How to insulate the walls in the apartment. How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside - competent work with different materials. Criteria for selecting material for internal thermal insulation

Millions of people who live in apartments know first hand how cold they can be in winter. The operation of central heating is far from ideal, and autonomous heating is not cheap (both installation and the increasing costs of utilities in this case).

In order to improve the microclimate in the room with, as well as to avoid the appearance of mold (which is also a common problem), it is important to insulate the apartment.

And first of all, a person most often decides to make it from the inside, and insulating only the walls is both easier and cheaper, and you can do it yourself without resorting to the help (paid, of course) of specialists.

1 On the relevance and effectiveness of internal insulation

Initially, the issue of the overall effectiveness of the work from the inside should be considered. It should be noted right away that such (internal) insulation is always and everywhere (at home, in an apartment, in a garage, in a bathhouse, and so on) will be less effective than external. The bottom line is that the cold will still penetrate inside the room - since concrete (or brick) is not a significant barrier for it.

If the insulation is located only inside the apartment, it can even become harmful to the house: the dew point will shift and condensation will form on the surface of the walls. As a result, under the insulation, the walls will become overgrown with mold, which a person will not even see.

Thus, we can draw the following conclusion: if it is not possible to insulate the wall of the house from the outside, it is not always safe for the structure itself to perform work from the inside. Moreover, the exterior finish does not have to be extremely effective - even a small layer of heat and waterproofing will already be useful and will be able to prevent dew point shift.

Internal wall insulation will allow you to create a kind of “thermos” inside the apartment: the heat will be “locked” in the room and will not be able to go outside. This, by the way, is relevant not only for external walls - if the apartment next door is cold - the partition adjacent to it can also be insulated. Understanding the need for work is easy: just put your hand on this wall. We felt a noticeable cold - which means that warming is relevant.

It is recommended that you especially worry about wall insulation for those who live in a corner apartment - the rooms located on the corner of the house are the coldest, and the humidity in them is often high. Moreover, insulation from the inside in them should be performed only after insulation has been made from the outside - otherwise mold and fungus will appear on the surface very, very quickly.

In addition to protecting apartments from cold and moisture, the installation of insulation is also good because the sound insulation of the room is significantly improved. This is very important for residents of large cities, especially for those who live nearby:

industrial zone;
construction sites;
roads, railways;
crowded places (markets, shopping centers, stadiums);
garages;
airports.

In such cases, soundproofing is no less an issue than insulation. And modern insulation usually combines these qualities - finishing the wall of the house at the same time both insulates the structure and reduces the noise level in the room both.

1.1 Why is it important to insulate walls?

Most often, in apartments, only one “side” of the structure is insulated - the walls. In most cases, this is quite enough to significantly improve the microclimate in the room.

Residents of the extreme (first and last) floors can think about the insulation of the floor and ceiling. If your floor and ceiling border on a neighboring apartment, their thermal insulation is not a mandatory issue, unless you want to achieve the best possible result.

It is not very important to carry out the insulation of these surfaces inside the apartments for the following reasons:

Thermal insulation “takes away” at least 5 (and most often more) cm of free space. With an apartment ceiling height of 2.30 (on average) m, an extra 5-15 cm will be noticeable.
The floor of the apartment is unlikely to be cold, since the heat will rise from the neighbors living under you.
Insulation of the floor will create a difference in the height of the surface, which is not always convenient.
Floor insulation is a much more complicated procedure than wall insulation, and not every person can do it with their own hands.

Work on the insulation of the ceiling inside the apartments is more relevant than the insulation of the floor - due to the fact that the heated air always rises. In the absence of an effective "barrier" (which is the insulation), it will freely leave the room, "heating" the floor to your neighbors from above. So if your walls are already insulated, and the temperature of the house is still not comfortable enough, you can also think about finishing the ceiling with.

1.2 About the pros and cons of internal insulation

Compared to outside, work inside panel house have a number of differences - both positive and negative. Let's take a look at the advantages of this method:

you can insulate the wall with your own hands, without the use of climbing equipment;
work can be carried out at any time of the year (whereas outside it is possible to insulate the surface only in warm, dry and calm weather);
if necessary, the insulation can be dismantled / repaired at any time.

The disadvantages of warming apartments from the inside have already been mentioned above, but just in case, we will compile a specific list of them:

reduction of free space indoors;
low efficiency in the absence of external insulation;
the need to completely redo the repair in the room (whereas the insulation, mounted outside, does not require the dismantling of finishing materials in the house).

2 About material selection

Internal heat and sound insulation can be performed using several technologies. The selected insulation distinguishes them from each other (or rather, its type). It can be:

Sheet materials: foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam (EPS), mineral wool boards.
Roll materials: mineral wool, polyethylene foam.
Sprayed (liquid) materials: expanded polyurethane foam (PPU), .

However, each heater from the list above has a number of features - so we will consider them separately.

2.1 Use of foam and extruded polystyrene foam (EPS)

These materials can be combined into one category, since the differences between them are insignificant, and consist only in a number of characteristics that will practically not affect the efficiency of the work. Let's give brief description these insulators: lightweight boards made of white (styrofoam) or orange (EPS) granules that contain air.

They are supplied in the form of plates of various sizes (most often - in the range of about 1 x 2 m) and with different thicknesses - the efficiency actually depends on it: the thicker the layer, the warmer it will be in the room.

Of the disadvantages of insulation with Penoplex (EPPS brand) or foam, the following points can be distinguished:

the presence of joints between the sheets (and each joint is an extra chance for the penetration of cold and moisture);
sound insulation when using the material is far from ideal (except when using a layer 10+ cm thick);
the need to level the surface to a perfectly even level.

Separately, it should be said about such a minus as a significant reduction in space in the room. The insulation layer can be at least 5 cm (and this is just the insulation itself), the loss of which will be noticeable, especially when you consider that most apartments already have a small area.

Now let's consider what exactly needs to be done in order to insulate the surface with Penoplex (styrofoam) with your own hands:

The surface is cleaned from finishing materials to the “bare” wall, even removed.
The evenness of the surface is checked - for this, a level is used. In the presence of serious differences, bulges, depressions, they should be eliminated using plaster.
The surface is inspected for cracks and holes. If present, they should be eliminated using plaster.
Sheets of material are cut into more convenient parts (however, not too small - the optimal size is about 1 x 1.5 m).
The resulting segments are "trying on" to the wall.
The segments are adjusted.
The adhesive mixture is being prepared.
The mixture is evenly distributed on the surface of the insulation.
The segment is pressed tightly against the wall, starting from the bottom corner.
To fix the material, you can additionally fix it with dowels (optimally - 5 pieces: 4 in the corners, 10-15 cm from the edge, and 1 in the center).

At the same time, be careful: the dowels should not damage the wiring and should not be too long - if the partition is too thin.

After that:

The installation of insulation continues, moving sideways.
Each next row is stacked with an offset relative to the previous one.
After the installation of all segments and the complete drying of the mixture, the joints are smeared with plaster / mounting foam/ sealed with construction tape.
A vapor barrier film is glued (optional, but desirable).

2.2 Work steps when using foam (video)

2.3 Application of mineral wool (plates and rolls)

This material is not well suited for this type of work. Now they choose it extremely rarely, mainly - chasing cheapness. According to its characteristics, it is close to polystyrene, but the properties of mineral wool make it a less relevant option. The list of disadvantages is as follows:

the material is prone to moisture accumulation;
the material crumples and cakes like;
crumbling cotton wool is harmful to human health (especially if children or allergy sufferers live in the house);
sound insulation - no better than polystyrene (or even worse);
increased complexity during operation (it is especially difficult to insulate the surface with a mineral wool roll);
joints between segments.

It is impossible to single out tangible advantages compared to other materials, except, perhaps, for cheapness and the lack of the need for a perfectly flat surface. And even then the difference in cost, compared with the same foam, will be minimal.

Consider the steps that will allow you to insulate the wall using this material with your own hands:

The surface is cleaned from finishing materials to the "bare" wall.
The surface is checked for holes, cracks. If available, they are covered with plaster.
The material is cut into segments of a size convenient for installation.
The framing is being installed.
The material is placed between the rails.
Additionally, the material is fastened with dowels.
A vapor barrier film is glued on top of the rails.
Further finishing work is in progress.

2.4 Application of polyethylene foam

Of the existing heaters, this option is great for insulating apartments in a panel house from the inside. It is a rigid roll of material, on one side of which there is a foil layer, on the other - foamed polyethylene.

With its help, sound insulation is also performed - in this regard, the material surpasses the above options. Its significant advantage is the thickness: a few millimeters (4-5) of Penofol are equal in efficiency to several centimeters (3-4) of foam. Thus, it will minimally hide the space in the room.

In addition, the foil side (facing inside the apartments) enhances the “thermos effect”, shielding (reflecting) heat and not letting it out of the room. Yes, and in terms of work, it is ten times easier than both polystyrene and mineral wool - it is possible to insulate the wall of a corner (or any other) apartment with it simply and quickly.

2.5

At the same time, its use does not require leveling the surface and creating a multilayer "pie".

The steps are:

Surface - cleaned of dirt, old finishing materials.
Cracks and holes (if any) are sealed with plaster.
The material is glued to the surface with a special adhesive.

That's all - this is where the process of warming the apartments of the panel building ends, and you can proceed to further finishing.

2.6 Work steps when using polyethylene foam (video)

2.7 Application of expanded polyurethane foam (PUF)

In terms of efficiency, this material ranks first in the list of modern insulators. He has the best quality characteristics and virtually devoid of flaws. The advantages of PPU spraying technology include:

lack of joints;
absolute moisture resistance;
small layer thickness high efficiency(where 5-10 cm of polystyrene or mineral wool is required, 2-3 cm of polyurethane foam can be used, and the result will be better);
high coating speed (for 1 work shift - 8 hours - you can process about 100 "squares" of the surface, that is, all the outer walls in any of the average apartments).

Its use is especially relevant for a corner room - since the corners themselves very often create a problem during insulation, and it is not always possible to isolate them correctly and efficiently even by specialists. PPU is used to insulate apartments both from the inside and outside.

Of the minuses of such isolation of apartments, the following factors can be distinguished:

relatively high cost;
the impossibility of doing it yourself (this requires a special installation).

The stages of work when using the technology are as follows:

Surface - cleaned of old materials.
Cracks and holes are sealed with plaster (however, when using PPU, this item is not indispensable).
PPU is prepared (from two components that are mixed right on the spot, in the installation tank).
The material is sprayed onto the wall.

The material, which is a liquid suspension, solidifies in a few seconds upon contact with air, and a dense monolithic crust is formed on the wall surface, tightly glued to the surface.

If you have dealt with buying or selling apartments, then you have noticed that buyers are not very fond of corner apartments or rooms. What is it connected with? Although in summer such an apartment is much easier to ventilate, the view from the windows opens on two or even three sides.

But there is one significant downside. Very often, with the advent of frost, residents of corner apartments suffer from insufficient heat. If the temperature outside is around zero, and the heating season has not yet begun, uncomfortable conditions are created inside such an apartment. Appears, the windows fog up, the floor becomes cold, and the bed is damp.

The main reason for this is the presence of three walls that have an exit to the outside, and therefore are most affected low temperatures. In winter, even with central heating, the situation only gets worse.

Walls can freeze completely, especially in the corners, interior decoration starts to fall off, mold, fungus will appear. Being in such an apartment will not only be uncomfortable, but also not safe, especially for children. After all, they are most susceptible to the appearance of diseases, the cause of which is.

What to do in such a situation? Many try to install additional heating radiators, but this, most often, does not solve the problem or solves it, but not completely. Dampness is displaced under the ceiling, forming places where mold accumulates.

What is the right thing to do in such a situation? The best solution is that you need to try to insulate the walls. How can I do that? How to spend? We'll try to figure it out now. What is the best way to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? First, let's look at what exist.

Today, the market for thermal insulation materials is extensive, represented by various products. All of them are subdivided according to the place of their installation: outside the wall or inside the room.

Each of them has both minuses and pluses. When installing any of them, you must strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions.

When buying a heat insulator, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

heat conduction;
air permeability;
waterproofing properties;
environmental Safety;
fire resistance;
operating time.

Using quality material, you can easily insulate the corner. What is the best insulation for the walls inside the apartment? What is the best way to insulate walls from the inside?

mineral wool

This heat insulator is the most popular, it is made from basalt fiber. It has excellent thermal insulation properties, allows good air ventilation, but does not tolerate excessive moisture. This material has a high degree fire safety and does not emit toxic substances when exposed to direct fire.

When installing mineral wool, special guides are used, and the installation process itself does not require much effort, since the material is light and elastic. Is it possible to insulate walls with them? But over time, because of these qualities, it can lose its shape.

The environmental component is also ambiguous - the material emits a small amount of harmful gases. Some do not use it because of the significant weight received during the installation of the structure.

Styrofoam insulation

The name speaks of the process of its creation. That is, the material is created by foaming polystyrene under high pressure. The price of such material is quite affordable, it is easy to mount, install, which makes it a popular heat insulator.

It has good thermal insulation properties, it is environmentally friendly and safe. It can be used as for internal works as well as for outdoor. It is mounted on walls made of any material.

The process is quite simple and labor-intensive. The pluses include its huge service life. But of course there are downsides.

So, due to poor water permeability, on wooden walls condensation may accumulate, which leads to their destruction, and it is also flammable. Warming concrete wall from the inside it is perfectly carried out with the help of this material.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is the most popular insulation. It is flexible and easy to work with. The disadvantages include the difficulty in joining the sheets.

There is a material on sale in which the edge is made in the form of protrusions, which greatly facilitates installation work.

has good moisture resistance, it is light, easy to install.

Use of Styrofoam

This is an excellent material for insulating the walls of the apartment. It contains more than 95% gas, so it is an excellent heat insulator.

It is distinguished by low cost, excellent waterproofing, fire safety. Styrofoam is used at any temperature, being an environmentally friendly material.

The use of keramoizol

It's relative new material. It is sold in containers of various sizes, as it is a liquid material. It has excellent thermal insulation properties. Keramoizol is a durable, waterproof and vapor-proof product.

During installation, several layers are applied, and for better thermal insulation - six. The layers are laid perpendicular to each other. This material has proven itself only from the best side. Its only and main disadvantage is the high price.

Penoizol insulation

Warm insulating material- penoizol is a type of polyurethane and is used in the form of foam. The advantage is the quick installation of the material in a brick building., forming a layer of the required thickness of the heat insulator, there are no seams and joints.

Excellent heat-insulating and waterproofing properties, the material is non-flammable and environmentally friendly. But perhaps its main advantage is the low cost of work, almost two times less than when using conventional materials.

Using Astratek

Astratek is a suspension, solid particles are represented by various polymers. For application to the wall, use an airbrush or mount it manually with a paint brush. Excellent insulation, just one centimeter of the layer is similar to fifty centimeters of mineral wool slab.

Does not take the interior space of the room, forms an even homogeneous surface requiring minimal processing for cladding. The main deterrent to large-scale application is its high cost.

How to insulate the walls in the apartment from the inside? It's up to you to decide.

How to insulate walls in a panel and monolithic house?

How to insulate walls from the inside? How to insulate a concrete wall from the inside? How to do it right? To insulate the wall from the inside, consider step by step instructions insulation of walls and partitions in a panel house from the inside.

Action algorithm:

First you need to prepare the walls. To do this, remove the furniture, clean the walls from finishing material to plaster. Therefore, this procedure should be combined with repair work in your apartment;
next to be done. It is best to use special polymers, but you can also use ordinary plastic wrap. It is applied directly to the walls, the bonding points of the strips are glued. To do this, use construction tape;
then we mount the crate, you can use both wooden and metal rails. In the first case, the tree must be treated with antiseptics and fire-fighting solutions. When installing the crate, the step size must be selected depending on the insulation so as not to form gaps and voids;
then we directly lay the heat insulator, that is, we insulate the walls. It should fit into the openings between the crate. Many materials are designed in such a way that when installed they straighten and fill the entire form, this significantly reduces installation time;
installation . By installing it, we protect our insulation from wet steam, which is always present in the apartment. In no case should these measures be neglected, since moisture will begin to accumulate in the insulation. As a result, the product will lose its properties, and all your work will be lost.

The vapor barrier film is laid without gaps and gaps, joints and cracks are treated with sealants;

installation . It is necessary to choose a material suitable for installation in residential premises. When installing sheets, it is important to follow the instructions, and then you should do the necessary procedures for installing facing materials.

How to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside? You can insulate a corner apartment in a panel or monolithic house by following these six steps.

Installation of insulation on brick walls

How to insulate brick walls inside an apartment with your own hands? Corner walls in a brick house can be insulated using the same method as in a panel house. Therefore, we will analyze the work of installing a material made of polystyrene.

Wall insulation in the apartment from the inside:

clean the walls down to the plaster. If it is missing, then it should be applied. After that, the walls must be leveled, cracks repaired and then treated with a primer;
you need to prepare the glue according to the manufacturer's recommendations and apply it to the walls that you will insulate. In the beginning, you can use a regular spatula. It is necessary to apply glue to them on the walls, then take a notched trowel and re-walk around the entire perimeter. This is done in order to create an uneven surface of the glue. This contributes to better bonding of the insulation;
how to insulate a wall in a corner apartment from the inside? Next, we take sheets of heat insulator and begin to install them on the walls. First of all, the bottom row is laid. We tightly apply the polystyrene sheet and push it through, you can not use dowels or other fastening materials. When installing, we use a level and carefully join the edges so that cracks do not form, if necessary, cut the sheets. The next row is set so that the junction of the two sheets falls in the middle of the bottom sheet. This will give great durability to the entire structure.

Watch the surface of the insulation so that bumps do not form, because during the final finishing this will bring additional difficulties.

after you have installed the thermal insulation, you can proceed to the finishing work. If you plan to cover the walls with drywall, then no additional work on the insulation is required. If you plan to cover it with a layer of plaster, putty, wallpaper, painting, then you need to treat it with a primer, then install a reinforcing fiber mesh. After that, you can start applying layers of plaster or putty.

By following these steps, you can insulate corner room from within.

Wall insulation using the "electric floor" method

How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside according to this method? Insulation of the apartment from the inside is carried out as follows. First of all, it is necessary to attach the "" sheets to the wall using fastening materials.

After that, the sheets are connected to the electrical network of the apartment. In the most severe frost, we turn on the system and warm up the walls until they are completely dry. After that, we lay the thermal insulation to prevent heat loss. Then you can start lining the walls.

So, if you decide to insulate the walls of a corner apartment, you need to choose the material, focusing on the type of walls and the price range of the heat insulator. Then it is important to consider the method of installation and subsequent cladding.

You should also pay attention to the following aspects:

installation of insulation reduces the volume of the room;
poor quality work can lead to mold;
for a comfortable life, it is necessary to install ventilation.

By strictly adhering to the rules, you can insulate your apartment and create comfort in it. Warming the walls of the apartment from the inside is a fairly simple process.

AND inside(you can insulate the front, back, end wall) is carried out according to the instructions. An insulated corner apartment is great, because you can enjoy comfort.

If you have even the slightest opportunity to insulate the walls from the outside - do it. This is the most the best option because the insulation of the walls from the inside is a headache. There are only two correct and more or less acceptable options, and then, one takes up a lot of space, and the second requires significant costs during the winter. There is another way suitable for warming balconies and loggias. And for now, that's all. All other options with mounting foam, liquid ceramic thermal insulation, penofol and other materials bring only dampness and mold.

Wall insulation from the inside: what's the problem

Everyone who insulated the outer walls of a house or apartment from the inside - from the room - is faced with the problem of the appearance of fungi, mold and high humidity. These consequences are natural, and appear regardless of the type of insulation used. You can get rid of moisture and fungi only by removing the internal insulation by making overhaul walls, treating them with antifungal compounds and plastering.

Let's look at the reasons. The so-called dew point is to blame. This is the line where warm and cold air meet, and where, as a result, condensation forms.

Dew point for different options wall insulation

The figure on the left shows the situation with the dew point if the wall is not insulated. It is located somewhere in the thickness of the wall, depending on temperature and humidity, it shifts either one way or the other, but it is always far enough from the inner surface. In this case, moisture accumulates in the wall, freezes. In the spring, as it thaws, it evaporates, and evaporates into the atmosphere. In the room, if dampness is observed, then for a short time and at the level of sensations.

In the center, the photo shows a situation where the wall is insulated from the inside. In this case, condensate falls in the insulation, or, if this is not possible (expanded polystyrene is used, for example), at the border of the insulation and the wall. Even if the wall freezes and the condensate turns into ice, it will melt in the spring, the insulation, wall material and finish will get wet. Since there is a large distance to the outer surface facing the street, moisture dries in this case very badly, which “climbs out” in the form of dampness, mold and all the accompanying delights.

Wall insulation from the inside: consequences

And the third option is to insulate the wall from the outside. In this case, the dew point is in the insulation. How to get it out of there is another story (to make a ventilated facade or choose the right vapor permeability of materials), but for our topic it is important to understand that in this case the wall inside the room will definitely be dry and warm.

Summing up, we can say, if possible, make insulation from the outside. Wall insulation from the inside of the premises has to be done only in a few cases:

if they are not allowed to be insulated from the outside (the building is a historical monument or a ban by local authorities);
if the wall goes into a joint between two buildings;
the wall opens into an elevator shaft.

But before you start this work, inspect the floor, ceiling, windows well. Sometimes most of the heat leaves not through the walls, but through these surfaces, and it is easier to insulate them (in the sense, there is less trouble with the dew point).

Proper internal wall insulation in a house or apartment

There are only two ways to insulate the walls in the rooms from the inside and not get a problem in the form of dampness:

recreating a multi-layer wall (place a half-brick wall with insulation at some distance);
make the wall heated, and then insulate it.

These options work, but as you can see, they "eat up" a significant amount of space and cost decent money. In each case, it is necessary to consider what kind of insulation and how much is needed, but the wall cake remains the same.

Second wall

At some distance from the main wall, a second wall is installed with a thickness of 10-12 cm. Between the two walls, a layer of insulation is attached to the inner one, which is required for these conditions. At the same time, up to outer wall there should be a ventilation gap of at least 3 cm. In total, this entire structure will be 20-25 cm away from the main wall. It will “eat” a very considerable area.

Options for insulating walls from the inside

As you can see, in this case, the dew point can be located inside the insulation or on the inner surface of the wall facing the street. To be able to remove the formed moisture, you can do forced ventilation by installing one or two exhaust fans.

Since in this case the insulation will get wet, it is necessary to choose one that is not afraid of moisture. These are polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene, foamed glass. You can use some types of stone wool, but only those that are not afraid of moisture (there are some).

fasten thermal insulation material It is necessary simultaneously with the construction of walls. They laid it out to a certain height, fixed the thermal insulation. It is inconvenient to work, but there is no other way out.

Heating with electricity

The idea of this method is that with internal insulation of concrete or brick wall move the dew point inside the wall. To do this, it must be heated. The easiest way is to attach an electric floor heating mat. At some distance from it, a heater is installed, on top of which there is a finishing layer.

How to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside

In this case, there are no problems with the removal of moisture, and much less space is required for the installation of the system: from 8 cm (with a ventilation gap of 3 cm and a heater thickness of 5 cm).

With this method, the heat-insulating material can be any. To install it, first a crate is made, then a counter-crate, and a suitable insulation is already attached to it.

Option for warming the balcony from the inside

In the case of a loggia and a balcony, the situation is often quite different. If the authorities do not allow the installation of a wall, they demand that the existing reinforced concrete screen be left, it is cut off from the warm air with careful thermal insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS).

Balcony insulation from the inside

In this case, it is better to make the insulation redundant than at least slightly insufficient. The total thickness is divided into two layers. They are laid without a gap (preferably with locks), and so that the seams of the first layer overlap the sheet of the second. There should be no through access of warm air to the screen.

Very carefully it is necessary to approach the issue of warming the floor and ceiling of the loggia / balcony, to ensure tightness at their junction with the walls. Also pay attention to how the glazing will be installed: there may also be problem areas: the joint with the screen, walls, the insulation of the part above the frames. All of them must be well finished, excluding the possibility of contact between warm / cold air. In this case, there will be no problems. Even if the balcony is combined with the room.

Priority in the construction of bygone times was considered to be fast construction time and low material costs. Questions about energy saving are taken into account only in new buildings.

Now the energy consumption has risen sharply and it is already impossible not to think about it. In the design documents of new buildings, a whole section is devoted to the conservation of thermal energy. And residents of old houses and apartments have to take care of thermal protection on their own.

Thin walls are not only conductors of cold air, they are destroyed due to condensation. A humid environment has a beneficial effect on microbiological processes, while fungi and mold pose a danger to human health.

The cracks formed over many years of operation accelerate the destruction of the walls. And under the influence of a temperature difference, irreversible consequences occur. Quality insulation can save the situation.

There are times when external insulation cannot be performed. The reasons may be:

If the building belongs to cultural monuments and is of historical value;

If the outer wall is shared with an unheated technical room;

Existence of a deformation construction seam.

Of course, it is preferable to install the insulation material from the outside. Then the displaced dew point will not allow the walls to freeze. Interior view insulation does not provide such protection to the wall surface. However, it will be able to establish a comfortable microclimate in the room, subject to the technological process.

Advantages of wall insulation in an apartment from the inside

Installation can be done at any time of the year and weather;

If necessary, replace the insulation material without the involvement of climbers;

Large selection of insulation for indoor use;

Simple installation can be done independently;

Increasing sound insulation in the apartment.

The usable area is reduced;

The walls outside are left unprotected;

Additional work is required to seal and waterproof the external seams.

Polyurethane foam meets the requirements for indoor use. A distinctive feature is considered to be a monolithic layer after applying an astringent substance to the surface. The absence of gaps guarantees reliable insulation from cold, noise and moisture.

However, there are nuances. To carry out the work, it is necessary to prepare some kind of formwork for spraying a liquid composition. Yes, and finishing work with one putty will not do. The insulation should be sheathed with slab material. Additionally, it is not necessary to apply a vapor barrier or waterproofing film.

Mineral wool is a versatile and affordable material. All its qualities are not in doubt, except for hygroscopicity. That is why, when installing insulation mats, a frame is constructed and two protective layers are created: hydro and vapor barriers.

The joints of the films must be fixed with construction tape to prevent the penetration of moisture into the insulation. Humid environment deprives mineral wool of valuable properties. The material laid in the frame cells with protective layers is sheathed with plasterboard or finishing panels.

A great way to insulate a wall is a system used for underfloor heating. The heated surface always remains dry and warm. The destruction of concrete blocks or bricks with such a wiring scheme does not threaten. However, the disadvantage of this insulation is the consumption of electricity to heat the wall.

Expanded polystyrene is often used as a heater due to several factors: affordable price, ease of working with it, speed of work. But it is not recommended to use it for internal work. The reason is the properties of the material: easy flammability, release of toxic fumes, loose structure, unable to withstand mechanical stress.

Stages of wall insulation in the apartment from the inside

To clear a surface of layers of finishing. Seal up all cracks and holes with plaster.

Handle working area antiseptic solution to prevent the formation of fungal deposits.

On the outside of the wall, perform an audit to identify cracks and eliminate the resulting defects. Lost waterproofing on panel seams must be restored.

On the inner wall, make a crate of profiles. It is allowed to use wooden slats, but they should be treated with an antiseptic and flame retardant before installation. Preference is given to a metal profile.

Fix the waterproofing film using a construction stapler. Connect the joints that overlap each other with construction tape.

Lay mineral wool in the cells of the crate. It is not necessary to put pressure on it during installation, heat-shielding qualities may decrease.

Fix the vapor barrier over the insulation. Connect the joints with tape.

Sheathe the crate with sheets of drywall. Glue the seams with a sickle and putty.

Fine finishing is carried out according to the chosen design solution.

How and with what to insulate the walls of the apartment from the inside?

Sometimes it happens that the heating works well, there is a three-chamber double-glazed window, there are no cracks and drafts, but the room is cold. A similar situation can often be observed in a corner apartment. This is due to large heat losses. One of the ways out in this case may be additional insulation of the apartment from the inside.

Inside or outside?

It is most correct to fix the insulation from the outside. In this case, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer will be significantly less, and the likelihood of condensation is reduced to a minimum.

Internal insulation, although not the best option, still has the right to life, especially in the following cases:

administrative ban on the performance of facade insulation works;
the presence of a compensatory expansion joint;
the presence of electrical or gas communications;
the exit of the wall in need of insulation into the elevator shaft;
the location of the apartment above the first floor.

The last point requires a little clarification. If the insulation is done by hand, then on the ground floor, thermal insulation can be attached both from the outside and from the inside. With an increase in the number of storeys, the use of climbing equipment is already required and for independent work only the option of internal insulation is suitable.

Types of heaters

To date, there is a large selection of what you can do with thermal insulation:

mineral basalt wool;
glass wool;
expanded polystyrene (polystyrene);
extruded polystyrene foam (EPS);
foam polyethylene.

Fiber materials

Mineral wool and glass wool belong to the class of fibrous heaters. They are mats or rolls of compressed fibers. There is air inside between the fibers.

A characteristic feature of such materials is a sharp decrease in thermal insulation characteristics when wet, which entails the need to use additional vapor barrier from the side of the room.

The only option when mats can be used without additional protection is to place them inside the wall.

The insulation is placed between the outer and inner layers, made of brick or concrete.

Foam materials

Styrofoam and similar in properties to XPS in the form of plates have a closed cellular structure. The air enclosed inside the cells isolated from each other is a good heat insulator.

A significant advantage of such materials is that they are not afraid of moisture. No additional protection is required when using them.

More recently, a new roll material- foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, foiled on one or both sides with aluminum. It can be used as an auxiliary material to improve the thermal insulation properties of the entire wall structure.

Foil polyethylene, in addition to the function of direct insulation, is able to create a vapor barrier and a screen that reflects inside the room infrared heat from heating appliances.

Basic schemes for performing work

Insulating the walls of an apartment by simply sheathing them from the inside with a thick layer of thermal insulation is a very risky undertaking. There is a high chance that the effort will be wasted.

In the inner layers of the structure, zones favorable for the formation of condensate will form. Moisture, regardless of the type of insulation used (for wool a little faster, for EPPS slower), will come to the surface of the finish in the form of weeping spots, and then fungus and mold. In order for the wall to be dry and warm, there are two solutions.

Construction of an additional wall

In this case, a "well" masonry with internal insulation is reproduced. An additional partition is erected at some distance from the main wall of brick or wall blocks. The thickness varies between 100 - 150 mm. A heater is installed in the resulting gap.

Inside, the possible dew point will be either in the thickness of the outer wall, or on its border with the insulation. Whole array interior wall stays dry.

External wall heating

A heating mat of an electric floor is fixed on the insulated surface, which automatically turns on when critical temperatures are reached. On top of the heating mat, thermal insulation and a final fine finish are mounted. In practice, such a scheme is implemented quite rarely due to the high costs of electricity during the cold season.

A similar principle arises when insulating the walls of a panel house with an internal central heating system. circulating through pipes hot water heats the wall from the inside and prevents condensation from forming.

It is enough to mount the required layer of the missing thermal insulation to get the desired effect.

Performance of thermal insulation works

Depending on the climatic zone where the building is located, the material and thickness of the walls, the composition and design of the insulation of the internal surfaces of the room will vary. Possible options there will be a very large number. To obtain optimal results, it is necessary in each case to carry out at least approximate calculations before starting work.

To get a general idea of the progress of the work, you can consider the process of insulating a brick and concrete wall using EPS.

Material selection

One of the brands under which XPS is produced is penoplex. This material is 20 - 100 mm thick, 600 x 1200 mm in size. Distinctive feature is the presence of a fold along the perimeter, providing a tight pairing of adjacent sheets.

Fastening foam to the surface is much easier than in the case of mineral wool. There is no need to build a frame or use plastic "fungi" to fix the insulation. It is quite possible to get by with “liquid nails” construction mounting adhesive (for a more or less even surface) or an adhesive solution based on a ready-made dry mix (if necessary, smoothing out small irregularities).

Determining the thickness of the heat insulator

How much insulation to lay in the wall? The answer to this question can be given by heat calculation, which takes into account the type of building, building material, climate zone and parameters of the heating system.

When doing work with your own hands, such calculations are often problematic. In practice, most often limited to approximate, averaged values.

So, for a brick wall with a thickness of 300 - 500 mm, it is quite enough to lay 100 - 150 mm of foam inside.

This design will be able to withstand up to -30 ° C. In panel houses with an intra-wall heating system, 100 mm of insulation will be enough.

Brick wall insulation

The process of doing thermal insulation with your own hands begins with the preparation of the base. Surface brickwork and the joints with the ceilings are examined in order to identify through cracks. If necessary, they are sealed with mortar or foam.

In order to fix the insulation, an auxiliary wall is erected at a certain distance from the outer wall. Thermal insulation sheets are installed in the resulting gap.

Another option for carrying out work involves fixing the penoplex on the surface of the main street wall with the help of adhesives. Then, an additional wall is erected close to the resulting layer.

Thermal insulation of reinforced concrete wall

In panel houses, the probability of cracks occurring at the junction of individual blocks is quite high. For a corner apartment, the search for and repair of cracks in the joints is necessary condition. Through through cracks, heat, despite the insulation, will be blown out into the street.

In large-panel housing construction, very often central heating radiators are hidden inside. During the heating season, the surface always remains warm.

This feature greatly simplifies the thermal insulation scheme. Penoplex is attached directly to the inner surfaces of the walls. Finishing can be done directly on the insulation.

The dew point will be in the depth of the wall closer to the street. Favorable conditions for the formation of condensate are not created. The insulation layer and interior trim will remain dry throughout the entire period of operation.

How to properly insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside?

Most of the houses of the housing stock were built in ancient times, when the issue of energy saving was not as acute as it is today. Brick and panel walls are not designed to retain the heat coming from heaters. And the seams, frayed by time, do not have an elementary waterproofing layer.

Frozen air easily penetrates through them. Due to the temperature difference there is a slow destruction wall materials. And the home environment in a cold and damp room does not seem cozy and comfortable.

The rise in the cost of energy resources makes us think about saving by insulating the walls of the home. For many, the question has become how best to do this: from the outside or from the inside? After all, finishing the wall from the side of the street is more effective, since, first of all, protection from cold air and precipitation appears.

However, there are cases where internal insulation is indispensable:

if the house has a historical or cultural value;
if the wall is part of an unheated room, on which it is not possible to mount foam boards;
when the wall closes the expansion joint.

To increase heat saving, it is enough to apply a layer of insulating material under the skin. Log houses are finished in a similar way, only wood is used as thermal insulation.

Material requirement

For various reasons, internal insulation sometimes remains the only way to solve the problem of energy saving. Then you should approach the choice of materials and installation with full responsibility, so as not to create an even bigger problem.

The wall outside will continue to freeze and be exposed to precipitation. But from the inside, a warm barrier will create condensation, which contributes to the formation of mold and fungal deposits. A slow destructive action will lead to deformation of the wall surface and, as a result, to new heat losses.

When heated, they should not emit toxic fumes. Also an important point is the absence of joint seams through which condensate can penetrate. Popular heaters: mineral wool, warm plaster, cork flooring- do not meet the required qualities for interior decoration.

Suitable heaters

An excellent solution for improving the energy-saving properties of a room is the use of underfloor heating technology on the walls with the appropriate finish. As a result, a two-layer surface with heating elements inside, if necessary, heat the wall, spreading heat over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe room. The advantage of this method lies in the affordable installation, simple finishing, ease of management. Fungus will not grow on a dry wall. However, gaining heat, electricity costs will increase, which is a disadvantage of using heating elements warm floor.
Polyurethane foam meets the requirements for internal insulation. The barrier created with its help is able to keep moisture, cold air flow and even noise from the street from entering the home. But the installation method is very specific and will require additional costs for formwork and waterproofing. In addition, further processing of the wall on polyurethane plaster is problematic. Therefore, it is necessary to establish an additional surface of drywall. Polyurethane foam will keep the heat in the room, and this is a big plus of the material. Installation makes internal insulation a difficult and costly way.
Penoplex by properties cannot be used for interior work. But if the installation is carried out taking into account all the requirements and recommendations, then the material can become a protection against the penetration of moisture and cold into the room. The advantage of polystyrene foam affordable price and convenient installation. The disadvantage is that the properties are not suitable for the use of the material indoors.
Penofol is a multilayer structure made of polyethylene foam. One side of it is covered with a film, the other with foil. The action of penofol resembles the principle of a thermos. To increase efficiency, it is most often used in addition to mineral wool. The advantage of this type of insulation is high rates of hydro, sound and thermal insulation. Installation is not difficult. The disadvantage can be considered a rise in price due to the use of several layers and the hygroscopicity of mineral wool, which can draw moisture onto itself.

It should be noted that all options for warming the room from the inside reduce the usable area. The wall can move from 7 cm to 15 cm into the room. When planning work, make sure that the final parameters of the home can accommodate all the furnishings.

Benefits of interior insulation work:

there is no need to involve installers;
there is no dependence on the season and weather;
the possibility of masking communications;
increase in sound insulation;
you can do the installation yourself.

Which to choose

The relevant criteria will help you make a reasonable choice of material for warming a room from the inside:

moisture resistance;
health safety;
low thermal conductivity;
lack of ability to ignite;
strength and durability.

The application technique is spraying with special equipment onto the surface of the binder. Excellent adhesive characteristics contribute to a quick connection to the main wall. The material is safe, as the composition does not contain toxic substances.

How to insulate with your own hands

An affordable way to increase the energy saving of an apartment can be done by installing high-density foam or foam plastic. To do this, you need tools:

Materials:

polystyrene PSB-S-25 (foam plastic);
vapor barrier film;
reinforcing mesh;
dowel;
glue for foam;
hardware;
profile corners;
primer;
antifungal additive;
sealant.

Walkthrough

It is necessary to start work with surface preparation. The old finish must be removed, and the walls treated with a special solution to remove fungal deposits. Work to be done at open windows because the antiseptic is toxic. After drying, in order to increase adhesion, a primer must be applied to the surface.
Cover foam or polystyrene boards with special glue and press firmly against the wall. The distance between sheets should be minimal. It is recommended to fix the plates with plate-shaped dowels for reliability.
Treat the joints of the insulation with sealants.
Cover the entire surface of the plates with glue and fix the reinforcing mesh. Treat the joints with an overlap of 10 cm. Then cover the entire mesh again with an even 2 mm layer of glue.
Fix a metal profile in the corners to enhance the strength of the structure.
The dry surface can then be treated with plaster or in another way.

The main requirement of the technology is to fill all voids and seams with hermetic material to avoid the formation of bridges for the flow of cold air and the occurrence of dampness.

Features of insulation of a corner apartment

Due to the blowing of two walls at once in a corner apartment, there is always room temperature an order of magnitude lower. To increase the heat, many residents install additional radiators. But even this measure does not bring the expected result. The corner of the outer wall is still subject to freezing. And the condensate brings unpleasant surprises. Manipulations with the heating system can only have preventive measures. For thermal protection, it will be necessary to insulate the walls, eliminating the formation of condensate.

Installation of foam boards in the usual way will not make it possible to fully use the wall surface. In addition, mechanical stress can damage the integrity of the material.

External thermal insulation of structures of a multi-storey building is a complex undertaking carried out by masters - high-altitude workers for the appropriate payment. An alternative solution that requires much lower costs is the insulation of walls from the inside. How to implement it correctly, read this article.

How to insulate the premises of the apartment

Thermal insulation of buildings is recommended to be performed from the outside, but this option is not always available to residents of high-rise buildings. Warming inside rooms is cheaper, but requires strict adherence to technology, otherwise dampness and mold will form in the thickness of the “pie”.

Important. The secret of internal thermal insulation is the creation of a barrier to the path of water vapor penetrating into the concrete enclosure from the room. In such structures, the dew point occurs at the junction of the insulation with the wall, which is why the steam that has fallen into this zone condenses. A small amount of moisture has time to weather out into the street, and a large amount accumulates and serves as a focus for the formation of fungus.

How can you insulate the internal surfaces of walls, floors and ceilings in a brick or panel house:

mineral wool sold in slabs and rolls;
polymeric materials based on polystyrene - polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam, often called foam plastic by the name of the brand;
polyethylene foam coated on one side with a reflective foil layer.

For thermal insulation of roofs, attics and walls of private houses, polyurethane foam is also used, applied through a spray gun using a compressor. Inexpensive this way you can’t name it, it is rarely used in apartments. Now let's analyze each insulation separately.

Properties of mineral wool

Commercially available mineral wool is made on the basis of glass and basalt fibers. Inside the apartment, it is better to use the second one, since glass wool is intended for outdoor work and insulation of cold roofs.

Basalt or stone wool has the following properties:

high fire resistance (can withstand temperatures up to 600 ° C);
good indicators of thermal conductivity - 0.05 W / (m ° C) in the operating mode;
the material is permeable to water vapor and is able to accumulate moisture;
The price starts from 27 USD. e. for 1 m³.

Reference. Mineral wool is produced in various densities: 35-60 kg/m³ in rolls, up to 200 kg/m³ in slabs.

Porous mineral wool products are suitable for external insulation of facades and internal insulation of walls wooden house, in particular, the frame. From the inside of buildings built of brick or reinforced concrete, the material should not be used due to high vapor permeability. In addition, cotton wool contains harmful dust and is inferior to polymers in thermal conductivity.

Polystyrene insulation

Materials in the form of solid boards are made of expanded polystyrene and are divided into 2 groups:

Polyfoam with density from 15 to 35 kg/m³.
Extruded polystyrene foam (otherwise - penoplex) with a density of 30-50 kg / m³.

It looks like foam in slabs

The difference between them lies in thermal conductivity, vapor permeability and price. Styrofoam is the cheapest insulation (from 32 cu per 1 m³), capable of passing water vapor in small quantities. Penoplex practically does not let vapor through, and in terms of thermal insulation ability it significantly exceeds foam plastic: the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.043 W / (m ° C) versus 0.053. The price of the "extruder" is decent - from 197 USD. e. per cubic meter.

Note. Both materials are equally combustible and have high hardness, but extruded polystyrene is more durable.

In an apartment where every meter of area counts, it is best to use penoplex and its derivatives for insulation with your own hands, regardless of high cost. If the budget is limited, you can take the foam, but carefully perform the vapor barrier, which will be discussed later.

Polyethylene foil products

Foamed polyethylene is produced in the form of thin sheets 6-10 mm thick with a layer of aluminum foil glued on one side. The role of the latter is to reflect infrared heat back into the room.

Reference. The material is often called by the names of popular brands - "Penofol" and "Isolon".

In terms of thermal insulation characteristics, "Penofol" is close to extruded polystyrene foam, and it repels moisture even better. There is no need to talk about the durability of polyethylene, this is a well-known fact. There is only one drawback: the products do not have the required thickness to create a serious obstacle to heat flow.

Polyethylene foam is an excellent addition to other heaters. It can act as a vapor barrier or serve as primary thermal insulation for balconies and loggias. Penofol should not be used as an independent material - due to the small thickness of the sheet, the application will not give the expected effect. More information about the choice of thermal insulation is described in the video:

Technology of internal thermal insulation

There are 2 ways of internal insulation of the walls of the apartment:

Mounting insulation directly on a leveled surface under plaster or wallpaper.
Installation of material on a subsystem of metal profiles for plasterboard lining.

The first method is used in order to save usable volume, when the walls are fairly even, and plasterboard finishing is not planned. The advantage of the second option is the ability to lay a thick layer of heat-insulating material.

Before you insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside, you need to prepare it: remove old wallpaper and falling off plaster, remove protrusions and repair cracks. It is highly recommended to prime the surface with an antibacterial composition for 2 times.

An important point. Direct fastening of the slab insulation to the surface is provided suitable type adhesive mixture. For mineral wool and foam, different compositions are used.

In order not to arrange additional vapor barrier of the "pie", it is better to glue extruded polystyrene foam 40-50 mm thick to the wall. More foam will be needed - 8-10 cm, and material with a density of 35 kg / m³ should be taken and fastened in 2 layers of 40 mm each with overlapping seams. The technology is like this:

Attention! It is not allowed to insulate the wall of the apartment, which is wet or covered with fungus from the inside. The surface must be clean and absolutely dry. How to properly insulate with foam, look at the video:

At the end of the work, you should wait for the complete solidification of the solution for 1-2 days, and then proceed to the further facing of the apartment. If it is planned to install drywall on a frame made of galvanized profiles, then the insulation is done as follows:

Advice. Instead of a conventional film, Penofol can be used as vapor insulation, only the canvases need to be laid end-to-end and glued with aluminum tape. This option is also suitable for a bathroom with high humidity.

If the inside is thermally insulated with foam plastic or foam plastic, use a frame made of wooden beams undesirable. Due to contact polymer material with organic, the latter will start to rot. The tree is excellent "friends" with mineral wool.

To prevent the wall from freezing from the side of the window in winter, do not forget to insulate the slopes with thin plates of extruded polystyrene foam. How to make the thermal insulation of an apartment under the cladding of the plasterboard, see the next video:

Floor and ceiling insulation

When above the apartment of the last floor is located cold attic or reinforced concrete ceiling, it is desirable to insulate the ceiling. Methods of work are similar to the thermal insulation of walls - gluing plates to the surface or installing a subsystem. The material is fixed to the ceiling with dowels in the form of umbrellas or self-tapping screws to the profiles.

Warming of the floors of the first floor is carried out in three ways:

from the inside under a cement-sand screed;
the same, on wooden logs;
outside, from the basement.

Floors can be insulated with high-density foam plastic 35 kg/m³, foam plastic and slab mineral wool 100 kg/m³. In the first case, the material is laid on a concrete floor, covered with a vapor barrier film and poured with a cement-sand mortar. In the second option, the insulation is laid between the lags, and in the third, it is attached to the slabs from the basement.

Conclusion

If you decide to insulate the apartment with your own hands, then it is better to do this during the repair process. All external fences of the premises should be sheathed with insulation at the same time, and not postpone the thermal insulation of ceilings or floors for the next time. Also pay attention to the efficiency of ventilation: after insulation, the dwelling should not turn into a thermos, water vapor must be removed with a hood.

Many would probably like to know how to insulate an apartment with their own hands. Old Soviet-built houses are mostly poorly insulated. The central heating systems are very worn out. We will talk about how to properly perform such work later in the article.

Stages of warming

How to prepare an apartment for winter? The order of work in this case should be as follows:

Insulation of windows and doors.
Replacement of old heating radiators.
Wall insulation.
Insulation of the ceiling and floor.
Efficient ventilation device.

So, let's figure out how to insulate an apartment, in more detail.

Window insulation with rubber bands

The answer to the question of how to insulate an apartment depends, among other things, on how tight the windows are in it. Of course, dry wooden structures it is best to replace with new plastic ones. However, sometimes it happens that the funds for this are not enough. In this case, you will have to insulate the old windows. How to do it right? There are several methods for isolating such structures:

Use of rubber seals.
Seal gaps between frames.
Sticking with strips of fabric, paper or tape.

Rubber seals are sold in hardware stores and are narrow tapes made of foam rubber or one of the varieties of soft polymer. Warming with their help is extremely simple. The tape is attached to the frame by means of an adhesive layer on it. When performing this procedure, you need to try not to stretch the material.

caulk insulation

Having wondered how to insulate the apartment inside, you should also pay attention to the gaps between the frames and the opening. Sometimes they are very wide. Using a sealant in this case may not help. Large gaps are best sealed. To do this, you can use rags, pieces of foam rubber, or even just paper. On top of the caulk, all surfaces should be sealed with masking tape or tape.

Use of putty for sealing windows

There is another answer to the question of how to properly insulate an apartment by sealing windows. You can close the gaps using putties specially designed for this. Such mixtures are applied with the help. Recently, transparent sealants are also often used to insulate windows. The technology of insulation in this case is no different from the method of insulation with ordinary alabaster putty. In the event that the sealant accidentally gets on the glass, it is not necessary to wash it. Remove it with a sharp blade after solidification.

Replacement of heating radiators

It is also cold in high-rise buildings due to the low efficiency of old heating radiators. Therefore, having wondered how to insulate an apartment, of course, you should also think about replacing them. Do this in the warm season, before the start of the heating season. The order of work in this case is as follows:

Cut off old radiators.
Marking is done on the wall, brackets are nailed.
The new battery is hung on the wall. Nuts included in the kit are screwed onto all its four outlet pipes.
Further, inlet and outlet taps are screwed to two of them (diagonally at the top and bottom), with tow winding and thread coating with paste.
Opposite the first reverse side radiator, a Mayevsky crane is installed.
The remaining branch pipe is closed with a special plug.

The method of connecting radiators described above is called diagonal. There are also side and bottom mounts. In the first case, both taps - both inlet and outlet - are screwed on one side of the battery, at the top and bottom. The air release device and the plug, respectively, are installed on the other. When connecting to the bottom, both valves are attached to the right and left to the lower branch pipes. The Mayevsky crane is always installed opposite the element supplying the coolant.

How to increase the efficiency of heating batteries

How to insulate an apartment with your own hands by replacing heating radiators, you now know. Here are some tips on how to make their work more efficient. So:

If it is cold in your apartment, in no case should you cover the batteries with decorative panels.
When radiators are placed in too deep niches under the windows, they will heat much worse.
The battery should be about 5 cm from the wall, and not less than 10 cm from the floor and window sill.

Wall insulation with mineral wool

Thus, we have considered how to insulate an apartment from the inside by closing windows and balcony door and replacement of heating radiators. Next, consider how to properly insulate walls. This procedure consists of several stages:

The walls are thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt.
The crate is mounted under the drywall sheets. The easiest way to make it is from a beam of width corresponding to the thickness of the insulation.
Between the purlins, mineral wool slabs are inserted by surprise.
Further, they are additionally fixed to the wall with dowels - "fungi".
On top of the mounted insulation boards, it is stretched. Unfortunately, it is located inside the walls themselves when insulating the room from the inside. Therefore, the insulating material must be carefully protected against the formation of condensation on it. For this purpose, vapor barriers are used. It can be an ordinary thick polyethylene film or some of its modern substitutes. The vapor barrier strips are fixed horizontally, starting from the bottom. Fix them to the crate with thin bars.
Next, drywall sheets are mounted on the resulting counter-lattice.
On final stage walls are painted or wallpapered.

Surface insulation with polystyrene foam

There is another answer to the question of how to insulate an apartment from the inside by lining the walls. This can be done with rigid polystyrene foam boards. The walls are also thoroughly cleaned, degreased and primed. Then they are glued on. In this case, special adhesives designed for foam plastics are used. In this case, the crate is not stuffed. Plates are fixed to the wall apart. Begin installation from the bottom - from the floor. At the corners of the slab, cut to the required width with a sharp knife. In addition to the walls, they are fixed with “fungus” dowels. Next, seal all joints with white mounting foam. After that, the surface of the walls is covered with a special adhesive composition, into which the reinforcing is pressed. At the final stage, the walls are finished with decorative or ordinary plaster.

Use of Styrofoam

Sometimes the insulation of apartments is carried out with foam. This material has a low degree of thermal conductivity and is very inexpensive. The answer to the question of how to insulate an apartment with foam plastic is also not too complicated. The procedure for performing work in this case is exactly the same as when insulating surfaces with polystyrene foam. The only thing is that you need to handle foam sheets as carefully as possible. The problem is that they can be broken very easily.

How to insulate the ceiling

Of course, the answer to the question of how to effectively insulate an apartment inside also depends on how well it can hold. This is especially true for apartments located on upper floors. The method is absolutely no different from the wall insulation method. The only thing - in this case, you need to pay maximum attention to fixing the plates to the surface. If you can not use dowels - "fungi" when insulating the walls, then when installing the insulator to the ceiling, their use is considered mandatory. Otherwise, the plates will simply fall.

How to insulate the floor

The question of how to insulate an apartment with your own hands, if it is located on the ground floor, also comes down to how to isolate the floors. To do this, first remove the fine finish. Next, remove the old boards. The opened lags need to be smeared with antifungal and boosting refractory properties wood compositions. Then, insulation boards are laid between them. In this case, you can use both mineral wool and polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene. The thickness of the insulation should be slightly less than the width of the lag. This is necessary so that eventually a ventilation gap remains between it and the new floorboard. At the next stage, a vapor barrier is mounted on top of the insulation. Attach it to the logs on thin slats (two on each side). Next, proceed to stuffing the board.

In the event that you wondered how to insulate a corner apartment, wall, floor and ceiling insulation would be the best answer to it. The fact is that in such premises the structures freeze through much more than in ordinary ones. This is especially true for corners.

Ventilation device

So, how to insulate a cold apartment, you now know. However, after the walls, floor and ceiling are insulated, the room may become stuffy and damp. Therefore, at the final stage, you should definitely take care of the device for effective ventilation. by the most simple option there will be a purchase of a ready-made system. However, such equipment is very expensive. Therefore, in the standard small apartment you can use a slightly different method of ventilation. To do this, before installing the insulation in the outer walls under the windows, holes are drilled with a diameter of about 10 cm. Exactly the same will need to be done in the “pie” of the wall insulation.

It is very easy to check the correct operation of the common house ventilation shaft. To do this, you will need to bring a lit lighter to the grates in the kitchen and toilet. If the flame begins to noticeably deviate from the vertical axis, then everything is in order. The ventilation is working properly. If this does not happen, you will have to contact the management company and call specialists for verification.

We hope that now you more or less understand how to insulate an apartment in a high-rise building with your own hands correctly. Having completed all the activities described above, you can make your home as comfortable as possible for living in the cold season.

How to insulate an apartment from the outside

Since the method of isolation from the outside is considered much more effective, despite the complexity of implementation, sometimes it is also used for insulation. However, such a procedure can be carried out independently only when the apartment is located on the first or, in extreme cases, on the second floor. To isolate the premises located above, you will have to call specialists. Next, consider how to insulate an apartment from the outside in stages:

First of all, a crate is stuffed on the walls.
Further, heat insulator plates are inserted between the bars.
The walls are covered with a waterproofing film fastened to the bars.
Siding in progress.

When installing insulation boards, it is very important to make sure that they cover all joints around the perimeter of the apartment.