Profitability of greenhouses how to calculate expenses and incomes. Greenhouse farming as a business: what is profitable to grow. Demand for vegetables and consumer preferences

Recently, a number of media reported that since 2018, all non-residential buildings and structures located on a summer cottage or garden plot (bathhouse, shed, greenhouse, toilet, etc.) are subject to property tax on individuals. In this article, we will tell you what caused these reports, how the Ministry of Finance reacted to them, and whether such outbuildings should be taxed.

Letter of the law

Taxation of property belonging to individuals is carried out according to the rules that are prescribed in Chapter 32 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. The following objects fall under the tax (clause 1 of article 401 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation):

House;

apartment, room;

garage, parking place;

a single real estate complex;

construction in progress;

other building, structure, structure, premises.

Residential buildings (including those under construction), apartments, rooms, single immovable complexes, which include at least one residential building, garages and parking spaces are taxed at a rate of 0.1% of their cadastral value. The same rate applies to outbuildings - buildings and structures located on garden and country plots of land, if the area of each of them does not exceed 50 square meters. m (signature 1, clause 2, article 406 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). Other objects are taxed at a rate of 0.5% (subclause 3, clause 2, article 406 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Thus, if the area of an economic building or structure is 50 sq. m and less, a rate of 0.1% is applied, and if more, then a rate of 0.5%.

In addition, in relation to outbuildings with an area of 50 sq. m and less, a privilege is established in the form of exemption from taxation of one such building at the choice of a citizen (Article 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Reason for gossip - letter from the Ministry of Finance

The Tax Code does not say what should be considered an economic building or structure. In this regard, the Ministry of Finance of Russia, in a letter dated May 16, 2017 No. 03-05-04-01 / 29325, provided the following explanations.

The financiers pointed out that when defining these concepts, one should proceed from their generally accepted content, as well as be guided by the norms of other branches of legislation. So, in accordance with Art. 1 and 19 of the Federal Law of April 15, 1998 No. 66-FZ “On Horticultural, Gardening and Dacha Non-Commercial Associations of Citizens” on garden and dacha land plots, it is possible to build a residential building or a residential building, as well as outbuildings and structures. The provisions of the Town Planning Code allow the construction of buildings and structures for auxiliary use on a land plot (subclause 3, clause 17, article 51 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). Cadastral registration and registration of rights to auxiliary objects can be carried out both with the indication of specific names of objects (for example, a bathhouse, a barn, a summer kitchen), and without indication of such names (for example, an outbuilding).

Taking into account these norms of the legislation, the specialists of the financial department came to the conclusion that the real estate objects erected on the land plot, which are not a residential building (premises), can be attributed to economic buildings and structures.

It would seem that a quite ordinary letter explaining the procedure for applying the long-standing provisions of the Tax Code. Meanwhile, some media took these clarifications as the introduction of a new tax on all adjoining buildings on the site. And with absolute certainty they broadcast to citizens that they are now obliged to pay tax for baths, sheds, summer kitchens, toilets, greenhouses, etc. And also that only pensioners who are disabled are exempt from taxation, and then only in relation to one outbuilding with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 50 square meters. m.

Refutation from officials

Such an interpretation of the current legislation forced the Russian Ministry of Finance to provide the necessary explanations on its website.

Specialists of the financial department pointed out that Russia has not introduced and is not planning to introduce a new tax on household buildings and structures. Their taxation has been carried out since 1992:

until 2015 - in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation dated 09.12.91 No. 2003-1 "On taxes on property of individuals";

since 2015 - according to the rules of Chapter 32 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Both now and earlier, in order for an outbuilding to fall under taxation, it is necessary to have a registered ownership of it.

State registration is subject to the rights only to those buildings that are real estate. These are buildings and structures firmly connected with the land, which cannot be moved without disproportionate damage to their purpose. Non-permanent buildings that do not meet the above criteria (for example, greenhouses) do not belong to real estate. In this regard, the rights to them do not need to be registered, and such objects are not subject to property tax.

The information that a pensioner is entitled to a property tax exemption only if he is disabled is also not true. In paragraph 1 of Art. 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation lists the categories of citizens eligible for benefits. These categories are independent and independent from each other. Disabled people are named in sub. 2 and 3 paragraph 1 of Art. 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, and pensioners - in subp. 10 p. 1 art. 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the Ministry of Finance pointed out that in order to receive benefits, a pensioner does not need to have a disability, it is sufficient to confirm the status of a pensioner.

Summarizing what has been said

So, economic buildings or structures for the purpose of calculating the tax on the property of individuals include any non-residential buildings located on a garden or summer cottage. But the tax must be paid only for those buildings that are real estate and the ownership of which is registered in the prescribed manner. At the same time, buildings with an area of \u200b\u200bnot more than 50 square meters. m are taxed at a rate of 0.1% of their cadastral value, and those exceeding this amount - at a rate of 0.5%.

If a citizen owns several outbuildings, the area of \u200b\u200beach of which does not exceed 50 square meters. m, he has the right to exemption from taxation of one such building (letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 18, 2018 No. 03-05-06-01 / 2296). A citizen can choose an object himself by submitting an appropriate notification to the tax authority. And if it was not submitted, the benefit is granted in relation to the outbuilding with the maximum calculated amount of tax (clause 7 of article 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

Please note that this benefit is provided to all individuals (subclause 15, clause 1, article 407 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), and not only to pensioners or the disabled.

In this article, you will find a practically ready-made greenhouse business plan and an overview of the various options, as well as some technologies for growing greenhouse products. So, is the greenhouse business profitable? We will find the pros and cons of this idea and find out how quickly this project will pay off.

Greenhouse business plan: calculate the profitability

Let's say right away: the greenhouse business should be started only in the southern regions.

Experts have calculated that it is more profitable to transport the grown products to the northern regions than to pay for electricity or gas for heating a greenhouse. A ready-made business plan for a greenhouse should take this into account when calculating the profitability of an enterprise.

However, you should know that it will be profitable to transport finished products only when you have well-established logistics. Usually, large firms that grow vegetables and herbs equip their "possessions" in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, where not only the length of the day is longer and warmer, but also labor and land are cheaper. In addition, according to media reports, the administration of these regions allocates 50% subsidies for the opening of agriculture.

According to experts, in order to "go to zero" it is necessary that the value of the profitability of the greenhouse business be at least 20%.

It is worth taking care of the sales market in advance, agreeing with the owners of retail chains and concluding agreements on the supply of their products. You can organize the delivery of greens to customers.

The following pros and cons of greenhouse cultivation can be included in a ready-made business plan:

The pluses include:

low cost of organizing a business;
quick payback;
demand for products from retail outlets and the population;
opportunity to use fresh produce.

The cons include:

expensive electricity (you can save on it using wood heating);
business seasonality;
the need to solve the problem of delivery to the buyer and preservation of the presentation of products.

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Greenhouse farming: what to grow?

The most profitable, according to experts, is the cultivation of flowers. Second is the greenery. And the least profitable - growing vegetables. Currently, the most common cultivation of greens: onions, parsley and lettuce. Greens are not particularly difficult to grow, do not require as much heat and light as vegetables, and besides, they are almost always present on the dinner table.

A greenhouse business plan should start with the following questions:

choice of growing system;
choice of the number of greenhouses and their total area;
selection of greenhouse cover.

The most common and less costly growing system is hydroponics. It automates the growing process and makes it faster. At the same time, the plants are in a "glass" with water, where fertilizers and nutrients in liquid form come through the tubes.

The disadvantage of such a system is that such greens have a watery taste and a picky buyer will always distinguish green bunches grown in the country from "hydroponic" plants. Nevertheless, 90% of the market is occupied by greens grown precisely in a hydroponic way.

Advocates of hydroponics claim that soil-grown vegetables accumulate an increased amount of pesticides.

There are intermediate technologies between soil and hydroponics. They allow you to achieve the taste of "ground" vegetables. This is achieved by adding real soil and peat to the nutrient solution that the plants are in.

And finally, there are convenient mobile beds in which vegetables of the highest quality grow.

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Greenhouse and its cover

In addition to the method of growing greens, a lot of controversy raises the question of what is better to use as a greenhouse cover: glass or polyethylene?

Glass transmits a lot of heat, it is not economical, and in too sunny regions it can cause plant burns. In addition, thin glass cannot be used in the greenhouse. At a minimum, it should be 6 mm, such glass costs a lot of money.

Polyethylene also has its drawbacks: it does not transmit as much light as glass, it is short-lived. You can also use polycarbonate and acrylic, which eliminate the disadvantages of polyethylene.

The current economic situation is forcing more and more people to become entrepreneurs. Trying to find a suitable niche, they try different options. The Internet is replete with ideas and business plans. But for people living in rural areas or the private sector of a small city, most projects for megacities are not suitable. It is worth switching to the available options. When choosing a vegetable growing business, you should minimize the seasonality factor in order to get stable income.

Advantages and disadvantages of growing vegetables in a greenhouse

Using greenhouses, you can completely turn the seasonality of your business. The main advantage of greenhouses is the ability to supply fresh vegetables to the market in cold weather. By choosing adherents of proper nutrition as the target audience, high profit margins are achieved. In summer it is not difficult to find cucumbers or tomatoes, and in winter prices rise significantly, but consumers are ready to purchase products.

Growing any plants in a greenhouse all year round is not expensive. The main costs are for renting land. The construction of the building does not require special knowledge and expensive materials. Due to this, the project will quickly pay off and begin to bring good profits. As a rule, the first income comes a year after the opening of the business. Farmers also use the products themselves, guaranteeing the quality and safety of food.

As for the possible disadvantages, a lot of expenses go to the constant payment of electricity bills. Greenhouses should be well lit almost all day long. In the summer months, you will have to work hard to find a free market with a good price. Often, buyers cannot pick up vegetables and fruits on their own, so they often have to take delivery on themselves.

The financial component of the greenhouse business

It is worth understanding how much you need to invest and how quickly it will pay off before starting any work. Keep in mind that the ratio of income and expenses is highly dependent on the area that the greenhouse occupies. As an example, consider the option of 300 m 2.

Initially, the question arises of the need to rent or purchase a territory for a greenhouse. The cheapest option is to look for a place outside the city, because it is cheaper there, and delivery costs must be taken into account. It is important to find the "golden mean" in terms of distance from the city. Further spending on building materials and construction. Initial purchase of soil and seedlings. This includes legal costs as well. On average, this comes out to 500,000 rubles.

When the building is ready, you can hire employees who will guard the premises and take care of the vegetables. The salary fund varies depending on the qualifications of the workers. For a construction of 300 m 2, 3 people are enough, about 70 thousand rubles per month. Related expenses require about 40,000 rubles. And income is obtained starting from 400,000 rubles. per month. Depending on the season, the figure may increase or decrease.

How to choose what to grow in a greenhouse

Having gone through the first steps, a reasonable question arises as to which plants bring more profit. It is also important to understand what is easier to start with and what requires the least maintenance. It is important to consider the shelf life of the product.

The opportunity to choose forces you to consider in detail all the options, as well as third-party factors, in order to run your business as efficiently as possible. We study the level of competition in the market you are going to enter. It is important to understand what entrepreneurs are offering now. Not only competitors who own greenhouses are taken into account, but also the number of plants that are offered from ordinary fields.

You can not discount the wishes of customers. At the beginning of work, crops are selected that attract consumers all year round. The fundamental law of entrepreneurship says: "Demand creates supply." Therefore, at the start, it is better to dwell on popular plants.

Evaluate your options wisely. Investing in a year-round greenhouse vegetable growing business is essential to the choice of end product. You can build a small greenhouse for unpretentious greenery. At the same time, flowers will require a much larger area, better conditions and careful care.

It is important to take into account the climatic features of the area. In cold areas, greenhouses are more expensive, because the costs of maintaining a suitable temperature increase. In the southern regions, it is easier to deal with business.

Analysis of possible options

The most suitable candidates are:

In the flower business, hybrid roses are popular. These flowers are constantly in price, while requiring minimal care. They need good soil, adequate watering and fertilizer. With good care, one bush gives about 250 units of goods. Also, indoor flowers and chrysanthemums are often grown in greenhouses.

If we consider working with greenery, then the cultures here are diverse and unpretentious. At the same time, greens in peat pots are excellently sold. They are sold with soil, so you can store products longer. The advantage of this option is a high margin and a stable interest of the end user, regardless of seasonality.

Growing vegetables in a greenhouse all year round as a business is more complex from a technological point of view, and income also varies depending on the season. The cheapest way is to grow vegetables in a greenhouse all year round using hydroponics. In this case, the final product has a specific watery taste. For this reason, most businessmen refuse such technology in favor of improving the quality of goods.

Most farmers choose cucumbers. They can be easily grown from seedlings, which will reduce the ripening time. For them, a high percentage of humidity is important, it should be above 80%. Cucumbers are not whimsical to the ground. Therefore, they can be placed, both by the classical method directly in the soil, and in mats on special racks. The second option is preferable, as this saves space, which means that the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe room increases.

Tomatoes can also be grown in soil and in hydroponic setups. The second option brings more profit, but the color, taste and aroma of vegetables suffer. For this reason, soil cultivation in a greenhouse is most often chosen as a business. This option is more expensive, while the product is easier to sell and it is valued higher. It is important to choose the right varieties of tomatoes. It is necessary to pay attention that the seedlings were intended specifically for greenhouses. At the same time, large yields are obtained from varieties that were bred in Russia, Holland or Poland.

Another vegetable suitable for greenhouses is cabbage. Like cucumbers, it requires high indoor humidity to produce good yields. The advantage of cabbage is that it can bear fruit several times a year, when grown in closed soil. You can choose almost any variety of cabbage: Beijing, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts or ordinary white cabbage.

To speed up the cultivation of vegetables in a greenhouse as a business, it is recommended to grow seedlings in advance using the cassette method. Early hybrid varieties that do not require pollination are best suited. In addition to sufficient humidity, you need to pay attention to the temperature in the room. It should not be higher than +20 degrees Celsius. Thus, the release of flower stalks slows down.

Sweet peppers are a good choice. It does not require special pollination, it sings quickly. It is important to focus on special greenhouse varieties. When growing them, it is necessary to constantly add minerals and fertilizers to the soil, as well as monitor the high level of humidity.

If desired and there is a request from the market, other vegetables can be grown. The most profitable can be:

eggplant;

Hot peppers.

The most difficult thing is to grow and implement a business in a greenhouse, growing berries. They are more demanding than other plants, are more difficult to transport and store less. At the same time, such farms are often found, due to high demand throughout the year. Special greenhouse varieties are purchased. They are characterized by a pronounced taste, beautiful shape and less juiciness, which simplifies the process of transportation.

Growing plants on ordinary soil, gardeners acquire ready-made seedlings. At the same time, a more profitable option for growing vegetables in a greenhouse all year round is to prepare seedlings with your own hands. It is convenient that you can start in another room. It is also possible to produce seedlings in the main room, but then you need to install a section with it as close to the light as possible. Seeds can be sown once every two weeks, thus obtaining seedlings of different ages and a continuous supply of vegetables for the customer.

When it comes to soil selection, many crops require a combination of pitch, peat and garden soil. The finished mixture must be disinfected. The best option is to use copper sulfate. Then fertilizer minerals are added to the soil and loosening occurs. Watering seedlings is done as the earth dries. Indeed, due to lack of water, the yield will decrease significantly. Another important factor is the temperature regime.

There are three ways to grow vegetables. Hydroponic systems are almost never used due to the low demand for such products. The soil method is used for most vegetables. Shelving option is good for small plants. Once every 1.5-2 weeks, it is important to till the soil and clean the weeds.

Caring for some vegetables

To increase profits and yields, it is necessary to understand that one crop is grown in a greenhouse. This is due to different needs for watering and the state of the environment. Therefore, each greenhouse has a specific purpose or is divided into sectors at the construction stage.

To get a big harvest, you need to take care of the right conditions. If you want cucumbers to bear a lot of fruit, then you need them to trudge up. For this, racks are built and threads are pulled. They act as guides.

Tomatoes and peppers need a more rigid support. After all, their fruits are heavier and there is a danger of damage to the plant itself under their weight. Please note that sweet and bitter peppers must be separated into separate compartments. If you grow them in the same garden, then sweet peppers can get bitter. Cabbage does not require additional adaptations and gets along well with other crops. It also bears fruit all year round.

Construction of a greenhouse for business

When all the nuances of choosing and growing different crops have become clear, the question arises of how to build a greenhouse. In order for the greenhouse to function throughout the year, it is necessary to choose a capital type of construction. The frame is chosen either from wood or from galvanized metal. A winter greenhouse is always built on a foundation. The thickness is determined by the climatic conditions of the area.

The cheapest and fastest construction option is polyethylene coating. At the same time, the film is not durable and poorly passes the sun's rays. As a rule, its replacement is necessary every season. Due to this, the payback is significantly reduced. This type of building can be chosen for crops that prefer a humid environment:

Tomatoes;

In such greenhouses, greens, flowers and strawberries give a poor harvest.

An expensive, but more reliable option is glazed greenhouses. It should be borne in mind that ordinary glass for a greenhouse is not suitable. It is necessary to purchase specially industrial glass. It tolerates temperature fluctuations and bad weather conditions well. In addition to the cost, glass has another disadvantage: an increase in the amount of ultraviolet light. On summer days it will be necessary to provide shade to prevent overburning.

The most suitable choice would be an acrylic or polycarbonate greenhouse to use all year round as a business. Such materials have high strength, while it can be easily bent into the desired shape and cut. Polycarbonate has an excellent light transmission coefficient and performs well even in the northern regions.

For large businesses, you can choose a shed design. It will allow you to evenly distribute the light, and the snow will roll off the roof faster. Engineers recommend making the north side out of wood or cinder block. An opaque surface will imitate a solar battery, due to which there will be savings on heating. It is important that good air ventilation, climate control and irrigation devices are installed in the greenhouse.

To avoid disturbing the microclimate, it is necessary to equip a double door or vestibule. Due to this, there is no heat loss. To increase heating savings, the best option is to use a combination of different types of fuel. use:

Electric boilers;

Infrared cables.

For industrial purposes, larger sizes are used, most often the area is in the range from 500 to 1000 m 2. To ensure the reliability of the structure, load-bearing columns are located in it. For beginner farmers, you can choose more modest sizes. To work with vegetables and flowers, you can stay on an area of up to 200 m 2, and there is enough space for greenery in a greenhouse measuring 100 m 2.

Search for consumers for products from the greenhouse

It is necessary to look for a sales market even at the construction stage. This will avoid downtime and ensure a stable income from plants throughout the year. Due to the short shelf life for most vegetables, it is better to look for several options at once. As a rule, farmers refuse to sell all goods to the final consumer.

Most often, the goods are sent to wholesale depots. Due to cooperation with wholesale centers, there is a significant reduction in the time when ripe vegetables are stored in the warehouses of the greenhouse. In this case, the price is reduced and you need to take care of the delivery.

Another option is to work with resellers. The advantage is that such entrepreneurs have personal transport and you are relieved of the need to deliver products. You can also work with processing companies. Since they are regularly engaged in the production of canned products, they are constantly in need of fresh raw materials. This makes it possible to supply them with large quantities at good prices.

The most difficult, but also the most profitable option is to sell to retail stores. In this case, you will have to spend a lot of time and effort communicating with the owners of outlets and following all the recommendations of retail chains for object certification. As in the case of wholesale depots, delivery is carried out by the farmer, so a forwarder and company transport will be required here.

Thus, greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round bring a good income. Although this business requires investments at the start, it quickly pays off. With the right approach, you can reach big profits without repeated investments.

How to grow in a greenhouse all year round? Get harvests whole year possible only when building capital winter greenhouses. Structures can be erected on a wooden or metal galvanized frame. for business must have a foundation, its thickness depends on the climatic conditions of the region.

A greenhouse in winter as a business covered with polyethylene will cost cheapest. However, the film coating has a number of disadvantages: brittleness, poor light transmission. The film will have to be replaced every season, which will significantly reduce the profitability of the structure. Film greenhouses are suitable for growing moisture-loving crops: cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers. Greens, strawberries and flowers do not need the high humidity that the film creates.

Glazed greenhouses are more durable, but their construction will cost more. For greenhouses, you need not domestic, but tempered industrial glass, it is much more resistant to weather conditions. The disadvantage of glass greenhouses is an excess of ultraviolet radiation. On hot and sunny days, the plants will have to be shaded to avoid burns.

Perfect option- a greenhouse covered with sheets of acrylic or polycarbonate.

They are durable, easy to cut and bend, taking any shape.

Polycarbonate transmits sunlight, suitable even for the coldest regions.

Suitable for industrial cultivation shed structures.

This form provides uniform illumination and prevents snow from lingering on the roof.

It is desirable to make the northern wall of the greenhouse opaque by laying it out with timber or cinder blocks. A blank wall will create the effect of a solar battery, allowing you to save on heating.

The building must be equipped with a ventilation system, climate control and automatic drip irrigation. A double door or vestibule is needed at the entrance area, this will protect the plants from the cold in winter.

The most important issue for year-round greenhouses is heating during the cold season. To save money, you can combine conventional heating methods with biofuels. For heating, you can use wood stoves, fires, electric boilers, infrared cables. Most often, farmers combine several methods.

Industrial greenhouses are impressive in size. The most common area is from 500 sq. m to 1 ha. For strength, load-bearing columns are installed inside the structure. Farm greenhouse may be smaller. For vegetables and flowers, it is worth building structures of 150-200 square meters. m, greenhouses of 100-120 sq. m.

Choosing cultures

Experts are unanimous: it is most profitable to grow flowers in a greenhouse. Greens are in second place, vegetables are in third. Those who decide to bet on berry crops, especially strawberries, have good chances.

The choice of a particular crop for cultivation depends on many factors:

The level of competition in the region. Before you start working, you need to find out what other entrepreneurs are growing. It is worth considering that in summer and early autumn the profitability of the greenhouse business falls due to an increase in the supply of ground crops.
Consumer preferences. Bet on what is in high demand. Beginning farmers should grow the most popular crops that are easier to market.
level of initial investment. The cheapest way to build a small greenhouse for greenery. Growing flowers is much more expensive, they are demanding in terms of heating, lighting, and the size of greenhouses.
climate. The colder the region, the less profitable greenhouse farms due to high heating costs.

Characteristics of popular cultures

What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse all year round? In a greenhouse, they most often grow, and, or. Let's dwell on this in more detail.

IMPORTANT! It is necessary to choose varieties cultivated for greenhouses, which are distinguished by a rich taste and the correct shape of berries, as well as their density and moderate juiciness.

Basic costs

A winter greenhouse, as a business, requires a significant initial investment. These include:

Purchase or lease of land. The price depends on the distance. It is worth considering that a farm located far away increases transport costs.
Construction and equipment of the greenhouse. The most expensive option is a fully automated building with a climate control system, drip irrigation, auto-ventilation, fogging and shading.
Purchase of planting material. The cheapest option is to buy seeds. Grown seedlings and cuttings for stocking flowers are more expensive. In the future, in the greenhouse, you can allocate a zone for the constant cultivation of seedlings for yourself and for sale.
Registration of a farm or individual entrepreneur. Necessary for entrepreneurs who plan to actively work with retail and attract employees. A small greenhouse on its own plot does not need to be registered, but it limits the farmer's ability to find buyers for the products.

In addition to one-time expenses, the farmer is also waiting for monthly expenses. These include:

spending on heating, lighting and plumbing;
buying fertilizers;
fare;
employees' wages.

Profitability

Experts estimate the average profitability of a winter greenhouse at 20%.

When breeding flowers and greenery, it reaches 30% and above, profitability vegetable greenhouses - no more than 15%.

Payback periods depend on the size of the greenhouses and the level of demand.

To get the maximum benefit from the greenhouse business, you must:

Choose the right crop to grow. Undemanding greens are suitable for novice farmers, flowers or strawberries for more experienced farmers. Vegetables should be grown only in regions with a temperate climate and low competition.
Build a quality greenhouse, which will not require annual repairs. Buildings made of decommissioned double-glazed windows are not suitable for business.
Consider lighting and heating.
Select cultivation technology. Soil technologies are too expensive, hydroponic crops are not liked by consumers. A compromise option is suspended cultivation or rack technology. Soil layers are placed in tiers, each equipped with lighting and irrigation system. Strawberries can be grown in special mats placed in vertical or horizontal plastic sleeves.
Control the composition of the soil. The greenhouse business requires frequent replacement of the soil, with continuous cultivation and dense plantings, it is quickly depleted. You need to fertilize every 2 weeks.
Use varieties cultivated for growing in greenhouses. They are resistant to diseases, have a short growing season and excellent yields. It is recommended to bet on the 2-3 most popular varieties, excluding constant experiments with new products.

A greenhouse business can become successful and provide the owner with a steady income. In order not to be disappointed, it is important to analyze your capabilities long before the start, draw up a detailed business plan and think over the issues of product sales.

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Greenhouse business plan - we present detailed calculations, the payback period for this business, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of running it.

Capital investment in greenhouse: 15 000$
Business payback: 2-3 years
Profitability level: 15%

A greenhouse, with proper organization and management, is able to bring a stable large income to the owners.

However, entering a business without understanding its principles is almost a 100% guarantee of unprofitability.

Therefore, a greenhouse is often organized by those who have extensive practical experience in this area.

But even the most experienced person will need greenhouse business plan.

Advantages and disadvantages of organizing a greenhouse

Advantages	Flaws
You can start a business with minimal investment.	Profitable only for the southern regions.
State subsidies available.	A business organized by an insufficiently competent person is guaranteed to become unprofitable.
Pays off quickly.	Large power consumption.
There is a dispute both in retail chains and among retail buyers.	It is required to think over the product storage system (short implementation period).

Greenhouse business plan: planning

It’s worth starting with the fact that the greenhouse business is divided into three main groups: growing vegetables, flowers and herbs.

The chosen direction depends on how the business will be built in the future.

It is believed that the latter option is simpler and more cost-effective than others.

At first, it will be possible to grow greens even in a greenhouse, collected with your own hands.

At the same time, the business of selling such products is considered very profitable.

Summary and Goals of the Greenhouse Project

In the introductory part of the greenhouse plan, the basic information about the enterprise is indicated: type of activity, location, information about the owner.

But also business planning must include the goals that the entrepreneur sets for himself.

For a greenhouse business, the goals in the plan may sound like this:

Organize a greenhouse business to meet retail demand in the selected region.
Establish wholesale distribution of products to retail chains.
Scale up entrepreneurial activity by adding less common crops to the assortment for sale to restaurant enterprises.
Reach the level of profit - N million rubles a year.

Marketing section of the greenhouse business plan

Although the greenhouse business has many specific features, it also needs to have a marketing section in the plan.

This includes all the analytical information that will help organize a profitable business.

Let's consider two main points - the target audience and competitor analysis.

Who are the buyers of greenhouse products?

The plan usually analyzes who the average customer is.

For a greenhouse, an analysis of purchasing power in the region is also very important.

After all, an entrepreneur can select a product for cultivation, based on the intended target audience.

Businessmen who plan to start small and work only with retail should bet on simple running greens.

This includes green onions, parsley, dill, lettuce - a standard set.

Radishes and strawberries are also among the popular retail products.

When the business expands, an additional seasonal product can be introduced into the assortment - seedlings of various crops in early spring.

But entrepreneurs who “target” the organization of a large-scale business should focus exclusively on wholesale sales.

For this, cucumbers and tomatoes are mainly grown.

Another niche of consumers that you can focus on is the owners of cafes and restaurants.

As a rule, they often have a need for some relatively exotic crops.

A businessman can take the risk of growing a couple of species of whimsical plants in a greenhouse and thus occupy a narrow niche. The benefit is that the prices for such goods are correspondingly high.

Analysis of the level of competition in business

Competition analysis is an essential part of any planning, including a greenhouse business plan.

However, in fairness, it should be noted that the level of competition in the greenhouse business is generally small.

For analysis, it is necessary to select all representatives of this sphere in your region. Their activities are considered according to the following points:

What products are grown in greenhouses?
How many items are offered for sale?
Are customers satisfied with the quality of the offered product?

When studying information, it is also important to take into account the demand of the population of the region or those areas where you plan to supply goods.

The analysis must be approached in a holistic manner.

After all, even if now you have 2-3 large wholesale customers, there are no guarantees that you will continue to cooperate in a year.

In addition, you should always consider expanding the business over time.

Room for a greenhouse

The description of the location and premises has a separate meaning.

For example, if an entrepreneur plans to grow agricultural crops, it is important to assess the quality of the land in the chosen location.

Also, in additional information, you need to indicate how close the reservoirs are, whether the water is of high quality in them.

What transport hubs or routes are located nearby?

It is important to know this because greenhouse products are often very whimsical in transportation (has a short sales period).

So an entrepreneur should look for places of sale as close as possible to greenhouses and have convenient means of transport to increase profits.

Greenhouse business equipment

In terms of the greenhouse, the entrepreneur should pay special attention to the description of the technological processes of organizing work.

First of all, indicate which model of the greenhouse will be used and why.

Technical points are painted as detailed as possible.

They note who will be involved in the installation work, and how much it will cost.

It would not be superfluous to note why this particular company was chosen and give examples of their successful work.

This is important when using the plan, an entrepreneur is trying to attract investors or obtain credit funds.

Greenhouse staff

Greenhouse business plan should include detailed information about the staff.

The entrepreneur lists in the document the names of positions, the number of employees, their work responsibilities.

Financial information must also be provided: salary for the year, possible bonus payments and planned rate increases.

Subsequently, the plan is supplemented with an established work schedule and even a vacation schedule.

Opening calendar

The calendar plan is drawn up so that the entrepreneur himself and investors can track the organization process.

Is everything going according to schedule and have you forgotten about any step?

The calendar plan acts as an instruction to which you need to return from time to time.

Event	1 month	2 months	3 months
Conclusion of a land lease agreement
Acquisition and installation of greenhouses
Installation of lighting, ventilation, heating, irrigation
Search and recruitment of personnel
Purchase of seeds, soil, chemicals
Beginning of work

The financial section of the greenhouse business plan

The financial section is an essential part of any business planning. The greenhouse cultivation plan is no exception.

Greenhouse Business Startup Costs

The costs of opening a greenhouse business will not scare you with numerous zeros in the final amount.

Moreover, you can start small: build a greenhouse with your own hands, instead of an irrigation system, purchase an ordinary garden hose for 1000 rubles.

This approach will allow you to start a business with minimal investment.

Operating monthly expenses for the greenhouse business

It is important for an entrepreneur to remember: in addition to the costs of organizing, there will also be costs for its maintenance and development.

All these points should be listed in the business plan.

The video below shows an example of a successful greenhouse business:

Payback periods for greenhouse business

Although agriculture is not a particularly thriving industry in our time, this business can bring high profits.

If at the same time to maintain profitability at the level of 15-20%, investments will pay off in 1-3 years.

The payback period depends on the amount of capital investment, the scale of the business, and the type of product chosen.

For example, for a flower business, an entrepreneur will need to invest 3-4 times more money than in.

At the same time, growing vegetables is 3-4 times less profitable than growing greens!

The final choice of products remains, of course, with the entrepreneur.

The main thing is to think over and fix in greenhouse business plan all essential details.

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