Do-it-yourself wooden panel houses. Assembling a house from sip panels. Forced ventilation for a house from SIP panels

Panel houses are familiar to every Russian from the numerous high-rise buildings in the residential areas of the city. Due to the low quality of construction, a rather skeptical attitude of consumers has developed towards this technology. According to the established opinion, panel technology is applicable only in multi-storey construction of budget housing and does not make it possible to build a warm and beautiful house. We hasten to dissuade you. A panel house is a modern, warm and in many cases prefabricated do-it-yourself structure.

Competitive technologies for rapid construction of buildings

We will talk about three technologies: "sip panels", three-layer concrete panels, KA-panels. box building cost one-story house for 150 sq. meters with the choice of the project will cost:

from sip panels - $ 8.5 thousand, the construction time of the frame - 1-3 weeks;
from three-layer concrete panels - $ 6 thousand, the construction period of the box - 10 days;
from KA-panels (caliary load-bearing panels) - $ 7.5 thousand, a guarantee of 120 years, a construction period - 10-15 days.

The listed construction technologies are offered at comparable prices for the construction of a box house. Each has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages that deserve special attention.

Three-layer concrete panels for building a house

Concrete three-layer panels are considered by many to be a more reliable construction compared to other prefabricated technologies. Thanks to the insulation, the house also becomes very warm. Due to the hollow core filled with mineral filler, the construction of the box does not create an increased load on the foundation, while the structure of concrete structures is definitely stronger and more stable than the house of sip panels.

House sets are offered for sale according to standard projects and with a lined facade. Buying a ready-made kit allows you to assemble a box in 10 days, which from the inside requires only inexpensive repair thanks to perfectly smooth walls. Reinforced concrete structure has high strength. With its help, you can build tall houses.

The disadvantages of this technology include the need for installation using heavy construction equipment. At the same time, panel houses made of three-layer concrete can be built with your own hands for 20-30% cheaper than a similar structure made of sip materials. This is a very significant plus and a factor contributing to the choice of this particular construction method.

Video review on the construction of villages of their reinforced concrete panels

Do-it-yourself house from sip panels: advantages, disadvantages, design and installation supervision

Another construction option panel house involves the use of sip panels. These are well-known special construction panels made of expanded polystyrene and OSB boards. On sale there are both typical structural elements that can be used to build your own house, as well as ready-made house kits.

Canadian sip panels are technologically related to multilayer sandwich panels, they were developed in Canada, so in advertising you often hear about Canadian houses. This material, despite its lightness and apparent fragility, is able to freely withstand temperatures in the range from -50C to +50C, earthquakes up to 7.5 points. A plate based on expanded polystyrene, in terms of its heat capacity, retains heat 6 times better than brickwork. Despite the porous structure, the sip panel insulation does not burn.

You can freely build a house according to any chosen project from sip panels with your own hands, this will require 1-2 assistants. The construction can take from 3 weeks to build the box up to 3 months on a turnkey basis, installation can be carried out both in winter and summer time. The advantage of this type building material is the ease of construction, ease of installation and a wide variety of standard projects that you can choose for the construction of a cottage.

There are many opinions regarding the environmental friendliness of sip technology. Buyers need to independently assess the risks and familiarize themselves with the materials on the two components of the sip board: polystyrene foam and OSB. Both materials are time-tested and environmentally friendly.

Buying a ready-made house kit will help you avoid mistakes in design calculations. Building a house according to your own sketch from standard elements will cost less. If there is a need to further reduce the cost, you can make a sip panel yourself. The panel house shown in the video tutorial can be assembled by hand in a few weeks or more short term. How to design a house, draw up a drawing and make an installation is described by an experienced architect in a video.

Video review on sip panel technology

Video instruction for designing a house from sip panels

Video instruction for the manufacture of sip panels

Video review of the step-by-step assembly of a house from sip panels

House from KA-panels (Vekchel)

KA-panels or calier load-bearing panel is a rare panel material for the construction of low-rise buildings with a service life of up to 120 years. The technology was created in Russia and has every chance of being big success, thanks to the unique qualities of the building material. The panels are produced by Ecoterm and are a metal-reinforced wood structure, which is very convenient for self-assembly and ideal for quick DIY home assembly.

Advantages of KA panels:

full resistance to atmospheric and internal moisture;
resistance to temperature extremes;
panels are not subject to rotting and freezing.

The company's production is located in Yekaterinburg, but the cost of delivery of the house kit will be low. The advantage of KA-panels is the availability and rapid construction of one- and two-storey houses, cottages.

"Ecoterm" produces three types of panels: ordinary, corner, jumpers with a thickness of 100, 150 and 200 m in accordance with TU 5284-001-24522523-2006. The manufacturer offers standard house designs, for each you can purchase a ready-made house kit. On average, turnkey construction with finishing will cost from 1 million rubles (about $17,000) to 3 million rubles.

panel house "Harmony" (136 sq. m) - 490 thousand rubles, 1.53 million rubles on a turnkey basis;
panel house "Erker" (240 sq. m) - 710.800 thousand rubles, 3 million rubles on a turnkey basis.

prepare the foundation;
install metal guides;
set the corner and corner structural elements;
install wall panels;
fasten together with plates and self-tapping screws;
make a strapping of panels;
carry out roofing work.

Based on the list of works on the installation of KA-panels, this option panel construction more suitable for self-assembly. Easy and fast assembly is undoubtedly key feature this building technology. It is a promising building material.

Conclusion

Buyers today have a choice of how to build a house, a cottage, outbuildings from sip panels, KA-panels or reinforced concrete sandwich panels with their own hands. Each of the described technologies is available for independent construction. Panels allow you to build a house similar to a house made of profiled timber, but the building will be much cheaper.

The construction industry is gaining momentum every day and improving. Thanks to these processes, it is possible to build a massive house of any number of storeys at minimal cost. Moreover, such a building will have high quality. Besides high level You can evaluate the strength of the SIP video panel by watching the video in this article. In our article, we will get acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of such a material, and how to build a house from sip panels.

The main advantages of SIP panels

Do-it-yourself construction of houses from sip panels is gaining momentum in popularity. Why is this happening? Sip panels in relation to other materials have the following advantages:

Attention! Such unique features make it possible to make almost any type of building out of Sip, from warehouses to country cottages.

The main disadvantages of buildings from Sip

In this section, we need to consider all the shortcomings of the material for building a house from vulture products passed without unforeseen problems:

Sip buildings are usually not oxygen-permeable, so they keep the air inside the building. The problem can be solved by regular airing of the rooms.
Construction work takes less than 7 days, during which the weather can change, so think about the drainage system in advance.
A low level of fire resistance requires high-quality electrical wiring and fire alarms.
In addition, the blind area should be made wider so that in winter period easily clear the path.

If you have already decided on the material, and this is exactly Sip panels, then below we will look at how to build a house according to Canadian technology with your own hands.

Building a house with your own hands

The construction of buildings from such material includes some stages of construction:

Preparatory stage;
Arrangement of flooring;
Wall installation;
Roof arrangement;
Finishing work.

Let's look at each stage of the work in more detail.

Preparatory work

Before proceeding with the construction of an object from SIP panels, it is necessary to perform the following series of actions:

The first thing we do is drafting a project. For this you can use finished project or do it yourself: a video on how to do this can be viewed below;
To perform the work, you need to purchase a hacksaw and a screwdriver.
To build such kind of fit a common type of foundation, such as a screw foundation.
Next, we perform waterproofing. To do this, you can use a two-layer roofing material.
We lay the laying of the strapping beam, which will serve as the basis for the floor.

We equip the floor

Now we can start laying the floor base. To do this, you need to use panels. We put them over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe building, but before that, waterproofing should be performed. This will help us either bituminous mastic, or ruberoid. Each groove should be treated with a sealant - this is necessary for splicing the panels.

Attention! In order to fix the parts more strongly, you can use self-tapping screws, and then lubricate all the ends with a special agent.

We mount the walls

After the previous stages are completed, construction can begin. frame house. To do this, follow these steps:

We mount the frame horizontally along the entire perimeter of the building. The lower strapping must be carried out in accordance with all existing standards.
Next, we install the corner panels, from which the following Sip products are attached in different directions.
In order to avoid distortions, it is necessary to use the building level.
The upper selections of panel elements must be treated with sealant.
After we proceed to the upper strapping.

Roof installation

With such a construction, there is no need to create a truss structure, since the structure is able to withstand heavy loads. Also, for this stage, it is not necessary to additionally perform steam and waterproofing. You can see in more detail on the video of building a house from sip panels. In general, the installation process of the roof is carried out in the same way as the installation of walls.

Finishing work

If the walls are made of Sip panels, then the building receives a large number of advantages in relation to other types. So, they are characterized by a smooth and even surface. That is why Finishing work much easier to perform than for other materials. To do this, you can use drywall, while not mounting the frame. You can also use clapboard, siding, tiles or stones. You can attach finishing products using building glue.

Attention! Flooring can be created using parquet, tiles, linoleum and other options.

Having completed the construction of a building from sip panels, you can achieve a very stable and reliable result. Plus, the price will pleasantly please you.

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

The technology of building houses from SIP (SIP) panels has been used for several decades in North America. Such construction is also widespread in Europe. The popularity of this technology is due to the reliability of the design, the high speed of construction, regardless of weather conditions, and good heat-shielding performance. The ease of assembly makes it possible to build a house from SIP panels with your own hands without involving a large team and heavy equipment.

Features of this technology

The fact that this type of construction is feasible can be seen by looking at the photo report below on the carried out construction work. The information below shows how to build a house from SIP panels yourself.

For complete clarity, it should be noted that the concept of SIP panel came from in English- SIP (Structural Insulated Panel) is translated as a constructive heat-insulated panel (see photo).

Houses made of such sandwich panels can also cope with transverse loads ( hurricane winds), and with the weight of snow on the roof.

The main stages of building a house from SIP panels

If construction is planned on land where there was nothing before, the placement of the house on the site will be associated solely with the personal preferences of the owners, and with the placement standards regarding land boundaries. If a pipeline passes nearby, sewer drains are equipped, care must be taken not to touch communications during the construction process.

Foundation markings are being made.

Foundation construction

The light weight of a house made of sandwich panels minimizes the cost of building a foundation. A massive structure is not needed here. Lightweight buildings from SIP panels can be placed on the following types of foundations:

tape;
pile-screw;
slab.

Of course, you can equip the basement.

Here it was decided to build a house without a basement. First, with the help of heavy equipment, a site was equipped, a small deepening under the foundation was made. When indentations are made according to project documentation, equip the formwork and pour concrete mortar.

Cinder blocks are installed on the strip foundation, which are reinforced and poured with concrete.

In this situation, 988 blocks are used. It turns out a rather high basement of the house. This helps to protect the house from moisture and insects. Instead of cinder blocks, you can simply use concrete to fill the basement.

Arrangement of the lower level

It is believed that SIP panels are very durable. You can easily find a video where a truck rides on such a panel, and it does not deform at all. Therefore, the floor in the house is made from this material. Only first, waterproofing is laid on the foundation. The first panel is placed on it, combining with the corner of the foundation. The joints of the panels are filled with foam. A connecting pin is also installed there. The second panel is attached close to the first. The connecting dowels, to which the panels themselves are screwed, will stiffen all structures.

When laying the panels it is necessary to check the level. If there are deviations, they must be eliminated. The end part of the laid panels is closed with strapping boards; foam is used when fixing them. As a result, outwardly the floor of the first floor will resemble a monolithic panel.

Laying communications

Pre-prepared technological holes are used for laying communications. This is both a water supply system and a sewerage system.

These works must be carried out before laying the final floor.

Arrangement of internal partitions

Usually internal partitions are installed simultaneously with the construction of load-bearing walls.

But if there are delays in the delivery of panels, you can first install the frame of internal partitions in accordance with the diagrams and drawings of the project documentation.

Installation of SIP panels

The main stage of building a house from SIP panels with your own hands is the installation of the panels themselves.

It is necessary to fasten this material without gaps and voids. The tighter the connection, the more comfortable it will be to live in the house. Joints to be filled mounting foam. Fasteners are carried out with self-tapping screws. It is better to fix the panel to the guide beam on the foundation with anchor bolts in order to exclude possible shifts during the shrinkage of the foundation. The number of butt joints should be kept to a minimum. That's why best option- building a house from SIP panels, made specifically for a specific project.

When the walls of the first floor are assembled, the timber and floor panels are laid.

roof construction

A Mauerlat is made, a truss system is mounted, on which SIP panels are installed, and a roof is already attached to it. You can see in detail how the roof is being equipped, you can see

Installation of SIP panels. Instruction

An example of installation of SIP panel units is given for the use of panels with a thickness of 150 mm expanded polystyrene insulation and 12 mm OSB walls.

Depending on climatic conditions and customer needs, it may be appropriate to use thicker panels with 200 mm insulation.

Node #1. Foundation-Floor-Wall

Recall that when building a house on a monolithic slab, there is no need to use a strapping beam and SIP panels as a floor. Therefore, we will dwell in more detail on the features of installation on a strip and pile foundation.

As for the slab, it is more cost-effective to use other methods of subfloor insulation, for example, with high-density extruded polystyrene foam.

Laying on the foundation 2 or more layers of waterproofing to prevent saturation of the tree with moisture. This condition applies to all types of foundations.

Waterproofing must be strong enough so that under the weight of the whole house the properties of reliable insulation from moisture are not violated for decades.

A strapping beam is laid on the waterproofing and securely fastened to the tape with a step of 400 mm or to the pile heads. The strapping beam should be at least 45x145 mm, but it is better to use a larger size, for example, 90x145 mm or 145x145 mm.

Read more about the features of its installation in the description of the arrangement of foundations.

Fasten the strapping bar into the tape is necessary using anchor bolts with a diameter of 12-14 mm. The bolt nut should be recessed into the beam and not stick out. To do this, pre-drill a small hole in it with a larger diameter than the nut. The anchor must penetrate at least 100 mm into the foundation.

Fasten the strapping bar to the pile using a stud 12-16 mm with 2 nuts. The ideal option is to weld a stud into the center of the pile head with a 100-200 mm penetration inside the pile, followed by concreting the pile and welding the head to it. 2 or more layers of waterproofing are also laid on the pile, and the pin passes through the strapping beam through and through. It is cut off at the level of the beam and fixed with a nut with a pre-prepared hole to the nut was sunk into the beam.

Laying of SIP panels begins on the strapping beam in accordance with the laying plan. For the floor, it makes sense to use 625 mm wide panels to increase the number of joists. The design of the foundation must take into account the presence of support points and strapping beams under all internal walls.

In quality construction they try to reduce the number of cold bridges and, accordingly, thermal seams. Therefore, it is advisable to mount the outer wall of the SIP panel before attaching the strapping beam, and start the floor panel behind this outer wall (see Node 1.1). This solution will require the use of a higher wall SIP panel.

Economical option provides for the installation of wall SIP panels directly on the floor panels. In this case, there will be 3 thermal seams instead of 1. (see Knot 1.2), but the panels can be used in a smaller height. For builders, this solution is quicker and easier, as each wall panel does not need to be trimmed. But live in your house!

By choosing one of these options, you can proceed with the installation of floor SIP panels. They will either be shifted to the center of the house by 12 mm (the wall thickness of the OSB wall panel) in the first option, or they will go flush with the strapping beam - according to option 2.

Floor panels are mounted according to the layout plan using the installation information of Node No. 2 Panel-Panel.

An important nuance - the lower part of the floor SIP panels is covered with mastic, to protect them from moisture in the ground. If possible the lower thermal gap of the floor panels is also sealed. If it is impossible to gain access to it after mounting the panel, it is necessary to apply sealant in advance

on an already installed panel.

There is also an alternative opinion that mastic cannot be used on the lower part of the first floor ceilings. If moisture penetrates from inside the house into the floor coverings, it will have nowhere to go. This may be due to poor-quality sealing of the seams (for example, they simply foamed it, instead of using the thermal seam technology).

The floor panels are fastened to the strapping beam first with a 4x60 mm self-tapping screw diagonally from the ends. This is necessary to prevent displacement of the panels in the plane of the foundation. After the installation of all floor panels is completed, their ends are closed with an antiseptic dry planed board 45x145 mm (end board in the diagram).

All technology the tabs of the beams in the panel must be pre-foamed with high-quality mounting foam-glue. In order for the foam to work as efficiently as possible, Before applying the foam, surfaces should be sprayed with water from a spray bottle.. The polymerization of the foam occurs under the influence of moisture, and this simple action will achieve best quality foam curing.

When the floor is completely ready, it begins installation of a connecting beam for fastening wall SIP panels. You can use 45x145 mm (in the diagram) or 90x145 mm - depending on the design of the house and the required balance of strength and thermal characteristics. The wall fastening beam is foamed from below and placed on the floor SIP panel.

There is a modification of the technology, when a rolled polyethylene foam insulation with a width of a beam and a thickness of 2-3 mm is laid between this board and a floor SIP panel, or 2 grooves 3-4 mm are made in the board and a cord of foamed polyethylene 6-8 mm is laid (in the diagram these insulation options are not shown).

The connecting beam of the wall is fixed with a high-strength structural self-tapping screw TORX M8x280 mm (purple in the diagram). The length of the self-tapping screw is chosen so that it passes through the floor panel to the middle of the strapping beam). Fastening step - 400 mm. This is a very important node for attaching the wall to the foundation, we do not recommend saving on it!

Do not forget about the correct location of the mounting board on the floor SIP panel. When working according to Option No. 1, the board is flush with the panel. When working according to the economical Option No. 2, the board is displaced inside the house by 12 mm (OSB thickness of the wall panel). Before installing the wall panel, the floor attachment board is sprayed with water and foamed from all sides (green seam in the diagram).

The wall panel is fastened to the fastening board from 2 sides (outside and inside the house) using TORX 4x60 mm structural self-tapping screws with a pitch of 150 mm.

Node #2. Panel-Panel

SIP panels are interconnected using connecting bar.

Its dimensions can be different: for panels with a thickness of insulation 150 mm, a dry planed antiseptic beam 145 mm wide and 90 mm thick is used (see diagram Option No. 1). The sampling grooves in the insulation are made with a depth of 40-45 mm.

Lightweight structures can be connected with timber / board 145x45 mm (see diagram Option No. 2).

The same lightweight version is sometimes used for roof panels. The depth of the groove in this case is 20-25 mm.

Also used dry planed board 145x25 mm for insertion into the grooves of the sample at the ends of the SIP panels. For example, in the lower and upper parts of the wall, along the perimeter of the floor panels, these are the ends of the roof overhangs.

Before inserting the beam into the panel groove, it is necessary to moisten the surfaces with water using a sprayer, then apply mounting foam into the SIP panel groove.

If the size of the beam and the depth of the insulation sample in the SIP panel are correctly selected, then the thermal seam between the walls of the panels will be 3-5 mm.

For high-quality sealing of the seam, it is necessary to use Izolon cord and sealant(see above). In this case, the thermal gap is called thermal seam - it will be elastic, air-moisture-proof and will ensure a long service life of the SIP at home.

In cheap SIP construction, thermal seam technology is not used. All thermal gaps are foamed with mounting foam, which is cut off after drying.

The obvious disadvantage of this solution is that the foam under the influence of oxygen gradually collapses and crumbles. Moisture will get into the seam, and it will not only cold bridge, but also the probability of damage to the beam and the end of the panel fungi.

Cut ends of OSB boards SIP panels most susceptible to fungal damage, so they should be treated with an antiseptic. Ideally, buy SIP panels immediately with processed ends + independently process the ends when cutting a solid panel.

If a SIP panel is used 200 mm thick, for a more durable option, a connecting beam is suitable 195x90 mm, and for lightweight - 195x45 mm.

A durable option is used if the house is being built voluminous or on several floors. A board 195x25 mm is also used to seal the ends of the panels.

In cheap SIP construction, builders can save on the use of quality timber of the desired thickness. There are 2 options for replacing timber with smaller boards.

Option number 3

Instead of a 90x145 mm beam, 2 dry planed boards 45x145 mm are used, fastened together with self-tapping screws and foam. It is obvious that this connection will provide a significant cold bridge over time.

Option number 4

3 boards are used to recreate the size of the beam 90x145 mm. This option is more difficult to manufacture, but the cold bridge will be smaller than in option No. 3.

Node #3. Panel angle 90,45,135o

There are several options for node mounting schemes. Options "Economy" with boards sticking out and 3 thermal seams, we will not give, as not recommended. Moreover, they save nothing but 20 minutes of the builders' work time.

The correct corner contains 1 thermal seam. In one of the panels, it is necessary to cut out the insulation and the inside of the OSB to fit the size of the second panel. After that, an additional selection of insulation under the beam 45x145 mm is made with a thermal knife and the internal beam is installed.

In the second panel, a selection of insulation is made for a beam of 45x145 mm (indicated in the diagram) or (if necessary, a structural reinforcement of this angle) a selection and a beam of 90x145 mm are used.

This corner bar is first fixed to the first panel with TORX 4x60 self-tapping screws. It is necessary to fix it in such a way that there is room for the walls of the OSB of the second panel. If we mount the corner of the wall, then do not forget about the need for a fixing beam on the floor.

The second panel with the finished groove is inserted last. After leveling in all planes, the panels are fixed to the fixing beams around the perimeter.

Using only 4x60 mm self-tapping screws is not enough to securely fasten the corner. Basic fastener in this node is a TORX 8x200 structural self-tapping screw, which is fastened through the second panel into the fixing beam of the first panel with a pitch of 400 mm.

According to the same principle, sharp corners are mounted in SIP construction.

It is important to cut the fastening beam at the right angle and note that if the beam is placed at an angle in a panel with 150 mm insulation, the width of the beam must be more than 150 mm.

It may be necessary to use dry planed timber 45x195 mm or larger.

Also, the thickness of the timber used can be increased when it is necessary to strengthen the structural element.

It is possible to connect SIP panels at an obtuse angle, for example, 135 degrees, by analogy with the SIP panel - SIP panel assembly (see above), but the connecting bar must be used longer, since it also stands at an angle in the panel.

To simplify the installation of self-tapping screws at an angle, it may make sense to drill a hole of 2.5-3 mm with a drill.

It is also possible to use a thicker beam in the installation - if necessary, strengthen the structure.

Node #4. Window and door unit

Installation of a window and door opening on the diagrams is shown in a section of the plane of the wall.

SIP panels are mounted in such a way that a window opening of the required size is obtained.

a beam of 45x145 mm is laid.

The beam is fixed on self-tapping screws, and all seams are foamed, and outside, after the foam dries, they are covered with sealant.

The bar is recessed flush into the panel. It is important to ensure that the beam is level. This will greatly facilitate the subsequent installation of windows.

The doorway is mounted in many ways similar to the window. When installing walls the lower fixing beam remains on the floor until the installation of all sections of the wall is completed. This is necessary to ensure a flat plane of the wall.

At the end of the construction of the doorway, the fixing beam in it is cut out and removed.

A small SIP panel insert above the door can be mounted and inserted separately. It is very important to ensure the same plane of the panels to the left and right of the door.

Alternatively, you can pre-fix the connecting beam on top of the panels, this will simplify the alignment of the plane.

There is an installation option with a selection in niches (windows, doors) of only 25 mm and the use of timber, respectively, with a size of 145x25 mm.

The illustration shows an example of inserting a connecting beam into the opening before fixing it with self-tapping screws.

Node number 5. Interfloor overlap

Installation of an interfloor ceiling in a SIP house can also be performed in several ways.

In our options floor panels of the 2nd floor rest on the walls of the 1st floor and are fastened through with the fixing beam of the 2nd floor.(structural self-tapping screw 280 mm with a pitch of 400 mm in the diagram).

There is an opinion that it is cheaper to make a ceiling using standard frame technology - wooden logs and cotton wool. But, if we take into account all the subtleties of the correct installation of frame ceilings and moisture / vapor barrier of wool, then the option with SIP panels will not be much more expensive.

Most often used for overlays SIP panels 625 mm wide, which allows you to increase the number of lags and structural strength. Lags in this case are fastening beams in SIP panels.

The fixing beam of the ceiling of the 1st floor, the floor of the 2nd floor and the floor log can be either 45x145 mm or 90x145 mm, depending on the required structural strength of the building.

Option number 1

The installation of the wall of the first floor ends with a beam 45x145 mm in the groove of the wall panel. It is based on the SIP panel of the interfloor overlap. It makes sense to immediately assemble a whole row of panels and fix the floors in rows according to the designed plan for laying out the panels.

In Option No. 1, the floor panel has a shift of 12 mm inside the house so that the OSB wall panel of the 2nd floor closes the ceiling. This allows you to make 1 thermal seam, instead of 4. But in this case, it is necessary to use higher wall SIP panels.

The lags themselves are not shown in the diagram, only the junction with the wall of the 1st and 2nd floors.

During installation, the floor panel must be fixed with temporary fasteners to the fixing beam of the wall of the 1st floor. After laying out the row along the wall, it is necessary to mount the fastening beam of the walls of the 2nd floor on the panels and tighten the structure with a long TORX 8x400 mm structural self-tapping screw with a pitch of 400 mm.

SIP wall panels of the 2nd floor are cut from the inside to the thickness of the ceiling + a selection of insulation is made in them with a thermal knife under the fixing beam of the floor of the 2nd floor.

Node number 6. Mauerlat. Wall-Roof

The wall connection unit from SIP panels is presented in the variant with overlapping ceiling of 2 floors also from SIP panels.

Just as in interfloor floors (see above), this floor can be made according to different technologies, including the one shown in the diagram.

The outer OSB wall goes to the end of the wall. Inside, a cutout is made for the installation of the ceiling and a sample for the connecting beam. Installation begins with the installation of this connecting beam and bringing all the beams of this wall to the same plane using a laser level.

SIP panels we mount the ceilings with the end board already fixed in them. Installation of panels should be carried out in rows, fixing the panels on temporary fasteners so that they do not move out along the installation plane.

We use the designed panel layout plan. For floors, SIP panels with a width of 625 mm are most often taken.

The wall node ends with the installation of a beam called " Mauerlat". This is a thick beam beveled at an angle of inclination of the wall, for example, 150x150 mm. Mauerlat is fixed through the floor panel to the connecting beam of the wall of the 2nd floor using TORX 8x280 mm structural self-tapping screws with a pitch of 400 mm.

On the roof panel, which also most often has a width of 625 mm, is mounted locking bar 50x50 mm - to rest against the Mauerlat and prevent the panel from slipping off the roof during installation. This bar is necessary only for the convenience of starting the installation of the panel and will not bear the main structural load.

The main fasteners for the SIP roof panel are TORX 8x240 mm structural self-tapping screws, also with a pitch of 400 mm.

Upon completion of the installation of the roof, the end parts of the roof panels are sewn up with a board 45x145 mm or 25x145 mm.

There is an option to mount the roof with SIP panel only up to the beginning of the wall. Further, the roof is carried out using a connecting beam of panels (rafters), but without insulation inside. This solution allows you to save on the required area of the panels, but ultimately depends on the length of the span and the need to cut the panels or use whole ones.

Node number 7. Run. roof panels

A run is a thick beam, beveled at the corner of the roof, which transfers the load to the walls from the middle part of the roof (between the Mauerlat and the ridge). A run is required when the roof span is more than 4 meters long.

The beam of the run is mounted in the walls in a niche prepared for it. From the niche, it is necessary to select a heater with a thermal knife and install a connecting beam according to the diagram.

The purlin must not be installed in an unprepared opening, relying only on the edge of the OSB boards!

The connection of the roof panels is carried out at the installation site of the purlin beam. 45x145 mm or 90x145 mm is used as a connecting one (according to the project and calculations).

The connecting bars perpendicular to the Mauerlat, girder and ridge will be the roof rafters.

SIP roofs do not require a separate rafter system under them.

The main fastener of the assembly is a structural self-tapping screw TORX 8x360 mm and 8x280 mm. The long self-tapping screw must also pass through the connecting beam under the run. Self-tapping screws 280 mm go in the span, between the walls.

It is possible to strengthen the structure with the help of galvanized mounting angles, which additionally fix the rafters to the run. When using them, you will need to make a small cut in the next SIP panel under the corner.

The most popular solution is the use of SIP panels with a 200 mm insulation thickness in roof panels. In this case, a wider beam of 45x195 mm or 90x195 mm is used.

There are solutions that involve the use of a standard truss system UNDER SIP roof. This makes it possible to increase the strength of the structure, but also increases the installation time.

Node number 8. Roof ridge

The ridge or ridge beam is the main load-bearing element of the roof, located at the very top of the frame. Usually this is a beam of 150x150 mm or larger. For long, thick beams, it makes sense to use high-quality glued beam solutions. They give minimal deformation and sagging.

The connecting bars of the SIP roof panels are at the same time a truss system, they are tied together using a 45x145 mm board with TORX 4x95 self-tapping screws. The strapping board in this case goes along the outer layer of the SIP panel.

The main supporting fastener of the assembly is a TORX 8x240 mm structural self-tapping screw. In the case of fastening through cross section rafters with a thickness of 45 mm, it makes sense to drill a hole of 5-6 mm under the self-tapping screw in the rafters to prevent cracking during installation.

It also makes sense to fix the rafters with mounting angles to the ridge beam, as well as to connect the rafters of different roof slopes with a galvanized plate.

The advantages of pre-fabricated housing from SIP panels are much talked about by the companies that create and implement it. However, the relatively simple technology of building a house from SIP panels, built by oneself, reveals many nuances. They are contained, for example, in matters of creating an optimal foundation design for the construction of SIP or choosing the most suitable method of connecting building elements to each other from several existing ones.

What should you immediately pay attention to

Even at the stage of choosing the size of the future house, the first appears. Indeed, in order to minimize the waste of building materials, it is necessary to take into account standard width SIP panels - 1.25 m. If the development of a house project was ordered from a specialized organization, then expansion gaps will also be included in the construction plan. These are tolerances of 3 mm, which are specially left at the junction of two panels. However, as experience shows, OSB-3 boards, which make up the sheathing of SIP panels, can have quite significant deviations in standard sizes. So, in accordance with the standards, the permissible error is +/- 3 mm per running meter. In addition, SPI panels from different batches can also differ significantly in linear dimensions, up to 5 mm. This leads to the fact that, for example, one of the 8 panels that make up a 10 m long wall on the plan will have to be cut at the installation site. It is possible, on the contrary, to obtain a gap of 20-30 mm, which is already eliminated by filling with polyurethane foam.

Foundation selection

Structures made of SIP panels are much lighter than walls made of brick or even porous concrete (gas or foam blocks) and, often, they do not require wide, powerful foundations. However, when choosing the type of foundation, it is necessary to focus on the characteristics of the soil. Therefore, houses using the new technology from SIP panels can use the following types of foundations:

1. Reinforced concrete monolithic shallow slab

This is the so-called "Swedish" or "floating" foundation. It is one of the most expensive but most effective bases. It is recommended to use it on weakly bearing unstable soils (swampy, quicksand, peat bogs). At the same time, if a high level of rise or standing is noted on the site ground water, then an extensive drainage system should be equipped under the reinforced concrete monolithic slab.

In "floating" foundations, elements of the main engineering communications of the house, layers of insulation, and in some cases heating systems are often placed. Such a design is able to play the role of a heat accumulator and significantly increases the energy efficiency of the entire structure.

The technology for building houses from SIP panels on a slab base allows the construction of two and three-story buildings.

2. Strip foundation

On non-rocky soils, its depth of occurrence may be higher than the level of freezing. If it is planned to equip the basement in the house or the rock adjacent to the base is subject to severe frost heaving, then the base of the foundation is buried below the actual freezing mark. Tape structures, especially reinforced concrete, have a fairly high bearing capacity, so they can be used to build houses of any number of storeys.

3. Pile bored foundation

It is characterized by a laying depth exceeding the level of soil freezing. Installation of SIP panels is carried out on a prefabricated reinforced concrete grillage, which performs the functions of tying piles. Bored supports withstand the weight of structures, which makes it possible to build houses with attics on them.

4. Screw piles

As a strapping, they usually use a prefabricated wooden rand beam. On soils with medium bearing capacity screw piles can be used in the construction one-story houses, as well as having small attics.

Zero level

Before starting the installation of SIP panels, the lower strapping (crown) beam with a section of 100x150 mm is laid on the foundation base. The place of its placement should be reliably waterproofed. For this, bituminous mastic, roofing material (in two layers) or several layers of bituminous paper are used. In addition, the timber itself must be treated with antiseptic and water-repellent compounds. The figure below shows the layout of the strapping on the strip foundation.

IMPORTANT! To the installation of the lower beam, the removal of " zero level", must be approached with special responsibility. Not only the ease of subsequent assembly of SIP panels, but the quality and durability of the entire structure depends on the accuracy of its positioning.

crown mount

The lower beam is fixed to the base with anchor bolts with a diameter of 10-12 mm. They are deepened into concrete by at least 100 mm, installed in increments of 50 cm. The bolts are twisted flush with the surface of the beam. To do this, it is recommended to drill blind holes in the wood - holes larger than the diameter of the bolt head, and use socket wrenches to simplify installation operations. The recesses of the drip can be filled with tar or bitumen, they will help prevent corrosion of the fasteners.

basement tier

The design of the basement tier (floor) consists of wooden lag(bearing frame) and horizontally arranged SIP panels. To assemble it, the first panel is laid on top of the strapping in the corner. A groove is selected in the polystyrene layer along the perimeter of its end part. A SIP key or an insert from a piece of timber 80x200 mm (for SIP 225 mm thick) is laid in the short inner end. Such protruding elements become ridges, to which the next SIP panels are installed with pre-selected grooves.

After assembling the first row, already in its longitudinal end part, a groove is also selected, under the laying of a log from a bar 80x200 mm or doubled from boards 2x40x200 mm. Sparka is made with self-tapping wood screws 75 mm long, screwed in with a step of no more than 40 cm. The panels are attached to the logs through OSB-3 facing boards with self-tapping screws 40 mm long with a step of 150-200 mm. The final stage in the creation of the basement is the protection (baring) of the outer ends of the SIP panels. They are closed with a board 40x200 mm.

This is what a typical layout of the basement elements looks like:

IMPORTANT! Before laying the panel elements of the basement tier, their lower planes must be treated with bituminous waterproofing mastic.

Sometimes, for the sake of imaginary savings, the technology for building houses from SIP panels is deliberately violated and ordinary boards on logs are used to build the basement. The creation of a heat-insulating barrier is carried out on the basis of expanded clay, poured directly onto the ground along the waterproofing layer. Although this method can be used when installing strip foundation however, its effectiveness leaves much to be desired. Good thermal insulation of such a design will require laying additional insulation between the subfloor and the finishing floor, such as foam sheets or mineral wool. This will negate the initial savings, and will eventually prove to be more labor intensive.

Walls

Lower wall trim

After assembling the basement, a beam of the lower wall trim is installed on it in accordance with the plan of the interior. The elements of the lower trim are bars with a width corresponding to the thickness of the expanded polystyrene in the SIP panel and a height of 50-60 mm. A massive timber of this size is not always on sale, and it costs a lot. Therefore, often, instead of it, a composite element is used, recruited from several boards of suitable sizes. The lower trim is fastened with self-tapping screws 75 mm in increments of no more than 40 cm.

When placing a beam, it is necessary to take into account the location of the doors in the interior. For ease of installation, as well as to prevent errors in planning, the timber in doorways cut out after assembling the walls from SIP panels. Therefore, in such places, the lower trim is not screwed to the floor.

Installation of wall panels in a frame way

Wall assembly of houses from SIP panels is carried out in ways similar to those already described for the lower floor. The most common is the frame method, in which the splicing parts are no longer logs, but double racks 40 (50) x150 mm (for SIP 175 mm thick):

the assembly starts from the corner of the building, placing the first wall element on the strapping beam and aligning its end face flush with the floor slab;
panel, with outer and inner sides, is attracted to the strapping with self-tapping screws (L = 40 mm, pitch - 150 mm);
a single rack 50x150 mm is laid in the outer vertical end and scrolled through the OSB sheets with self-tapping screws (L = 40 mm);
along the inner edge of the panel opposite the end of the corner perpendicular wall, a vertical double post (corner spike) is installed. It is attracted by self-tapping screws 8x240 mm with incomplete thread, screwed in from the outer plane of the first wall panel with a pitch of 400 mm;
the assembly of the corner ends with the docking of a perpendicular panel, scrolled along the corner spike with self-tapping screws 40 mm long. For its tight fit, it is knocked out from the end with a sledgehammer through a gasket made of a board or a bar;
further ordinary technology for mounting SIP panels involves similar actions - attaching the next section of the wall through a spike rack.

IMPORTANT! In order for the rack to go into the panel to the required depth, a groove is made in polystyrene foam. The strength of the connection of wall elements, as well as the thermal efficiency of the joint, depends on the uniformity of its selection. Therefore, when self-manufacturing a quality groove, you should purchase or rent a thermal knife (in the figure below) or a special device for a grinder, consisting of an emphasis and a milling nozzle.

Installation of wall panels in a frameless way

The frameless connection method involves the use of OSB-3 dowels or special thermal inserts, the so-called "splines". They are a narrow fragment of a SIP panel, which fits into the groove of a full-sized panel with its dimensions. Such a frameless assembly technology allows to reduce heat loss through the timber material of the beam, which has a higher thermal conductivity than polystyrene. The SIP panel installation scheme in a frameless way using splines is shown in the figure below. It is optimally suited for the construction of one-story houses.

IMPORTANT! Regardless of the chosen method of installation, the joints of any elements are treated with mounting foam before they are put into place. It helps to achieve absolute tightness of the joints and increase the reliability of the structure as a whole.

After the assembly of the walls of the first floor is completed, the upper ends of the panels are also foamed, and a 40 (50) x 150 mm strapping beam is laid in the foam plastic sample. It scrolls along all OSB sheets with self-tapping screws 40 mm long, and to the frame posts - 75 mm.

Interfloor and attic floors are made in the same way as the basement tier, as well as the technology for assembling the walls of the second or attic level repeats the installation operations for the walls of the first floor.

Roof structure for the house from SIP panels

Installation of the roof begins with the fixing of load-bearing elements, mauerlats, girders and ridge, based on bearing walls(in the case of a frameless assembly method) or on the racks of the structure. The purlins are fixed at the point of contact with the base with two self-tapping screws 8x280 mm.

Next, the truss system is installed. Each rafter at the point of contact with the girders is fixed with self-tapping screws 8x280 mm. Installation of rafters starts from one of the gables. If the roof has a complex multi-pitched structure, then the installation begins with the valleys. Below is a structural diagram of the placement of load-bearing elements of the roofing system.

Important! truss system at home is a particularly responsible structure, so for its construction it is better to involve experienced assistants.

Summing up

Assembling a house from SIP panels with your own hands is quite affordable, even for home craftsmen who do not have great experience in the construction of such structures. In extreme cases, you can purchase a ready-made kit (constructor) from a wide range offered by specialized companies. Carefully fitted elements of such a constructor, as well as detailed instructions for assembling a house from SIP panels, make its use more preferable if part or all of the work is planned to be done independently.