Why is the basement a cold place in the house. Why the basement is the coldest place in the house at any time of the year. Qualitative characteristics of the basement

Sometimes we wonder why the basement is the coldest place in the house or how to make it so. And if there is no basement in a private cottage? What else can serve as a special multifunctional room designed to store winter spins, household utensils, sports equipment, and communications? What is the difference between a cellar and a basement? The advantages and disadvantages of each of them are briefly described in this article.

Cellar or cellar?

Answering the question, it is important to understand the goal setting, the purpose of a particular room. The basement is an underground non-residential part building. Often it is adapted for a workshop, utility room, garage and other useful free-plan area. It is characterized by durability, full height of a person, lack of natural sunlight, constancy of average daily and average annual temperature conditions. When arranging it to a depth of 2 meters and below, the average annual temperature fork fluctuates between +5 - + 10ºС both in the heat and in severe frosts, even when no one lives in the house and it is not heated. That's why the basement is the coldest place. Usually it is arranged under the kitchen, but it can run along the perimeter of the entire residential building.

The cellar serves exclusively as a storage place for blanks. This is a kind of roomy refrigerator, equipped with shelves and partitions. It can be arranged at the house, in the same basement, or stand apart on suburban area, more often on dry slopes, hills to minimize contact with groundwater. It is compact compared to its “brother”, you can only look into some designs to get a can of blanks from the shelf. Its size will depend on the needs of the owner and the estimated volume of blanks. Financially less costly.

The average student studying the basics of physics will be able to answer this question right off the bat: cold air is heavy, dense, it sinks down. This is the so-called natural convection. And the heat generated from heating the roof sunbeams, does not reach the lowest room. But this is far from the only possible variant response.

Qualitative characteristics of the basement

The basement requires significant investments in construction and decoration (about a quarter of estimated cost the whole house). Why? The basement is the coldest place in the house. For this statement to be true, a high-quality construction of a structure is required, which requires determining the structure of the soil, the implementation of land (for the preparation of a volumetric pit), drainage (for the removal of surface and ground water), concrete work. It is also necessary to do clay castle dense tamping, waterproofing sand and gravel pad, treat walls, floors (for example, with bituminous emulsions). After all, the main enemies for such a room are water, dampness, mustiness, stuffy air. Hence, the main parameters that can extend the life of the premises are important: the resistance of the walls to the pressure of earth rocks, destructive impact, high waterproofing and ventilation properties.

Thermal insulation - the basis of the foundations for the basement

Why is the basement the coldest place in the house? The answer to the question is good thermal insulation, which protects floors, doors, hatches, walls around the perimeter of the room from freezing.

The use of ultra-modern insulating materials (polystyrene foam, fibrous wadding insulation), as a rule, on the outside of the building, will avoid the formation of condensate, fungus and mold, and will also save 15-20% of thermal energy that will not leave the house, spent on heating unheated premises.

Cellar or cellar?

Answering the question, it is important to understand the goal setting, the purpose of a particular room. The basement is an underground non-residential part of the building. Often it is adapted for a workshop, utility room, garage and other useful free-plan area. It is characterized by durability, height to the full height of a person, lack of natural sunlight, constancy of average daily and average annual temperature regimes. When arranging it to a depth of 2 meters and below, the average annual temperature fork fluctuates between +5 - + 10ºС both in the heat and in severe frosts, even when no one lives in the house and it is not heated. That's why the basement is the coldest place. Usually it is arranged under the kitchen, but it can run along the perimeter of the entire residential building.

The cellar serves exclusively as a storage place for blanks. This is a kind of roomy refrigerator, equipped with shelves and partitions. It can be equipped at the house, in the same basement, or stand apart in a summer cottage, more often on dry slopes, hills to minimize contact with groundwater. It is compact compared to its “brother”, you can only look into some designs to get a can of blanks from the shelf. Its size will depend on the needs of the owner and the estimated volume of blanks. Financially less costly.

The average student studying the basics of physics will be able to answer this question right off the bat: cold air is heavy, dense, it sinks down. This is the so-called natural convection. And the heat generated from the heating of the roof by the sun's rays does not reach the lowest room. But this is far from the only possible answer.

Qualitative characteristics of the basement

The basement requires significant investments in construction and decoration (about a quarter of the estimated cost of the entire house). Why? The basement is the coldest place in the house. For this statement to be true, a high-quality construction of the structure is necessary, which requires determining the structure of the soil, the implementation of land (for the preparation of a volumetric pit), drainage (for the removal of surface and ground water), and concrete work. It is also necessary to make a clay castle with a dense rammer, a waterproofing sand and gravel pad, process walls, floors (for example, with bituminous emulsions). After all, the main enemies for such a room are water, dampness, mustiness, stuffy air. Hence, the main parameters that can extend the service life of the premises are important: the resistance of walls to the pressure of earth rocks, destructive effects, high waterproofing and ventilation properties.

Thermal insulation - the basis of the foundations for the basement

Why is the basement the coldest place in the house? The answer to the question is good thermal insulation, which protects floors, doors, hatches, walls around the perimeter of the room from freezing.

The use of ultra-modern (polystyrene foam, fibrous wadding insulation), as a rule, from the outside of the building, will avoid the formation of condensate, fungus and mold, and will also save 15-20% of thermal energy that will not leave the house, spent on heating an unheated room .

Have you ever wondered why the basement is the coldest place in the house, and how to ensure the optimal temperature level in this room?

The basement in a private house is used for personal purposes. Since it is cold in this part of the house, in 90% of cases food is stored on the basement floor: fruits, vegetables and canned goods. Sometimes a workshop, a gym, a sauna are equipped in the room.

Regardless of the purpose of using the basement, it is required to ensure smooth air circulation. This can be achieved through the implementation of ventilation systems or the organization of natural air exchange. You can cope with the task yourself or with the help of a master. The volume and complexity of the work will depend on the complexity of the basement ventilation design in the house and the size of the room.

With properly arranged natural ventilation, coolness will remain inside the basement, regardless of the time of year. But if installation work for the arrangement of the ventilation system were carried out in violation of technical recommendations, it will be necessary to provide artificial or forced ventilation. Carrying out such a communication system is not complete without special devices that are not cheap. For example, an air conditioner.

Why is basement ventilation such an important issue?

The lack of constant air circulation in the room does not contribute to the elimination of excess moisture, which subsequently, settling on the walls, contributes to the formation of fungus and mold. To prevent this from happening cottage with a basement provide a well-designed ventilation or air conditioning system.

Design features of a natural duct

Harmonious work ventilation system in the basement is possible with the correct placement of the lower part of the exhaust pipe. It is located under the basement ceiling.

If the basement is planned for food storage, then the pipe is placed above the rack or shelf where fruits and vegetables are stored.

The upper part of the exhaust pipe is led out through the constructed ceilings. Its end is brought out at a distance of 30 to 60 cm from the roof, which minimizes the ingress of snow and melt water from the roof into the basement.

Understanding the question of why the basement is the coldest place in the house, keep in mind that condensation forms inside the pipes, and so that moisture does not get inside the basement, a special reservoir is installed in the cellar to collect water.

Any pipes for arranging ventilation in the basement are used. These are PVC or asbestos-cement products, which are distinguished by efficiency, thermal conductivity, and durability. That's why the basement is the coldest place in the house.

Why is the basement cold?

Cold air is denser and heavier than warm air, so it descends to the lower level of the house - to the basement. Accumulating here, the cooled air forms a microclimate, explaining the reason why the basement is the coldest place in the house. Passing the path from the top floor to the basement, air masses gradually cool, and warm air rises. Thus, natural convection is formed - heat exchange between air masses of different temperatures.

Now you know the reason why the basement is the coolest and what contributes to it. The considered example of natural ventilation is easy to implement, therefore it is easy to cope with such a task on your own. But due to the need, special air exchange and air conditioning systems are installed in the basement, and it is better to contact the master with such a question.

Try to control the arrangement of ventilation in the basement. If you are planning to build a house, then pay special attention to this activity. It is advisable to develop a separate project in order to prevent problems during the further operation of the premises.