Roof waterproofing materials. Roof waterproofing materials Video: do-it-yourself garage roof

From the outside it seems that roofing material reliably protects the surface of the roof from the penetration of moisture into the structure and additional protection is not needed. However, experienced craftsmen know how often a small mechanical damage on the finish coat causes a large leak, leading to dampness of the insulation and the truss frame. Roof waterproofing serves as an insurance that allows you to keep melt or rain moisture until the roof is repaired. In this article, we will talk about the functions of waterproofing materials, their quality requirements, and also compare their performance characteristics.

Waterproofing refers to materials that have a pronounced water resistance, they are usually made from stable polymers. Waterproofing is used in many areas of construction, including for the construction of roofs. As part of roofing cake waterproofing components perform the following functions:

1. Protection against moisture ingress into the rafter frame as a result of mechanical damage to the finish coating.
2. Prevention of wetting of the insulation. The thermal insulation material gets wet upon contact with water, due to which more than half of its properties are lost, and thermal conductivity increases.
3. Protection wooden frame roofs from contact with water. Protected by waterproofing truss frame does not rot, so it lasts longer.
4. Structure protection against internal condensate. As a result of convection, warm, moist air rises, causing internal parts roof structure, condensate settles, from which only reliable waterproofing can protect.

Experienced roofers claim that when waterproofing material is used as part of a roofing cake, it “works” better, and roofing and frame last longer. Simply put, waterproofing is a must for most modern roof finishes.

quality requirements

The roof is constantly affected by many adverse factors that have a devastating effect on the materials used for its construction. sunlight, high, low temperatures and their differences, mechanical damage - this is an incomplete list of tests that roof waterproofing is subjected to hourly. Therefore, it must meet the following requirements:

• Waterproof. The waterproofing coating must withstand a liquid pressure of 10 MPa for at least 10 minutes.
• Breaking strength. The roof is often exposed to strong gusts of wind, point impacts, so the waterproofing material must have high strength properties.
• Elasticity. The elasticity of the waterproofing helps to better cope with water pressure and maintain the integrity of the layer.
• A light weight. The waterproofing material should not weigh down the roofing pie, so such quality as light weight is valued in the choice of waterproofing.
• Long service life. Modern roof coverings serve at least 15-20 years, so waterproofing materials must have at least a service life.

Note! Air permeability is not a mandatory quality of waterproofing materials. But most modern roofing ( shingles, membrane roofing, metal tiles) requires the installation of an airtight waterproofing that does not cause a "greenhouse effect" and increased condensation.

Kinds

Roof waterproofing is a sought-after segment of the construction market, represented by a wide range of coatings that differ in price, service life and technical characteristics. Almost all waterproofing materials belong to the class of polymers with excellent strength properties. There are the following types of roofing waterproofing:

Important! Many masters argue which waterproofing is better and more effective for protecting the roof from moisture. There can be no unequivocal answer to this question, because the choice of a suitable waterproofing material is carried out taking into account the roof structure, the type of roofing material and the financial capabilities of the developer.

Scope of use

It is believed that the smaller the slope of the structure, the more reliable and complete waterproofing of the roof is necessary, since snow and melt water linger on the surface of the slopes, leading to leaks. If the angle of inclination of the slopes is more than 35 degrees, then in order to save money, only the most vulnerable places can be protected with additional waterproofing material:

1. Valleys and grooves.
2. Places of adjunction of roofing to vertical surfaces.
3. Frontal and cornice strip when installing a drainage system.
4. Conclusion through the roof surface of the chimney and ventilation pipes.

Please note that the lining waterproofing of the entire slope area is much better, more effective than spot waterproofing, since it is laid with an overlap, that is, the joints between the strips are protected from water penetration.

Video instruction

The roof of the house protects it from the negative effects of any atmospheric precipitation and tightness is one of its functional purposes. Roof waterproofing prevents moisture from reaching the insulation and structural elements and preventing their destruction.

Not so long ago, roofing material was practically the only waterproofing material, but now there are a lot of waterproofing options: pasting, coating, painting, penetrating, fusing, spraying and modern films with membranes.

In this variety, you need to choose the most effective waterproofing for each specific case.

Gluing waterproofing

Glue waterproofing is traditional method used for many decades with the use of roofing material. Its advantages are the low price of the material and the ease of installation.

For the device of pasting waterproofing, it is required to prepare the base well: it must be dry and even so as not to damage the roofing material. The surface is primed with bitumen and a waterproofing layer is applied to it.

At present, roofing felt has been replaced by more modern analogues with the best technical specifications, among which: glassine, stekloizol, brizol, glass roofing material, vinyl plastic, isoelast, isoflex, mostoplast and ordinary polyethylene.

When choosing waterproofing for a roof, you need to familiarize yourself with the properties different materials and their technical specifications. Here a brief description of just some of them.

materials

Glassine is a roll material, which is obtained by impregnating special roofing paper with bitumen. It is inexpensive, but it does not last very long, so it is not economically profitable to use it for waterproofing the roof of a new house, but for budget repair it fits perfectly.

Stekloizol is also an inexpensive roll material with a service life of up to 10 years. It is based on a simple fiberglass or fiberglass or fiberglass with a bitumen-polymer layer, on top of the glass isol sprinkled with granite chips.

Brizol is also sold in rolls; it is often used in industrial construction. In its production are involved: rubber, petroleum bitumen, and plasticizers and asbestos as additives. By their own technical parameters it is very similar to isol (also a waterproofing material), but it is more expensive and has higher performance characteristics.

Stekloruberoid - produced by the method of double-sided application of a bitumen-rubber or bitumen-polymer binder composition to fiberglass, and on the one hand it is sprinkled with fine-grained, scaly or coarse-grained dressing. Glass roofing material has good physical and mechanical properties and durability up to 30 years. This is roll material.

Viniplast (unplasticized polyvinyl chloride) is a very high quality synthetic sheet material. It is lightweight, durable, flame retardant, easy to process, used in a wide temperature range, durable (service life up to 50 years).

Isoelast is a rolled material obtained by double-sided application of a bitumen-polymer composition on a polyester base. It happens with coarse or fine-grained dressing (one-sided or two-sided) or it has a plastic film on one or both sides. It is operated up to 30 years and is used in any climatic zones.

Isoflex - is actively used not only for roof waterproofing, but also for soundproofing. This is a dense foamed polyethylene, there are varieties with an additional metallized coating.

Mostoplast is a bitumen-polymer rolled material with unique properties. It is designed for waterproofing at very complex facilities, including underground ones (garages, swimming pools, galleries…). The material is waterproof, strong and durable - up to 25 years.

Coating waterproofing

The name is associated with technology - the surface is coated with a special composition. Bituminous mastic, made on the basis of pure bitumen, is the most affordable tool.

Bitumen, applied in layers, and having a thickness of even several centimeters, retains its properties for no more than 5-7 years, and then, having lost elasticity, it begins to crumble and loses its tightness.

When arranging bituminous roof waterproofing, remember that it is susceptible to attack. low temperatures- the surface is covered with microcracks, which become more noticeable every year and eventually pieces of insulation begin to fall off.

Polymer coating waterproofing has increased elasticity, resistance to aggressive environments and a long service life. But the consumption of this tool is greater than that of the bituminous counterpart.

Bitumen-polymer compounds include bitumen, synthetic rubber and plasticizers that improve the elasticity of waterproofing. They are easy to use and do their job well.

Coating waterproofing is considered not only bitumen and polymer mastics, but also silicone and polyurethane.

Hot or cold

Coating waterproofing according to the application technology can be hot or cold. The hot method involves heating the composition and then applying it to the surface. Prepared mastic should be used immediately.

The cold method does not require heating, and waterproofing can be applied even intermittently - its properties do not change.

Coated roof waterproofing is usually used on flat roofs or on roofs with a minimal slope.

Paint waterproofing

This waterproofing is applied with a simple roller or spray gun to the surface that needs to be isolated from moisture. Usually make from two to four layers, observing the necessary intervals for solidification of each previous layer. The thickness of the paint waterproofing is 3-6 mm. To give increased strength to the surface, fine sand is scattered over it.

Painting waterproofing is presented on the construction market with special emulsions, enamels, paints and varnishes.

The service life of this waterproofing is small (within five years), but it is inexpensive, so it is also in demand.

Penetrating waterproofing

Penetrating waterproofing can be called a new generation material. It not only covers the surface, preventing moisture from entering, but also penetrates into it by about 20 cm, strengthening the structure and filling even the smallest cracks.

Liquid glass, polymers or synthetic resins are used as penetrating waterproofing.

This waterproofing is particularly effective when applied to porous surfaces and is mainly used on flat roofs.

The strength of concrete after treatment with such a composition increases by twenty percent. Using deep penetration compounds, you can extend the life of waterproofing protection to 70 years or more, because it is very stable and does not respond even to low temperatures.

Fused waterproofing

Fused roof waterproofing is a rolled material made on the basis of fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester impregnated with bitumen or polymer (binder composition). The thicker the material, the more durable it is (its service life is from 10 to 25 years).

The built-up waterproofing is fixed to the base by melting its lower layer under the action of a gas burner. The bitumen is melted, the roll is rolled back, treated with fire again and rolled back again, and so on, until the roll is over. The hardened binder securely fastens the waterproofing material to the roof surface.

Two-layer built-up waterproofing is resistant to mechanical damage, easy to install and has a low price. It is widely used at industrial and civil construction sites, on operated and non-operated roofs with a slope of no more than twelve degrees.

Sprayable waterproofing

Sprayable waterproofing is best for flat roof having ledges, parapets. It, with a layer of the same thickness, covers not only a flat surface, but also a complex relief, leaving no seams or unprotected areas, creating an integral hermetic protection.

The most popular material that is sprayed on the roof is liquid rubber. It is applied using very expensive equipment (electric or gasoline) by airless spraying.

Proper spraying equipment and quality liquid rubber are required to create reliable insulation. All this can only be provided by large specialized companies that train their specialists to work with new materials and the most modern equipment.

No room for error

Roof waterproofing is a very important stage in the construction of a building with any roof structure, but when installing a flat roof, there is no right to make even a minor mistake, because unlike pitched roofs that have a finish coating, a flat roof is protected from precipitation and other influences environment just a layer of waterproofing.

To extend the life of a flat roof, it is sometimes covered with a special topping. On operated roofs, a concrete screed is made and tiles are laid. The main thing is that during the installation of the screed, the waterproofing should not be damaged.

Modern membranes

There are waterproofing materials that are mainly used on flat roofs, and there are those that are equally effective on both flat and pitched roofs are membranes. They are quickly mounted and do not require the use of expensive specialized equipment.

The easiest way to attach them to pitched roofs ah - mechanical. They are laid out on the crate, starting from the bottom of the roof, so that at the joints an overlap of about 20 cm is obtained. The material is fixed on the crate with a construction stapler. A counter-lattice is stuffed onto the laid waterproofing and roofing material is laid.

But do not confuse the vapor barrier film with waterproofing membrane- they have different purpose. The film is designed to protect the insulation in the roofing cake from wet vapors, preventing their penetration from the living quarters. Waterproofing not only protects against wind and moisture, but also due to the fact that it has a porous structure, it allows the moisture that somehow got into the roofing cake to evaporate.

The membranes are polymeric insulating materials. Waterproofing for roofing using membranes has proven itself well. The efficiency of the membranes is better, and the service life is longer, so they are in demand in the construction market.

Their types

Membranes may differ in width or length, in thickness and in color, in structure. They are elastic, but durable, used on roofs with different angle tilt. There are three main types of membranes: EPDM, PVC, TPO.

EPDM (EPDM) - ethylene propylene rubber - are made from synthetic rubber and reinforced with a polymer mesh for strength. They have been produced for more than 50 years and still these materials are in demand due to their strength, good adhesion and durability.

PVC membranes are made of polyvinyl chloride with the addition of plasticizers for flexibility and have a reinforcing mesh for strength. Manufacturing companies are constantly improving their products, introducing new ingredients into its composition, so that it fully meets the needs of customers.

TPO membranes are one of the most modern, among those that have relatively recently appeared on the domestic market. They were developed in the 1990s in America. The membranes are made of artificial rubber and polypropylene and combine the properties of both plastic and rubber.

Today it is perhaps one of the most hermetic waterproofing materials. It has a long service life, but the price is not the cheapest. It is ideal for those homeowners who want to install and forget about roofing without having to deal with annual maintenance and repair work.

Both for tiles and ondulin

Roof waterproofing must be reliable. And this quality directly depends on the correctly selected system for a specific roofing. For example, a metal tile (folded roof, metal slate) has a high thermal conductivity and when the weather changes with a sharp temperature drop, condensation appears on the metal, so it is best to use membranes with an anti-condensate layer - fibrous and hygroscopic.

Ceramic or cement tiles, slate cannot create an airtight protection for the house, therefore, it is imperative to waterproof the under-roof space. In this case, materials with good tightness will be appropriate.

Ondulin itself is quite tight, and some manufacturers even indicate in their installation instructions that waterproofing may not be used, but still it is better not to neglect additional protection against precipitation, especially if attic floor insulated.

Contact the professionals!

There are many things to consider when choosing a waterproofing system. important nuances known only to professionals. Therefore, if you want to repair the roof of your house, or at the stage of building a new home, you have approached the arrangement of the roof and under-roof space and do not know how to do it correctly, then call us, write an e-mail or leave a message on the site.

Moskoplekt LLC specialists will answer your questions, give recommendations and help with the choice of materials. We have been engaged in roof waterproofing for many years and have accumulated a lot of practical experience, which allows us to solve the most challenging tasks quickly and with high quality executed works.

Prices for waterproofing works

A typical picture of the past from books: autumn, rain, dripping from the roof ... Strange situation, isn't it? But how could it be otherwise, if the roofs, until relatively recently, were waterproofed exclusively with parchment and short-lived roofing felt. If at all they used anything but raw wood. But today, materials for roof waterproofing are so different and in such a large number of types that it is difficult to understand them.

Should I buy a rolled membrane for my own bathhouse under construction, or is it better to put an ordinary film, or is it even better to do something new and unusual? But with this we will now help you figure it out: what and for what roofs is being produced today.

Today, in Russia, waterproofing of roofs in private housing construction is carried out more with waterproofing films or membranes, and in industrial construction - with rolled materials or liquid substances. But strict rules not here, and each of the methods has its pros and cons, which we will now consider.

Why are waterproofing materials needed?

So, is it worth saying that none of the dense roofing can 100% protect the space under the roof from moisture? And it's all about the joints that any material has. And also fit to the walls, the output of pipes and much more. Take the same self-tapping screws and a mount similar to them, which is quite rarely mounted completely tightly and in accordance with all the rules.

Now let's look at the problem with reverse side. In every residential building there is water vapor that comes from the breath of people, a hot iron, a pot of food. And all this, according to the laws of physics, of course, rises. As a result, whether there is a heater in the roofing pie or not, the steam still gets to the very roofing cladding. You can only save yourself from this with a good vapor barrier, but when installing the so-called cold roof, on the contrary, they do not put it. And all this, plus the natural humidity of the air above the insulation from the side of the street, will surely settle in the form of condensate.

Those. in addition to moisture that enters from the outside, condensate also penetrates into the under-roof space. This is a physical phenomenon that we have known since school: if temperature regime in a closed under-roof space and outside it differs significantly, then the moisture in the air settles in the form of drops. Scientifically, this process is called the formation of a "dew point". And only competent waterproofing and ventilation system, which will help water vapor particles evaporate before condensation forms.

In a word, there is a way for moisture to get into the under-roof space. And our task is not to let it go beyond waterproofing, so that the roof itself will serve us faithfully for as long as possible.

The choice of waterproofing material for the roof depends on the following parameters:

1. economy
2. Practicality
3. maintainability
4. Safety
5. Environmental friendliness
6. Toxicity
7. The complexity of the work

The ideal option is when you install both waterproofing, insulation, and vapor barrier from one manufacturer.

Flat roof waterproofing

Separately, we note the methods of waterproofing roofs, which are almost flat - the angle of inclination does not exceed 5%. These are standard roofs. apartment buildings and private outbuildings. Waterproofing of such surfaces is usually carried out with the help of bulk, coating, sprayed and built-up materials.

Fused waterproofing

The built-up waterproofing is overlapped, and then melted with the help of burners. A fairly cheap way to completely protect a roof, but working with complex seam sealing and open flames is not the most pleasant.

Until recently, roofing material and glassine were used as under-roofing insulation, the functionality and durability of which are in doubt. But flammability - without a doubt. But today rolled roofing materials are used in two types: polymeric and bituminous. Polymeric ones are distinguished by a lower price of coating and relative lightness.

Rolled waterproofing materials can be used on flat roofs, or roofs with a slight slope. And a new modification of roofing material - euroroofing material is actively gaining its popularity. This material is made from bitumen, polymer materials and synthetic rubbers. For comparison: in an ordinary roofing material, the basis is cardboard, but in euroroofing material - already synthetic fabrics, which is much stronger, you see. And in order to make the euroroofing material more durable, it is additionally applied with a multi-colored dressing of mineral chips.

Sprayable waterproofing

Coating, pouring and sprayed waterproofing materials create an integral inseparable membrane on the roof, with excellent qualities and practicality. But for such waterproofing, special equipment is required.

Powder insulation is also popular - these are mixtures based on synthetic resins, cement, plasticizers and hardeners. Such mixtures are sold dry, and you need to knead them already on the job site.

More modern liquid waterproofing - water repellents. These are mixtures based on silicic acids, silicones and organic solvents. The main task of such waterproofing is to soak into the concrete surface and thus provide complete protection against leaks. Such material completely repels water, but at the same time - you will be surprised! - still breathing. The only disadvantage of such waterproofing is that after a couple of years upper layer washes its important elements and is already beginning to be “afraid” of water. That is why such waterproofing is now more actively used for vertical surfaces complex roofs.

Coating waterproofing

Modern bituminous waterproofing of flat roofs is no less popular than more innovative solutions. Significant advantages play a role here: reliability, plasticity, strength, softness and absolute resistance to temperature extremes and any precipitation. Bitumen-polymer and bituminous materials for waterproofing roofs are good primarily because they create a multi-layer structure with a strong synthetic base - fiberglass or polyester fabric.

Basically, bituminous materials are divided into two main types:

• SBS-modified materials with Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene. This waterproofing remarkably tolerates the change of seasons and low temperatures.
• APP modified materials with APP polymers. This waterproofing has high heat resistance.

For snowy Russia, of course, the first option is more preferable.

Special mastics are made from bitumen for waterproofing roofs - plastic waterproofing materials. To do this, liquid bitumen is simply mixed with polymers and mineral fillers. This is bitumen-rubber mastic, and bitumen-polymer, and primer, and bitumen-emulsion. And these mastics are cold and hot. We recommend that you work with the first type, because. hot materials require specialists. Not to mention the restrictions. For example, bitumen-based waterproofing materials cannot be used under metal tiles.

Mounted waterproofing

Sometimes, in special cases, and on a flat roof, you have to try on ordinary film waterproofing:

Waterproofing pitched roofs

When choosing a waterproofing material for the roof of your house, pay attention to how much it “breathes”. Yes, waterproofing should not let water into the under-roof space, but should air? But some modern mastics and primers can completely block the flow of oxygen and disrupt the natural air circulation in your home.

And all these modern waterproofing materials differ from each other in frost resistance, strength, water resistance and durability.

• According to their physical state, all waterproofing materials are usually divided into roll, powder, film, mastic and membrane.
• According to the method of application: on pasting, cast, plaster, painting, injection, mounted, penetrating, impregnating and filling.

Roll waterproofing

Rolled non-woven waterproofing materials are most suitable for moisture protection of roofs of private buildings.

Unlike roofing material and glassine, the service life of which does not exceed 5 years, modern roofing hydromaterials serve from 30 to 100 years.

Fused waterproofing

This is a modern rolled membrane, which is attached to the slopes with the help of "hot spots".

Film waterproofing

Films, as the lightest and most practical material at the same time, will not lose their popularity among roofers soon. In total there are three main groups: polyethylene films, polypropylene and modern membranes.

We will talk about membranes later. But the polyethylene roofing film is a waterproofing coating made of polyethylene fibers and reinforced with fabric or a special mesh. Often, beginners in the construction business make such an unfortunate mistake: they believe that film waterproofing can be completely replaced with ordinary wooden flooring. Someone does that. And at this stage, many people have the following question: “So the film or wood flooring? In fact, we are talking about two completely different materials in the construction of the roof. The main task of the film is maximum waterproofing, speaking plain language, just the removal of rain and melt water from the roofing cake. But wooden flooring is done more often in order to create a rigid base for soft roofing material, such as shingles.

Some films also have high frost resistance. Thus, Silver 100 microperforated reinforced film is able to completely replace roofing material in roofing work. Moreover, unlike roofing material, it does not stick together, and weighs much less, and it also allows condensation to pass through, and now the tree will not become sour.

"Smart" roofing membranes

Membranes are a new generation of waterproofing materials for roofs, combining many positive traits previous types.

Almost all modern membranes can be called "breathable". This is such a waterproofing that completely and completely protects the under-roof space from the penetration of atmospheric moisture, but at the same time remains almost transparent for water vapor to escape from the inside.

Modern membranes are mostly composed of non-woven synthetic fibers. Thanks to their special unique properties, it is possible to completely abandon the installation of a ventilation gap under the roof facing material. But this is saving up to 50% of space! It is much more rational to fill it with the same insulation. That is why, when converting a cold attic into a residential attic, it is the membrane that is traditionally used as waterproofing.

Perforated membranes

Polyethylene films are also divided into perforated and non-perforated. The former are intended for waterproofing, the latter for vapor barrier.

Perforated membranes are special combined fabrics and reinforced films through which water vapor escapes through punctured holes (that's why they are called perforated). Their vapor permeability is quite low, only up to 40 g / m2. They are intended for waterproofing cold roofs, and in insulated roofs they can only be fixed with two-way ventilation. But in frosty weather, the steam that settles on inside of such membranes becomes frost and clogs all small holes, thereby reducing the vapor permeability of the material to almost zero. The only way out is to leave the ridge open during installation so that the film does not reach the top of the rafters by 10 cm:

Porous membranes have an innovative filter structure. This is a set of interfiber pores through which water vapor easily passes. Over time, this property of waterproofing decreases, because. pores get clogged from dirty city air.

On device warm roofs you need to use not just a vapor-waterproofing film, but a vapor-permeable membrane:

But with one or two ventilation products, you need to install such membranes, read on their packaging - each manufacturer has its own requirements.

Universal membranes

There are also universal membranes with anti-condensation properties. One side of them is smooth, the second is rough, which is installed to water vapor. But smooth - to possible water leaks. Such membranes can be used both as an internal vapor barrier and as an under-roof waterproofing:

Anti-condensation membranes protect the roofing pie from both water and steam. This is the most best material for euroslate and metal tiles.

Multilayer membranes

Modern roofing membranes are available in one, two or three layers. Using a single layer membrane on roofs is a mistake. So the condensate will not be able to come out, and therefore the insulation will become wet and lose its properties. For example, mineral wool when cold, it crumbles and settles, thus forming new cold bridges.

Three-layer superdiffusion membranes are considered to be the most practical today. They are made from several layers in which there are no holes anymore, and they do not clog over time. These membranes have 100% wind protection.

But two-layer film membranes are a cheaper variety of three-layer ones. In these, one of the protective substrates is missing, which significantly reduces their reliability. They serve for a long time, but are easily torn during installation.

For example, the Delta FOXX roofing membrane already has a two-layer structure. bottom layer- non-woven polyester, and the top - dispersion water-repellent and vapor-permeable coating. This material has one of the highest vapor permeability (Sd=0.02 m), and non-woven polyester as a base gives more strength and elasticity. That's what kind of film is not afraid of the sharp edges of the boards of the crate, and endures everything quite steadily roofing and workers' feet.

Diffuse or breathable membranes

As we have already said, diffuse membranes have many small holes through which steam and condensate pass. That is why they cannot be pressed too tightly against the thermal insulation - the holes will overlap, and the membranes will simply cease to perform their functions.

Only modern super-diffuse membranes can be laid right next to the heat-insulating layer. These insulating coatings have a much higher coefficient of vapor and waterproofing, and therefore the lower ventilated gaps are not critical for them.

Have you figured out which waterproofing is still best for your roof? It's time to start building!

Do not equate the concepts of "flat roof" and "flat roof" with each other. These are different construction terms:

• The roof is a structure that completes the erected building and is subdivided into a pitched one, which has a large angle of inclination, into a flat one, which has a slight slope, which is almost imperceptible.
• Roof - a protective layer that allows the roof to act as a barrier against the influence of rain, snow, hail.

If the roof is not protected from precipitation with roofing materials, the life of any building is reduced many times over. Dampness, fungi, temperature changes cause rotting, corrosion and destruction of any building materials if there is no protection.

The absence of leaks on a pitched roof is ensured by the unimpeded removal of liquid along the roofing material due to the large angle of the structure.

A flat roof has no such advantages. There is a possibility of moisture stagnation in the central zone of the structure. If the tightness of the roof is broken, moisture will find gaps and begin a destructive process.

Types of flat design

The popularity of erecting a horizontal roof over different building objects due to its practicality.

Some projects involve the placement of special compositions on the roof:

• terrace for relaxation with appropriate attributes
• paving slabs
• porcelain stoneware slabs on adjustable feet
• pool
• landscaping, including a flower garden or small vegetable garden

For some owners, a flat roof reduces construction costs, given that fewer materials are required to build it.

The climatic features of the building site also dictate their own rules when the predominance of winds does not allow the construction of pitched roofs due to increased windage and the risk of destruction.

In turn, a flat roof involves two types of construction:

• Traditional. It does not involve the active use of the roof in addition to the protective barrier of the building from the external environment.
• This is a lightweight design, not designed for a large weight load.
• The hydrobarrier is mounted on top of all layers of the roofing cake and the material can serve as a roof finish.
• If even a slight use of this type of roof is expected, the waterproofing must be covered paving slabs, terrace board, asphalt concrete.
• Do not forget about the weight load during the operation of a traditional flat roof.
• Inversion, or inverted. It differs in the sequence of laying the layers of the roofing cake.
• Waterproofing is mounted before laying the insulation, which avoids mechanical damage to the material and the formation of leaks.
• Returned if provided additional functions surfaces that are negotiated with the developer at the design stage.
• The design requires correct load calculations so that the roof does not collapse.

Roof waterproofing is important in any type of flat construction. The nuance is only the choice of materials and the method of their installation. For the inversion option, the resistance of the flat roof coating to mechanical stress is important in order to maintain the tightness of the waterproofing layer.

A traditional roof does not require this condition if the developer does not plan to actively exploit it. It is enough to equip several fixed points for preventive maintenance of the roof.

Roof waterproofing and materials for it are an integral part of the structure. A large load is constantly placed on the roof and it is she who receives all the flows of water: snow, rain and moisture. That is why the roof covering must be airtight and absolutely waterproof. It is thanks to roofing waterproofing that you can do this by extending the operational life of the roof.

There are many different materials used for sealing. They differ in configuration, composition and their properties. On sale you can find mastics, roll materials and various liquids. Since there are many types of roofing, roofing waterproofing also varies. We will review all products, find out the features of the materials and their scope.

What are waterproofing materials for?

No matter how perfect roofing materials are, none of them is able to 100% protect the under-roof space and roof elements from moisture. The weak point is the joints between the materials. If the coating was monolithic, then there would be no problems with operation. In addition, the places of contact with the walls, the outlet of ventilation, chimney pipes and other elements also become places of leakage. Even self-tapping screws and other fixing elements cannot be screwed in absolutely hermetically.

Another point is the problem inside. Moisture and water vapor are formed in the house. Sources are kettles, boiling pots, iron, human breath, etc. They rise up. Even with insulating material, steam can reach the roof. Only vapor barrier films can protect the roof from moisture penetration. But by arranging cold roof, vapor barrier is not mounted. This means that condensation will form due to the temperature difference.

It turns out that the roofing material is subjected to a double load - from the outside in the form of rain and snow, and from the inside as condensate. Ventilation and waterproofing under the roof will help to cope with such a problem (dew point). The task of waterproofing is to prevent moisture from passing through, which destroys the attic or attic room. Without it, problems will arise during operation. Therefore, steam and waterproofing of the roof is the most important stage. We suggest considering the materials that can be used.

According to the physical state, the materials are divided into:

1. Roll products.
2. Powder.
3. Membrane.
4. In the form of mastics.
5. waterproofing films.

Differences in application method:

1. Adhesive materials.
2. Cast.
3. Backfilling.
4. Mounted.
5. used for coloring.
6. Deep penetration.
7. Plaster.
8. Impregnation.

The set is really huge, so there is plenty to choose from. It remains to understand in which cases to apply one or another option.

Flat roof waterproofing

Flat roofs are called, the angle of inclination of which is not more than 5%. Such options are used for multi-storey buildings and outbuildings. Waterproofing materials for them are as follows:

1. Built-up.
2. Coating.
3. Mounted.
4. Sprayable.

The built-up waterproofing is overlapped, after which it is melted with burners. In the process, a monolithic coating is formed. This roll waterproofing for the roof, which perfectly copes with its task. Previously, roofing material and glassine were used for this purpose. They are cheap, but short-lived and burn. They were replaced by polymer roll materials and bituminous products. Another good option is euroroofing material made of bitumen, synthetic rubber and polymer. Products are much stronger, since synthetic fabric and mineral dressing are used instead of cardboard. Roof waterproofing roll is laid as follows:

Sprayed roof waterproofing allows you to create a monolithic layer or membrane on the surface. It is practical and can withstand various loads. Mechanical strength and moisture resistance high level. True, there is one problem, in order to get the job done, you will need special equipment for spraying, which not everyone can afford.

Advice! It is easier and cheaper to hire workers for spraying. They will quickly and efficiently perform the work, and you do not have to buy expensive equipment.

Powder waterproofing is very popular. It includes synthetic resins, cement, hardeners and plasticizers. Waterproofing goes on sale in the form of a dry mixture, which must be prepared before use. Another option is water repellents. The composition includes silicic acids, silicones and organic solvents. These compounds are absorbed into the concrete, protecting the surface from leakage.

Coating materials are much simpler, as they are applied with a paint brush or roller. To work, you will need mastic for waterproofing the roof. This is a plastic compound that can be used to repair bituminous or built-up roofing and apply it to concrete. Roofing mastic for waterproofing is sold in different types. It can be liquid rubber, primer, bitumen-rubber and bitumen-polymer compounds. All mastics are divided into two types:

• cold;
• hot.

As for the materials to be mounted, these are film materials. On sale there is a waterproofing film for the roof, a polymer membrane or liquid rubber. The material is laid in the form of a substrate and prevents the penetration of moisture.

Note! Separately, I would like to note the self-adhesive waterproofing of the roof. It's kind roll materials, which are mounted by gluing to the surface.

You can see more details about this simple method in the video.

Waterproofing materials for pitched roofs

Pitched roofs have a different configuration. The difficulty lies in a certain slope of the slope. In this case, similar or different materials are used for waterproofing. The most common - roll. It can be both various kinds of membranes, films, and roofing material or glassine. Only now the laying becomes more complicated, since the material has to be attached to the crate. The peculiarity of products for pitched roofs is that they are mounted under the obligatory roofing material. The main task is to protect the under-roofing space, insulation and structural elements.

Suitable for work:

• single-layer membrane based on rubber;
• single-layer membrane made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC);
• three-layer membrane made of polypropylene (PPN).

An excellent representative of rolled products is isospan roof waterproofing. This is a film that acts as a hydro- and vapor barrier. From the video you can see the features of the material and the method of its installation.

Some people ask what kind of waterproofing is best for a roof. It is impossible to answer this question unambiguously. But many note the simplicity, low cost and practicality of simple films for waterproofing. They are laid on top of the insulation layer (if any), on the crate. Roofing material is covered from above. Fixation is carried out with screws or staples. To ensure high-quality sealing, when installing the film, an overlap of 15-20 cm is made. And adhesive tape for waterproofing the roof will help make the junction airtight. Minus the films - they do not breathe.

Membrane materials are another matter. They embodied everything positive sides brothers. The membrane creates a durable barrier that will not let moisture through. At the same time, the material successfully passes steam, preventing the formation of condensate. The membranes breathe, so in some cases a ventilation gap is not required. An excellent representative of such membranes is Tyvek products. Roof waterproofing and the technology itself is visible in this photo.

Waterproofing a metal roof or any other is done in the same way. And to strengthen the waterproofing, the joints of the metal roof can be treated with special sealants. They are also suitable for those cases when holes are made in the roof for the chimney and other structural elements.

Summing up

No one can do without roof waterproofing. This is a simple, but at the same time necessary product, which is more than enough on store shelves. Some of them are difficult to process and require the intervention of professionals. Others are easy to mount for beginners with their own hands. Therefore, everyone will be able to choose those products that suit him the most.