating systems made up of several such devices, each of which is equipped with a thermostat responsible for turning them on and off. The creation of such systems, composed of several series-connected water devices, can significantly reduce the cost of heating rooms characterized by a large volume.
Most importantly, water heater connects to the existing building heating system, which does not require the creation of special conditions and additional financial costs for its installation and launch. Electricity, which such a device necessarily needs, is not spent on heating, but only on ensuring the operation of the fan, which consumes it in very small quantities.
High water efficiency heaters, their ability to provide rapid heating of air in heated rooms is achieved due to the following factors:
The use of hot water as a heat carrier from the central heating system of the building, which, as a rule, has a fairly high temperature;
The use of tubular finned heat exchangers in the design of such devices, which allow efficient heat exchange between hot water and passing air
The presence in the design of such devices of fans that effectively mix the air, making it as homogeneous as possible in terms of its temperature parameters;
The use in the design of such heaters special blinds with adjustable flaps, with which you can direct the heated air exactly to the part of the room where it is most needed at a given time.
A heating device that heats the air in rooms due to its contact with the walls of pipes or other channels through which hot gas, steam or water passes.
orff.
heater, -a
CALOR'IFER, heater, male. (from lat. calor - warmth and fero - I carry) (tech.).
1. A device for introducing some amount of heat somewhere.
heater m.
The device for air heating in systems of air heating, ventilation and in dryers.
Calorifer, m. [from Latin. calor - warmth and fero - I carry] (tech.). 1. A device for introducing somewhere. some amount of heat. 2. A device for heating a room with heated air, consisting of a furnace and a pipe system ...
Big Dictionary foreign wordssee calorimeter
Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary(from lat. calor - heat and fero - I carry)
a device for heating air in air heating systems, ventilation and dryers. Radiators are lamellar, made of smooth pipes, spirally ribbed, petal, etc. Radiators are widespread - lamellar ...
HEATER -a; m. [French. calorifère from lat. calor - heat and fero - I carry] A device for heating air in air heating, ventilation and drying systems. Vodyanoy k. Steam k.
◁ Calorific, th, th. K heating. K dryers.
Ah, m.
Device for air heating in air heating, ventilation and drying systems.
Water heater. Steam heater.
[From lat. calor - heat and fero - I carry]
Heater/.
Morphemic spelling dictionaryHEATER (from Latin calor - heat and fero - I carry) - a heat exchanger (plate, smooth pipes, etc.) for heating air in air heating systems, ventilation and dryers.
Big encyclopedic dictionaryHeater, heaters, heater, heaters, heater, heaters, heater, heaters, heater, heaters, heater, heaters
Zaliznyak's grammar dictionaryHEATER, a, m. A device for heating air a system of smooth or lamellar pipes, through which hot water, steam or heated air flows.
| adj. calorific, oh, oh.
noun, number of synonyms: 8 air heater 8 guitarist 11 heater 26 oven 78 radiola 8 heater 3 heat exchanger 16 electric heater 2
HEATER a, m. calorifère m. A device consisting of a furnace and a pipe system for heating a room with heated air, hot water or steam. BAS-1.
Dictionary of Russian GallicismsThis name is used to call stoves for heating large rooms with one central hearth through heated air distributed through pipes. Sometimes the same name is given to indoor stoves equipped with air channels, like Sobolshchikov's stoves and others.
encyclopedic Dictionary Brockhaus and EfronHeater with ceramic pipes for the movement of warm air that heats the room.
(Terms of the Russian architectural heritage. Pluzhnikov V.I., 1995)
noun, number of synonyms: 1 oven 78
Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian languageorff.
bake- heater, kilns heater, and.
Heating system in which the hot smoke coming out of the hog is distributed over metal pipes, located in several rows for heat transfer to different rooms, after which it goes outside through a common chimney.
(Terms of the Russian architectural heritage. Pluzhnikov V.I., 1995)
Recently Teplomash introduced the KEV-25T3W2 water fan heater. For power, the device needs an influx of hot water passing through the internal coil, equipped with a powerful plate radiator. The structure is blown by a fan, with a flow rate of 800 cubic meters per hour. It is logical to use the device for supply heating and simply in the form of a convector with forced airflow. The variant of execution, of course, is industrial. The price is 15,000 rubles plus the dealer's commission. Water heaters with a fan operate on a similar principle.
What is a heat exchanger and heater
Imagine that you need to not only make ventilation in the house, in addition to meet two criteria:
- Forced air injection.
- Space heating if necessary.
The stated requirements are met by the heat exchanger in combination with additional equipment. The purpose of the measures for the additional equipment of buildings is:
- Reduce energy costs for heating by supplying premises fresh air from the street.
- Control humidity, save water vapor as much as possible.
- Monitor the operation of the ventilation system.
A lot of energy is wasted in winter. Reason: it's cold outside, plus the ventilation blows the lion's share into the pipe. If you make sure that ventilation brings heat? Look: if we take cold air from the street, the volume must be heated, ahead of spending on electricity and other energy sources. Let's reduce consumption: at the expense of the energy of the air emitted to the street, taken away at the exit from the building.
The flow moves along the trajectory of a closed figure eight (sign of infinity), gives off part of the heat to the air entering from outside. Through a special permeable membrane, a significant part of the steam enters the heated stream. The air becomes humid and does not dry the room. Let's talk about how the heat exchanger works, why we need a heater with a fan.
Imagine a house that is always cold. It is undesirable to install supply valves behind wall convectors, and so the bills for management companies are high, the equipment cannot cope. Without supply valves, there is no ventilation, the air is stale. Installed aluminum windows and double doors, there is no life. So it is necessary forced ventilation. But taking air from the street is expensive. It is necessary to carry out outlet and intake channels of the ventilation system to each room, which would converge at one point.
In the indicated node, there is a recuperator that closes the figure eight. Air from the street meets here in the exchanger with room air, but the jets are separated by a water-permeable membrane in area (length). Under the influence of cold, moisture condenses on the fabric, under the influence of gravity, it begins to seep down to the dry cold stream from the street. As a result, the flow simultaneously receives heat through the membrane and is enriched with moisture (improves the immunity of the residents, leaving the mucous membranes in a normal state). That's not all.
Fans are required for the system to function. As a rule, exhaust, located in the body of the heat exchanger. Two are allowed:
- at the room air inlet;
- at the fresh air outlet.
At each turn of the duct, 10% of the power is lost. The total is divided between rooms and floors. The temperature is not enough to maintain the microclimate. The only small heat exchanger will not cope with such a load. This is where a heater comes in handy.
Heaters for air heating and ventilation
The heater is a duct type heater. The unit is always mounted for its intended purpose in the ventilation or heating duct to heat the air. It is used as a wall convector. After the heat exchanger, the air is heated additionally, it is colder than room air. For the result, a hot heater coil is inserted into the channel. Why you need a fan - the coil is an obstacle to the air flow. The heat exchanger is not designed to cope with ventilation alone, overcoming an extra obstacle. The unit is assisted by a built-in heater fan.
Of course, the device turns on when necessary. In summer, hot water must be turned off so that the heat does not go into the room. It is better to put a valve controlled by a duct thermostat. It turns out that there is an extra waste of energy to overcome the resistance of the heater, but the costs are offset by savings on heating. Please note that air from the toilet room (bathroom) is not included in the circulation path, otherwise the jet will exchange vapors on the recuperator membrane with the inlet flow, the building rooms will be filled with a specific aroma.
As a rule, a heater with a fan operates in several modes. Each is characterized by water consumption, cooling degree, air consumption. There is a possibility of connection to a branch of European class central heating (60 ºС) and a special steam boiler at 150 ºС. For the above water heater with a fan, the solution looks like this:
The figures are given for an inlet flow temperature of 15 ºС and maximum flow air (1200 cubic meters per hour), only three:
- 600 cu. m/h
- 900 cu m/h
- 1200 cu. m/h
Remember, a water heater with a fan is used as an accessory that does not work to create thrust, but accelerates the existing jet. Therefore, we expect that the practical air flow is expected to be slightly higher, even taking into account the windings of the ventilation tract.
Criteria for choosing a heater
A weighty argument for choosing a water heater with a fan has already been named: the possibility of uninterrupted operation from the water temperature set in the house. Not everyone wants to separately install a steam boiler specifically for a water heater with a fan, the desire to use a heating branch at 60 ºС is understandable. However, the power of the output stream drops dramatically in this case. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate in advance whether the heat exchanger will raise the temperature in the branch to 15 ºС. If the answer is positive, no difficulties are foreseen. 22 ºС - even more than doctors advise to maintain indoors.
In this case, a liter of water is consumed in 25 seconds. Do not overload the heating circuit. Difficulties will begin in the summer, when a water heater with a fan becomes an unnecessary burden. The recuperator can switch to summer mode, in which the air passes directly to the outlet, bypassing the membrane, but we don’t know if the device in question is capable of doing the same. They tend to think they can't. For the summer it is better to dismantle the unit.
How to choose a heater
Firstly, the device must be able to regulate the operating modes by an external electrical signal of standard equipment. For example, a thermostat. The considered device is a conventional fan heater used as a heater. The unit only listens to the remote remote control and buttons. This is equipment for the room, which can, for example, be mounted at the outlet of the ventilation duct. We believe that it is allowed to install such a device inside the tract. From the passport operating conditions it is clear that there will be no violations.
Water heaters KSK, KPSk are seen as more unpretentious and simple devices. There is no description on the dealer's website other than the heatsink material being made of aluminum and also purely specifications. It is not even clear whether a fan is placed inside the device. We will not advertise a disgustingly described product.
The devices are discussed in detail on the site kalorifer.net, from which it becomes clear that devices for 5000 rubles are an ordinary coil, there is no electronics inside. This is easy to install, but the device will reduce the performance of the heat exchanger in terms of air flow, which will require adjustments or the installation of an additional fan. In this case, the proposed approach with the KEV-25T3W2 does not look too primitive, eliminating the emerging difficulties. And the speed of rotation of the engine can be changed from the outside. In addition, ask the manufacturer.
We told what a heater is, mentioned a couple of designs, simple and complex. Readers have become aware of the varieties produced. For the case described in the article, a device controlled by a thermostat through speed control devices is required. induction motor. We hope that we have shown what to look for when buying a heater.
Of course, the device can also be used separately. Or equip rooms where heating is especially required, this will drastically reduce costs and increase the efficiency of the system.
Ensuring optimal access of fresh and clean air to living spaces, especially in warm weather, is a fairly simple task. To do this, it is only necessary that the supply ventilation is equipped with a fan with sufficient power.
However, in winter period the existing concept should be radically changed to the arrangement of the entire ventilation system. In this case, it is recommended to pay special attention to air heaters for supply ventilation, which will take full care of establishing free access to housing for a sufficient amount of warm air and a favorable microclimate in the rooms.
A heater is a device (equipment) designed to carry out heat exchange by heating an air flow by contacting it with a certain number of heating elements.
Such a device is installed in ventilation systems, both in the form of stand-alone modules, and in combination with monoblock structures.
Types of heaters used in supply-type ventilation systems
The choice of such devices for is based, as a rule, on several main factors, which include productivity, total area of \u200b\u200bthe room, equipment power, as well as climatic features of a particular area. Taking into account all the above characteristics, the following types are used:
- electric air heaters for forced ventilation - the use of this type of heater is considered the most economically justified, based on the fact that the electric air heater does not require complex communications (it is enough to connect the device to the power supply) and is equipped with special heating elements for the most efficient heat exchange, which convert electrical energy into thermal energy.
- water heaters for supply ventilation - their main purpose is to heat air in ventilation systems with a round and rectangular section, so they are successfully used for heating cottages, shops, large complexes, warehouses and premises, including livestock farms.
The use of electric heaters is effective when the area of the ventilated room is within 100-150m2. The main advantage of such heaters is simplicity. installation work and their general availability, but the disadvantage is high level energy consumption.
Water heaters are quite practical, profitable and reliable devices for efficient heating of large volumes of air (more than 150 m2) and do not require constant or frequent maintenance. The quality of their work depends entirely on the availability of automatic control.
When mounted at the top point downwards, the water heater is able to quickly and easily equalize the temperature air mass rooms, thanks to the equipment of this type of heat exchangers with a special thermostat. For better heating, such devices can be combined into a single design.
The ventilation system based on water heaters operates according to the scheme: the external air flow entering through the air intake grids, passing through the louvered grilles, enters the filter section, in which it is directly cleaned from dust and all kinds of mechanical impurities. After that, the purified air enters the heater for further heating by means of the heat given off by the main water.
Among the wide range of water heaters, heaters with the use of bimetallic and aluminum finning elements have gained particular popularity.
Strapping methods
The regulating reinforcing cage (strapping the air heater), depending on the source of heated water used, is often carried out in two ways:
- the use of two-way valves - in cases of using a city network in which the consumption of the reverse amount of water is not fixed, there is only a need to maintain a constant temperature;
- the use of three-way valves - in cases of consumption from a boiler or boiler room, where the flow rate of the reverse volume of water is strictly fixed, and any changes affect the normal functioning of the entire system. It will also be useful for you to read how to organize .
Determination of the required installation power value
When selecting heating equipment for arranging supply ventilation, it is mandatory to have the necessary indicators:
- performance based on the outdoor air flow of the environment;
- pressure, which is created by the operation of the fans;
- total power of the heating device;
- area of air supply pipes;
- allowable rate of occurrence of various kinds of noise effects;
- air flow rate.
Particular attention is paid to determining the power level of the heater.
The process of installing heaters is used in supply ventilation systems in order to heat the outside air, mainly in cold weather. The power index can be calculated based on the parameters of ventilation performance, the minimum, as well as the set temperature of the air flows, both outside and at the outlet. For effective work the supply system is often equipped with a power regulator designed to reduce the fan speed during the cold period.
A number of significant rules and restrictions should be taken into account:
- possibility of application different type nutrition;
- a three-phase connection is necessary when using a heater with a power of more than 5 kW. In this case, three-phase power is the most acceptable option, since the current will be much lower.
The maximum allowable value of the current consumed by the heater equipment is calculated on the basis of a fairly simple formula:
I = P (power) / U (supply voltage)
For a single-phase voltage, the value of U is equated to 220V, with a three-phase supply - 660V.
An important parameter is also the temperature of the supply air flow when heating the heater of a given power parameter, which is calculated by the formula:
T =2.98 x P (power) / L (ventilation system capacity)
The standard values of the calculated power of the calorific installation for apartments and houses can be 1-5 kW and 5-50 kW - at enterprises or in the office. In cases where it is impossible to use an electric type of heater device with a given power, one should resort to installing a water heater, which uses water from various systems heating, including autonomous or central.
In general, in small rooms it is more expedient to install heaters for supply ventilation on an electric basis, as they are easy to use and do not take much time to install. For large buildings the best option will be the installation of water heaters, thanks to which electricity is significantly saved and the energy costs required for heating water are reduced.
