How to independently insulate the walls of the cellar from the outside? How to insulate a cellar hatch - How to insulate a separate or home cellar: ways to finish with heat-insulating materials

Owners of private houses often have at their disposal separate basements where canned goods and vegetables are stored. If the room is not properly equipped, then during severe frosts, the walls of the structure may freeze through. Also, frosts can cover structural elements if high humidity is present, therefore, the basement of the house is waterproofed from the inside, as well as the building elements are finished with insulation. Consider how, in practice, the walls of the basement or cellar are insulated from the inside.

Insulate your cellar

How to insulate a cellar in a house or garage (materials)

Before considering in detail the insulation of the cellar in a house or garage, it should be clarified what materials can be used:

1. You can insulate your cellar from the inside with mineral wool, as well as glass wool (they retain heat well).
2. You can insulate the walls with foam. The material is distinguished by low cost and high rates of heat retention.
3. Use of peat or sawdust for work. They keep warm air in the rooms well, and also repel rodents.
4. Polyurethane foam. A wonderful tool for warming, which refers to sprayed substances.
5. Styrofoam. Styrofoam-like element with greater density and higher cost.
6. The use of expanded clay. We are talking about bulk insulation, which retains heat remarkably.

Chernozem is used for external improvement of thermal conditions in cellars, since, unlike other natural soil types, this variety retains heat best.

Important. Insulation of a cellar in a house or garage is necessarily accompanied by compliance with the technology, as this allows you to reduce the likelihood of freezing to a minimum.

In this video, we will consider the insulation of the cellar:

How to insulate the cellar from the inside from possible freezing

In order for measures to ensure favorable conditions inside the cellar to lead to the expected results, a number of technological recommendations must be observed:

1. Insulation of the cellar from the inside is carried out taking into account the expected conditions inside the home storage.
2. Internal insulation should be comprehensive: insulating material must fit all structural elements.
3. Before carrying out work, it is required to inspect the premises for the presence of through holes outside. They need to be sealed.
4. The insulation for the cellar is laid in such a way that there are no free gaps for freezing.
5. Outside and inside, the insulating material is necessarily covered with a heat-resistant film.
6. To perform insulation work, it is necessary to select the appropriate material.

To achieve the best thermal insulation performance, it is recommended to take into account all these nuances and features of insulation. All work is carried out in stages. You should start from the floor, gradually moving to the ceiling.

Important. After mounting the thermal insulation, it is necessary to close all the insulating elements, which will achieve the optimal result in retaining warm air inside the cellar.

Inner work

Thermal insulation inside such premises is carried out in stages. In general, all work is divided into the following separate points:

1. Creation of frost protection for the surface of the floor indoors.
2. Thermal insulation for walls from the inside of the structure.
3. Insulation of the ceiling of the basement or cellar.
4. Arrangement front door or other passage providing access to the inside of the structure.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that some of the owners land plots have separate facilities for storing canned food or vegetables. For such structures, the cellar is most often insulated with expanded clay or another type of bulk material, while the work is done outside.

Important. If a free-standing cellar allows cold to pass through, then it is additionally recommended to protect it from freezing from the inside with the help of auxiliary building elements.

Thermal insulation of walls

The procedure for protecting the premises from the presence of low temperatures includes the following algorithm of actions:

1. A heater for the cellar is pre-selected (the material that will cover the surface of the walls).
2. A special film is being prepared, which will act as a shell for the insulation component used.
3. The next step will be the search and sealing of holes that go directly to the street.
4. Installation of an insulating layer on the surface of the walls of the basement.

Finishing work with finishing material will reliably insulate the cellar from freezing.

Thermal insulation of the ceiling

Warming your cellar with foam or other material includes the need to mount heat-insulating elements on the ceiling.

1. Requires lightweight or sprayable material.
2. The surface is pre-cleaned of dust and dirt.
3. Additional wiring is released.
4. Heaters are gradually attached.
5. The joints of the elements are treated with sealants.

Use basalt wool to insulate the basement

At the end of the work, it is required to cover the insulating components with a finish.

Floor insulation

In practice, for basements and cellars, bulk elements are used as thermal insulation components for the floor. Peat or sawdust is great for this. To prevent moisture from penetrating from below, it is first necessary to lay everything with an insulating film, then make uniform embankments, and, if necessary, perform a coating so that the material does not spread, but remains in place.

Floor insulation with sand

To insulate a bulk or traditional cellar, it is recommended to choose sand as insulation for the floor. It has a relatively low cost, but it differs wonderful qualities for heat retention. To achieve the best performance, the composition is distributed evenly, and covered with a finish or film on top.

basement entrance thermal insulation

Earlier we looked at how to insulate the ceiling in the cellar, as well as other structural elements. However, the job will not be completed unless the input is properly isolated. Here you have to face the following nuances:

1. Structures cannot be insulated with polystyrene, as the exit may subsequently be blocked.
2. It is recommended to cover the entrance with insulating protection both from the inside and outside of the basement.
3. Immediately before starting work on thermal insulation, it is required to free the input element from everything superfluous.
4. It is recommended to isolate the door or hatch from the cold with mineral wool, which is attached from the inside of the cellar.
5. Outside, a more compact heat-resistant element (insulating film) is required to be glued to the entrance.
6. It is recommended to use a material larger than the input.
7. A film is necessarily sewn on top of the thermal insulation material, and then finishing elements.
8. The door frame should be fixed with mounting foam to block the gaps.

Given all these nuances, it is possible to reliably protect the entrance to the cellar from the penetration of cold air, as well as subsequent freezing.

Thermal insulation of the caisson

We are talking about separate storage facilities that are being built on the territory of the plots for the subsequent storage of vegetables and conservation. To protect this building from frost, it is recommended to perform the following actions:

1. Perform reliable work to isolate the room from the cold outside (this requires the use of dense soil rocks).
2. Create high-quality waterproofing, since it is moisture that often becomes the main cause of freezing.
3. Perform reliable protection of internal structural elements from penetration through the walls of cold air.
4. Also, if necessary, a special vestibule is created at the entrance, which contains a thermally insulating air cushion.

Earlier we looked at how to insulate the ceiling in the cellar, which is directly related to the heated building. It should also be clarified that when improving the caisson, it is necessary to do the same series of work, but choose denser materials for this.

Important. Gardeners and gardeners often face the question of whether it is necessary to insulate cellar walls and other structural elements. Here, an adjustment should be made for the climatic conditions in the region, as well as the purpose of the storage facility. If needed to maintain comfortable temperature thermal insulation is required. If a low temperature is required, then internal insulation not always appropriate.

Advantages and disadvantages

The performed work on the improvement of cellars, as a rule, has a number of positive qualities, as well as some of the disadvantages:

1. Inside the storage facility, an optimal atmosphere for storing canned goods and vegetables will be constantly maintained.
2. It is possible to protect the structure from freezing, which negatively affects the structural elements of the extension.
3. Subsequently, it is possible to operate the premises not only as storage, but also for other purposes.
4. Thermal insulation will avoid periodic heating of the cellar space.
5. After the insulation work has been carried out, there will be no increased humidity inside the storage.
6. The performed thermal insulation will protect the storage from the penetration of rodents, as well as other pests.

However, despite the positive aspects, there are also a number of disadvantages: the cost of complex insulation is quite high, more than heat. In addition, when sheathing is performed, the usable area inside the storage will be significantly reduced.

Important. Before proceeding with the thermal protection of the basement, it is necessary to understand the feasibility, since if the structural elements do not freeze through when excessively negative temperatures, then this work would be inappropriate.

Insulation of basements and residential premises should be properly performed from the outside so that the dew point is outside the walls. This will protect them from getting wet and freezing in the cold season. The service life of load-bearing structures will increase significantly, the microclimate inside becomes optimal for storing vegetables, blanks and other things. However, it is not always possible to perform such insulation, more precisely, if this was not done at the stage of building a house, nothing can be done.

Insulated basement in a private house

In such a situation, only internal insulation will come to the rescue. It allows you to shift the dew point outside the room, which, of course, will not affect the service life of the walls, but will save the room from dampness. The topic of today's article is the insulation of the basement and cellar from the inside in a private house, methods for its implementation, materials for these purposes.

This question was partially answered in the introductory part of the article, but the information listed is far from all that pushes for the adoption of such measures. In addition to keeping the walls from dampness, the following should be considered:

• When condensate and general dampness leave the room, microorganisms (read, mold) cease to actively multiply in it. If organized properly supply ventilation and heating, then the room can be used as a living room.
• You expand the usable area of ​​the house. In the basement, if a large storage area is not required, you can equip a zone active rest. Many make here gyms, billiards, hookahs and more.
• The absence of dampness allows the use of a wide range of materials for finishing. This means that you can create inside beautiful interior for your comfortable presence.

Comfortable seating area in the basement

Important! Dampness in the basement appears not only due to condensation. Foundation walls can be washed away by groundwater, which in some regions passes for very high level. You can protect yourself from such a threat only with high-quality waterproofing. It is mounted outside and in several layers.

Basement insulation from the outside over the waterproofing layer

• The total heat loss of a building through the basement can reach a high value of 20%. Of course, these are not walls and roofs, but the indicator is also significant. The cold from the basement rises to the living quarters, it is uncomfortable and even dangerous to move on the floor without heating and warm coatings.

Advice! If the main reason why a person decided to insulate the basement is precisely this, then it will be enough to isolate only the ceiling from the basement side.

The insulation of the cellar is carried out according to the same standards as the basements. The difference of this building is that it can stand independently of the house. There are no communications inside, except for electricity. Its isolation is required to ensure optimal conditions for food storage. If the ceilings in the basement are often left uninsulated, then this cannot be done with the cellar.

Why is basement waterproofing and vapor barrier required?

It is impossible to protect your house with only one heat insulator, especially if no external preparation of the foundation was made during the construction of the house. To achieve a quality result, you need to take a series of measures to protect the basement walls and floor.

Diffuse membrane waterproofing inside the basement

• Certain categories of heaters do not tolerate exposure to moisture. Most a prime example- This is mineral wool, which, when wet, loses about 70% of its insulating properties.
• It turns out that you need to protect the insulation itself. The photo above shows how the walls of the basement were previously closed. membrane waterproofing. For reference - this material is considered the best in the class of roll waterproofing, and is one of the most effective.
• Top Mounted wooden frame, inside which sheets of insulation will be installed. Even if groundwater affects the foundation of the house, moisture will not get into the insulation in this case.

Installing a vapor barrier film over mineral wool

• Moisture can enter the insulation and from the room in the form of water vapor. Some do basement kitchens or laundry rooms. There is always enough moisture in such rooms, and it tends to penetrate the walls.

In this case, a membrane vapor barrier film that allows air to pass in only one direction will help protect the insulation. It is mounted on the same frame, on top of the insulation, using a stapler.

Attention! It is important to fix the protection on the right side. Read the manufacturer's instructions carefully, otherwise you will not receive any protection.

The vapor barrier film resembles outwardly polymer burlap

• Next, a layer of skin is mounted. Moisture-resistant drywall is now increasingly being used - a good basis for many fine finishing materials.

Vapor barrier can be completely excluded from the described "pie" if a polymer insulation is used that is not afraid of moisture. Their types and properties will be discussed in a separate chapter.

Basement ventilation

The third important point in creating a warm and dry basement or cellar is. The constantly moving air will remove moisture, steam and unpleasant odors from the rooms.

Basement and living quarters ventilation scheme

• The ventilation system can be active or passive. The first option involves the creation of air draft due to fans and turbines powered by electricity. It is mainly used in large rooms where natural air movement may not be enough.
• There are three types of ventilation: exhaust, supply and combined. With the exhaust system, the fans are put on blowing. They create areas of low pressure in the room, which immediately tend to be filled with air masses through the supply channels.

Exhaust fan in the basement

• In the second case, a blower unit is installed, which pushes air inside. An increased pressure is created in the cellar, and excess gas is squeezed out through the exhaust channels.
• If the room has a complex configuration, there are many partitions in it, and air cannot circulate freely, both methods are combined. Such systems are the most efficient.

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Construction of poultry houses

The supply ventilation pipe is mounted simultaneously with the basement walls

Passive ventilation for small basements and cellars is also effective. The draft is formed due to the temperature difference between the masses inside the room and those coming from outside. Warm air heats up and becomes lighter, it rises up, going into the exhaust pipe. In its place, a new one immediately enters, through the supply air vent.

In order for the room to be well ventilated, the outlet of the supply pipe should be located closer to the basement floor, but no more than 50 cm. The hood is placed under the ceiling and led upwards. At the same time, it is better to spread the pipes on different sides of the room so that more air is involved in the movement.

Interesting to know! Do proper ventilation not so easy, despite the simplicity of its device. It is very important to correctly calculate the position of the system parts, the diameter of the pipes and the power of the active equipment.

Professionals do these things. If there are no funds to hire them, online calculators can be used, but the results given by them will be approximate.

How and what to insulate correctly

In the second part of the article, we will talk about popular materials, talk about their characteristics and installation methods. Separately, let's see how to insulate the floors, and learn a little about the insulation of water pipes that run in the basement.

Wool for internal insulation of cellars and cellars

Depending on the tasks, you can take the following materials:

Material, photo:	Description:
	Mineral wool is a whole class of insulation, including a variety of materials. In this paragraph, we will describe their common properties, and in the lower ones we will talk about the types and their differences. Mineral wool can be produced in different densities and thicknesses. On average, 5 cm of such protection is enough to replace a clay brick, 10-15 cm thick. The material is flexible, therefore it is suitable as insulation for surfaces of complex shape. Along the way, it is a good sound insulator. Cotton wool is not afraid of heating - some types can tolerate temperatures even at +1000 degrees Celsius Its composition is completely natural - no one should have allergies. However, it is worth noting that the nuisance is too small pile, clogging into clothes and skin. It can also enter the lungs, so it is recommended to cover it with a film. Mineral wool is not afraid of rodents or mold, which is important for the basement. They are hygroscopic and strongly draw water into themselves. When wet, cotton wool begins to rot, and its insulating properties are greatly reduced.
	Everyone knows this stuff. It is the cheapest in the class. Produced from recycled glass, lime, sand and chemicals. All this is melted in special furnaces, then blown through grates. The composition includes formaldehydes that are harmful to health, so glass wool is not used for residential premises. You can use it under the insulation of water supply pipes in the basement of a private house, then cover with foil. The glass fibers are brittle, easily torn off on contact with the hands and hammered into the skin. For this reason, you need to work only in protective clothing - goggles, gloves, a respirator, closed clothing and a headgear.
	This material is made from slag obtained in metallurgical production (blast furnace slag). It has a residual acidity, due to which, upon contact with metals, it begins to oxidize. Technically, you can use it, but it's better to find a more suitable solution. Slag wool for pipe insulation is also not used. It gets wet very quickly and starts to rot.
	Such a heater is devoid of many of the shortcomings of the previous options - it is not fragile, less hygroscopic, practically does not shrink and is more tear-resistant. It is made from diabase and gabbro. Such cotton wool is sold in rolls and plates. The first option is good for, that is, you can perform basement insulation in wooden house from the inside, and the second is good for the walls. It is installed in the frame.
	Basalt wool can also be classified as stone wool, but it is distinguished by the absence of binding mineral additives. This allows you to increase the upper and lower temperature thresholds (-190 and +1000 degrees, respectively). The service life of the material is 80 years, subject to proper installation and permanent waterproofing. Attention! Despite their less brittleness, it is also necessary to work with stone and basalt wool in protective clothing. High density basalt wool can be used as a base for plastering.
	A separate class of heaters are organic wool. They can be made from different materials: wood fibers; hemp; coconut pile; flax; straw and other natural warm materials. Such plates are popular in Europe and the world - there has now been a real boom in everything natural. In terms of thermal efficiency and other properties, some solutions even surpass mineral wool, but they have one serious drawback - rotting and other biological threats. Rodents inside arrange cozy and warm houses. The effectiveness of insulation will suffer from their vital activity, and unpleasant odors will appear.
Application of ecowool by spraying	Ecowool is a rather exotic material. It is made from paper waste and old waste paper. It is produced in the form of plates and loose mixture. This material is hygroscopic, so it needs high-quality protection. They are mainly insulated with ceilings and frame structures.

Artificial insulation

Everything that was listed in the article is of natural origin, but a large segment of the market is also occupied by polymers, which in many respects surpass cotton wool in properties.

Material, photo:	Description:
	Thin rolled thermal insulators made of foamed polymers differ high efficiency. The materials have many names (Penofol, Isolon and others), but they have the same essence. The polymer whipped into foam solidifies, air remains in its internal pores, which effectively retains heat. One side can be covered with a layer of foil, which enhances the heat-reflecting properties. The canvas is vapor-tight and absolutely not afraid of moisture. Vapor barrier is not needed for him - he himself effectively protects the walls. You can use it for both walls and floors, rolling it into a screed. 8 mm layer of the same Penofol will replace 5 cm of mineral wool. Interesting to know! Often this material and mineral wool are combined. The polymer insulator protects the second from moisture.
Basement ceiling insulated with Penoplex	Extruded polystyrene foam will almost best solution for the basement. He is not at all afraid of dampness, very durable, but devoid of elasticity (this is not important for even walls). It is mounted both outside and inside the room. The material is suitable as a base for screed and plaster, capable of carrying high static loads. Holds heat well and is easy to install. Floor insulation in the basement of a private house is best done with extruded polystyrene foam.
	Innovative insulation with liquid polyurethane foam will create a monolithic protection without cold bridges over all surfaces of the basement or cellar. Such material costs and work on its application is quite expensive. Polyurethane foam is superior in terms of thermal efficiency to all other analogues precisely due to the creation of a solid "carpet". He is also not afraid of water. Only ultraviolet is harmful to it, but it is not in the basement and cellar, especially since everything is then covered with a finish.

concrete ceiling basement lined with styrofoam

This is still the same polystyrene foam, but of much lower density, and made using a different technology. The material is effective insulation and a sound insulator, is not afraid of water and is simply mounted, however, it does not stand out for its durability and is loved by mice. Rodents will quickly process it into waste, so this option is dubious for a basement.

Loose insulation

Warming of the basement floor in a wooden house and warming of the cellar can be partially done with bulk materials. They proved to be a good base for concrete screeds, they are cheap and keep heat well.

This is what expanded clay granules look like

Such insulation is not suitable for walls, except for frame ones, but these are not found in cellars. For hardwood floor this is a good solution, as it has a low weight. Here is what is used most often in our country:

• expanded clay;
• granulated glass;
• penoizol and expanded polystyrene granulated;
• sawdust - they are often mixed with pure clay;
• vermiculite crushed stone, made from mica;
• perlite is a volcanic ore.

The garage is considered good place for car parking. Equipping such a room with a cellar can be a great idea for those who want to store crops and various harvests in it. Meanwhile, such underground storages are characterized by cold and high humidity, which contribute to the deterioration of many products and the bottom of the car. Such phenomena can be avoided if you know how to insulate the cellar in the garage using modern thermal insulation materials and new technologies. If a garage with a cellar is just being built, then you should take care of the insulation of its underground part in advance.

Features of insulation

The process of warming the basement of the garage practically does not differ from similar work in other rooms. However, there are a number of nuances that can significantly affect the final result. The fact is that in all underground rooms there is increased humidity. This fact is due to the fact that the walls of basements or cellars have direct contact with the ground. In practice, the soil contains a large amount of moisture, which freely penetrates through the walls of the basement.

Therefore, the main task in the arrangement of the cellar will be to ensure sufficient waterproofing of its walls and floor. The most effective option for such protection of the walls of an underground room is the application of waterproofing to the outer part of the cellar walls. This is a rather laborious process that requires digging a deep trench around the perimeter of the basement, which is impossible when several garages are located in one module. In this case, you can lay waterproofing on the inner walls of the cellar.

To create a waterproofing layer of basement walls, you can use polymer films, roofing material, as well as special bituminous mastics. The main thing is to ensure the integrity of such an insulating layer. For wall insulation, you can use mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, as well as other modern materials with high thermal insulation properties. Some materials support combustion, so in such a room it is necessary to ensure all measures fire safety and make the right choice.

Ventilation

In underground storage facilities such as basements, ventilation plays an important role. For an efficient device ventilation system it is necessary to provide an air connection with the external space. The best option for this would be to install a pipe of a suitable diameter. One end of it must be lowered into the cellar, and the other taken out into the street. If necessary, the pipe can be equipped exhaust fan. The ventilation system will be ineffective if you do not provide fresh air from the street to the basement.

Ceiling insulation

The ceiling of the cellar in the garage is in direct contact with its cold floor. Therefore, the ceiling in the cellar of the garage also needs to be insulated. For this, traditional thermal insulation materials such as mineral wool and expanded polystyrene can be used. First you need to build a crate from a bar or a metal profile. If wood is used, it should be carefully treated with protective compounds. After the construction of the suspended frame, it is necessary to lay the insulation, cover it with a layer of vapor barrier film and sheathe it with plastic.

Note! When insulating the ceiling with foam, it is enough to glue it to a flat ceiling and additionally secure it with parachutes. The surface is covered with a reinforcing mesh with a special solution. In this case, you do not have to make a frame.

Wall insulation

As already reported, a waterproofing layer must be provided on the walls of the cellar. To do this, you can use roofing material, polymer film or special compounds based on bitumen. Having ensured reliable waterproofing, you should proceed to the insulation of the walls. First you need to build a crate from a metal profile or a wooden beam treated with a protective compound. The frame is a system of vertical posts and horizontal lintels, fixed to the wall with dowels.

After the construction of the crate, it is necessary to lay the insulation, cutting it to the size of the frame cells. When installing insulation, it is necessary to exclude voids and open areas of the wall surface in order to provide them with effective thermal insulation. On top of the laid insulation, a layer of vapor barrier film should be provided. This is necessary in order to prevent the penetration of moisture formed in the basement room into the insulation.

Wall insulation with foam plastic is done in the same way as for the ceiling.

Floor insulation

Depending on what kind of floor is available in the basement of the garage, you should choose best option its insulation. If the floor is concrete base, then an additional layer of sawdust mixed with sand is needed to insulate it. After that, you can build a wooden platform from boards treated with a protective compound. The disadvantage of such insulation is that sawdust absorbs moisture and this heat-insulating layer will often have to be changed.

Note! When insulating the floor with foam, you will need to close it by making a sand-cement screed.

Insulation of the cellar in the garage is a responsible event, despite the seeming simplicity of such work. This is due to the increased humidity of underground rooms and the likelihood of cold air masses. The process of insulation requires the provision of the necessary insulation, and compliance with all existing rules.

How to insulate a cellar in a garage - ways to insulate cellars in garages photo

Learn how to insulate a cellar in a garage. The article discusses ways to insulate the cellar. It is described in detail how to insulate the ceiling, walls and floor of the cellar.

How to insulate a cellar and where to start

Carrying out work in the cellar for warming with your own hands

As a rule, the cellar is used to store food, as this room is most adapted to such use. The thermal insulation of the cellar solves not only the problems with food storage, but is also responsible for the heat in the house.

So, an uninsulated cellar will cause cold and high humidity.

How to properly insulate the cellar: the beginning of work

Insulation work can be done independently, it is not necessary to involve specialists.

• To carry out work on the thermal insulation of the cellar is still at the construction stage.
• Do-it-yourself cellar insulation begins with waterproofing the foundation and carrying out work, the result of which will be good air circulation in the room.

Advice. If it is found that there is condensation on the walls of the room, this indicates that the foundation of the building is poorly waterproofed. In this case, insulation should not be carried out until work has been completed to protect the supporting base.

• Another way to waterproof the foundation is to lay a drainage ditch, which is located at a depth of about 30 cm below the level of the cellar of the house.
• All of the above measures, in fact, are only an addition to protection. Of course, they are very important, but they are not the main ones.

Note. The main and most important method of waterproofing is the treatment of walls both outside and inside the foundation of the building with special compounds.

Wall waterproofing

Wall treatment with liquid rubber - reliable protection against dampness

The most simple and in an inexpensive way processing from the inside is to cover the walls with liquid rubber. The price of such a polymer-bitumen solution is quite acceptable.

• The solution is perfectly applied with a brush or roller on a previously prepared surface.
• Then the composition is put in any convenient way. Despite the fact that such a mixture has excellent adhesion to the surface, it is necessary to additionally press it against the walls in order to avoid peeling under the influence of moisture.

Note. But such surface treatment of the walls of the cellar or basement is not enough, there are many reasons for this.

• If waterproofing was not carried out during construction or was performed poorly, it is necessary to remove all adjacent soil to the foundation walls and wait for the walls to dry completely.
• After that, on the surface of the walls you need to apply a composition of a mixture of diesel fuel and bitumen in proportions of 3: 1, and then cover everything with hot bitumen.
• You need to remember about ventilation, what material would not be chosen for the insulation of the cellar, it will quickly become unusable if there is no air circulation in the room.
• The simplest and most effective way of ventilation is to install a system of supply and exhaust ducts made of ordinary pvc pipes diameter from 1 to 5 cm.

The air will circulate independently due to the temperature difference, while the end of the supply channel must be significantly lower than the end of the outlet.

How to insulate the cellar: the choice of material

Thermal insulation of the cellar: an integrated approach - insulation of the ceiling in the cellar, walls and floor

To insulate the cellar, you will need several materials, since different raw materials for thermal insulation are used for walls, ceilings and floors. For example, it is easier to insulate the cellar ceiling with foam.

How to insulate a cellar:

• If everything is in order with waterproofing and ventilation, then you can proceed directly to the insulation of the cellar.
• Despite the fact that internal insulation will significantly change the microclimate of the cellar, one should not forget that the wall interacts with the external environment in any case.
• This means that during frost or extreme heat, it will heat up or freeze to a large extent.
• This can be avoided if measures are taken to externally insulate the cellar. The most practical and inexpensive way is to cover with a mixture of cement and sawdust.
• The composition is prepared at the rate of: 1 part of cement and 8 parts of sawdust, with this solution the wall is covered with a layer of 25–35 cm, after drying it is applied cement strainer.

Note. This method, in addition to their direct functional features will help to “shift” the formation of the dew point into the insulation layer, which will prevent the appearance of moisture in the insulated room.

Walls outside

Instructions for the work of external thermal insulation

Warming the walls of the cellar from the inside is ineffective, since the material will significantly reduce the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and still moisture and cold will remain. The strongest thermal insulation is measures aimed at warming the walls from the outside.

If this was not done during construction, then the soil should be removed and thermal insulation should be carried out from scratch.

The procedure for insulating walls with foam from the outside:

• It is necessary to eliminate all wall defects.
• Produce high-quality waterproofing of the walls of the cellar.
• Install foam boards (experts recommend using a material with a density of 25).
• Insulation, in order to avoid the formation of condensate, is covered with a vapor barrier film.
• A cement screed is made on top, cement of the M-100 brand is used for its preparation, reinforcement is carried out for the fortress.

Cellar ceiling insulation

We work with the ceiling

"How to insulate the ceiling of the cellar?" - perhaps the most pressing question, since half of the total heat exchange between the room and environment going through the floor and ceiling. Therefore, the insulation of the cellar ceiling is a very important stage of thermal insulation.

Styrofoam, as a cellar insulation, is best suited:

• Excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
• Light weight does not create a load on structural elements.
• Availability and economy.
• Low exposure to moisture.
• Does not rot and does not promote the formation of mold.

We work with foam:

• The only alternative to polystyrene is expanded polystyrene. Other materials can be used as insulation, but they are much more expensive and less practical.
• Before proceeding with the insulation, it is necessary to eliminate all wall defects: chips, cracks. You need to check the condition of the joints.
• Styrofoam is very easy to use, it is enough to glue it with frost-resistant glue to the surface or attach it using special dowels.
• Styrofoam fasteners can also be made without the help of a special crate. The advantage is that the material is non-hygroscopic and therefore does not require the installation of a vapor barrier film.

Advice. In the event that glass wool or similar insulation is used, it is necessary to mount the crate.

The disadvantages of polystyrene include a high fire hazard, so wiring and other sources of ignition should be as isolated from the material as possible. In addition, the foam is not environmentally friendly, which is why it is not used in residential areas.

Heat-insulating "pie" for the floor

You can insulate the floor in several ways. The most common option is expanded clay insulation. This requires a vapor barrier, the role of which is performed by a vapor barrier film. After that, beacons are installed, according to the rules.

Note. Then expanded clay is poured, the fraction of which is from 5 to 20 mm, the layer thickness must be at least 10 cm, and then it is poured with a concrete reinforced screed and leveled.

Floor insulation can be done with gravel and sand.

• The top layer of the floor with a thickness of about 30 cm is removed.
• A layer of crushed stone of 10 cm is poured at the bottom of the formed recess.
• The device is a pillow made of sand 5 cm thick.
• Ramming.
• Filling with bitumen for waterproofing.

Application of concrete reinforced screed with subsequent leveling.

Doors and hatches

The door or hatch to the cellar must also be insulated, thermal insulation can be carried out as in the case of walls. An important point is the elimination of gaps: the fact is that this can lead to a violation of air circulation.

How to insulate a cellar?

The underground room is intended for storing fresh and processed fruits and vegetables throughout the year. If the cellar was poorly insulated from the inside, or the cellar was thermally insulated from the outside, then moisture accumulation and an unacceptable temperature regime are possible.

These factors can lead to crop damage, mold and rot on surfaces. It is necessary to think about how to insulate the cellar from the inside from freezing.

Due to poor-quality waterproofing, moisture can penetrate into the structure in the form of precipitation or melted, flood waters.

The solution to insulation problems can be additional and well-made thermal insulation. In order to decide how to properly insulate the cellar or how to insulate the ceiling of the cellar, you need to learn about all the existing methods of protection against heat loss, choose the right insulation and carry out all the work in the right sequence.

Wall insulation

The walls must be additionally covered with a heat-insulating layer to protect against heat loss. It is also important in order to prevent a short circuit, fire or breakdown of electrical equipment.

Insulation works provide the following benefits:

• Dry wall surfaces;
• Cable and wire insulation, especially if lighting is provided;
• Waterproofing of joints between walls and foundations;
• Impregnation of walls with solutions that serve as a barrier to microorganisms, mold, fungus;
• Warming of internal surfaces of the room.

Styrofoam thermal insulation is one of the inexpensive, but very reliable ways of warming underground rooms. The material itself has high thermal insulation characteristics, is easy to install and can be coated with any impregnation.

If high humidity is found in the room, then foam is needed with a density of 25 kg per cubic meter or more, since it is he who can serve as a reliable barrier against moisture.

You can use extruded polystyrene foam, which is more expensive, but has absolute impermeability to water and a long service life.

Experts note an unpleasant drawback of such material - its combustion. Because of this, when conducting wires through a heater, it is necessary to make separate cable channels.

It is important to seal all joints, seams and cracks with a solution of mounting foam or sealant. If there is a possibility of penetration ground water, should be treated with a penetrating mixture, noted by experts as one of the most effective in the fight against moisture.

Work sequence

When a cellar is being built, how to insulate the surface of the walls is decided even before the start of work. With the help of foam, thermal insulation will be quite simple and should be performed in the following order:

• A wooden frame of all surfaces of the walls of the room is made and fixed;
• The foam is laid as tightly as possible into the inner surfaces of the frame;
• The insulation is fastened with dowels, with the calculation of 5 pieces per sheet of material;
• Slots and joints are sealed with mounting foam and sealant;
• The mounting mesh is glued and the surface is plastered.

When insulating with foam plastic, it is extremely important to protect the front door by insulating it more carefully than the walls. This will provide a high-quality barrier against cold air from the street and better food safety.

Mineral wool and its analogues

Fiberglass, unlike polystyrene, is resistant to combustion and has low thermal conductivity. When using such material, it is important to make high-quality waterproofing, since it is very vulnerable to water and high humidity.

If water is allowed to enter the room, mineral wool will quickly absorb water and lose its heat-shielding characteristics.

The destruction of the heat-insulating layer can occur in 1 season of operation of the cellar, the insulation of which will have to be carried out again.

In this case, the plaster is over the insulation, and additional finishing bars can be used on the walls.

polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam insulation is one of the most reliable and durable way to insulate the surface of the walls. Moisture resistance and the absence of seams provide high-quality thermal insulation, which will maintain an acceptable level of humidity and room temperature.

The cost of the material is significantly higher than its counterparts, but it is environmentally friendly, so it will be the best way to insulate when storing fresh fruits and vegetables.

For insulation with polystyrene foam boards, you can choose a similar penoplex, which has quality characteristics foam and plastic. The mass turns out to be homogeneous, it is distinguished by increased heat-insulating characteristics and greater resistance to moisture. Foam insulation is carried out at the very initial stage of construction.

The material consists of many small closed cells, which give it rigidity and strength. Such a layer can withstand the load from the ground and the weight of the structure if it is laid on the floor. Penoplex is produced in sheets from 3 to 10 cm thick.

Ceilings with the help of foam are laid in blocks of not very high density, and more rigid structures are chosen for the floor and walls.

The storage floor, made of concrete slabs, is more likely than other surfaces to freeze. Before insulating the cellar in the garage, it is important to remember that even if it does not cool down due to frost on the street, the cool air of the underground room and the warm air of the garage from above can lead to condensation and high humidity.

It is possible to guarantee dry and warm air inside the storage by using substances that are resistant to moisture. They impregnate the entire surface of the ceiling, even if it is the insulation of the cellar in the garage.

Styrofoam is glued to dry concrete with additional fixation with dowels. As an alternative to such a mount, you can use slats into which insulation is laid.

At the end of the work, all seams are processed with mounting foam, the mounting mesh is laid. The insulation of the cellar ceiling ends with the processing of the finishing layer of plaster.

Cellar floors play one of the most important roles in the preservation of the crop - they provide an optimal microclimate for the cellar. When the cellar floor is insulated, its reliability and durability depend on the quality of the hydro and thermal insulation made, which can be arranged in several ways.

Expanded clay insulation assumes a leveled base, which is covered with sheets of roofing material. Tol or roofing material is used even for external thermal insulation, they are so strong and invulnerable to temperature extremes. Expanded clay is poured over such waterproofing with a layer of 25 cm. The entire structure is poured with a concrete screed reinforced with reinforced rods.

Sand and gravel

Insulation with a sand-gravel mixture also involves a prepared surface, on which 20 cm of gravel and 5 cm of sand are poured. The pillow is covered with roofing material or a film, which will provide high-quality hydro and vapor barrier, a reinforced belt is made and the concrete mixture is poured.

Cellar insulation with polystyrene foam on the floor requires a sand or gravel cushion, which is covered waterproofing materials. Styrofoam is placed on top of the roofing material for an insulated layer and a screed is poured.

Experts recommend making mandatory ventilation, which will ensure high-quality air exchange and reduce the formation of condensate on surfaces. If you properly insulate the cellar on the street, you can achieve a dry and reliable room in which the crop will be stored until next year in the right condition.

Cellar: how to insulate and choose the right insulation material

How are cellar walls insulated? Features of floor and ceiling insulation. How to properly insulate a basement?

How to insulate a cellar from freezing Proper thermal insulation inside and out

In the country, personal plot or in the courtyard of an honest house they arrange a separate facility for storing vegetables, conservation, winter preparations, twists and other things. The correct arrangement of the cellar involves insulation to create an optimal microclimate in the storage. The cellar and basement differ in a number of parameters, which means that the approach to warming them for the winter will differ in several ways.

What is the difference between a cellar and a cellar

Basement - a room under residential building. The key characteristic is the presence of indirect heating. In this case, during the heating period in the basement is much warmer than in the cellar. In addition, it contains communications. In this connection, the requirements for basement insulation are tougher. Among other things, the basement ceiling is a serious source of heat loss from the heated rooms on the ground floor.

Cellar - an object located separately or under summer kitchen, garage, outbuildings. The temperature in it is more stable throughout the year, which means that preservation, vegetables or wine are stored much better.

This is what leads to the fact that if there is free space on the site, the owners tend to build a cellar on the street. And already in the process of operation, the question invariably arises whether it is necessary to insulate the cellar. After all, from an excess of heat, vegetables will begin to wither and rot, and from a lack of heat, they will freeze.

Of course, it is better to carry out thermal insulation work during the construction of the cellar. But what about those who already have a cellar in the country. How to insulate the cellar from freezing without serious costs?

The choice of insulation method involves work in one of the following areas:

• cellar insulation from the outside;
• cellar insulation from the inside;
• combined insulation. The most efficient way, because is complex.

Types of cellars for a private house

When deciding how to insulate the cellar from the inside or outside, the type of cellar is taken into account first of all:

A separate room with a penetration into the soil up to 0.5 m. It can be free-standing or wall-mounted (one of the walls of the cellar is the wall of an outbuilding or garage). From the point of view of insulation, this is the simplest option, because. It is possible to insulate the walls and roof from the outside and from the inside.

Buried cellar (semi-underground)

The lower point of the building is located at a depth of no more than 1.5 m from the ground surface. In this case, in addition to warming, one should also think about neutralizing the action of groundwater and frost heaving of the soil.

Underground (bulk) cellar

Distinguishes the location of the floor at a level of 2-3 meters underground. With proper waterproofing, this is the most advantageous cellar in terms of operation, which perfectly keeps the positive temperature, approximately constant, throughout the year.

Despite the differences in construction, the design of the cellar is not diverse.

Standard cellar design:

• walls - with dense soil - earth, with movable - brick or stone;
• floor - absent, or rather it is unpaved;
• ceiling - reinforced concrete or wood.

Accordingly, the ceiling, walls, and floor are insulated. Those. all cellar surfaces through which heat loss is possible.

Cellar insulation materials

Despite the significant variety of thermal insulation materials, it should be taken into account that not every one of them is suitable. The material for cellar insulation must have properties such as the ability to maintain geometry, withstand the pressure of water and soil, have high insulating properties (table), and absolute hygroscopicity.

For these reasons, mineral wool or ecowool is of little use for thermal insulation.

If you arrange the materials in descending order, then the following sequence will appear:

• cellar insulation with foam. The most popular heater After all, in addition to thermal insulation characteristics, the foam is distinguished low price and ease of installation. Styrofoam does not rot, is not hygroscopic, biologically inert, has a low weight, does not require the use of vapor barrier films and the arrangement of the crate. Mounted both outside and inside the room;

• cellar insulation with sawdust or peat soil, which retain heat well and are unattractive to rodents;

• cellar insulation with polyurethane foam. PPU refers to sprayed heaters. Possessing all the properties of its predecessors, it is distinguished by incombustibility and the ability to fill the entire space (crevices, cracks). PPU creates a shell, which is the most reliable way to insulate the cellar both from the outside and from the inside. At the same time, the cost of polyurethane foam is high, and the application requires special equipment and the involvement of specialists;

• cellar insulation with polystyrene foam. Expanded polystyrene has all the characteristics of polystyrene. It is distinguished only by a higher price, which is due to the greater density of the material, the integrity of the sheet structure (the ability not to crumble during installation), the presence of a tongue-and-groove mounting system;

• cellar insulation with expanded clay. Expanded clay, like any other bulk material, is distinguished by a limited scope. As a rule, it is used for floor insulation. It can also be used for walls with external insulation of an underground (dug) cellar.

• cellar insulation with black soil. Used for outdoor insulation. In this case, the earth is poured onto the roof of the cellar. However, with the current level of technological development, there are many more effective ways insulation while maintaining the absolute ecological cleanliness of the site.

Insulation technology depending on the type of cellar

Approach to thermal insulation, taking into account the design of the structure.

Ground cellar insulation

With this design, the main emphasis is on the insulation of walls and roofs. So, it is best to do outdoor work and use foam or polystyrene foam. Insulation work is carried out on the street, according to the installation technology of these materials. The roof is insulated from the inside. For these works, soft or hard insulation can be used.

Underground cellar insulation

The walls of such a cellar are half located in the ground. Therefore, there is a risk of flooding. To level it, you need to release (dig out) the buried part outer wall from the ground, treat it with any waterproofing solution (mastic) or wrap it with roofing material. Then lay a rigid insulation or polyurethane foam, re-wrap it with roofing material (this will protect the sheet from deformation) and cover it with soil. To minimize the influence of water, it is better to equip the drainage system.

Insulation of a bulk cellar (underground)

It is carried out both outside and inside. Below are detailed recommendations and tips for the phased thermal insulation of a building for storing agricultural products in the country.

How to insulate the cellar with your own hands

Different insulation technologies in the form of step-by-step instructions.

External insulation of bulk cellar

The most time-consuming part of the work, the implementation involves the implementation of a number of actions:

• the soil surrounding the roof and walls of the cellar is removed.

Note. It is sometimes not possible to excavate the soil. For example, when the cellar is dug in the ground, and the resulting slopes are finished with bricks. Such walls can collapse. In this case, users are advised to remove the soil at a distance of 100-150 mm. from the wall, and then gradually remove the rest.

Additional protection against moisture will be provided by the arrangement of a crushed stone-sand cushion at a depth of 200-300 mm. from the base of the wall.

Some craftsmen advise tightening the insulation with a polymer mesh to ensure the integrity of the sheet. Roofing material will more successfully cope with this task. But often the distance between the wall and the soil is simply filled with expanded clay, soil with a high content of clay, or a mixture of soil, sawdust / straw and clay.

In the absence of ventilation in the cellar, it is advisable to take care of it at this stage.

Cellar interior insulation

From the inside, walls, ceiling, floor and doors are subject to thermal insulation. A few photos as an example of the finished result.

Insulation of the cellar wall from the inside

• walls are inspected for defects;

• the cellar is freed from the contents, shelves and drawers are temporarily dismantled;

• the detected defects are eliminated (the protrusions are knocked down, the cracks are foamed with foam or sealant); significant irregularities prevent the high-quality installation of foam;

  For this, dowels-umbrellas or glue are used. The foam fixing starts from the bottom row and moves up. In this case, in each subsequent row, an offset of half the sheet is performed;

  Note. To eliminate pockets of mold formation, it is advisable to treat the walls with a solution of lime and copper sulfate.

  Basement floor insulation

  There are several methods of insulation that have proven themselves in practice. Consider floor insulation with expanded clay as the best option in terms of price / quality ratio.

  Work order:

  • after the concrete, on which the beacons are set and fixed, has hardened, expanded clay gravel with a fraction of 5-20 mm is poured. At the same time, the thickness of the gravel layer depends on the load that will fall on the floor;
  • a vapor barrier film is laid on its surface with access to the wall. The height of the overlap is equal to the height of the backfill;
  • the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer (200-300 mm) and leveled;
  • beacons are installed on the film. The first one is at a distance of 300-400 mm from the wall. The rest at a distance equal to the length of the rule, which will be equal to the screed;
  • reinforced screed is poured. The thickness of the screed also depends on the load.

  Sand floor insulation in the cellar

  The method of thermal insulation using sand and gravel. This method can only be used for bulk floor.

  Work sequence:

  • if the insulation is not used, then the floor is poured with hot bitumen. It will perform the function of waterproofing;
  • the sand and gravel cushion is carefully rammed;
  • a layer of crushed stone is poured (100 mm.);
  • the floor is deepened to the depth of the future heat-insulating layer and leveled;
  • a layer of sand is poured on top (50 mm.);
  • hard heat-insulating material can be laid on the surface (for example, foam plastic, polystyrene foam boards);
  • the prepared floor is poured with reinforced concrete screed.

  

  Basement ceiling insulation

  In the case of a buried or ground cellar, the roof of the structure needs to be insulated. Roof insulation works involve the use of soft or hard insulation, which is installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

  As for the underground (dug, bulk) cellar, the ceiling of the room needs additional insulation.

  Work order:

  • plaster is applied.
  • a layer of rigid insulation is mounted;
  • concrete slab or wooden beams treated with a penetrating waterproofing primer. The composition fills the capillaries and prevents water seepage. Wood is additionally treated with an antiseptic;
  • heat-insulating material is closed with a mounting grid;
  • whitewashing with lime and copper sulphate is performed.

  Note. The ceiling in the cellar is the most vulnerable in terms of temperature regime place. Therefore, it is better to insulate it in two layers (100 mm).

  

  Insulation of the entrance group: doors or hatch to the cellar

  If the entrance to the cellar is located in the house or in the garage, there are no special requirements for its insulation.

  But if the entrance is located on the street, then it is necessary to insulate the manhole into the cellar.

  Work order:

  • Insulation of the door in the cellar was previously carried out using felt and other soft materials. However, now it is considered justified to use rigid insulation that is glued to the door. Then the insulation is closed with a sheet of plywood, plastic or natural wood. Be sure to eliminate the gaps at the junction of the door to the box. In this place, a door seal is installed;
  • the cellar hatch is insulated in a similar way. Only more attention is paid to the reliable fixation of the insulation on the surface of the cover. Otherwise, it may fall off.

  An important point that you should pay attention to when insulating a door or a hatch is to exclude the possibility of their arbitrary opening. Otherwise, all work on the thermal insulation of the cellar will be useless.

  Warming of the caisson for the cellar

  Insulation of a concrete or brick cellar is not difficult due to the optimality of their shapes and resistance to mechanical damage (brick, concrete walls can be drilled, fixing the dowel-umbrella or treated with hot mastic to ensure waterproofing).

  

  But with modern caissons for cellars, the situation is somewhat different, because. thermal insulation measures can damage the tightness of the tank.

  However, their insulation is also important, because the walls easily pass both heat and cold. Since the caisson is a one-piece structure, it does not need waterproofing. From the point of view of the material used, the caissons for the cellar can be (types):

• plastic (made of polymeric materials);
• reinforced concrete (made of concrete rings);
• metal (steel). It should be borne in mind that the materials have different indicator heat loss.

  In this case, the cellar-caisson can have the shape of a cube or a cylinder, which leaves an imprint on the choice of a heat insulator. To insulate the caisson for the cellar, you can use bulk, rigid and sprayed heaters. Consider how they are used in descending order of popularity:

  • hard insulation. They are used in cases where the caisson has the shape of a cube, square, rectangle with even walls. The insulation is glued to the surface of the caisson. The caisson is placed in the ground, the distance between it and the soil is filled up;
  • bulk insulation: soil, expanded clay, sand, peat soil. In this case, the caisson is placed in the ground, and the distance between its walls and the soil is filled up;
  • sprayed insulation - polyurethane foam. Provide the most effective thermal insulation. But the disadvantage of PPU insulation is the high price and the need to attract craftsmen with special equipment.

  The indicated types of heat-insulating materials are suitable for insulating a metal cellar, as well as for insulating a plastic cellar. A plastic cellar with insulation is presented on the construction market, which eliminates the need for do-it-yourself insulation work, it is enough to perform the installation correctly.

  An insulated cellar in a country house or in the courtyard of a private house is a guarantee that the preparations for the winter will be safe and sound, despite the cold or heat “overboard”.

  Insulation of the cellar from the inside and outside with your own hands how to insulate from freezing: photo-video

  
  How to insulate the cellar with your own hands. Materials and technology of insulation from the inside, outside. Thermal insulation of ground, underground, buried cellar. Insulation of walls, floor, ceiling and caisson for the cellar

When equipping the cellar, it must be remembered that its walls and other parts of the structure need careful insulation. For this, apply different technologies and materials, but the best is external insulation, floor waterproofing, followed by thermal protection from bulk materials.

First of all, to insulate the cellar, it is necessary to dig a trench along the perimeter of the cellar walls and level its base with rubble or sand.

Right? Many factors are taken into account here, including the level of humidity in the room and how exactly the cellar was built. For a stand-alone building, such work is more reminiscent of the insulation of an ordinary outbuilding. And for the cellar, located in the basement, much attention is paid to the internal insulation of the walls, while the external ones are simply reliably waterproofed from the influence of groundwater and soil.

Cellar insulation materials

To work on the thermal insulation of the outer walls of the cellar, various heat insulators are used:

• mineral wool is a traditional mineral-based material that has proven itself in construction. It is easy to install and light weight. But when laying, it is necessary to remember that reliable waterproofing is required, otherwise the mineral wool will simply get very wet and cease to perform its functions;
• expanded clay, sawdust and other bulk materials for insulating external walls are used less and less today, since this work is lengthy, requiring the construction of an additional brick or block wall. The material is poured into the cavity between this wall, excellent waterproofing is provided so that moisture cannot penetrate inside the structure;
• polystyrene foam boards are the leader in use. They are used as wall insulation for a variety of buildings, and not just cellars and cellars. This is due to the acceptable cost of the material, and its excellent properties, and extremely simple installation. In addition, polystyrene is not affected by water, that is, when laying external insulation, there is no need for a powerful layer of hydroprotection;
• ecowool consists of natural cellulose, is an excellent option for warming. But for its application to the walls, special equipment is required, that is, an operator must be invited.

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Insulation works

When building cellars, great attention must be paid to the foundation. It can be made of any type, but the foundation requires excellent insulation, since cold and moisture penetrate the room through it. Such work is closely related to the thermal insulation of the floors, it is required to additionally make a layer of hydroprotection.

To qualitatively insulate the cellar, it is necessary to pay attention to its floor. The sequence of work is as follows:

• first, a recess is made over the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe entire floor by about 30 cm, the base of this small pit must be leveled;
• a layer of rubble is poured at the bottom with a height of 10 cm;
• a sandy layer is poured onto the rubble, which is then carefully compacted;
• hot bitumen is poured over the resulting protection, it will become an excellent waterproofing for the cellar floor;
• after the bitumen has cooled and dried, a screed is made from a concrete mixture.

After that, the base must be covered with a layer of film. It is laid with an overlap on the walls. It will be an excellent preparation for warming, it is ideal for cellars and basements. After the film is laid, they are mounted on the floor wooden logs, between which a natural peat heat insulator is poured, charcoal, expanded clay, straw. Great fit and ecowool, which is different high quality and low price.

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Wall insulation

In the basement, walls are also insulated, not only external, but also internal. Various materials are used for this.

External walls must first be covered with a layer of waterproofing for maximum protection.

Quite often, foam plates are used for walls, which are lightweight, do not emit toxic substances when used, and are mounted quickly and easily. For external walls, this material is ideal, but for internal walls, traditional mineral wool can be used along with it.

The technology of thermal insulation in this case depends on what material was chosen. In the case of foam, the work is simpler, but it is not always suitable for interior walls. Laying mineral wool is necessarily accompanied by its protection from moisture. This can be done using special films.

If this stage is excluded, then the cotton wool will quickly get wet and cease to perform its functions, and this is simply unacceptable for the cellar. The laying of this heat insulator is carried out without fastening, the plates are tightly hammered between wooden racks, after which a layer of waterproofing film is laid on top, fastened with thin slats.

When choosing a heat insulator for the internal walls of the cellar, it must be taken into account that the temperature drops here are sharper than in other rooms, and the moisture level is higher. Therefore, it is necessary to take only those materials that are not afraid of water or that can be reliably protected from its harmful effects.

The "pie" of the wall is as follows:

• cellar wall;
• polystyrene foam boards, which are attached to a layer of a special adhesive solution;
• a layer of plaster mortar with a special reinforcing fiberglass mesh;
• the second layer of plaster;
• a layer of primer protective paint;
• facade exterior finish (usually the walls are painted or covered with a layer of plaster).

As a heater for external work, you can take any of the materials indicated, but it is the foam that is gaining ground more and more firmly. It is relatively inexpensive, its installation presents no difficulties. For fasteners, a special glue is enough, which is applied to the wall. Outside, the foam can be covered with a layer of plaster, which in itself is also an excellent insulation.

Cellar in the garage

A basement in the garage for storing food stocks is a very reasonable solution. But it can provoke high humidity, which will be a direct threat to the tools and the car. There are also back side, the garage room belongs to the category of industrial buildings, which can adversely affect the safety of products. To compensate for these two problems, high-quality thermal insulation is important. The conversation will focus on how to insulate the cellar in the garage.

Features of insulation of basements and cellars in the garage

In order for stocks to be stored for a long time and reliably, it is necessary to create for this right conditions. The main enemy of blanks is low temperature. If the root crops in the vegetable pit freeze, they will lose their nutritional and nutritional properties. Therefore, the main task is to ensure the temperature inside the cellar is not lower than + 1-5 degrees without the use of heating elements.

Another problem is high humidity. The basement must not only be properly insulated, but also supply and exhaust ventilation to ensure that the humidity levels are correct. Pipes cannot be led directly into the garage. Firstly, excess moisture will be removed into it, which is unacceptable for a car located there. Secondly, air intake from the garage is undesirable, as it may contain chemical fumes. At the ends of the pipes, plugs must be installed so that rodents do not penetrate through them into the cellar.

Basement garage ventilation scheme

In addressing these issues, the following factors must also be taken into account:

• the thickness and material from which the walls, floor and ceiling in the cellar are made;
• features of the local climate (in particular, the type and depth of soil freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater);
• the depth and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe basement (for example, a spacious cellar is more difficult to heat).

The main thing to consider when insulating a garage basement is the increased fire hazard of the room. When choosing an insulating material, first of all, it is necessary to pay attention to its combustibility.

Preparatory work (selection of materials, tools)

Before starting work, you need to decide how best to insulate the cellar in the garage from freezing. Eat a lot good materials, but not everyone is suitable for rooms with low temperature, high humidity and ideal conditions for mold growth.

It should be noted right away that fibreboard and wooden boards are not categorically suitable, even if bacteriological impregnation is applied to them.

What can be used from traditional insulating materials:

1. Styrofoam. A fairly popular type of insulation that can withstand various temperatures and with a long service life. But it has its drawbacks - the material is too combustible and is loved by rodents.
2. Styrofoam. Durable, able to withstand not only low temperatures, but also the impact chemical substances, has low vapor permeability.

Styrofoam

1. Mineral wool. The material is of high quality, with an affordable cost and good thermal insulation, it consists of many layers, which allows the walls to breathe. But it easily absorbs moisture and requires additional vapor barrier to eliminate the possibility of condensation.
2. Glass wool. An economical option, but rarely used. Firstly, it is inconvenient to work with glass wool, you can injure your skin and eyes. Secondly, due to the accumulation of moisture, the material deteriorates and loses its properties; waterproofing or foil finishing will be required.
3. Reflective insulation. Modern multi-layer option - polished foil or foamed polyurethane. Due to the fact that the material is thin, space is saved.

When choosing how to insulate the cellar in the garage, it is still better to give preference to roll or sheet materials. Installation is simple, you will not need to involve specialists, all you need is a perforator drill, dowels, umbrellas, a level, a hammer.

Dowel-umbrellas

How to perform insulation yourself

When using roll or sheet materials first, a crate is made of metal or wooden profiles.

Walls

When starting the installation of the crate, it is correct to first waterproof the walls with roofing material or an ordinary dense film, the joints of which are easily fastened with adhesive tape. In rooms with high humidity, it is better to use special waterproofing materials.

Main nuances:

• A wooden crate is cheaper; any improvised pieces of wood or remnants of building material are suitable for it. But you will definitely need to apply a special antibacterial impregnation, which will not only save the tree from damage, but also make it less flammable.
• In accordance with the dimensions of the cells of the mounted crate, the insulation material is cut and tightly laid.
• Between the insulation and the lining sheet, you need to leave space for ventilation of the room, this helps to increase the service life of the entire structure.
• In places where racks and shelves will be installed according to the plan, it is necessary to strengthen the frame ( wooden beam you need to take a larger section).
• The easiest way is to make a crate according to a pre-marked pattern.

Lathing installation

If the basement is small, you can do without the crate. The algorithm for performing work in this case is as follows:

1. Sheets are carefully joined together.
2. Seal the seams with a suitable adhesive. Can be used for bonding mounting foam(when its remains are completely hardened, they are cut off).
3. Fix the material to the walls with dowels.

Ceiling

The ceiling of the cellar has direct contact with the floor of the garage, which causes a significant difference in temperature (condensate will collect on the ceiling). To prevent this from happening, he also needs insulation, which is performed similarly to wall surfaces.

You can insulate the ceiling with polystyrene foam, simply putting it on glue, and then reinforcing it with a mesh or fixing it with a finishing layer.

Luke

Due attention should be paid to the door through which the entrance to the cellar is carried out. Whether it is necessary to insulate it like walls and ceilings, the owner himself decides. Sometimes it is enough just to fit it well, leave no gaps and sheathe it with a rubber seal.

Floor

One of the priorities is the insulation of the foundation and the floor in the cellar. In this case, waterproofing is indispensable; in the spring, when the snow melts, it will save the basement from rising groundwater.

Underfloor heating in basement garage

The most common option for insulating the foundation and floor is concrete. Under it is a sand cushion and rubble. Be sure to carefully compact all layers. Upper layer perform by pouring bitumen or mounting a concrete screed on a reinforced mesh.

When the concrete-filled floor hardens, you can leave it in this form. As an option, flooring from decorative materials or an additional crate of wooden beams.

A simpler and not too expensive option for floor insulation is an expanded clay layer. It is poured with a thickness of at least 10 cm. To protect the floor from subsidence, you will need two types of expanded clay with different fractions.

Before insulating the basement in the garage, it is necessary to carefully level the surfaces of the walls, floor and ceiling. Some people neglect this process and make a big mistake. After all, most coatings are applied to a hard, even surface using anchors or adhesive mixtures.

Leveling walls with plaster

For leveling, plastering is most often used, with which:

• the durability of the installation is ensured;
• all inaccuracies in the structure are eliminated;
• surfaces acquire the necessary hardness.

Another common mistake is poorly thought out wiring. Be sure to lay a cable or wire before plastering for further installation of switching devices and fixtures. open way gaskets, albeit in corrugated plastic or metal pipes, still undesirable due to the fact that the room has high humidity.

Important advice! A dark and damp basement is great for the reproduction of various kinds of fungi. Before you insulate the walls and ceiling in the cellar of the garage, they need to be primed.

Now there are many for sale for this various materials with antibiological additives that inhibit the development of mold and bacteria. In addition, primers contribute to the non-flowability of the plaster and its long-term preservation.

If the basement has just begun to be built, then the insulation is performed from the inside and outside. This process is complex and costly in terms of time and effort, but necessary. The cellar is dug around the perimeter and a layer of roofing material or bitumen-based material is laid.

Final works

On final stage perform wall decoration. In the cellar, it does not carry any decorative value. The main task is to provide the necessary microclimate for the safety of food stocks.

The final lining of the cellar clapboard

If the room is dry, then you can sheathe the walls with plywood or wood. In this case, it is necessary to treat the sheathing material with an antifungal agent. For a basement with high humidity, lining is more suitable.

Wall insulation is not always required in the garage cellar. It happens that it is enough to insulate only the floor. In this case, ordinary whitewashing with lime or painting is used as a finish for wall surfaces.