Machine for making figures from metal. Independent production of a machine for cold forging. Varieties of equipment for manual cold forging of metal

Quite often, twisted pipes can be found in various applications. What are they for, what is the process of their manufacture? These products are mainly used as decorative items. Moreover, they do not always perform the function of a specific conductor of any liquid. Let us consider in more detail the scope of pipes, as well as the features of their production, the ability to do the work yourself and how it will look homemade material whether it is worth spending additional effort and money on the manufacture of the machine.

Application

The machine for making twisted pipes is a useful thing in various fields. For example, it can be used in the manufacture of furniture, oddly enough. All because twisted pipes can be used as structural elements various options furniture. Modern technologies furniture production is a non-standard approach and the use of high-quality and reliable materials. Twisted pipes in the furniture industry can be found as elements of:

tables;
chairs;
legs upholstered furniture;
bar counters;
shelves;
beds;
shelving.

With a small furniture production, the twisted pipe making machine can give new round in production: to push on fresh ideas, to expand the range of products.

Another industry where twisted pipes can often be found is construction, or rather, the design of the exterior and interior of a building. In the first case, supports for a canopy, porch railings, railings for stairs, balcony racks and much more can be made from a twisted pipe, in the second case, pipes have also found application. They can form a composition for a decorative addition to the design, for example, as a stand for flowerpots. The twisted pipe machine will be useful in the production of stairs, structural decorative and functional elements of buildings. It can also be used in the production of awnings, gazebos.

In some cases, heated towel rails are made from a twisted pipe. Due to the fact that the pipe is made of metal, it can be used as a cavity for filling with hot liquid, water or oil. And the twisted shape will create a more original appearance. Moreover, such pipes can be coated with a special heat-resistant paint - this will provide additional solutions for decorating the bathroom.

Machine manufacturing

To make a machine for a twisted pipe with your own hands, you need some engineering and technical knowledge. The main thing in do-it-yourself production will be the correct drawing up of drawings. Only correctly calculated and executed drawings will give all the necessary parameters for the production of precision equipment. However, if there is no time, effort and special need for serious brainstorming, it is quite possible to buy this machine. Despite its considerable cost, it quickly pays off. Although, of course, it would be more practical to take it as an addition to an existing production line, and not as independent device.

Usage

The most important thing in the operation of a machine for the production of twisted pipes can be called ease of use. If serious calculations, drawings and a lot of time are needed to create such a device, then it is enough to watch the video once or twice or use photo instructions to use it.

The principle of operation lies in the special rolling of the pipe layer, without cutting the entire metal. During preparation, the operator sets the position of the sliders according to the adjustment nanogram. The position comes with a clear correspondence with the thickness of the material. You can use products with a diameter of 1-15 cm. After that, it is important to rotate the screws, making marks on the sliders. Installation takes place opposite the marks on the ruler, which is located on the working plate.

As soon as completed preparatory work you need to turn off the machine. The pipe can rotate clockwise. The knives create the necessary cuts without completely damaging the metal. The angle of elevation of the pipe coil will also depend on the device. The most common are angles of 35, 45, 55, 90 degrees. The productivity of the device is up to 120 m/h, but it depends on the model and manufacturer. Therefore, if this parameter is important, it is better to specify it separately and in advance when choosing a machine.

With a sufficient level of orders, the machine usually pays for itself in just a few days. Therefore, before buying, it is advisable to evaluate the amount of existing and subsequent work. Moreover, it is desirable to give an assessment of the most critical indicators. Then the issue of payback will not be affected.

Summing up, it is worth noting that such a machine is an auxiliary device. Although, if you get regular orders specifically for a twisted pipe, you can take more than one machine, specializing only in such production.

To get a beautiful decorative lattice for a window, or for a fence or a balcony balustrade, you need equipment for cold artistic bending of metal. Let's see what these devices are.

1 Why do you need to bend rolled metal, and how best to do it?

For the manufacture of canopy brackets over windows and doors, as well as for hanging wall lamps and video surveillance cameras, figured elements from steel strips, as well as from bars or reinforcement, are often used. Such parts can be ordered at a forge or at an enterprise where machines for bending rolled products are installed. Or, as an option, you can make a mechanical tool for making metal ornamental elements with your own hands.

It is also important to know the principle of operation of automatic devices that can be purchased to set up the mass production of curly parts.

The variety of artistic elements is small, but each option requires a separate operation. There are such form factors as a strip or bar with a spiral bend, a bar with torsion around a longitudinal axis, an element with a bend along a certain radius (up to the ring) or a wave, as well as at an angle. Also, to give structures volume, bending along a large radius is often used. There are very few universal light class devices with low and medium productivity, more often there are models that combine a complex for 2-3 types of bending.

2 Automatic machines for decorative bending

Equipment for obtaining decorative forms from steel strip, rod or reinforcement (as well as from pipes) is mechanical, based on the operation of the flywheel, electromechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic. First we will have a machine for the simplest operation - metal rolling. Yes, it is on this technology that the method of obtaining a small radius bend is based, that is, 3 rollers are used for the arc. However domestic machine"D 2 S" is multifunctional, that is, you can install the nozzle with your own hands for winding the "snail".

This equipment is considered quite simple, since it does not need to be included in the production line. As a nozzle, instead of a leading, horizontally oriented shaft, a special template is used, which is inserted into the chuck on the spindle. The workpiece is inserted into the clamp, after which the machine rotates the shaft to the required angle, which is set by simple programming on the remote control. The maximum diameter of the product cannot exceed 20 millimeters.

To obtain multi-turn snails, several turns of the spindle can be made with a phased replacement of nozzles, or using a prefabricated sectional template. It seems that the machine for cold artistic bending of metal "Decor 1" also works, which has a horizontal working surface with vertical spindles located on it. Rolls of various diameters or special "snail" templates can be inserted into the lead chuck. The equipment is equipped with a CNC control panel. Both devices start automatically and manually. The next machine can be called their budget option.

Apparatus for cold forging"Azhur 1M" is designed to start and stop the spindle with your own hands. With a power of 3 kW and having small size(less than a meter on either side and 1.2 meters high), this unit can be installed even in a home workshop. Productivity - from 400 parts such as "foot", "snail" and "volute", "basket" and "torsion" on supplementary modules.

Foreign samples of such equipment are also produced. In particular, UNV3 is designed for curling workpieces into "coils" and "volutes", as well as for longitudinal twisting of a square bar. The production of a "basket" is also provided. However, it requires the work of an exclusively trained operator, because, otherwise, you will have to use the manual start of the machine, because of which most of the functions of expensive equipment will not be used..

The same can be said about the less versatile version of the V2-16 with a power of 1.5 kW, which performs only the operations of curling the "torsion", making "baskets" and producing "snails". Both units in the presence of a digital control panel operate from a foot start. It should be taken into account that, regardless of the type of machine used, the material must have the proper degree of toughness and ductility. Therefore, high-carbon steels with significant elasticity are not suitable for this purpose.

3 Manual production of decorative metal elements

In addition to automatic units, today a large number of mechanical tools are produced for curly deformation of metal strips and bars with reinforcement. Almost any device of this kind is based on the rotation or turning of the gate, as well as on the lever-chain transmission. Moreover, it is possible to use both separate mechanical devices and a complex of several nodes connected on one bed, the difference between them will be only in cost, while the performance is absolutely the same.

Let's look at each tool in turn for the manufacture of one or another decorative element from metal. The simplest solution is to rotate the gate manually, that is, without the use of various gears that facilitate muscle effort. As a rule, here it is possible to simplify the task only due to the maximum possible length of the lever arm. For example, an elementary device: a stand on which a stop for the workpiece is rigidly fixed, and at some distance from it - a rotating shaft around which a bar, pipe or strip of metal will be bent.

Under the working surface, a freely moving lever is attached to the axis of the shaft, having an additional vertical axis on the shoulder, brought out above the stand through an arcuate slot. A second shaft is put on the axis, which will roll the workpiece to the first one. Such a tool makes it possible to easily make a "volute" with your own hands. To spin the "torsion" on a long massive base, 2 beds are installed, rigidly fixed at the end, and movable at the middle. A shaft is passed through the fixed frame, on which the gate is installed and there is a plate with clamps facing along the base to its opposite end. The freely moving console has an eyelet with bolt clamps, where the workpiece is rigidly fixed.

The second end of the rod with a square section is clamped in the die. Further, by rotating the gate, the required number of turns of the part curled along the longitudinal axis is given. The same tool allows you to make a basket of several rods with your own hands. Here is another tool for mechanical artistic bending of metal. In the center of the working surface of the device there is an axis on which a prefabricated template for the snail is put on. The nozzle sections have beveled ends for a strong joint, as well as convenient fasteners with small holes for finger connection. When the arcuate parts of the template are closed into position, a smooth, smoothly curving helical design is obtained.

In the center, above the clamping groove for the workpiece, there is a collar boss into which the lever handles are screwed. With a slight indent from the nozzle put on the axis, there is a long wide slot oriented from the center. In it, a shaft moves on a spring, which is needed to stop the workpiece against the template when the gate rotates. And finally, the last tool that can be purchased for manual. It is called very similar to the operation that it performs, namely, the gnutik. It consists of three square profiles, located close to each other, the two outermost of which are rigidly fixed to the workbench or frame.

The central one moves longitudinally between the extreme ones by turning the lever (rack and pinion). The driven shafts of the rolling mill are installed on the fixed bases, and the driving shaft with a gate is installed on the central one. Opposite it, closer to the frame, there is a place for a replaceable wedge with a given angle for the corner bending of the strips with an emphasis on the shafts. To obtain an arc, the workpiece is placed between the driven and driving shafts, by turning the lever it bends to the desired radius, then the handle rotates to impart the desired bend to the entire workpiece.

4 How to independently make a device for bending bars and profiles?

The described equipment is easy to do on your own, but it is much more efficient to work with an electromechanical machine. Therefore, in addition to the gate, the aforementioned tool can be equipped with your own hands chain drive on the axis of the leading spindle from the electric motor.

However, the most effective solution will be with a chuck from lathe, in the headstock of which you can fix a workpiece of any shape. For this purpose, you can use a stable workbench, fixing on it, if necessary, a movable console with an eye for torsion of the "torsion bar" or an emphasis for winding a spiral snail onto a nozzle fixed in the cartridge.

To make rings with your own hands, the previously mentioned console with an eye, which is located exactly in the center of the cartridge, can be moved a certain distance. Then clamp the shaft of the desired diameter with the stocks (for convenience, there may be thinner protrusions for the eyelet and clamp on its ends). Also, a loop or other hook for the workpiece is installed on the shaft, which then, after turning on the electric motor and starting to rotate the spindle, begins to twist around the template with a spring. It is also advisable to make an emphasis for the bar on the side of the shaft axis with your own hands. After removal, the workpiece remains cut lengthwise to obtain rings according to the number of turns.

Today, artificial stone is very popular. construction material. It is widely used both for cladding the facade of houses, and for laying out paths in areas, creating tiles and even fence elements.

Manifold colors, greater strength and lower price make this material more affordable and more popular among both professionals and people who simply planned repairs. Due to the fact that the price of equipment for the production of decorative stone is quite affordable, the technologies are not secret, the production artificial stone can be an excellent way to develop your own business.

The stone of own production will turn out cheaper than the purchased one, and the owner can choose and improve the texture and quality on his own. All that is needed is to understand the details: what material and how much to buy, what molds are needed for the production of decorative stone, to purchase a convenient production room and the entire set of required equipment.

Production room

Like any other, the stone manufacturing process requires compliance with certain technical and thermal conditions.

So the area of the main production premises can be from fifty to one hundred square meters.

There must be a warehouse for storing raw materials separately from the workshop.

The temperature in the room should not exceed 25 degrees. Heating can only be carried out in the production workshop. Lighting should be both general and local in those places where machines for the production of decorative stone are located. It is necessary to carry out plumbing in the room and equip the sewer drain. Be sure to install a quality ventilation system to ventilate the workshop.

Necessary equipment

When the premises are ready and equipped in compliance with all safety standards, the next step is to choose what equipment will be needed for the production of decorative stone. The following devices are often used:

Vibrating table (cost from 50,000 to 70,000 rubles).
Concrete mixer (5,000 - 13,000 rubles).
Electronic scales (15,000 - 25,000 rubles).
Multiple desktops.
Tanks for bulk materials.
Construction mixer (2,500 - 5,000 rubles).
Stone molds that you can buy or make yourself.
Pallets for molds.
Various small tools such as shovels, shovels, wheelbarrows, trowels, etc.

The vibrating table is needed in order to remove air bubbles from the solution using vibration. You can buy such a table or make it yourself according to the drawings and separately purchase a vibration motor to move the table.

Polyurethane molds can also be made by yourself, which saves money at the beginning of production. But the quality of the form itself directly affects the properties of the product, its durability and aesthetics. Therefore, it is better not to save on the quality of polyurethane. Experts advise using the product of German and American manufacturers.

Raw material

It is important to decide on the material from which the stone will be made: gypsum or concrete, and then purchase all the necessary mixtures. You may need:

The cement is white and grey.
Sand (river or quartz).
Pigment and dye.
Plasticizers for gypsum and concrete.
Gypsum, gypsum polymer.
Chemical mixtures.
Fiberglass.

Artificial stone can be painted in various colors. To do this, use a compressor with spray nozzles and an airbrush. You can also use brushes of various shapes to achieve the desired texture and color. The pigment can be added both to the finished stone surface and to the mixture itself.

Finished products

Purchased equipment for the production of decorative stone can be used for personal needs or for the manufacture of products for sale. It is advisable to pack the finished stone in order to protect it from damage during transportation and storage in warehouses. It is better to pack in cardboard boxes, laying the stone in layers. Each layer must be separated with a layer of cardboard or packaging film.

Production technology

Decorative stone can be made in several ways. The most common are vibrocasting and vibrocompression. Both methods are good in their own way and have a number of special advantages.

It is cheaper to manufacture equipment for the production of decorative stone by vibrocasting than to purchase a vibropress. This technique is easier to work with and set up. Manufacturing in this way will retain more moisture in the product, since there is no need to steam the stone; eventually finished products more saturated coloring is obtained. The vibrocasting process takes place in several stages:

Preparation of a mixture of cement, pigments, modifiers and mineral fillers. The solution can be kneaded by hand construction mixer, and a special concrete mixer.
Pouring the solution into ready-made molds mounted on a vibrating table. The product must be in shape for at least 48 hours.
Separation of the product from the mold, removal of chips, packaging of the finished material.

The vibropress, in turn, makes it possible to produce material that is less expensive at cost. This process can be almost completely mechanized, which will increase productivity. Thanks to this choice, the future owner of the production can decide for himself which technology will be used depending on the expected performance.

Plywood is one of the best decor materials. In addition to its operational qualities, it is easy to process. However, mechanical curly cutting does not always give the desired result. Therefore, plywood laser cutting machines have been developed. This is an innovative technology that allows you to make complex three-dimensional drawings and patterns.

Plywood laser cutting technology

Point thermal effect on the decorative natural material partially destroys it. This is due to the formation of plasma, similar to arc welding. However, the plywood does not melt, but burns out.

The main component of the machine is a laser machine. It forms a concentrated radiation that affects the material. CO2 lasers are used for this. Semiconductor models do not have sufficient power and can only be used for artistic burning.

The procedure for performing figured laser cutting of plywood.

Creating a drawing. Depending on the capabilities of the equipment, this can be done in in electronic format or independently apply a pattern to the surface.
Choice of cutting mode. The determining parameter is the laser power. It depends on the thickness and structure of the plywood. If the degree of heating is exceeded, the width of the cut will increase.
Drawing formation. Its speed is affected by the power of the laser. The higher it is, the faster the process runs. However, this increases the area of darkening at the edges.

This general description technology, which can be changed depending on the parameters and functionality of the equipment. The average power of the laser machine is about 20 watts. It directly depends on the thickness of the plywood and the complexity of the pattern.

For work, it is best to use automated CNC processing centers for wood. This will increase accuracy and improve performance.

Features of cutting plywood with a laser

The main disadvantage of this type of equipment is its high cost. A number of benefits that are not possible for machining, make wood laser centers very popular. They are used to complete production, are used to perform a small amount of work at home.

The defining advantage of laser cutting is the thin seam on the wood. It may be slightly larger than the beam diameter. Thus, maximum detail and exact correspondence of the result to the original layout is achieved.

This technology has the following features:

a slight darkening is formed in the area affected by the beam. This is unavoidable but can be corrected by painting or varnishing;
cutting requires no mechanical force. In the process, there is no surface deformation characteristic of classical processing methods;
The quality of work is affected by the composition of the wood. It is not recommended to use sheets made of softwood. They contain a large amount of resins, which, when evaporated, affect the appearance.

For large volumes of production, it is necessary to provide a system for extracting fumes. This is done using local ventilation. The absence of chips significantly softens the requirements for working conditions when cutting plywood with a laser machine.

The surface of the processed material is preliminarily cleaned of dust and dirt. The presence of varnish, paint or similar decorative and protective compositions is not allowed.

List of cutting equipment

To complete a professional production line, it is recommended to purchase specialized equipment. But in addition to the laser installation, other components must be present in it.

To ensure maximum automation of work, the laser head must move freely along the length and width wooden surface. To do this, install a special carriage that moves along the guides.

In addition, the following components are required for normal operation:

electronic control unit. He controls the operation of the laser, gives commands to move it relative to the sheet;
exhaust system for combustion products. Despite their small number, forced ventilation the concentration of harmful substances will quickly increase;
interface for entering information - drawing, machine operating modes, etc.

To perform a small amount of work, it will not be advisable to purchase expensive equipment. The best option is to use the services of specialized manufacturing companies. In this case, you only need to draw up the drawing correctly and select the material on which it will be applied.

In the video you can see an example of the operation of a machine for forming a pattern on the surface of a plywood sheet:

Overview of finished machine models

If you want to purchase a laser cutting machine for plywood, then pay attention to their difference in power:

desktop. Designed for work at home or a small workshop with small workpieces. Power up to 80 W, price from 50,000 rubles;
professional. It is used in small business in the production of designer jewelry, engraving, cutting materials to size. Power up to 195 W, price from 150,000 rubles;
industrial. Used on production lines high power and throughput with increased requirements for quality and accuracy. Power from 3000 W, price from 450,000 rubles.

Consider machines from different price categories.

High-precision processing of wood surfaces for assembly or decorative purposes is realized only with the help of specialized equipment. Today, machines for cutting and engraving operations are presented in a wide range. Moreover, these are not only units operating on the principles of traditional mechanical and thermal effects, but also high-tech laser technology. In addition, manufacturers endow the equipment with the latest software control and management functions that facilitate the tasks of the operator. At the same time, a wood laser machine is different from similar mechanical units. high cost, therefore, his choice should be approached with greater responsibility.

Where is the wood laser machine used?

This equipment is mainly used for decorative design wood surfaces. It is achieved through two main operations - cutting and engraving. For this, they can use different capacities, and, accordingly, each machine will provide certain processing capabilities. The machines are used by home craftsmen at an amateur level, and by professional operators on production lines. For example, a wood laser machine is used in the furniture industry to apply artistic patterns to surfaces. In this case, the possibility of in-line work is assumed, therefore, the machines have high productivity. At home and in small workshops, users are guided by piece production - as a rule, releasing author's products.

Types of machines

The main feature of the separation of machines of this type is the power potential, which is also reflected in the design. Compact devices usually have a power of no more than 80 watts. Such models are suitable for use in small businesses, in the manufacture of the same piece of author's souvenirs and for amateur work. The middle class represents more productive installations, the power potential of which can reach 200 watts. Such models can already be used in production lines in small woodworking and furniture processing factories. And the most powerful laser machine belongs to the industrial field of application. Conveyors of large factory enterprises are supplied with such equipment. Again, they are characterized not only by increased power, but also by a design that often allows them to be integrated into workshops through building installation.

Functional

Modern laser machines are distinguished by a wide range of optional features - this is one of the main areas, working on which, developers strive to attract all large quantity clients. In particular, for professional machine tools, it has long been mandatory to have a cooling system. This function is responsible for the timely repayment of the temperature of the working body, which increases the reliability of the installation. An electric nozzle drive is also becoming an increasingly common technical element that is equipped with wood laser machines. The capabilities of models with such equipment are increased due to more accurate positioning and overall control of the working component. In more advanced devices, laser focusing is also provided.

Features of CNC Models

A separate category is represented by units with the ability to program the workflow, which is implemented automatically. The presence of the system practically saves the user from performing mechanical operations. However, in some machines, operators can still be assigned indirect and auxiliary actions. One way or another, a CNC wood laser machine provides extensive opportunities in terms of workflow control. Typically, such models are interfaced with computer stations and controllers. This makes it possible to develop tasks for the machine in a graphical computer form without the use of special physical settings for various processing parameters. On the basis of the programmed program, the equipment independently calibrates the working bodies for the performance of specific tasks.

How to make a laser machine for wood with your own hands?

You can independently make a compact device that, in a small area, will perform the function of an automated engraver. This will require materials for the body of the instrument, a controller, work equipment that ensures the movement of the laser device, and auxiliary systems responsible for power and cooling. The complexity of this task is due to the fact that it is impossible to purchase a wide range of components on the conventional radio market. For example, a programmable controller with cutters is most often purchased from Chinese online stores. In practice, it is possible to make a laser machine for woodcarving only if you have the appropriate knowledge of electronics - at least you should have a wiring diagram for the components on hand. However, this will not be difficult if you set the goal of manufacturing a hand-held engraver of modest power without an automatic positioning system.

Machine operation

Work begins with connecting the equipment to a power source and preparing the material. Depending on the type of machine, the processing process will be controlled either automatically or manually. In the first case, the initial loading of the final model in computer form will be required. Also, devices of this type often provide for mechanical adjustment of equipment for specific characteristics operations. Without automation, a wood laser machine is controlled manually. The initial parameters of the workflow are also set, after which direct cutting or engraving is performed.

Conclusion

Finding a truly high-quality and reliable laser machine on the market is not easy. The segment is represented mainly by Chinese manufacturers, a considerable part of which assembles equipment in artisanal conditions. And this is not to mention the rather average quality of the components themselves. But there are also conscientious companies in whose families you can find quite a worthy laser woodcutting machine for any need. Such models, in particular, are produced by Wattsan micro, KAMACH and RABBIT. Another thing is that the cost of this product is high. Even small in size and modest in power devices cost at least 100 thousand rubles.