A roof with a warm attic does not imply its use for any purpose. The attic has been turned into a ventilation chamber, in which the outlets of all ventilation ducts of residential premises are collected, and from there the air is already removed through a common ventilation shaft. Sewer risers are also brought out there, sections of circulation pipelines are being laid.

At the same time, no holes are made in the outer walls.

Design features of a warm attic

In practice, the area under the roof is heated by warm air coming from the premises through the ventilation hood, so the temperature there in winter is much higher than the outside. This explains its name - "warm". At the same time, increased protection of enclosing structures and their thorough sealing should be provided. Thermal insulation in this structure is in the ventilation zone. There is no danger of moisture, but even if moisture accidentally gets on the insulation, it will have time to dry safely. At the same time, numerous ventilation ducts are not brought out to the roof and do not violate the integrity of the roof: only one exhaust shaft is arranged for each section of the building.

The necessary mode of operation of ventilation can be provided only with the arrangement of the internal space within each of the sections of the house as a single hermetic volume. To exclude unorganized air exchange between adjacent sections, a dividing wall should be installed, which is made of non-combustible materials and is equipped with a sealed fire-resistant hatch or door.

According to sanitary standards exhausts from the garbage chute and sewerage should not be discharged into the volume of the attic of this type. The same restriction also applies to channels from rooms with industrial hazards. The exhaust sections of the sewer risers are combined with cast-iron pipes and, bypassing the attic, are led out through the exhaust shaft through one pipe.

An exhaust shaft for air outlet to the atmosphere is installed on the floor. To find the height and cross section of the ventilation shaft, ventilation is calculated, the only thing, according to building codes, her top mark starts from 4.5 m from the level of the attic floor. In the case when the shaft is adjacent to any room located under the cover, say, to the machine room of the elevator, then its height is determined half a meter higher than the cover of the adjacent room.

The operation of the ventilation must be checked with the door to the ventilation chamber and the intersection tightly closed.

Roof benefits

• Elimination of adjunctions and openings around ventilation units increases the durability of the roof.
• It becomes possible to inspect and maintain the roof in the heat, as a free approach to communications and roofing elements is provided.
• Reduced overall building losses.
• The comfort of living in the premises of the upper floors is improved, leaks and freezing are excluded.
• Normal ventilation is ensured by increasing the pressure in the ventilation system.
• The elimination of ventilation units simplifies roof structures.
• In regions with significant rainfall and strong winds precipitation is prevented.

Nuances of technical solutions

• It is more expedient to design warm attics in buildings of nine or more floors with the obligatory performance of careful aerodynamic calculations.

• A room of this type within the planned section is performed as a single space. Insulation of the attic roof is:
  1. roofing insulation
  2. sealing dead zones of the floor structure above the upper floors.

What are these zones? If the ventilation units, as is often the case during design, are concentrated in the area of ​​​​the staircase. This is practically the central part - the zone in which the mine is also located, and they all function normally. As for the remote parts of the room, the warm air emitted by the ventilation units does not reach them properly, and they do not have time to warm up. In such cases, it is recommended to perform additional insulation, otherwise cold will constantly be felt under the dead zones.

• The insulation must be laid at the level of the attic and above the loggia, otherwise the formation of "cold bridges" is possible, which will cause the cold ceiling to get wet.
• The entrance from the side is equipped with a tightly closing door without gaps and cracks.
• The heads of the ventilation blocks that open into the attic space are completed with diffusers that face the direction of the exhaust shaft.
• Only one shaft is required for each section of a residential building. It is mounted on a coating with an inlet at the level of its lower surface. The walls of the shaft must not be lowered onto the attic floor and side holes must not be arranged in them to remove air. The possibility of blowing through the shaft on at least three sides must be provided for in the design of its head. On the floor last floor under the mine, regardless of its design, arrange a pallet
• In space, if possible, there should be no roof structural elements: walls, beams, pylons, crossbars, etc., which would prevent the free movement of air towards the exhaust shaft.

The device of warm attics in buildings with a complex configuration, having an offset in height or a rugged profile within the section, is impractical.

Description:

In the vast majority of cases, residential buildings are equipped with a natural ventilation system. It is known that the main disadvantage of these systems is the low available pressure. Therefore, as a rule, if the exhaust air is discharged through ventilation shafts, to which exhaust air from apartments is supplied through collection ducts, then a lot of problems arise with the ventilation of the upper floors: it is difficult to reconcile the available pressure, determined by the insignificant height of the shaft (1 m above the roof), with rather large aerodynamic resistance of prefabricated channels and shafts with an umbrella. As an element of the natural exhaust ventilation system, a warm attic appeared in the 1970s.

Ventilation of residential buildings with a warm attic

Flow rates through exhaust grilles and supply valves at different outdoor temperatures and in the attic, the doors are closed

The residential building is served by natural ventilation systems with two-way satellites connected to the shaft and unregulated exhaust grilles. In all apartments, regardless of size, the same ventilation systems are installed, because in the building in question, even in three-room apartments, air exchange is determined not by the intake rate (3 m 3 / h per m 2 of living space), but by the exhaust rate from the kitchen, bathroom and toilet (110 m 3 / h in total). The height of the exhaust shaft above the floor of the warm attic is 6 m.

Calculations of the air regime of the building were performed for the following outdoor temperatures: 5 °С (calculated for ventilation); -3.1 °С (average heating season in Moscow); -28 °С (calculated for heating) with wind at a speed of 0 m/s; 3.8 m/s (average for the heating period); 4.9 m/s (calculated for window density selection).

The air temperature inside the warm attic in the calculated winter period(at t n \u003d -28 ° С) changed from 18 to 5 ° С (issues of water vapor condensation were not considered), in the middle of the heating period at an outdoor temperature of -3.1 ° С, the temperature in the attic was equated to 19 and 10 ° С, and at a design temperature for ventilation of 5 °C, respectively, 20 and 12 °C.

The calculation results showed that at an attic temperature of 20 °C, during the calculation period for ventilation (t n = 5 °C and calm weather), the adopted ventilation system with ventilation units and supply valves on the upper floors does not provide standard air exchange of 110 m 3 / h (due to the narrowed sections of the ventilation network trunk and due to the installation of supply valves instead of open vents provided for by the ventilation calculation). On fig. 2 shows the change in air flow through the ventilation grills and supply valves along the height of the building in various weather conditions at various air temperatures in a warm attic. These results refer to a two-room apartment of two-way orientation.

From fig. 2 shows that a moderate drop in air temperature in a warm attic (to the temperatures indicated above) has practically no effect on the air exchange of apartments on the lower floors and slightly (by 10-15% at t n = -28 ° C and by 20-25% at t h = 5 °C) reduces the air exchange of the upper floors. It is clear that with a slight available pressure for the upper floors in the calculated period for ventilation in calm weather, a reduction in available pressure due to a decrease in temperature in a warm attic is undesirable, but not fatal. With the wind, the air exchange of the apartments of the upper floors located on the windward facade and double-sided apartments increases, the decrease in the temperature of the warm attic affects much less even for the upper floors.

In a building without a warm attic, with exhaust shafts rising 3 m above the floor of a cold attic, air exchanges are slightly lower than in a building with a warm attic, as can be seen from Fig. 3.

Unauthorized opening of doors from the stairwell to the warm attic at t n = -28 °C has little effect on the operation of the ventilation system, which follows from Fig. 4. Additional opening of the doors to the apartment on the top floor, to the apartment hall, to the stairs, to the street also does not lead to significant changes. When calculated for ventilation t n \u003d 5 ° C and no wind, the effect of door opening is also small. However, when the wind appears and the door to the attic is opened, cases of overturning ventilation on the upper five floors are very likely.

Figure 4 Air flow rates through exhaust grilles at different options opening doors to the attic at an outside temperature of 5 °C 1 - in the absence of wind, closed doors to the attic 2 - at a wind speed of 3.8 m / s, closed doors to the attic 3 - in the absence of wind and open door in the attic 4 - in the absence of wind, an open door to the attic, in the apartment and in the hall 5 - in the absence of wind, an open door to the attic, to stairwell and at the entrance to the building

These results do not cancel the desires, generally recognized for all types of natural ventilation systems, to competently design the ventilation system itself and have individual fans in individual channels for the last floors. At the same time, it is desirable to keep in mind that when installing supply valves, the resistance of the ventilation tract increases and the number of upper floors where fans are needed can increase to four.

conclusions

1. Natural ventilation system in residential buildings with a warm attic, it can work without tipping over even if the air temperature in the attic drops to 5 °С during the calculated winter period (at t n = -28 °С) and during the calculated period for ventilation at an outdoor air temperature of 5 °С to 12 °С.

2. Opening doors to the attic has little effect on the ventilation of apartments during the entire heating period in calm weather. In the presence of wind, overturning of ventilation on the upper five floors can be observed at outdoor air temperatures above 0 °C.

Literature

1. SNiP 2.08.01-89*. Residential buildings. 1999.

2. MGSN 2.01-99. Energy saving in buildings. Standards for thermal protection and heat and water supply.

3. Biryukov S. V., Dianov S. N. Expanding the capabilities of the AIR program for calculating the air regime of a building // Modern systems heat and gas supply and ventilation. Sat. tr. MGSU. M.: MGSU, 2003.

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According to design features There are attic and combined or non-attic roofs.

Roofs without an attic, in turn, are:

• ventilated (having drying layers or grooves);
• unventilated.

A ventilated non-attic roof has air exchange due to wind and thermal pressure, which is formed in the cavities of the drying layers.

Attic roofs are divided into 3 types:

• with cold;
• with warm;
• with an open attic.

Rooftops with cold attics

Houses with cold attics appeared around the middle of the 20th century in Moscow. Buildings with such roofs were for public and residential purposes, and compared to buildings with bituminous roofs, they were guaranteed to be used for a long time. Around the same time, roofs equipped with semi-passage attics began to appear in the capital of the Soviet Union.

The design solution of the cold loft roof provides that the air leaving the ventilation ducts is directed directly to the atmosphere. To do this, the channels are combined within the sections using ventilation ducts. Thus, the number of intersections of the roof with the rolled carpet is reduced. As a result of natural ventilation, the required temperature is maintained in the attic, which does not create conditions for condensation and frost formation at the lower points. roof panels. This method of ventilation prevents heat loss in the premises of the building.

The advantages of roofs having cold attic:

• since the number of intersections of superstructures protruding above the roof surfaces and other elements with a rolled carpet is minimized, its reliable waterproofing is ensured;
• there is access to the attic, allowing you to inspect and maintain the roof;
• it is possible to use the attic for domestic needs;
• due to the limited amount of heat that enters the attic from the premises, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bsurfaces that give off heat decreases.

To provide an exit, you need to know how to make a hole in the attic from the side of the room, since it is often done independently. A standard manhole to the attic, as in the photo, with a size of 60x120 centimeters, makes it possible to safely go to the roof for maintenance. Ladder to the attic from the room requires light, but strong enough.

Roofs with warm attics

This design of the attic assumes that its ceiling does not have thermal insulation, and the common static pressure chamber, hermetically isolated in each section, is the closed space of the attic. The air coming from the lower floors into the warm attic is removed into the atmosphere through a common hood. The attic space is heated by the air exhausted by ventilation units located at a height of 60 centimeters above its floor. The enclosing structures of a warm attic are carefully sealed and provide them with increased thermal protection.

Advantages of roofs with a warm attic:

• the service life of the roof as a whole is increased due to the fact that there are no holes and junctions around the ventilation units;
• the heat loss of the premises located in the building is reduced;
• it is possible to inspect and repair the roof in the heat;
• living on the upper floors becomes more comfortable, since there are no leaks and freezing;
• normal air exchange is ensured by increasing the pressure in the system.

Rooftops with open attics

An open attic is a roof structure in which the attic is thermally insulated. Outside air enters the attic through holes 70 by 30 centimeters, which are located along its perimeter in increments of 1 meter. The air is removed from the premises with the help of exhaust. open design- This is a combined system of functioning of warm and cold attics. The principle of its operation is based on the fact that a large mass of cool air from outside enters the attic space, absorbs moisture and takes it out of the premises.

Advantages of roofs with an open attic:

• a small number of intersections of the roof and protruding elements ensures the reliability of the roof;
• a normal mode of operation is created in residential premises;
• the floors of such attics are made of thin slabs, they do not require insulation, they are inexpensive;
• to prevent heat loss, you can use any insulation with free laying on the attic floor.

Disadvantages of roofs with an open attic:

• the possibility of precipitation entering the attic;
• insufficient power exhaust ventilation on the upper floors of the building due to the small height of the heads;
• lack of necessary heat exchange in winter.

Rollless reinforced concrete roof

This type of roof construction can have an attic passage, or semi-passage, or impassable. Instead of the usual attic spaces, protection from adverse weather conditions is performed by special reinforced concrete elements, which are entrusted with the function of covering the roof. Waterproofing measures for them are carried out in order to protect external elements from destruction.

At the construction of a warm attic automatically implies roof insulation. They insulate it from the inside, while insulating the attic with your own hands is a lot of operations, each of which requires accuracy. Errors in work, albeit minor, can later lead to serious destruction of roof structures. The danger is that shortcomings may show up too late, when it will be problematic to correct them. By using modern materials question, how to make a warm attic, you can solve it quite qualitatively, and you will learn how to do it on this page.

The choice of insulation for the attic

For roof insulation, almost any insulation is suitable. For example, now popular polyurethane foam (PPU), in addition, mineral wool, polystyrene foam (known to most as polystyrene foam). Filling insulation, in particular expanded clay, is suitable for overlapping.

The thickness of the insulating layer is taken depending on the area, based on the heat engineering calculation. When laying the slab mineral wool, or rolled insulation, should fit tightly into the space between the beams, and also press well against each other so that the insulation layer is a single whole. The seams between the foam plates are filled with mounting foam.

Insulating materials have a certain thermal conductivity, the lower it is, the better the material will save heat. Figure 1 shows the thermal conductivity of the most popular heaters.

How to insulate the attic with your own hands

Work is performed as follows:

1. We check the serviceability of all, especially those that will close during insulation. The tree is treated with antiseptics, we repair problem areas.

2. We check the integrity of the vapor barrier (if any). If necessary, we carry out the installation of a vapor barrier. We patch the places of damage to the existing vapor barrier with a repair tape.

3. We check the presence of a ventilation gap of 40-50 mm between the roof and the vapor barrier, if we use min. wool for insulation. It is necessary for ventilation of the under-roof space and removal of moisture from the insulation. We also check whether there is a gap on the roof overhang, through which air must flow between the roof and the insulation. The air should come out on the roof ridge, providing traction, we also check there if there are any gaps. If suddenly this is not, it is necessary to provide. Vent. a gap when using mineral wool for roof insulation is mandatory, otherwise min. cotton wool will not be ventilated, will be saturated with moisture and eventually lose its thermal insulation properties.

4. The space between the elements is neatly filled heat-insulating material if the layer thickness is insufficient, an additional layer of insulation is placed on top. The joints of the insulation are placed perpendicular to the legs of the rafters, while the joints of the layers must overlap. Bulk insulation is used to insulate the ceiling.

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Users of the site are well aware that the appearance of the house largely depends on the shape of its roof. Any homeowner would like his cottage not only to look spectacular, but also to be functional, warm and comfortable. Therefore, even at the stage of choosing a project, we choose a cold attic or a warm roof. We will figure out what to do better, more functional and more economically feasible.

In our material, we have collected the most common questions that will help you make a final decision.

From this article you will learn:

• What is the attic of the building and what room is called the attic;
• What is the difference between a warm attic and a cold attic;
• What features can a cold attic and a warm attic have;
• Is there any benefit from building a cold attic or is it better to build a warm attic;
• How to properly insulate the attic;
• What is the difference skylights from the usual.

Attic versus attic

Every year, building land prices are growing more and more, and therefore many owners of their own homes often think about whether there is a way to “increase” the usable area of ​​​​the house by small area. The easiest option is to increase the height of the house, build a two-story cottage with an unheated attic. Or go the other way and build a house with a warm attic. Both options have their pros and cons, which we will discuss below. And for starters, let's decide what is the attic of the building, and what is the attic.

Vera Vavilova Managing company "DDM-Stroy", Moscow.

An attic is a non-residential space between the ceiling of the last floor and the roof of the building. The attic is the space between the ceiling of the last floor and the roof of the house, which is already used as a living space.

Due to its design, the attic creates a well-ventilated buffer space under the roof. This means that it is much easier to provide ventilation of the under-roof space in the attic through dormer windows than in the attic.

On two sides, the attic has gables that are straight vertically, and on the other two, the facades are formed by surfaces of an inclined or sloping roof. Thus, the attic ceiling is also a roof.

Roman NakonechnyHead of the construction department of the company "RonasGroup"

The main difference between the attic and the attic is the purpose of the premises. While an insulated attic is called a full-fledged living space, a cold attic is intended solely for storage.

Anton Borisov Expert of TechnoNIKOL Corporation

By tradition, attic spaces between the ceiling and the roof are either used as a warehouse for household equipment, or not used at all. But the attic can become an additional living space: a guest room, an office or a nursery.

The advantage of an attic, compared to an attic, is that it allows you to create additional living space without increasing the overall height of the house and without adding an additional floor.

It should be remembered that finishing the attic, like any other room, requires additional investment, while equipping the attic can be done at minimal cost.

The advantages of the attic are also the simplicity of its construction and the possibility of easy access from inside the premises of the second floor to inspect the roof, if necessary, repair the roof, in case of leakage, etc.

It should also be remembered that in order to enter the under-roof space, it is necessary to equip a separate entrance leading to the attic. Usually, a hatch with a retractable or folding vertical ladder is made for this.

Sergey Petrov Architect at Home in the Woods

In the attic floor, you can make additional rooms, thereby reducing the area of ​​​​the house relative to the site, reducing the cost of foundation, roofing and external walls. This is important, because the foundation with the roof is the most expensive elements in the house.

Great advantage attic floor lies in the fact that there you can arrange sleeping areas for adults and children separately. But the attic is just an empty area.

Vera Vavilova

When constructing an attic, you get an uninhabitable void between the floor and the roof. The advantage of an attic is savings. The insulation is laid only on the ceiling, reducing its consumption, and the resulting attic space creates an air gap. Gables can remain cold, which also leads to savings.

Unlike the attic, a warm attic requires warming of the gables. Roof insulation is carried out according to the relief of the roof, which gives a much greater consumption of insulation than in the case of an attic.

The attic floor implies a straight ceiling of the last floor, which greatly limits the design possibilities of the room. When constructing an attic, the truss system can be made visible, which gives a unique design to the room and gives a special flavor to the space.

The attic ceiling is not made straight, but along the internal relief of the roof, and you get a large volumetric space that can be beautifully beaten in the interior.

Vera Vavilova:

The second floor must have a height of at least 2.5 m in order to live comfortably on it. All external walls of the house and internal partitions you need to raise to the height of the second floor. Accordingly, spend the material and pay for the work. External walls must have adequate insulation, depending on the material of the house. Further above the second floor you have an attic, the construction of which will also take material and labor payment.

The main benefit of building an attic and a full-fledged second floor is the usable area of ​​the second floor. You get a second floor of equal height, comfortable for living. You do not have a problem whether the cabinet will stand against the wall. You do not have low "pockets" that you need to beat in the interior and think about how they can be used functionally.

Non-residential attic space can be used as a pantry, which also significantly increases the usable area of ​​the house.

Sergey Petrov

Very often they make a cold attic, believing that it is expensive to insulate the roof. However, the pie in the attic, in the floors of the upper floor of the attic, has almost the same view . It is still necessary to insulate the ceiling of the second floor, but it can be much more profitable to reduce the area of ​​​​the roof and foundation itself, plus the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwalls and ceilings. As an interior designer, I can say that attic rooms with pitched ceilings always become a source of special mood, they are not boring and very picturesque, most importantly – beat them correctly.

But, as with any construction, everything should be approached deliberately, carefully weighing all the pros and cons.

Roman Nakonechny

The cost of building a cold attic can be several times lower than building and finishing a dwelling. If roof insulation is required both during the construction of the attic and during the construction of the attic (these costs are approximately equivalent), then additional funds will be required to finish the dwelling, such as interior decoration walls, floors, ceilings, space heating, as well as its furnishing.

Many people think that designing an attic is much more difficult than an attic, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of a house project. But, as experience shows, this is not at all the case.

Roman Nakonechny

Designing an attic is slightly more expensive than an attic. It's just that the project will take into account the living quarters, their location, and the area of ​​​​the rooms will be given special attention in order to subsequently be comfortable living in them.

The attic will also be included in the project, just the requirements for its location and area will be less, but the work for designing the attic will still have to be paid for by the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. The main thing when designing an attic – carefully consider the height of the walls and ceiling.

Sergey Petrov

Roman Nakonechny

The height of the attic is measured along the side wall, the comfortable height of the wall is from 1.5 m.

With such a height of the walls, it is possible to attic room walk at full height, and in the lowest places place either sleeping places or storage places.

Vera Vavilova

When designing an attic, there are a number of nuances that must be taken into account, and which you can not think about when designing attic floor- height in rooms, etc.

In the attic, it is necessary to arrange the rooms in such a way that it does not turn out that the shower cabin does not fit into the bathroom, or that there is nowhere to put a closet in the bedroom.

The height of the second floor under the attic floor is at least 2.5 m - it is comfortable for people of average height and there are no problems with furniture arrangement.

In order for the attic to be functional, the side walls are usually raised by 1.2 - 1.4 m, getting, depending on the size of the house, about 3.5 - 4 m in the ridge. Then you will have a volumetric space that visually increases the area of ​​the second floor due to the volume of the premises.

In the attic room, the roof can start directly from the floor, since in the technical space there is no need to make a full height, it is not needed for storing things. The useful area of ​​​​the attic depends only on the height of the side wall. The maximum height of the side wall should not exceed 2-2.5 meters, otherwise it will already turn out to be a full-fledged floor, and not an attic.

Sergey Petrov

If you make plans for the second floor in advance with an approximate arrangement of furniture, it will be clear where you can place power elements, for example, poles. Not only will the pillar look very good in rooms with pitched roofs, but it will also carry the load. Truss structures for supporting the roof also look very good. I know from my own experience that with a roof slope of about 30 degrees or more, a little usable area is eaten up, only about a meter under the slopes.

Design features of the attic and attic

If the construction of a full-fledged second floor and a cold attic is carried out according to schemes worked out over the years (the main – pay attention to reliable vapor and waterproofing), then the construction of the attic requires great knowledge and imposes increased requirements on the qualifications of builders. And any mistake made at the attic design stage can lead to costly repairs in the future.

As noted above, the attic significantly increases the "living" area, gives the house expressiveness, transforming it and improving it. The main thing is that all construction work – insulation, vapor barrier and roof ventilation – were carried out in accordance with the established requirements.

If the roof truss system is subjected to heavy loads, then some of its constituent elements must be made of beams from glued laminated timber. These can withstand a much greater load than the rafters from a regular board. Small spans, the load on which is insignificant, require the use of rafters from a dry planed board with a section specified by the project.

But the most important thing is a properly laid and insulated "roofing cake". It depends on it whether it will be warm and comfortable on your attic floor, whether condensation will accumulate and the roof will leak.

Vera Vavilova

The size of the beams on the attic floor, as in any building, is determined by the length of the unsupported span. If the project provides for a large under-roof space without walls, then the truss system can be reliably and beautifully made from truss structures.

They will help to organize a reliable roof structure, giving the room a unique modern design.

When constructing an attic floor, special attention should be paid to high-quality roof insulation.

Anton Borisov

When it comes to living quarters, it is logical to assume that such a room, first of all, should be comfortable for living and, most importantly, warm, especially if the house is used for year-round living. To make a warm attic out of a cold attic, it is necessary to insulate the floor and roof slopes.

When insulating a roof, the following conditions must be observed:

• Moisture should not accumulate in the insulation;
• The thickness of the thermal insulation layer must correspond to a certain size (according to the thermal calculation), sufficient to keep the heat in the room in winter and summer.

Therefore, for the best performance of your roof, it is necessary to provide a vapor barrier layer. – to cut off the steam coming from the room. It is also necessary to apply a certain thickness of the thermal insulation layer, according to the calculation for a particular region, and it is also necessary to provide a ventilated gap between the thermal insulation layer and the roofing.

Roman Nakonechny

For proper insulation the attic necessarily needs steam and waterproofing. Mineral wool can be used as a heater for pitched roofs. In this case, the insulation is mounted with an overlap in order to avoid cold bridges.

The second option is to use extruded polystyrene foam as a heater.

Also, when constructing an attic, special attention should be paid to the ventilation of the insulation.

Sergey Petrov

You can use rafters with a section of 200x50 mm, and take the thickness of mineral wool at 150 mm. Since the insulation must breathe, the difference in the thickness of the rafters and wool, in essence, is the air.

In order for the insulation not to pick up moisture, air vents must be made when installing the attic, otherwise after a couple of years the insulation will lose its thermal properties.

A standard attic roof pie looks like this:

• roofing;
• crate;
• Counter-lattice;
• Diffusion film (hydro and wind insulation);
• Air layer;
• insulation;
• Vapor barrier;
• Internal lining.

Vera Vavilova

The "roofing cake" of the attic floor must necessarily include vapor barrier, insulation and waterproofing. Under no circumstances can steam or waterproofing be excluded!

Any finishing covering of a roof assumes such filling. The thickness of the insulation must be at least 200 mm. It is more convenient and efficient to use mineral plate heaters. It is also very important to properly insulate the junctions. truss system to the walls. These are weak points where cold bridges can form. Facing panels made of wood or plastic are inserted into the vertical grooves between adjacent rafters. They are inserted from the inner and outer edges of the wall. A heater (200 mm thick) is laid between the facing boards, which protects the areas on the upper edge of the outer walls from heat leakage from the room and heat penetration in the summer.

Also, when constructing an attic, special requirements are placed on skylights. Since they are exposed to an aggressive environment and are exposed to adverse weather conditions, it is especially important to maintain tightness at the junction with the roof so that there are no leaks.

Features of attic floor insulation

When choosing a house project with a full-fledged second floor and a cold attic, it is extremely important to ensure that the money spent on heating does not fly out the pipe. To do this, it is necessary to properly insulate the attic floor, which is at the same time the ceiling of the second floor and the floor of the attic. After all, rising up, the heat from the house escapes through the attic.

The attic floor pie (step and lag thickness) will largely depend on the thickness of the insulation. And to select the thickness of the insulation, first of all, it is necessary to make a thermal calculation.

For the same thermotechnical calculations different types structures - floors, walls, roofs - must have different thermal resistances. Depending on this design, in the end we get different thicknesses of TIs. In the attic floor, it is one, and in the design of the attic floor, it is different.

The very design of the attic floor will be similar to the design of the attic floors, namely:

• Base;
• insulation;
• Ballast (prefabricated screed with finish coating, etc.).

Attic floor insulation can be done in several ways. Depending on the type of base, insulation can be performed both on reinforced concrete floors and on hardwood floors. But the main stages of warming are similar in both cases.

Extruded polystyrene foam slabs are laid on a leveled floor base, and then a prefabricated screed or cement-sand mixture. And only then the finish coating is mounted on it.

How to insulate the ceiling of a cold attic.

Also, our forum member talks about creating a lead to the attic. Here you will find a discussion for a "cold" roof. Watch a video about the features of the roof system of aerated concrete houses.