“Medicinal plants of the native land. "Plants of the native land" presentation for the lesson on the world around (middle, senior, preparatory group) on the topic How to protect the plants of the native land

Organization: SBEI LPR "Preschool educational institution "Ivushka"

Location: Luhanska People's Republic, Rovenki

Abstract an integrated lesson for children of the middle group.

Medicinal plants of the native land. Kalina.

Program content of the lesson: deepen children's knowledge about viburnum and its healing properties.

To acquaint preschoolers with the traditions of the people. Enrich children's vocabulary with new words and expressions. Develop observation and a desire to explore the world. Cultivate respect for your health, love for your native nature. Develop creativity and accuracy while doing work - gluing material (viburnum branches) onto landscape sheets of paper.

Material and equipment for the lesson: a bunny toy, a sprig of viburnum with berries, illustrations depicting a viburnum bush, viburnum jam, tea utensils, napkins, gouache, album sheets of paper.

Lesson progress:

Educator: Children, today I invited a bunny to visit us, but for some reason it is not there. Apparently, something happened to him ... Maybe he got sick? You need to go to visit him, what if he needs help?

And where does the little hare live, what do you think?

(Suggested answers of children).

Educator: Let's sing a song about it dear.

Oh, you little bunny!

Where do you live? Where is your house?

And my house is over the hill,

Near the tree and oak.

(Children go in search of a hare and find him. He is ill and is in bed.)

Educator: So we got to visit the bunny. And here is our jumping bunny. Children, what should we do when we come to visit?

Children: Say hello!

Educator: Right. Let's say hello to the bunny. Hello Bunny! What a good day today! We were waiting for you to visit! Why didn't you come? What happened to you?

Bunny: Good afternoon friends! I feel very bad. Yesterday I saw snow while walking. He was so white and fluffy, like cotton candy. And the icicles are so beautiful and transparent, like candy canes. I really wanted to try them. I tasted snow and icicles. And this morning I realized that I was sick. My head hurts a lot, my throat hurts, I cough and sneeze.

(The bunny sneezes, covers his nose with his paw.)

Educator: (to children) Children, look, the bunny closes its nose with its paw.

(to the bunny) Bunny, do you have a handkerchief?

Bunny: No.

Educator: This is very bad, because when you sneeze and cough, you need to use a handkerchief. This is an item that is needed for personal hygiene. It should always be in your pocket. And it can also be extended as a help to your neighbor. Our children have handkerchiefs, and each has his own. Got it, bunny?

Bunny: But what should I do?

Educator: And we will give you a handkerchief. Here you are (gives a handkerchief to a bunny). Now you have your own handkerchief.

(The bunny takes a handkerchief, thanks, and continues to sneeze and cough.)

Educator: Yes, bunny, you really caught a cold. You need to be treated.

Educator: Guys, where do we start treatment? How do mothers treat you when you are sick, what do they do?

Children's answers: They give medicines;

Call the doctor;

measure the temperature;

Drink hot tea;

They put mustard plasters;

Make compresses.

Educator: Fine! First, we will put a thermometer and measure the temperature, and while the bunny is lying, we will brew medicinal tea and set the table. Children, let's remember how to set the table?

(Children set the table with a tablecloth, put a tea set)

Educator: And now, let's remember what are the names of the items that we will put on the table to give the hare tea?

(Children serve the table, specifying the names of objects and tea utensils.)

Teaspoon;

Napkins;

Tablecloth.

Educator: So, the table is ready. Come on, bunny, let's see if you have a high temperature? The temperature is normal. You can do without a doctor.

It's time to tell you kids, and you bunny, something interesting. When I was little and often got sick, my mother treated me with unusual medicines that nature gives us. There are a lot of them. But today I will tell you about one of them - viburnum berries. So I took her to the bunny today, because I guessed that he was sick.

Here's a look at what the viburnum looks like. Its beautiful bushes can be found everywhere: along rivers, lakes, on the edges, in ravines. Let's remember where we could already see a similar viburnum bush?

Children: In the garden. In the courtyard kindergarten.

Educator: Right. A viburnum bush grows in the yard of our kindergarten. Kalina well cleans the air from dust.

And I know a riddle about her. Here listen:

Who does not know these berries?

Helps with colds.

They hang on the bushes

And, like poppies, they burn.

Only it's not a raspberry.

What is a berry?

Children: Kalina!

Educator: Guys, let's take a closer look at the viburnum bush. Look how bright, lush, beautiful he is. Viburnum blooms in spring. It is crowned with white inflorescences. And when the first snow begins to fall, red berries appear on the viburnum bush. Who do you think can eat these berries?

Children: Birds feed on berries in winter.

Educator: Right.

The viburnum bush is very beautiful.

What bush viburnum? (fluffy, beautiful)

What color are the leaves? (green)

What are viburnum leaves (wide)

See how the berries gathered in a bunch. What do they look like? (for small beads, for bunches of mountain ash)

People really appreciate and love viburnum not only because it is beautiful, but also because it has healing properties and has a special taste. Try viburnum berries. What do they taste like?

What did you find in the middle of the berry?

What does a grain look like?

Let's collect viburnum seeds on a saucer and dry them. Why do you think they can be useful to us?

(Suggested answers of children: make an applique, decorate a picture frame, etc.)

Educator: And from them you can make beads for your mothers.

In ancient times, every housewife prepared medicines from viburnum for a long winter:

They dried its color, berries, leaves;

Rubbed with honey and sugar.

Viburnum tea is the first helper for colds. Fresh berries are used for coughing. Kalina is a medicinal plant because it contains many vitamins.

Now you know that viburnum can cure anyone of a cold. And let's treat the hare with viburnum tea. Let's make a medicinal tea. Take viburnum berries and put them in this teapot. And I'll take another teapot with hot water, and pour water where you put the berries. I'll cover it with a napkin - let it insist.

In the meantime, our viburnum tea is infused, let's make a present for the hare - draw a sprig of viburnum for him.

(Children draw viburnum berries on landscape sheets using a non-standard drawing technique).

Educator: See what magnificent and beautiful bunches of viburnum you have drawn. People say: “As young as I was, I was white, and as I grew older, I blushed.”

(The teacher invites the children to learn this proverb).

Educator: These viburnum clusters, which the children tried so hard to draw, we will give you, hare. Be healthy always! (They give their drawings, the bunny thanks each child by name.)

Educator: And here our medicinal viburnum tea is ready. Everyone sit down at the table.

(Children sit at the table)

Educator: Guys, do you want to know how many delicious sweets can be prepared from viburnum berries? Juice, jelly are boiled from viburnum, marmalade, jam are prepared, pies with viburnum berries are baked. (Takes jam). Try viburnum jam. It is very tasty and healthy. What kind of jam does it taste like?

(Children are treated to tea and viburnum jam).

Bunny: Thank you, my friends, for your help! I'm already much better. My head doesn't hurt, my throat doesn't hurt either. I feel so good that I want to play with you.

Educator: Bunny, we will gladly play with you. Our children are very fond of the game "Grey Hare Washes".

Game progress.

Children become in a circle, one child has a bunny. He is a "bunny" and stands in the middle of the circle. Children who stand in a circle, together with the teacher, say:

Gray bunny washes

Apparently going to visit

I washed my nose, I washed my tail,

I washed my ear, wiped it dry!

"Bunny" imitates movements in accordance with the text (washes and wipes nose, ears, tail). Then he jumps on both legs - he goes to visit one of the children, and he becomes a "bunny", takes a toy and the game is repeated.

Educator: Well done guys, they played well with the bunny. Let's have fun with it, shall we?

Educator: Well, jumping bunny, I see that you are already much better. And remember that you can’t eat snow and icicles, otherwise you can get sick. Put on a warm coat. And if you suddenly get sick, now you know how to be treated.

Do you guys remember how to treat a cold?

Children: Yes! Viburnum tea, jam.

Educator: How quickly time has flown by. We really liked you, hare, but the guys need to go back to kindergarten. And you lie down in a warm bed and rest. And when you are healthy, come to visit us, we will be waiting for you. Goodbye!

(Children say goodbye to the bunny and leave).

Synopsis of a collective lesson on visual activity

for children of the middle group. Modeling.

Subject: Clusters of viburnum.

Program content of the lesson: To consolidate the ability of children to convey the shape of objects of a round shape and different sizes. To teach to betray impressions of the environment in modeling (viburnum berries ripened). Develop imagination. Cultivate the right attitude towards results.

Materials and equipment for the lesson: Branches with clusters of viburnum for viewing, plasticine, modeling boards.

Lesson progress:

Educator: Guys, let's remember who we helped to be treated yesterday?

Children: Bunny!

Educator: And how did we do it? How can we help him heal? Medicines?

Children: No! We treated him with viburnum tea!

Educator: And who remembers where viburnum grows?

Children: It can be found everywhere: along rivers, lakes, on the edges, in ravines. And she grows in the yard of our kindergarten.

Educator: Look, today I brought you a sprig of viburnum. Let's take a look at it. What kind of berries does she have in her bunches?

Children: Small, red, rounded.

Educator: What do they look like?

Children: For small beads.

Educator: And what kind of berries do they look like?

Children: On rowan berries.

Educator:

Beauty of the forest near the ravine:

Bush thick, wide leaf

And clusters of berries-beads, as if

Red rain hung in a bunch.

I will bring young viburnum from the forest

And at home by the window I will plant with love,

Let viburnum redden with beads in winter,

And the blizzard in winter gets angry and turns gray.

Educator: Let's now arrange a competition for the best work. Today we will sculpt clusters of viburnum. Let's split into two teams. And whose team will win - we will send that work in a parcel to our friend Zaychik.

Consider again carefully the clusters of viburnum. What are they?

(children's answers)

What techniques will you use to get the job done?

(children's answers)

Get to work. We will work energetically, without distractions.

(Children get to work)

Educator: And now let's place your works on the stand and consider how the first team and the second team coped with the task.

(The discussion is lively and emotional. It is important to find figurative, vivid words for characterization, to emphasize expressiveness. For example: lush clusters of viburnum, juicy berries, etc.)

Educator: Well done boys. Both teams got the job done. I don't even know whose work is better. Let's send in a parcel to our friend Bunny bunches of viburnum, which both teams carefully sculpted.

Bibliography:

1. E.S. Wilchkovsky. Outdoor games in kindergarten. - K .: Glad. school, 1989. - 176 p. - In Ukrainian lang.;
2. Vakulenko Yu.A. Raising love for nature in preschoolers: ecological holidays, quizzes, activities and games / Yu.A. Vakulenko. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2008. - 157 p.;
3. Fomicheva M.F. Parenting in children correct pronunciation: a guide for the educator det. garden. - 3rd ed., revised. And extra. - M .: Education, 1980. - 240 p., I.l.;
4. Speech development of preschool children: A manual for a kindergarten teacher / V.I. Loginova, A.I. Maksakov, M.I. Popova and others; Ed. F. Sokhin. - 3rd ed., Rev. And extra. - M .: Education, 198 - 223 p., ill.
5. Solomennikova O.A. Classes on the formation of elementary ecological ideas in middle group kindergarten. - M .: Mosaic-Synthesis, 2009-2010.
6. Komarova T.S. Classes in visual activity in kindergarten: Book. For kindergarten teacher. – 3rd ed., revised and supplementary. - M.: Enlightenment, 1991. - 176 p.: ill. – ISBN 5-09-001634-8.

Material overview

Introduction

Our world is beautiful, spacious and for the most part accessible to every inhabitant of the Earth. Covered with fat fields, endless oceans and forest expanses, lined with highways and railways, routes of air passenger lines and steamship routes, ready to take a person to any place on the globe, the world is becoming more and more domesticated.

Plants give us everything. Herbs, trees and shrubs are our food, medicines, cosmetics, clothes, fragrances, witchcraft, magic and talismans. Health, beauty of the face and body, peace of mind and resistance to stress depend on the life-giving power of plants. Plants are just as alive as we are, they drink the same water, bask in the same sun and feed on the same juices of the earth.

Plants can be useful and dangerous at the same time, it all depends on the dosage and method of application. Each plant has a clear and secret power. We all grew up with wonderful stories and tales about the mandrake root, ferns and The Scarlet Flower. Or maybe it's all true?

After all, since time immemorial, people have used plants to treat a variety of diseases. Medicinal plants were repeatedly glorified, even in poetic form. For example, the 10th century poem "Odo of Men" describes the healing properties of more than 100 medicinal plants. The saying of the medieval scientist, philosopher and physician Avicenna is also world famous: “The doctor has three weapons: the word, the plant, the knife.” Unfortunately, archaeological excavations have not been able to reveal to mankind the medicinal plants of antiquity, which have decayed without a trace for many millennia. However, the surviving sculptural images and the first written monuments of India and China, as well as the long-vanished civilizations of the Middle East and Egypt, testify to the use of plants for medicinal purposes.

And at the moment, many plants are used for medicinal purposes.

The most common and commonly used medicinal plants include mint leaves, thyme, oregano, wormwood, St. John's wort, as well as their combinations. However, medicinal herbs require a professional approach. They need to be collected in time, know how to dry and where to store. Harvesting such herbs needs individual approach, as these are poorly cultivated plants. For example, calendula ripens unevenly, and it can be harvested several times. Many medicinal herbs, such as ginseng, require special care.

Today in the world there are about 12,000 medicinal plants that have healing properties and are used both in traditional and in folk medicine. In this case, often medicinal plants are perfectly combined with other types of treatment.

But medicinal plants are used not only for therapeutic, but also for preventive purposes, for example, to cleanse the body. It is regular cleansing that is one of the secrets of people who, even in old age, can boast of excellent physical and mental health.

Unfortunately, fewer and fewer people remain - the keepers of folk medical knowledge, although interest in them does not disappear. Therefore, the purpose of our work is: to study and summarize information about medicinal plants growing in our area, their use in modern world for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Work tasks:

1) conduct a survey of medical workers and residents of the city of Rovenka in order to find out whether medicinal plants are currently used;

2) to study popular science literature on the properties of medicinal plants;

3) compile a book "Medicinal plants of the native land";

4) hold an "Ecological matinee"

4) promote wider application medicinal herbs- make scented pillows

5) get acquainted with the preparation of tea using medicinal plants.

An object: medicinal plants growing in the vicinity of Rovenka

Item: medicinal properties of medicinal plants and their use.

I. Literature review

1.1. History of the use of medicinal plants

Probably, there is not a single country on Earth in which there are no myths, fairy tales or legends about plants. And this is no coincidence. Admiring the beauty of magnificent flowers and mighty trees, ancient man I wondered what supernatural forces gave birth to them. According to the mythology of many peoples, plants were created by the almighty gods of fertility, who patronized herbs, flowers and trees.

IN Ancient Egypt the god of vegetation was Nefertum, in Ancient Babylon - Tammuz (Dumuzi), in Ancient Greece- Demeter, Proserpina and Dionysus, and in Ancient Rome - Flora and Bacchus. The myths about plants also reflected people's ideas about the annual change of seasons and the unity of life and death in nature.

Myths and legends about plants played an important role in the folklore of our ancestors - the ancient Slavs. Let us recall, for example, the famous pagan holiday of Ivan Kupala, which was held at the time of the summer solstice. Many people know that the legend of the flowering fern is associated with this holiday. However, not everyone knows that according to the same legends, on the night of Ivan Kupala, a magical gap-grass grows for just a few moments. The ancient Slavs believed that with the help of this wonderful plant one could find countless treasures and open the doors of any dungeon.

Magical, miraculous properties in many cultures were attributed to plants.

Already primitive man instinctively or accidentally began to distinguish between plants that could be used to reduce pain or to heal wounds and ulcers. In this sense, ancient people acted like animals that find plants in their habitat that help cure certain ailments.

One of the first written references to the use of plants for medicinal purposes comes from Egyptian papyri dating back to the 16th century BC. The age of Chinese medical sources is even older - they are attributed to the 26th century. BC e. However, a real breakthrough in the field of research on the medicinal properties of plants was made in Ancient Greece, where many outstanding botanists, doctors and naturalists lived and worked. Hippocrates (5th century BC), who is considered the father of Western medicine, made an attempt not only to describe the properties of medicinal plants, but also to explain their healing effect. He divided all edible and medicinal plants into “cold”, “hot”, “dry” and “wet”, respectively, to the four “elements”, the existence of which he postulated as the fundamental principle of the world - earth, water, air and fire. It was these four fundamental properties that he considered the main ones in any living organism and believed that from their balance, as well as from proper nutrition and physical exercise depends on human health. In many ways, his views coincided with the views of the ancient healers of China.

At the beginning of our era, research on the healing properties of plants was continued by Roman doctors. The classic work of the physician Dioscorides "On medicinal herbs ah” and the multi-volume treatise of the commander and naturalist Pliny the Elder “Natural History”, for more than 1500 years have been a desktop reference book for European doctors. The Roman scientist Claudius Galen, the court physician of Emperor Marcus Aurelius, developed and systematized the Hippocratic theory of "body fluids". His teaching dominated medicine for several centuries.

With the fall of the Roman Empire, the center of medical science shifted to the East, and the development of the Galenic system continued mainly in Constantinople and Persia. The most important work of that time was the "Canon of Medicine" by the Arab scientist Ibn Sina (Avicenna). In the XII century. this treatise was translated into Latin and remained in medieval Europe one of the main health benefits.

In the Middle Ages in Europe, herbal medicine and healing were mainly carried out by the church. In numerous monasteries, the cultivation of so-called "pharmacy gardens" and the care of the sick were considered part of the Christian duty of the monks. At the same time, prayers in the treatment were assigned no less a role than medicinal herbs, and in the early herbalists the appropriate prayers were certainly attached to the recipes. Although this created fertile ground for quackery and superstition, the monasteries managed to preserve and pass on to the next generations the medical and botanical knowledge of previous centuries.

In the Renaissance, with the advent of the first botanical gardens and the discovery of the New World, the number of plants used in medicine expanded, and the invention of the printing press contributed to the popularization of medical and botanical works. As this knowledge went beyond the walls of the monasteries, the practical skills of healing in the tradition of Hippocrates began to gain more and more importance.

In Rus', as well as among other peoples, the healing properties of plants have been known since ancient times. The pagan worldview that prevailed in Ancient Rus', gave the treatment a supernatural character. Therefore, treatment with a small set of medicinal herbs was carried out by healers, sorcerers, magi, i.e. people, according to popular concepts, who know how to act on evil spirits. Common medicines were wormwood, nettle, horseradish, ash, juniper, plantain, birch, etc. Since ancient times, everything necessary for the treatment of various diseases has been sold in Moscow.

In the minds of many of our contemporaries, medicinal plants (“medicinal herbs”) are something extremely outdated, a relic of ancient times. Our age of electronics and automation, semiconductors and polymers seems to be poorly compatible with bundles of dried herbs, from which humanity in the past, with blind faith, was waiting for miraculous healings. The successes of synthetic chemistry, the ability to create tens and hundreds of thousands of new organic compounds that had never existed in nature before, instilled faith in the omnipotence of chemical synthesis. But medicinal plants can not only cure, but also keep our body in good shape, increase efficiency, release the resources that our body spent on fighting diseases, and improve the quality of life.

Nature took care to provide its creations with miraculous features. Our great-grandmothers were well versed in natural medicines, and we completely lost sight of all this. Of course, this does not mean that the significance of the level of modern medicine should be underestimated. But to be able to understand some of the medicines that nature itself provides us with will also not be superfluous.

1.2 . Pharmacological properties of plants

ANDthe study of the experience of traditional medicine with its numerous set of therapeutic agents, the analysis of their action makes it possible to modern development phytochemistry, pharmacology and the latest laboratory technology to identify new, previously unknown medicinal components in them and include them in the arsenal of medications of modern medical practice.

Despite the many synthetic and antibiotic substances used in modern medicine, interest in treatment with traditional medicine has not disappeared, moreover, it has increased significantly over the past decades, which is to some extent explained by the increase in allergic reactions to synthetic drugs. Many patients, especially in rural areas, where the centuries-old experience of traditional medicine is still preserved, are more willing to resort to treatment with infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs. Because medicinal plants are effective remedy treatment and prevention of many diseases, Rational phytotherapy normalizes the activity of the nervous system, regulates blood pressure, blood supply to the brain, improves sleep, increases efficiency.

As a rule, medicinal plants and drugs prepared on their basis act on the body much milder than synthetic drugs. Medicinal herbs have less side effects than chemicals. They rarely cause allergic reactions. Skillfully composed collections can, if necessary, be taken for years without harm to the patient, which is especially important in chronic diseases.

Sick, long time those who are on a strict diet and at the same time taking herbs do not suffer from beriberi, since herbs contain a complex of natural vitamins in an optimal combination for the body. In addition, infusions of medicinal plants restore normal intestinal microflora, eliminate dysbacteriosis.

Medicinal herbs, especially their collections, also have the advantage over synthetic medicines that they retain the original complex of natural healing principles. It is known that plants in various combinations contain alkaloids, amino acids, antibiotics, vitamins, glycosides, tannins, organic acids, fats, trace elements, pigments, mucus, resins, phytoncides, essential oils and some other substances. This explains the complex normalizing effect of medicinal plants on the entire body as a whole. In our work, we studied in detail the most common plants that are used by the inhabitants of our city for medicinal purposes.

Chamomile

Chamomile has been used for centuries as a medicinal plant mainly for the gastrointestinal tract. In ancient Egypt, it was dedicated to the sun mainly because of its healing properties. It is used all over the world in the form of a tea and is valued as a therapeutic agent for the kidneys, spleen, bronchitis, colds, dropsy, etc. The fresh plant has a strong apple aroma, which is why the Greeks called it Hamomili, which means "earth apple". The Spaniards call it Manzanilla, which means "little apple". Parts Used: Flowers.

Application: Chamomile is externally used to accelerate wound healing and treat inflammation. Internally used for fever, indigestion, insomnia and stress. Clinical researches showed that the use of chamomile in the form of tea has a calming effect. well known beneficial features chamomile for eye diseases such as conjunctivitis. Chamomile helps prevent stomach ulcers and accelerate its healing. Chamomile is widely used for wound care. Chamomile essential oil speeds up the healing of burns. It also fights fungi and bacteria that cause various infections. Immune system: Chamomile boosts the activity of white blood cells in our immune system. Chamomile essential oil stimulates weak hair and gives them a natural shine. Chamomile bath is a wonderful soothing and tonic remedy. Boil a handful of flowers in a pot of water. Strain and pour into a bath of water. Half an hour in such a bath will refresh you and fill you with energy.

Peppermint is an aromatic plant that originates from the Middle East. Arabs have been drinking mint tea for centuries to stimulate sexual potency. Hippocrates and Avicenna note the medicinal properties of peppermint. Pliny mentions that the ancient Greeks and Romans weaved wreaths of mint and decorated their heads with it at various holidays, and also used it in the production of wine. Parts Used: Leaves, aerial part of the plant. Application: Since ancient times, peppermint has been used for stomach diseases and intestinal disorders. It soothes bloating and enhances the secretion of gastric juice, thereby helping with indigestion and intestinal colic. The essential oil found in peppermint leaves has a mild soothing effect on intestinal ailments, relieves pain from duodenal ulcers, and eliminates the feeling of nausea in people suffering from seasickness. Peppermint is also a very effective sedative for nervous and heart diseases, relieves toothache, removes bad breath. For severe headaches, fresh peppermint leaves can be applied to the forehead.

calamus ordinary

Popular names: hot root, fragrant calamus, yaver, calamus reed, Tatar potion, flatbread, cinquefoil, colmus.

perennial herbaceous plant with a thick creeping rhizome. The stem is flattened, sharp along one edge. The leaves are long, linear, xiphoid, pointed. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow, collected at the top of the stem in a cylindrical spadix. The rhizome is brown in color, has a peculiar strong aromatic odor and a bitter taste. Blooms from late May to July.

Applicable part. Rootstock and leaves. Rhizomes are harvested in early spring and late autumn, leaves - in June - July.

Rhizomes in the form of a decoction, infusion and tincture are used as bitterness to stimulate appetite, enhance the separation of gastric juice, increase the biliary function of the liver, and tone the gallbladder. An infusion of rhizomes is used as a tonic, tonic, anti-febrile and expectorant.

Periwinkle.

An evergreen subshrub with a cord-like, horizontal rhizome 50-70 cm long, branched at a depth, with bunches of filiform vertical roots at the nodes. Stems of two types: vertical 30-35 cm high and vegetative - horizontal with elongated internodes, 100-150 cm long, branched, rooting at the nodes. The leaves are opposite, short-petiolate, elliptical, usually sharp, shiny, leathery, glabrous, green above, grayish below. Flowers solitary, axillary, on long peduncles. The fruits are cylindrical double leaflets with numerous seeds. Flowering in May, fruiting in June.

Application. It has been used in folk medicine since ancient times. In the Middle Ages, it was considered a symbol of eternity and constancy. It is used as an astringent, hemostatic and wound healing agent.

Vinca preparations have a beneficial effect on the work of the heart, increase the resistance of capillaries.

Sandy immortelle

Popular names: immortelle, yellow cumin, sandy cumin, dried flower, gray flower, scrofula, yellow cat's paws.

Description. Perennial herbaceous plant, forming dense tufts, with a woody rhizome. Stems erect, unbranched. The leaves are oblong. The flowers are small, lemon yellow or orange, collected in inflorescences. The plant has a peculiar smell. Blooms from late June to September.

Application. Immortelle sandy is an ancient remedy of traditional medicine. Infusion and decoction of flowers are considered one of the most popular choleretic drugs, they are widely used for various liver diseases, jaundice, inflammation Bladder, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, especially childhood colitis. A decoction of flower baskets is also recommended for radiculitis, numbness of the legs.

hawthorn blood red

Tall shrub (up to 4 m) or small tree with purple-brown branches with straight spines. The leaves are alternate, with stipules, short-petiolate, with a coarsely serrated edge. The flowers are white (with an unpleasant odor), collected in corymbose inflorescences. Fruits are spherical or oblong, soft, fleshy, blood-red, sour-sour taste. Blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in August - September.

Hawthorn is known as an effective remedy for heart disease, insomnia, headache, dizziness, and high blood pressure. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in functional disorders of the heart, atrial fibrillation, angina pectoris, Graves' disease. Use both flowers and fruits of the plant.

Valerian officinalis

Perennial herbaceous rhizomatous plant with fibrous roots and erect stem. The leaves are opposite, pinnately compound, with ovate-lanceolate leaflets. The flowers are lilac, pale pink or almost white, small, fragrant, collected in corymbose-paniculate inflorescences. The fruit is a small flat achene. Blooms in June - July.

Application. Valerian is the oldest medicinal plant. Her drugs lower the excitability of the central nervous system, relieve spasms, dilate the blood vessels of the heart, and lower blood pressure. Infusion and tincture of roots and rhizomes are used for disorders of the nervous system, insomnia, hysteria, convulsions, cardiac neurosis, angina pectoris, epilepsy, Graves' disease, menopausal disorders, migraine.

Hypericum perforatum.

Perennial herbaceous plant up to 1 m high with erect ribbed stems. The leaves are opposite, fragrant, oblong, with translucent dotted glands. The flowers are yellow, numerous, collected in broadly paniculate inflorescences. Blooms in April - May.

Application. Russian folk medicine considers St. John's wort herb from ninety-nine diseases. St. John's wort has a hemostatic, astringent, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, wound healing, diuretic and choleretic effect. It is used for women's diseases, for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart and bladder, involuntary urination, hemorrhoids, insomnia, irritability, headaches in the form of a decoction, infusion and tincture.

Wild strawberry

Popular names: strawberry, midnight.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a short rhizome and creeping rooting shoots. The leaves are compound, trifoliate, almost naked above, hairy below, which distinguishes wild strawberries from green strawberries (strawberries). The flowers are white, with a subcup. The fruits are oval, bright crimson, aromatic, with sepals bent down, and in green strawberries they are pressed against the fruit. Blooms in May - June.

Application. Fresh strawberries stimulate appetite, have the ability to dissolve and remove liver and kidney stones, regulate the body's basal metabolism, treat and prevent the development of vascular sclerosis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gout. Leaves and rhizomes have the same properties, from which decoctions and infusions are prepared. In this case, only parts of wild strawberries are used, the healing properties of which are much higher than those of green strawberries.

May lily of the valley.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a thin creeping rhizome. The leaves are bright green, oblong, elliptical. The flower arrow is trihedral, ending with a loose one-sided brush of flowers. The flowers are white, fragrant, globose-bell-shaped. The fruit is a red-orange berry. Blooms in May - June.

Application. Lily of the valley is a popular folk remedy for the treatment of heart disease. His infusion and alcohol tincture slow down the rhythm of heart contractions, improve the filling of the pulse, reduce shortness of breath, have a calming effect in case of increased nervousness, relieve convulsions, headache. They are used for epilepsy, paralysis, asthma, heart failure, neuroses.

The internal use of lily of the valley preparations requires caution. The plant is poisonous.

Burdock

Popular names: burdock, burdock, burdock root, burdock, dedovik, burdock.

A biennial herbaceous plant with alternate large leaves, green above and greyish felt below. The flowers are dark purple, collected in spherical baskets with tenacious hooked wrappers. Blooms in June - September.

Application. Burdock has a diuretic, diaphoretic, milk-producing, anti-inflammatory effect. An infusion of the roots is used for stomach ulcers, gastric bleeding, gastritis, nephrolithiasis, rheumatism and gout, chronic constipation, delayed menstruation and various skin diseases. Fresh and soaked dry leaves are applied to burns, to inflamed seals to soften, an infusion of leaves is used to rinse the mouth.

Coltsfoot

Popular names: near-river grass, kamchuzhnaya grass, butterbur, podbel, rannik, water burdock, tumor leaves.

Perennial rhizomatous herbaceous plant with creeping long rhizome. The stems are straight, unbranched, with small yellow reed flowers collected in baskets. Basal leaves are rounded, green above, white-tomentose below. Blooms from April to mid-May.

Application. Coltsfoot is used as a cough soothing agent, intensifying expectoration, stimulating the secretion of glands. A decoction of the leaves is drunk for diseases of the respiratory system, stomach and intestines, kidneys and bladder, and diathesis in children. Outwardly, a decoction or infusion is used in the form of lotions and compresses for inflammation of the veins, skin, tumors, ulcers.

Motherwort five-lobed

Common names: dead nettle, heart grass, dog nettle, core.

Perennial herbaceous plant with a woody rhizome and a tetrahedral erect pubescent pubescent stem. Leaves are opposite, petiolate, tripartite. The flowers are pink, small, collected in whorls in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruits are trihedral nuts. Blooms in June - August.

Application. In Russian folk medicine, motherwort has long been used as a remedy for “heartbeat”, “stomach heaviness”. Infusion and tincture of the herb slow down the heart rate, reduce blood pressure, have a calming effect on nervous system(3-4 times stronger than valerian). A decoction of the roots is drunk as a hemostatic agent, used for Graves' disease and epilepsy, neurasthenia, hysteria and shortness of breath.

Common tansy

Popular names: wild mountain ash, field mountain ash, helminth, gourd, nine yellow, mother liquor, wild tansy, humpback.

Perennial rhizomatous plant with an upright branched stem. The leaves are alternate, pinnately dissected, dark green above, grayish green below with dotted glands. The flowers are orange-yellow in baskets, collected in dense apical shields. Blooms in June - August.

Application. An aqueous infusion of flower baskets enhances the function of the gastrointestinal tract, has antipyretic, antispasmodic, antihelminthic, antimicrobial and insecticidal effects. It is used for jaundice, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, especially with low acidity, with roundworms, pinworms, headaches, to reduce and stop menstruation. Externally, the infusion is used for warm baths and compresses as an anesthetic for gout, rheumatism, cramps in the calf muscles.

Wormwood common.

Perennial herbaceous plant up to 150 cm high with a branched stem. The leaves are alternate, pinnatipartite, green above, glabrous, below whitish tomentose, light. Flower baskets are small, collected in long dense panicles. Blooms in July.

It grows among shrubs, along the banks of reservoirs, the outskirts of fields, in meadows.

Application. Wormwood is widely used as a sedative, anticonvulsant and mild hypnotic for epilepsy and neurasthenia. Infusion and decoction accelerate menstruation and childbirth, relieve pain, increase appetite, improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. The fresh juice from the leaves promotes wound healing.

After studying medicinal plants, a book was compiled. (Annex 8)

II. Practical part

2.1. Making scented pillows

Residents of our city mainly use medicinal plants as tea or decoction. We decided to expand the use of medicinal plants and make pillows from herbs, and then give them to grandparents. After all, a pillow made of herbs is a remedy and a great gift.

In the old days, pillows with herbs were in almost every home, and they were treated with great reverence: they were decorated with embroidery, tied with satin ribbons, trimmed with lace. Our great-grandmothers collected fragrant herbs and filled the pillows they slept on with them. Since ancient times, people have believed that bags with medicinal plants bring wealth to the house, protect housing from evil forces, and save spouses from quarrels and quarrels.

Aromatic compositions can be therapeutic - they improve health and normalize sleep, or designed to flavor the air and create a favorable atmosphere in the house. Some mixtures invigorate and cheer up, others relax, dispose to rest, favor sound, healthy sleep.

To fill the sachet, in addition to herbs, use citrus peels, pieces of bark, needles, violet root, clove stars, cinnamon sticks, vanilla pods and other spices. Essential oils and sea salt are also added to herbal pads: they reveal the aromas of dried plants.

To choose the right ingredients for a sachet, you need to know how different herbs affect our health and well-being. Pouches designed for sound sleep are filled with lemon balm, lavender, rose petals, oregano, chamomile and thyme. Verbena, peppermint, myrrh, sage, frankincense, pine needles, orange blossom, gardenia and jasmine, valerian and geranium are also suitable for the bedroom.

The aroma of lemon balm drives away melancholy, eliminates headaches and nightmares. Lavender is recommended for depression and insomnia, it calms, drives away evil thoughts, reduces aggression, helps to relax. Rose petals heal emotional trauma, relieve nervous tension, treat insomnia. Peppermint eliminates nervousness and restores energy balance. Verbena relieves nightmares, gives a woman beauty and charm. Oregano drives away heavy thoughts and cures insomnia. Chamomile calms, gives a feeling of peace, helps with depression, stress, neuroses and insomnia. Myrrh, frankincense, sage and pine needles cleanse the space of negative energy, drive away obsessive thoughts, relieve fatigue.

It is very important that the proportion of each component in the sachet is odd. Fill the bags with one plant or several at once. There are a lot of recipes for aromatic compositions. (Annex 2)

Scented pillows are an exquisite piece of furniture, fashion accessory in the house and a real amulet that fills the house with the aromas of coniferous forests, verdant meadows and flowering gardens. This is a piece of nature that lives in the house and gives each of its inhabitants sweet dreams, joy and peace.

The pillow can have different sizes: from regular to tiny. The more aromatic and active the plant (rosemary, sage, hop cones), the smaller the pad should be. Your imagination will tell you the shape: round, square, oval. For the main pillowcase (cover or pillowcase), only natural (“breathable”) and dense fabrics (cotton, linen, teak) are used so that the fillers do not seep and prick the face and neck. (Annex 3)

A feature and disadvantage of an aromatic pillow is the rapid caking of herbs. To avoid this, herbs are used that keep their shape - sedge, heather, bracken, straw.

The addition of these herbs also helps to avoid overdosing when you want to have a big pillow, and the selected herbs are strong (rosemary, sage, hop cones) and strong-smelling (mint, oregano, elderberry).

2.2. Strengthening health with tea using medicinal plants

It is known that teas are not only pleasant with their taste and aroma, but also useful. Medicinal fees and teas are mixtures of dried and ground medicinal plants in a certain ratio. They are made up of two or more plants that are close in therapeutic effect or enhance this effect.

According to their purpose, they are divided into vitamin, preventive and therapeutic.

Vitamin teas are prepared from food and medicinal plants containing a large amount of vitamins and minerals. A large number of vitamins are found in the fruits and leaves of plants. Vitamins are necessary for the body to build enzymatic systems. Their insufficient intake causes pathological conditions due to a decrease in the activity of enzymatic systems. These include avitaminosis and hypovitaminosis. Such tea has a pleasant taste and smell, quenches thirst well and satisfies the body's need for vitamins and minerals.

Preventive teas from medicinal plants differ in the direction of exposure. For example, tea can be anti-sclerotic, anti-spasmodic, sedative, regulating carbohydrate metabolism, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. They contain plants that have a targeted effect on individual bodies and systems.

Medicinal teas are characterized by a high content of biologically active substances. Such teas stimulate metabolism, hematopoiesis, increase the body's defenses. At home, medicinal tea is usually prepared from one, two or more medicinal plants, strictly following the weight of the components indicated in the recipe and the preparation technology. They are used only on the recommendation of the attending physician. Competent, reasonable use of natural remedies will alleviate your condition, help get rid of a long-tormenting ailment. (Annex 4)

HOW TO PREPARE HERBAL TEA CORRECTLY

The flowers are brewed in a large porcelain teapot with boiling water. Berries before brewing it is necessary; crush fresh, crush dry. The leaves are poured with boiling water. Roots, stems and coarse parts of plants finely chopped. Then they put them in cold water, bring to a boil over low heat and simmer for 10 minutes. After brewing, teas from flowers, leaves and berries are infused in a porcelain teapot for 5-10 minutes, and teas from roots and stems are infused in an enamel bowl for 10-15 minutes. Properly brewed tea from medicinal plants has a unique taste, aroma and color, it retains all biologically active substances. (Annex 5)

2.3. Research results

In the course of work on this topic, we learned that in our city, many residents use medicinal plants to treat various diseases. We were interested to know the opinion on this issue of both medical specialists and ordinary residents who do not have a medical education. Therefore, we turned to the people of our city, who use medicinal herbs in the treatment of colds.

Opinion of medical workers. Biryukova Elena Viktorovna, paramedic

From November to March, we interviewed 200 children who were diagnosed with SARS. Along with synthetic medicines, they were treated with folk remedies, in the form of collections of medicinal herbs. The collection included herbs: coltsfoot, mint, chamomile and others.

In the course of treatment, the condition of the patients improved. Herbal treatment is used not only in the acute period, but also during the recovery period, which improves the body's defenses and increases immunity.

Kretova - Pimanenok Tatyana Anatolyevna, doctor of the central city hospital of the city of Rovenki.

Phytotherapy, i.e. treatment with medicinal plants in our time attracts great attention of doctors of various specialties. Synthetic drugs, no doubt give a therapeutic effect, but their use is not uncommon side effects: allergic reactions, intolerance phenomena. The advantage of herbal treatments is that they are generally harmless. Treatment with herbal preparations is always long - at least 2 - 4 weeks, but the result of the treatment is always positive.

The opinion of local residents who do not have a medical education. Saliy Lidia Efimovna

I use medicinal plants, I began to use them especially often after retirement. Medicines are expensive, the pension is small, so I remembered traditional medicine. And since I live in the private sector and there is a beam not far from me, I can even collect medicinal herbs myself. I really like to drink tea with mint, oregano and other herbs after a bath, strength is added, I feel much better.

Serdyuchenko Galina Alexandrovna

My mother also told me that there is nothing better than natural. It was she who introduced me to many medicinal plants and their use. For example, I wash my head with a decoction of chamomile, and I take an infusion of hawthorn when I am tormented by insomnia. I try to pass on all my knowledge to my children.

The results of a survey among residents of the city of Rovenka showed that many people know about medicinal properties ah plants. (Annex 1)

Most of the respondents buy medicinal herbs in pharmacies, because this is a more reliable way, but there are also those who like to collect herbs with the whole family.

Of the medicinal plants used by the inhabitants, the most common are: chamomile, nettle, mint, lemon balm, coltsfoot.

Knowing the medicinal properties of herbs, people often use decoction, tea. But herbal pillows are rare, so we think that our fragrant pillows have become a very good gift.

III . conclusions

As a result of our research, we found out that a lot of medicinal plants grow in the vicinity of our city.

In our work, we focused specifically on only the most popular types of medicinal plants.

From books and from conversations with residents, we got acquainted with the preparation of infusions, with the pharmacological properties of medicinal plants

From a conversation with medical workers, we realized that traditional medicine recipes are also widely used in modern medicine. According to medical professionals, the use folk remedies very effective, although a longer duration of treatment is required. The use of medicinal herbs improves the body's defenses and increases overall immunity. (Annex 6)

I take into account all the benefits of medicinal herbs, I made fragrant pillows that will delight not only appearance, have a beneficial effect on the human body, helping to cope with insomnia, stress, fatigue, irritability, and also successfully used for the prevention of respiratory and viral diseases

We had a tea party with the use of medicinal plants, and at the end of our study we held an "Ecological matinee" (Appendix 7)

IV. Conclusion

Nature is a source of health and danger to man. The choice of drugs in the "green pharmacy" is rich and varied, but you need to be careful: poisoning with medicinal plants is possible if you self-medicate. You should contact the "green pharmacy", as well as the usual one, with an established diagnosis of the disease and with a doctor's prescription.

We believe that propaganda about the effectiveness of the use of medicinal herbs for the treatment of various diseases should be carried out among the population, using all means (conversations, lectures, designing stands) in order to develop a positive attitude towards the use of medicinal herbs among people.

It is necessary to acquaint people with the rules for the preparation, storage of medicinal raw materials and the preparation of medicinal infusions.

“There is nothing on earth that would not be considered a medicine,” says one of the provisions of Tibetan medicine. We live in a drug world. Vegetable world our country is very rich, and almost all of its representatives have medicinal properties. However, in conditions of ecological trouble, it is important to take care of rational use natural resources of medicinal flora in the struggle for the health and active longevity of people.

Project stage:

Project underway

Objective of the project:

Creating conditions for children to get acquainted with the world of medicinal plants of their native village, to form ideas about the importance of plants in the improvement and preservation of human health. Explore the possibility of using plants instead of chemicals. Education in children the basics of a healthy lifestyle. Activate children's initiative, attention, memory, vocabulary enrichment.

Project objectives:

educational tasks. Clarify and expand children's knowledge about the names of medicinal plants, their history and value for health, the rules of use. To acquaint with the variety of medicinal plants, their significance for all life on the planet, as well as with fiction to create a holistic image of the object under study. Find out what medicinal plants are in the immediate environment: on the territory of the kindergarten and native village. Involve preschoolers in conservation activities.
Developmental tasks: To develop curiosity, observation, speech, as well as the ability to compare and analyze in preschoolers. Develop children's vocabulary and their knowledge of medicinal plants. To develop the feelings and emotions of preschoolers obtained in the process of learning through the organization of productive activities.
Educational tasks: To develop communication skills, independence, diligence of preschoolers, as well as respect for nature.

Achieved results for Last year:

The correct attitude of children to plants that help human health is recognized.

The children developed a cognitive interest, expanded ideas about nature.

Knowledge of medicinal plants has been formed.

The experience of children in the field of environmental education has been enriched.

A respectful attitude towards the native nature and a careful attitude towards it have been formed.

The rules of behavior in the forest have been studied.

Developed interest in nature.

Social significance of the project:

Usually we do not think about where medicines come from. It's simple: if a person gets sick, we go to the pharmacy and buy. It is known that there are special factories that produce various drugs. But it turns out that plants can also be used as a pharmacy. Medicinal plants have been known to man almost from the moment of his appearance on Earth. Ancient people knew about the healing properties of many plants and skillfully used them to treat various diseases. Herbal treatment has been known in Russia since ancient times and was so popular that even the kings paid great attention to the cultivation of medicinal plants. Peter I ordered the creation of pharmaceutical schools and "pharmaceutical gardens" - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia. Much has changed since that time in Russia, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded, on the contrary, now it is especially great.
With the onset of winter, we began to get sick more often: a cough, a runny nose, and a sore throat appeared. We don't like taking medicine. And we had an idea: medicinal plants will help us to recover. We realized that we needed additional theoretical information, and decided to search for the necessary information. There are many types of plants growing on our planet: wild, cultivated, useful and poisonous, herbaceous and tree-like. We want to talk about those plants that are called useful, medicinal. These are plants that grow most often wild in nature, they are beneficial to humans because they have healing properties, which is why they are called medicinal herbs or shrubs. Due to their healing properties, these plants are widely used in folk medicine, for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases, many of the plants are even used in the pharmaceutical industry, for the manufacture of medicines. Caring for the health of the child currently occupies a priority position in preschool education. One of the means of maintaining and strengthening health are the healing forces of nature.
Observing and examining plants in a group, on the street, and learning that ordinary plants of the immediate environment can help human health, we decided to learn about their significance in people's lives, their healing properties. Therefore, together with the pupils, it was developed environmental project"Medicinal plants of the native village".

Activities carried out within the framework of the project:

Events held from October 2017-March 2018 (the educator and children of the preparatory group for school participated):
- Conversations about medicinal plants: “What did the coltsfoot flower tell about?”, “Fragrant mint is pleasant for all diseases!”, “Plantain is a great traveler!”, “Ordinary calendula”, “Modest dandelion”, “ Useful nettle"," Chamomile - "white shirt", "How good our burdock is today!".
- NOD “Plants around us. Medicinal plants”, “Pharmacy on the windowsill: medicinal plants”. - Didactic games: “What does this plant treat?”, “What part of the plant is healing?”, “Mathematical puzzles”, “Green pharmacy”, loto “Plants”, “Top-roots”, “Find out by description”, “Guess what plant you are ".
- Reading fiction: riddles, poems, proverbs, works - T. Kryukov "Forest Pharmacy", M.A. Kuznetsova, A.S. Reznikova "Tales of medicinal plants", M.M. Prishvin "Golden Meadow";
N. Pavlova "Cunning Dandelion";
G. V. Lebedev "Dandelion";
"Legends of the Dandelion"; V. Bianki "About herbs"; A. Strizhov "Garden at the edge." - --Observation of medicinal plants.
- Growing and planting seedlings on the site of the kindergarten, caring for it. - Keeping a diary of observations of plants.
- Drawing medicinal plants.
- Application "Dandelion", "Chamomile field"
Events held in April 2018 (the educator, children of the preparatory group for school and their parents participated):
- Creation of an album of medicinal plants, made up of children's drawings, "Health in a basket."
- Card file "Pharmacy on the windowsill: medicinal indoor plants."
- Little books "Medicinal Plants" made by parents with children.
- Quiz "Connoisseurs of medicinal plants."
- Theatrical performance "Journey to the Fairy Forest".

Project scope:

The project is aimed at children of senior preschool age, aged 6-7 years

One of the main tasks of teaching biology and ecology is to link learning with life and practice; socially useful work. In educating a careful, responsible attitude to nature, instilling skills in the proper use of natural resources, the study of medicinal plants at school plays an important role: students get to know the nature of their native land better, acquire knowledge on the morphology, taxonomy and ecology of plants, their use in practice, begin to study information on these issues, which raises the cultural level, enriches knowledge of botany and biology in general, introduces them to work and nature protection. The study of medicinal plants of the native land (determination of habitats, species composition and stocks of raw materials) makes it possible to develop a steady interest in biology. Natural reserves wild plants-great national wealth of our country. But these resources are not unlimited. The issues of their accounting and protection are becoming more and more acute. It is necessary to strictly regulate or completely exclude the collection of plants, the resources of which are currently limited. More than 200 species are used in scientific medicine in Russia. higher plants. Now more than 40% medicines, used in medicine, is made from raw materials of medicinal plants, and in the treatment of cardiovascular, gynecological diseases, liver and gastrointestinal tract - 77%. Thus, the natural reserves of wild-growing medicinal plants are the main raw material base for the chemical-pharmaceutical industry and the pharmacy network (more than 70%). Work on the study of medicinal plants at school can be carried out in the following forms: a lesson, an excursion, an exposition, growing and setting up experiments with medicinal plants in an educational and experimental area, public useful work collection of medicinal plants; when performing summer assignments, when organizing circles, electives, class hours, quizzes, conferences, etc. This textbook contains information about the most common medicinal plants in our region, describes their medicinal properties. Medicinal plants with large reserves in the region have maps indicating the places of their concentration in the region. Currently, more and more school graduates choose the professions of a physician and pharmacist. Schoolchildren are interested in human health issues, methods of treatment, and other effects on the body, including the effect of medicinal plants on human health, etc. This manual will help the teacher in conducting and organizing lessons and extracurricular activities, it will be especially useful when conducting elective courses and electives in natural disciplines, local history work. Students can independently prepare for classes on this topic using the information in the manual. This textbook is best studied in the block with the textbook "Poisonous Plants of the Chelyabinsk Region" because. among medicinal and wild plants are found poisonous plants. Each student must distinguish between poisonous plants. This will prevent cases of improper collection of raw materials, poisoning among schoolchildren, and will give a more complete description of the flora of their area.

MOU "Ostashevskaya secondary school"

Class hour on the topic:

"Medicinal plants
native land",
dedicated to the 535th anniversary
the village of Ostasheva

Prepared by: primary school teacher
Stadnikova Valentina Ivanovna

With. Ostashevo
2012
Ostashevo is an emerald and fabulous land.
Class hour: "Medicinal plants of the native land"

Objectives: development of elements of the scientific worldview,
-general outlook, internal culture and cognitive activity of students;
- to form the concept of "medicinal plants", to learn to recognize
local medicinal plants;
- educate love for the native land, for its nature.
Equipment: herbarium: "Medicinal plants of the native land", slides, illustrations of medicinal herbs, children's drawings, fairy tales composed by children.
Leading. In September 2012, our village Ostashevo turns 535 years old.
The village is notable for the names of its former owners. First - these are the princes Urusovs, then - the Muravyovs, and then the prince K. Romanov. Uncle of the last Emperor Nicholas
·
President of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
the talented poet Konstantin Romanov loved his Ostashevo very much:
(Slides 1 and 2).
I love you, secluded shelter!
An old house on a quiet river.
And white - pink, reflected in it
Opposite the village temple over the steepness
Our village is rich and beautiful with forests, fields, rivers. And how much amazing plants grows everywhere! But they not only attract us with their appearance, but they are healers, help humans and animals fight numerous diseases. (Slides 3,4)
Today at the class hour we will summarize what we have done research work Presentation on theme: "Medicinal Plants" Start of this
work was given in September, the finish will be in May. During this time, we went on excursions in order to identify the growth of medicinal plants, the degree of dustiness of plants. We collected and dried medicinal plants, followed by the manufacture of a herbarium. We studied the literature about the forest pharmacy, wrote short messages about plants, essays, fairy tales, puzzles and crossword puzzles were invented. So let's start.
1 student.
Medicinal plants are a group of plants used for the treatment of human and animal diseases, as well as for the prevention (prevention) of diseases.
2-student.
Substances that have medicinal effect can be found in any plant organ: leaves (coltsfoot), stems and bark (oak, sea buckthorn), buds (birch, pine), roots (valerian), and of course, in flowers, fruits and seeds.
3 student.
Medicinal plants have been used by man for a very long time: in India, in Ancient Egypt, China, medicinal herbs were used 5-6 thousand years ago
Some medicinal plants - herbs (St. John's wort, lily of the valley, clover),
others are shrubs (raspberries, elderberries), others are trees (birch, pine, oak)
The music of Grieg's "Procession of the Dwarves" sounds. Lesovik appears. (Student dressed as Lesovik)
Lesovik.
The forest is like a fairytale kingdom:
Medicines are growing all around.
In every grass, in every branch,
And medicine and pills.
Well, what, how, what to treat,
I can teach you.
Just don't be lazy
You just need to learn
Find plants in the forest that are suitable for treatment.
Medicinal properties of various plants.
Leading. This plant is a doctor familiar to everyone since childhood. When the guys have abrasions on their elbows or knees, we immediately look for this plant.
Question: What plant will help us in the campaign when injured? (Slide 5).
Plantain. (Slide 6)
The traveler's friend is a plantain,
Modest, inconspicuous sheet
You're on a cut finger
I lay down with a wet patch.
Many of you are unaware
What found the cure
Right there, on the trail, at your feet.
Question: What plant can stop bleeding? (Slide 7).
Yarrow. (Slide 8)
Gather yarrow in bloom,
Accelerate wound healing -
And the crushed stalk
And decoction inside the sip
Calms the blood flow.
Question: What plant can replace cotton wool? (Slide 9).

Moss. (Slide 10).
Between cranberries and cloudberries
Inhabitant of forest swamps,
On a hummock, moss without a leg,
Wherever you look, it grows.
He is grayish underneath.
More greens.
Kohl will need cotton wool
Get him fast
On the bushes of the meadow
Dried out in the summer heat.
He wounds the partisans
Treated in the wilderness of the forest.
This is sphagnum moss.
Question: What plant helps with colds? (Slide 11).
Linden. (Slide 12)
Linden - a remedy for colds
Everyone knows about it everywhere.
Though the linden color is plain,
But healthier than tea No.
Q: What is the cure for cough? high temperature? (Slide 13).
Pharmaceutical camomile. (Slide 14)
If you happen to catch a cold
Cough will be attached
The heat will rise
Pull the mug towards you
in which it smokes
Slightly bitter fragrant decoction.
Student: And freckles bother me!

Strawberry. (Slide 15)
Everyone knows strawberry
And viburnum too.
You smear this juice
Freckled skin.

Performance of the Russian folk song "The birch, the mountain ash." (Slide 16).
Student. Our Russian beauties, slender white birches are known all over the world. There is no tree dearer and dearer than birch! The feelings that it evokes are in tune with the generous, sympathetic and kind soul of a Russian person. Birch is a symbol of the Motherland.
Birch. (A student in a birch costume). Russian doctors more than 100 years ago established the diuretic effect of birch buds.
For many centuries the birch has served faithfully, benefiting not only the soul,
but also the body. This is the famous birch broom in the bath, and tar, one spoon of which spoils a barrel of honey, but heals skin diseases, wounds, ulcers,
burns (Vishnevsky's ointment).
A pine appears. (Student in a pine costume)
Pine.
I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
Very straight I grow
In height.
If I'm not on the edge,
Branches - only at the top.
Who am I guys? What do you know about me? (Slide 17).
1 - student. A decoction of pine buds is recommended as an expectorant, disinfectant and diuretic; coniferous baths as a tonic and sedative. "Pine is a fragrant healer."
2 - student. In the difficult days of the siege of Leningrad, a mass
the production of a fortified drink from pine needles, which saved many lives!
The poem "Grandma's Pharmacy" - staging.
- I'll go to the pharmacy.
-Where are you on foot?
-Over the river, grandson, over the river,
Birch bridge.
There is a cheese field
Not visible from here.
Me, granddaughters, valerian
Need a heart
Come, my dear, with me,
Help the old woman
And treat the disease with grass
Learn, look.
You will find Kalgan in the field,
Oregano for tea
All herbs in the field will-
Come with me, honey!
Leading. Look around you when you are in the forest in the summer
or at the cottage.
Blooming Sally. Have you ever seen such (Slide 18) pink forest glades? From such glades comes the smell of honey. It blooms from June to August ivan - tea (fireweed). This plant is very useful! The rhizome is sweet and eaten raw and boiled. Young leaves are put into a salad, and a delicious tea is brewed from the dried ones.
Lesovik. And here is the riddle from the box.
golden and young
Became gray in a week
And two days later
Bald head
I'll hide it in my pocket
Former (Dandelion). (Slide 19).
Dandelion. (Student in a dandelion costume). Folk wisdom has long attributed to a decoction of dandelion leaves the ability to give strength and vigor, relieve fatigue. And the infusion and preparations from its roots are used to treat liver and gallbladder diseases. The juice of young leaves removes freckles and dark spots on the skin.
Belka appears. (A student in a squirrel costume).
Hello guys! I'm glad to see you!
After all, I have a lot of questions
Head hurt.
You sort out the questions
And tell me the answers.
Leading. Let's help Belka answer questions. Find me game
Participants are given air balloons. It is necessary to get a note from the ball, answer question asked and find the answer in the "glade".
1What is the herb that the blind know? (Nettle)
2. Very hot. I took and tore off the umbrella.
And under a green umbrella, she went into the forest for berries. (Burdock)
3. Nobody scares, but everything trembles. (Aspen)
4. It is bitter in haymaking, and sweet in frost. What is a berry? (Rowan).
5. You will find these berries in a large forest swamp.
As if red peas are sketched there. (Cranberry)
6. The head is blue
And a long stem
Well, who doesn't know him? This is (Cornflower).
7 Medicinal plant, named for the shape of the fruit, similar to a shoulder bag. (Shepherd's bag).
8. In some places there is still snow, and where the sun warms, on the outskirts of fields, along the banks of ravines and rivers, golden heads appear in early April
this plant. (Coltsfoot).
Host: What rules for collecting medicinal plants do you know?
(Slides 20-25).
Collect plants in the forest, in the field, in the meadow, but not along major highways, not near industrial enterprises, farms.
Part of the plants to leave for their reproduction.
Leaves and flowers are collected most often before and during the flowering of plants, i.e. In spring and summer.
Roots and rhizomes - in early spring, autumn.
Koru in April-May.
Medicinal plants are harvested in the morning, as soon as the dew has come down, because in the afternoon, in the bright sun, the amount useful substances decreases.
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 Dry the medicinal material in the shade, in the air.
Lesovik. And here is a cheerful clearing, the guys prepared funny ditties.
Funny ditties.
1.I natural material
collected in the summer
And now our apartment
Became a hayloft!
2. We don’t get sick with the flu anymore,
We are not afraid of drafts.
All tablets are replaced
We have a head of garlic!

3. I always catch myself
Admiration eyes!
Beauty to me and health
Giving tomatoes.
4. I got the secret of blush
At the great-grandmother Fyokla -
Best of all rouge overseas
Juice from our beets!

5. In summer, each clearing,
Like a tablecloth.
Delicious wild berry
At times feed us with you.
6. All clearings and bushes
We climbed in the forest.
Vitamins all there is
We stocked up for the winter.
Lesovik. You guys should remember:
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet.
Host: So our class hour is over. Many useful medicinal plants grow in the forests, in the fields, in the meadows of our region.
Let's carefully and attentively treat not only those plants that are listed in the Red Book, but also those that surround us everywhere.
The class ended with a tea party with fragrant herbs and honey.

1.A.A. Pleshakov. Atlas - determinant "From the earth to the sky"//
Moscow, Enlightenment, 2007.
2. E.A. Postnikova "Fundamentals of natural science and agricultural knowledge" // Moscow, "Vlados", 2001.
3. S. Aliyeva "Forest Pharmacy" // Yoshkar-Ola, 1999.
4.N.I. Panfilova, V.V. Sadovnikov "35 Saturdays plus holidays"//
Moscow, "New school", 2001.
5. I. D. Ageeva "500 new children's ditties" // Moscow, "Sfera Shopping Center", 2001
6. O. Zhurba "Travnik" // Moscow "Arnadia", 1998.
7.A.Yu.Nesterovskaya, T.D. Rendyuk "Healing plants of your star" // Moscow "Armada", 1995.
8. Internet - resources.

Ostashevskaya secondary school. Stadnikova V.I.

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