pyrethroid drugs. pyrethrin and synthetic pyrethroids. Action on harmful organisms
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Natural pyrethroids (pyrethrins) are found in the flowers of pyrethrum (Dalmatian chamomile), their analogues are artificially created synthetic pyrethroids.
The advantages of pyrethroids are the following properties:
In addition, synthetic pyrethroids are lipophilic substances that are well retained by the leaf cuticle and, penetrating to a limited extent, provide a deep insecticidal effect.
One of the most common pyrethroids at the moment is his.
Story
Dried flowers of some types of chamomile were used as still by the soldiers of Alexander the Great, then in ancient China and in the Middle Ages in Persia. the beginning scientific research of these substances can be considered 1694, when the plants of Dalmatian, or ash-leaved, chamomile, which grew wild in the Caucasus and Dalmatia (region of Yugoslavia), were first described.
Later it was found that the flowers of several species of chamomile (the genus Chrysanthemium of the Asteraceae family - Compositae) have insecticidal properties, but the Dalmatian chamomile (Chrysanthemium cinerafolis or Pyrethrum cinerariifolium), whose inflorescences contain up to 1.5% pyrethrin, has found the greatest distribution.
Precursor of pyrethroids
Precursor of pyrethroids
Insecticide "Flying killer" against household flying insects, produced in the 30-40s of the last century. It contained an extract of Pyrethrin 1 and Pyrethrin 2, as evidenced by the inscription on the package.
In Europe, dried and crushed inflorescences (feverfew), which have a remarkable property to kill cockroaches, bedbugs, flies and mosquitoes, became known more than 200 years ago thanks to merchants from Armenia who sold them as a Persian powder (“Persian dust”, “insect powder”) . Dalmatian chamomile has been introduced and successfully grown in Japan, Brazil and the USA. Since 1890, the production of mosquito sticks began in Japan, and subsequently spirals that burned for a long time and repelled midges. By 1938, the world produced about 18 thousand tons of dried flowers per year, of which about 70% in Japan.
The chemical study of the insecticidal activity of pyrethrum began in 1908. In the 1920s, the presence of a cyclopropane ring in pyrethrum molecules was proved and the structure of pyrethrin I and pyrethrin II was established. It was found that the insecticidal components of pyrethrum flowers contain six ketoesters of chrysanthemum and pyrethric acids, which are structurally very similar and determine the insecticidal activity of pyrethrum.
In the 30s of the XX century, based on the extraction of pyrethrins with organic solvents from chamomile flowers, the production of pyrethrum preparations began - viscous, heavy, white oils, almost odorless, insoluble in water and containing from 2-10 to 90% of a mixture of pyrethrins. Pyrethrins were mainly used for fighting and stocks. The drugs were harmless to humans and animals, but expensive to manufacture, unstable and quickly lost their insecticidal activity.
The study of the mechanism of their insecticidal action was of decisive importance for the further direction of the synthesis of new pyrethroids. As a result of further studies on the synthesis of pyrethroids, carried out at the Rotterdam Experimental Station (England), a highly active and stable in the external environment drug NRDC-143 () was created, obtained by incorporating dicacid into the pyrethrin molecule I.
In the USSR, the study of pyrethroid compounds was first started at VIZR in 1977.
Action on harmful organisms
High lipophilicity provides instant penetration of pyrethroids through the integument of insects, providing a quick defeat. Further, pyrethroids act on, causing paralysis and death.
Unlike many other compounds, pyrethroids act at low positive temperatures, which makes it possible to use them in the early spring. According to other data, the best results with the use of pyrethroids are possible at moderate positive temperatures.
: pyrethroids disrupt the process of sodium ion exchange, depolarizing the membrane and prolonging the opening of channels for sodium, also disrupt the exchange of calcium ions, leading to the release of a large amount of acetylcholine during the passage of a nerve impulse through the synaptic cleft.The protective effect lasts 15 - 20 days, - 20-30 days.
Pyrethroids are especially effective against Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Coleoptera insects.
A number of pyrethroids also have an acaricidal effect. For example, pronounced insectoacaricides are (talstar) and (maurik).
Enzyme attack on pyrethroids
Enzyme attack on pyrethroids
Directions of enzyme attack leading to deactivation of pyrethroids in a living organism. The arrows show the sites of hydrolysis under the action of esterases and hydroxylation (introduction of an oxygen atom into S-N connections) or epoxidation followed by oxidation and cleavage. The thickness of the arrows reflects the relative importance of one or another direction of attack:
. Long-term use of synthetic pyrethroids causes acquired resistance (group and cross) in insects. The level can reach ten thousand, which means that ten thousand times more substance must be used to destroy those resistant to any insecticidal substance compared to ordinary insects.Cross-resistance is also often manifested, in which the use of drugs based on one active substance leads to the appearance of races of insects that are resistant not only to this, but also to other active substances. Overcoming is a major challenge.
The appearance of resistant races is also associated with an increase in the activity of certain enzymes: in resistant insects, enzymes more effectively deactivate toxic substances that enter the body. If the insect simultaneously with the pyrethroid is treated with another compound that suppresses the activity of these enzymes, then the functional effect of the pyrethroid will be enhanced by slowing down the deactivation process. Knowing the mechanism of occurrence, they do so in practice, using a pyrethroid in combination with a substance (), which does not have insecticidal activity, but due to the inhibition of certain enzymes, which enhances the effect of the pyrethroid.
Application
. Pyrethroids are not phytotoxic.In agriculture
. Compared with natural pyrethrins, modern synthetic pyrethroids have higher insecticidal activity, photostability, and slower deactivation in insects, which makes it possible to use them to protect agricultural plants.In household plots
. In personal household plots, preparations based on permethrin, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, esfenvalerate are used.Toxicological characteristics
Pyrethroids are relatively stable on sunshine, on inanimate surfaces can last up to one year (). They move poorly in the soil, under the action of microflora they are destroyed within 2-4 weeks, they almost do not penetrate into plants. Their half-life (DT 50) on the surface of plants is 7 - 9 days, residues are detected within 20 - 25 days.
Due to lipophilicity, the substances are well retained by the leaf cuticle and are not washed off by rain, and the low vapor pressure ensures a long residual effect and prevents the spread of pyrethroids in the environment by air currents. These same physical properties limit the mobility of pyrethroids in the soil: due to good adsorption, the distribution of pyrethroids is possible only with soil erosion.
In water
. Pyrethroids are almost insoluble in water. Lipophilicity and insolubility cause high substances against insects and lack of action (pyrethroids are, in part, toxicants). The products of pyrethroid cleavage in the light have a reduced biological activity. The practically sufficient stability of pyrethroids in the environment is combined with their rapid inactivation (due to cleavage) in the system.When introduced into animal organism pyrethroids enter body fat and, moreover, they are excreted from adipose tissue within 3-4 weeks, and from the brain much faster. Pyrethroids are excreted from the body the faster, the more toxic the drug.
For warm-blooded
pyrethroids are less toxic than other groups. This is due to the fact that they are either immediately eliminated or metabolized (due to the lability of the ether bond), after which they are excreted from the body, and esterases that hydrolyze pyrethroids are much more active in the liver of warm-blooded animals than in insects.Cumulative properties are poorly expressed, with the exception of deltamethrin.
Into the human body
active substances can enter through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, intact skin. In the liver, pyrethroids undergo oxidation and hydrolysis to form glucuronates. The high rate of oxidation and excretion of these substances from the body is due to the presence of easily split structures in their molecule.Symptoms
. According to the toxic effect, synthetic pyrethroids are divided into two types. Type I includes substances that do not contain a cyano group (General characteristics of the group:
The use of pyrethroids in the form of powdered flowers of Dalmatian or Caucasian chamomile for the destruction of insects was known even before our era. But their chemical structure was established only in the middle of the 20th century. Feverfew is a "Persian powder", which is considered one of the best drugs in terms of speed of action on insects and harmlessness to humans. The active insecticidal principle is six close to each other chemical substances: pyrethrin-1, pyrethrin-2, cyperine-1, cyperine-2, jasmolin-1 and jasmolin-2, united under one name - pyrethrins. These compounds are active insecticides. They easily penetrate the body of insects, causing their paralysis and death. However, when receiving sublethal dosages, paralyzed insects can "recover" and restore normal vital activity. The disadvantage of pyrethrins is that they are quickly inactivated in air and are easily hydrolyzed by alkalis.
Currently, analogues of natural compounds, synthetic pyrethroids, are being studied especially intensively, the production of which currently exceeds 3000 tons per year. The main advantage of the substances of this group is their high insecticidal activity, with a pronounced selectivity of action, many times greater than the selectivity of FOS.
Of the synthetic pyrethroids, permethrin, cypermethrin and their most toxic isomers for arthropods, as well as butox, fenvalerate and others, have become widely used.
There are pyrethroids of the first generation (alletrin and other substances similar in structure to natural compounds), the second generation - derivatives of chrysanthemic acid (rimethrin, neopamine and others), the third generation - esters of permethrinic, cyclopropanecarboxylic, isovaleric acids (permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, deltamethrin ).
The most effective pyrethroids contain 2 or 3 asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule, as a result of which 4 or 8 isomers are formed during their synthesis, respectively. However, high insecticidal activity, as a rule, has 1 or 2 isomers.
Of the metabolic reactions in pesticides, the following are known: hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, etc. The rate of hydrolysis and the isomeric composition of the pyrethroid mainly determine its acute toxicity to mammals. Trans isomers hydrolyze faster than cis isomers and are therefore less toxic. The introduction of an alpha-cyano group increases toxicity, as ester hydrolysis slows down.
At the same time, it should be noted that the disadvantage of most synthetic pyrethroids is the lack of acaricidal action (although there is evidence of this in some of them), and therefore the use of pyrethroids in a mixture with organophosphorus insecticides has been proposed. Another disadvantage of this group is high toxicity to aquatic organisms, however, with proper precautions, it is quite possible to avoid their harmful effects on fish.
In addition, harmful insects quickly acquire resistance to synthetic pyrethroids, as a result of which the use of these insecticides must be alternated with the use of other insecticides. chemical compounds. A negative property of pyrethroids of the first and second generations is their low photostability.
According to the mechanism of action on the body of arthropods, pyrethroids can be attributed to potent neurotropic poisons, and their effect is more pronounced at low temperatures. It has been established that they affect mainly the sheaths of the nerves, and the increased activity of metabolic processes in the body of arthropods during high temperatures contributes to a more rapid disintegration of substances, weakening their action. Paralysis of arthropods is caused by direct blocking of the nerve, however, in some cases, with an increase in temperature, this effect is reversible.
According to the manifestation of symptoms of poisoning in arthropods, pyrethroids are divided into two types.
Exposure to pyrethroids of the first type (alletrin, neopamine, etc.) leads to an increase in the activity of arthropods, tremor, discoordination of movements and paralysis (knockdown). Drugs of the second type (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, etc.) cause a slow depolarization of the membrane and nerve endings, followed by blockade of nerve conduction, which is accompanied by paralysis. Drugs of the second type act somewhat more slowly than pyrethroids of the first type.
The main biological properties of synthetic pyrethroids are as follows:
- effective insecticidal effect on many species of arthropods in small doses;
- fast and deep paralyzing effect (knockdown) even in sublethal doses;
- the ability to enhance its action with a number of available relatively cheap substances (FOS).
The degree of toxicity of synthetic pyrethroids for warm-blooded animals is not the same. The nature of the symptoms of pyrethroid intoxication in warm-blooded animals is also not the same and depends, as well as the degree of toxicity, on the form (trans- or cis-) of the compounds. Thus, the significantly lower toxicity of the trans-isomer of bioresmetrin in comparison with the cis-isomer (cismetrin) is explained by the weaker effect of the former on the central nervous system. The trans isomer is cleared from the brain much faster than cismetrin.
Depending on the nature of the toxic effect on mammals, pyrethroids are divided into groups of cismetrin and detailmetrin.
For pyrethroid poisoning of the cismetrin group, increased sensitivity to external stimuli, spinal curvature, generalized tremor, muscle contractures and convulsions are characteristic, and for the deltamethrin group - salivation, chewing movements, tremor, hyperactivity, muscle contraction, convulsions.
In an experiment on white rats, when pyrethroids were taken through the alimentary canal and applied to the skin, changes were found in a number of indicators of the functional state of the liver (the activity of transamination enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, liver cholinesterase and blood serum, the content of total protein and urea), which indicate the hepatotoxicity of drugs of this groups.
Some drugs have a pronounced local irritant (decis, ambush) and skin-resorptive (decis) effect.
First aid and treatment for poisoning with synthetic pyrethroids.
Means of antidote therapy are absent. Treatment is carried out with the use of symptomatic fortifying agents.
First aid includes activities that can be carried out by the workers themselves. People who have the first signs of intoxication (headache, dizziness, nausea, general weakness etc.), must be immediately removed from work, removed from the contamination zone, freed from contaminated and restrictive clothing. If the pesticide gets on the skin, it must be removed (without rubbing) with cotton wool or a cloth, and then the area should be washed with soap and water or a weak soda solution. In case of contact with eyes, immediately rinse them thoroughly and abundantly with water, 2-3% solution of baking soda or boric acid (1 teaspoon per glass of water). When breathing is weakened - give a sniff ammonia. When entering the body through the alimentary canal, immediately give the victim a few glasses of (preferably warm) water with activated charcoal, or burnt magnesia, or other adsorbents to drink, and then induce vomiting by irritation of the posterior pharyngeal wall. This should be repeated several times for a more complete removal of the drug from the body, after which it is necessary to give a glass of water with 2 tablespoons to drink. activated carbon, and then a saline laxative (20 g of Glauber's salt or magnesium sulfate in half a glass of water). Do not give castor oil as a laxative.
After providing first aid, the victim should be taken to the hospital.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women, adolescents under 18 years of age are not allowed to work with synthetic pyrethroids.
In the workplace, personal hygiene rules must be strictly observed. The duration of work with drugs should not exceed 6 hours a day.
After work, remove overalls and protective equipment without removing gloves from your hands, then wash gloves with soap and rinse in a neutralizing solution (3-5% soda ash solution, 0.5% potassium permanganate solution or 3-5% chloramine solution), then rinse in running water and remove from hands. In addition, wash your face with water and rinse your mouth.
The container contaminated with the drug is neutralized by filling for 5-6 hours with a 3-5% solution of soda ash, after which it is washed with water. The remains of the preparations are neutralized with a 5% solution of caustic alkali or an aqueous suspension of slaked lime or bleach (suspension in water 1: 3). Neutralized pesticide residues and flush water after processing containers and overalls are poured into a pit with a depth of at least 0.5 m, located away from water sources and grazing areas, and then buried.
Permethrin(anometrin, ambush, vismetrin, exmin, talkord, paunas, perol) - light oily liquid or crystals with a slight odor. Melting point 34-39°C, boiling point 200°C at 1.33 Pa (0.01 mmHg). Solubility in water - 10 mg/kg, readily soluble in most organic solvents. The technical preparation contains a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers in a ratio of 2:3, as well as 10% of various impurities. The drug belongs to moderately toxic, has a moderate cumulation (K.k - 3.8), a moderately pronounced local irritant effect, penetrates the skin and is a weak allergen.
When studying the toxic properties of permethrin and its various formulations, the following picture of poisoning was established: damage to the central and peripheral nervous system - tremor, impaired coordination of movements, clinical toxic convulsions, paresis of the hind limbs. Pathological studies revealed: vascular disorders in various parts of the central nervous system and internal organs, degenerative changes in the brain, liver, kidneys.
Permethrin is used as a contact insecticide, against some insects, it is more active than FOS and carbamate compounds. Gives a quick effect, affecting adults, eggs and especially larvae. Not resistant to water and soil.
In the experiments of M.A. Silitsky et al. showed that permethrin and sumitin in the form of acetone solutions had insecticidal activity against house flies, 30-40 times higher than neopinamin and tetramethrin. The residual insecticidal effect of permethrin on clean surfaces of the aerosol chamber was maintained long time, significantly exceeding the residual effect of neopamine.
In a comparative study of a 1% aqueous emulsion of permethrin, rovikurt, cymbush and isatrin at a concentration of 40-60 ml/m2, the death of adult sheep gadfly was noted within 7 days after treatment. S.N. Lutsuk found that ambush and cymbush at 0.1% concentration retained acaricidal activity for 15 days, but 100% death of arthropods was not observed.
Permethrin is included in a significant number of currently produced insecticidal preparations recommended for use in veterinary practice.
The drug is produced by a number of foreign companies and the domestic industry in the form of 25-59% a.e., 25% w.p., 25% microencapsulated emulsion (kyudos), 5% ULV solution, dusts and other formulations.
Riapan-dust. Contains 0.5% permethrin, used to fight fleas, bedbugs, cockroaches. Dust consumption rate - 10-15 g/m2.
Riapan-M. Contains concentrate in 1.2 and 5 ml ampoules. The contents of the ampoules are diluted in 100 ml of water and 40% of sugar waste is added. The liquid is applied with a brush to the places where the flies are concentrated. Consumption rate - 100 ml per 50 m2.
Ribor. Powder containing 0.25% permethrin and 50% boric acid. Used for insect control at the rate of 3-5 g/m2.
MP insorbid. Powder containing 0.5% permethrin and boric acid. It is used to combat fleas, bedbugs and cockroaches. The drug is applied to the habitats of insects. The consumption rate is 2.5-10 g/m2.
Perol, rubezol, amizol, permen- aerosol preparations in cans. They contain 0.5-2% permethrin and mixtures of propane and butane or 11-12 grade A refrigerants as propellants. Aerosols are designed to kill crawling insects and treat fly landing sites. Perol is also available as a 5% emulsion concentrate. For the treatment of wounds infested with larvae of the wolfart fly, an aqueous emulsion of perol was used at a dilution of 1:5, and with a single treatment of myiasis without mechanical destruction of the larvae, the drug caused 100% death of the larvae and good wound healing in the absence of additional appearance of larvae in them.
On the basis of permethrin, domestic enterprises and foreign firms produce a large number of lotions that are used in veterinary practice against lice, fleas and other ectoparasites.
"Perfolon", "Azudin", "Kreffi". The lotion is applied to the coat of pets at the rate of 2-3 ml/dm2 of the body surface, lightly rubbing into the skin. After 20 minutes, the agent is removed with a wet swab.
Miatrin series II- 1% permethrin solution. The drug has a high therapeutic effect(ee 89.0-90.6%). Spend it at the rate of 4 ml per animal.
Delix-puron- insectoacaricidal preparation containing 0.45% permethrin, isopropyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide as an active ingredient. It is a clear light yellow liquid. Delix-puron is produced in bottles of 15, 100 and 150 ml. Shelf life 2 years from the date of manufacture, stored at a temperature of 4° to 35°C. The drug is an insecticide-acaricidal agent of intestinal-contact action. Active against sarcoptoid mites, lice, fleas and withers that parasitize cats and dogs. It is a low-toxic compound for warm-blooded animals. In the recommended doses, it does not have an irritating and sensitizing effect. The drug is applied (at the rate of 2 ml/kg of animal weight) on the back along the spinal column, lightly rubbing into the skin.
It is not allowed to use delix-puron for pregnant and lactating females, as well as for puppies and kittens up to 2 months of age. Within 10-12 hours after treatment, pets should not be stroked and pets should not be allowed near small children.
When working with Delix-Puron, rubber gloves should be used.
Puron celandine. As an active ingredient, it contains 0.5% permethrin, isopropyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide. The drug is a transparent light yellow liquid packaged in polymer bottles of 30, 50, 100 and 150 ml. The shelf life of the drug is 18 months from the date of manufacture.
The drug is active against sarcoptoid mites, lice, fleas and withers that parasitize cats and dogs. It is a low-toxic compound for warm-blooded animals. Apply celandine-puron in the same way as delix-puron and with the same precautions.
"Celandine-zooshampoo"- contains 0.4% permethrin and surfactants. By appearance this detergent insecticidal agent is a homogeneous transparent liquid of light yellow color.
The preparation mixes up with water in any ratios, is issued packaged in polymeric bottles on 150 and 200 ml. Zooshampoo is stored at a temperature from minus 10° to plus 30°C, the warranty period is 1 year. The drug is an effective insecticidal agent of intestinal-contact action, is active against fleas, lice and withers, has low toxicity for warm-blooded animals.
Before treatment, the skin and hairline of the animal is abundantly moistened with warm water, then shampoo is applied at the rate of 0.5-1.0 ml per 1 kg of animal weight until a rich foam is obtained, avoiding contact with mucous membranes. After 5-7 minutes, the shampoo is thoroughly washed off with warm water, the hair is combed with a comb and dried.
Shampoos "Devon" and "Rex" contain 0.2% synthetic pyrethroid permethrin and an aqueous solution of surfactants. In appearance, "Devon" is transparent, from light yellow to Brown liquid, and "Rex" - a viscous dispersed mass of light green color. The preparations are easily mixed with water and used at a dose of 0.5-1.0 ml per 1 kg of animal weight. The technology of application, storage and precautions are the same as the above-described zoo shampoos.
In addition, on the basis of permethrin, the Volgograd JSC "Khimprom" for the fight against ectoparasites and, first of all, against sheep psoroptosis, produces the following drugs:
Zoo shampoo "Tuzik". Homogeneous liquid orange color with a slight aromatic odor (miscible with water in any ratio), the content of permethrin is 2.5%. Cosmetic shampoo is used as fillers. The drug is moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals, with mild cumulation (K.k-8.5), does not have a hepatotoxic effect.
Zoo shampoo "Tuzik" is used for the treatment and prevention of demodicosis and other ectoparasites. To do this, 30-40 ml of shampoo is poured onto the wetted hair of the animal and rubbed well, and after 3-4 hours it is thoroughly washed off. The treatment is repeated after 10 days.
Studies of the content of permethrin on the wool of treated animals showed that in cats 10 days after purchase, its level was 23.3 mg/kg, in dogs - 2.5 mg/kg.
PECT- the insectoacaricide contains 50% permethrin, a solvent and an emulsifier, is a liquid from yellow to dark brown, emulsifies well with water.
The drug is produced in the form of an emulsion concentrate, packaged in glass bottles 1 and 20 liters, in polyethylene canisters of 5 and 20 liters, or in metal barrels with non-corrosive internal coating with a capacity of 250-300 liters. Store in its original packaging, protected from light, at a temperature of minus 10 to plus 25°C. Shelf life 1 year from the date of manufacture. PECT has a contact and systemic insectoacaricidal action, is active against ixodid mites, lice and runts.
The drug is moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals, in the recommended doses it does not have a local irritating and sensitizing effect. Toxic to fish and bees.
PECT is applied by bathing and spraying animals with an aqueous emulsion, as well as by watering using a native emulsion concentrate.
Sheep and goats are bathed in the warm season, in dry weather, at a temperature not lower than 18°C, using a 0.08% aqueous emulsion of PEKT in the fight against melophagosis and syphunculosis and a 0.1% aqueous emulsion against ixodid ticks. The temperature of the coupon emulsions should be within 20-25°C, the duration of bathing is 30-60 seconds. Refueling bath produced after processing 250 animals. At the same time, for every 1000 liters of water added to the bath, 1.6 liters of PECT are added (using a 0.08% emulsion). After bathing 2000 sheep or goats, the bath is recharged with a newly prepared working emulsion. It is not allowed to process milking, pregnant, tired and thirsty animals, as well as to bathe lambs and kids after weaning together with the uterus.
Spraying of sheep and goats is carried out from disinfection units (LSD, DUK, VDM), using a 0.1% aqueous emulsion with a consumption rate of 1 liter per animal.
To neutralize the treated working emulsions and wash waters, they are poured into drain hole and fill each layer with gruel of slaked lime: when filling the pit by 0.5 m, it is buried.
In the cold season, sheep and goats are treated with PEKT emulsion concentrate in native form by watering with a thin stream, parting the coat, at a dose of 4 ml per 10 kg of animal weight.
Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 10 days after processing. In case of forced slaughter of animals earlier than the specified period, the meat can be used for food for carnivores or in the production of meat and bone meal.
Paisol- homogeneous brown liquid containing 2% permethrin. Produced in aerosol packaging.
Anometrin- mobile liquid from yellow to red-brown color with a content of 25% permethrin.
Perocles- homogeneous from yellow to brown liquid containing 0.5% permethrin.
Pedems- yellow-brown liquid, contains 20% permethrin.
Paste- homogeneous yellow-brown liquid containing 20% permethrin.
Insecticide pyrotechnic checkers- are intended for disinfection of premises against flies, mosquitoes, bugs, cockroaches and other insects.
Currently, in veterinary medicine, there are several types of smoke bombs based on permethrin and a pyrotechnic mixture. Insecticidal pyrotechnic checkers are called SHIP - insecticidal pyrotechnic checkers. Weight checkers SHIP-1 - 10 g, SHIP-2 - 50 g, SHIP-3 - 600 g. Permethrin content - 7%.
The volume of the room processed by one checker depends on which insects need to be destroyed. If these are flies and mosquitoes, then SHIP-3 is enough for 8000 m3, if bedbugs, then for 2000 m3, and if cockroaches, then only 500 m3.
When the checker is ignited, the pyrotechnic mixture smolders, releasing a thick white cloud containing permethrin in an aerosol state.
Entrance to the premises after ventilation is allowed after 30 minutes. The slaughter of calves and pigs that were in an aerosolized room is allowed after 8 days.
Cypermethrin(cymbush, arrivo, ripcord, folkcord, emperor, purell, sherpa, ectomine, ectopor). Contains 40% cis and 60% trans isomers. Pure isomers are colorless crystals, a mixture of isomers is a viscous yellowish liquid with a slight odor. Boiling point 300°C. Solubility in water up to 0.01 mg/l, soluble in most organic solvents. Hydrolyzes rapidly in an alkaline environment. Low resistance in the environment, quickly decomposes in the soil. Cypermethrin and its analogues are highly toxic in oily solutions. When administered intragastrically to rats, LD50 is 450 mg/kg, with the introduction of an aqueous suspension of more than 4000 mg/kg. It has a moderately pronounced irritant effect. Cumulative properties are not expressed, weak allergen. Insecticide of contact and intestinal action. It is especially effective against larvae, but can also be used against adults and eggs of harmful insects. Available as 10, 25 and 40% emulsion concentrate (10 and 25% a.e. arrivo), 5% wetting powder and other forms.
Cypermethrin in sublethal doses inhibits oviposition in adults and feeding of larvae. According to V.K. Blizzards, cypermethrin, anometrin, cygip and barricade have high efficiency in the fight against stages II and III of the larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly and can be used to treat cattle. The same researcher found that cygip (15% a.e. cypermethrin) at a dose of 3-10 ml / kg and its 0.1-0.4% emulsion at a dose of 200 ml, anometrin (one of the isomers of cypermethrin) - 10% a.e. and its 0.1-0.5% emulsion, when applied to the skin of young cattle by watering and wetting the coat in the back area, does not cause changes in the liver and deviations in breathing, heart function and animal behavior. A.S. Davydov reported that a single treatment of poultry farms with 0.1% emulsion of cymbush at the rate of 200 ml/m2 of area led to the complete release of poultry houses from Persian ticks, and during the whole season there were no more attacks of ticks on birds. For the destruction of synotropic insects, a 0.1-1% aqueous emulsion of the parasect (5% cypermethrin) is used, and bed bugs - a 0.01% aqueous emulsion. For the destruction of adults of mosquitoes in the premises, a 0.1% -0.2% aqueous emulsion is used.
Ripcord- 40% ee, in the form of a 0.1% aqueous emulsion, is recommended for use only for processing vegetation, reed fences and mosquito concentration areas in open stations.
Fendon- 5% wetting powder manufactured by Shell (England) is used in the form of 0.1-0.01% aqueous suspension for the destruction of synanthropic insects in places of their concentration and movement. The residual insecticidal effect of the drug is 1-3 months.
Hinmix- 25% composition of cypermethrin, which includes the emulsifier emulsogen AG-2222 and petrolium. In appearance, it is a viscous yellowish-brown mass, turns into a liquid at 40-50°C. The drug is moderately toxic: LD50 for mice 204 mg/kg, for white rats 715 mg/kg body weight. The drug is recommended for combating ectoparasites of animals by bathing with a therapeutic purpose at a concentration of 1:200, and with a prophylactic one 1:400.
On the basis of cypermethrin, various Russian enterprises produce: dust "Insorbcid-neo" (0.24% d.w.), dust "Cimtal" (0.006% d.w.), insecticide-C (0.2% d.w. ), insecticidal pencils ("Hoarfrost", "Baubas", "Nika", "Virtoks", etc.), containing different amounts of cypermethrin - from 0.3% to 5%; wetting powder "Cipermax" (3.75% d.v.), as well as preparations in aerosol packaging - "Ciperol", "Cydem".
Cypenol- insectoacaricidal preparation, contains 2.5% cypermethrin and organic emulsifiers. Appearance is a clear dark brown liquid. The drug is produced packaged in glass or polyethylene containers of 1-20 ml, 500, 1000 ml, 3, 5, 10, 20 liters. Cypenol is stored at a temperature of 0°C to 25°C for 24 months from the date of manufacture. Cypenol is an effective insecticide with a residual effect on surfaces up to 3 weeks. The drug is classified as a moderately toxic compound for warm-blooded animals. Cypenol is used in the form of a foam or an aqueous emulsion for disinfestation (in the absence of animals) of livestock, poultry and utility rooms in order to combat zoophilic arthropods. The premises are treated with a 5% emulsion of the drug with a consumption rate of 150-200 ml / m2, after a 3-hour exposure, the room is ventilated for 60 minutes, the feeders and drinkers are washed, dead arthropods are removed, and then animals or birds are introduced. When poisoning animals with cypenol, it is recommended to administer intravenously 10% calcium chloride solution and 40% glucose solution.
Cyperyl- pale yellow or yellow liquid with an aromatic odor, containing 5% cypermethrin, well emulsifying in water. Produced by NPO Narvak (Russia) in glass or polyethylene containers with a capacity of 0.06-0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 liters. Shelf life in original packaging at temperatures from minus 20°C to plus 30°C - 24 months.
Cyperyl has a wide spectrum of action on insects and ticks, causing their paralysis and then death. For warm-blooded animals, the drug is moderately toxic (DC50 with oral administration of cyperyl for rats 2080 mg/kg).
Cyperil is used to protect against arthropod ectoparasites by spraying 0.005-0.0125% emulsions with an interval of 7-10 days, the consumption of the emulsion is 0.5-4 liters, depending on the size of the animal. Sheep with psoroptosis are bathed in a 0.005% aqueous emulsion. The bath is topped up with 0.0075% emulsion after bathing 300 unshorn or 400 sheared sheep. For disinsection and desacarization of livestock and poultry premises, a 0.0125% aqueous emulsion of cyperyl is used, with a consumption rate of 0.1-0.2 l / m2 by spraying, without the presence of animals and birds.
Mustang- 10% aqueous emulsion concentrate (flow type), is moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals and has a local irritating effect. This insectoacaricide of intestinal contact action is active against sarcoptoid, ixodid ticks, bed bugs, lice, fleas, zoophilous flies and other arthropods. It has a long residual effect on surfaces. The drug is a yellowish-brown or beige liquid with a slight specific odor; forms an emulsion with water white color. The Mustang is released packaged in plastic containers 0.25, and 5 liters. Stored for 2 years in original packaging at temperatures from minus 5°C to plus 35°C. The drug is used for disinsection of livestock, poultry and utility rooms in order to combat zoophilic flies, ixodid ticks, bird ectoparasites, fleas, as well as for the treatment and prevention of animal sarcoptoidosis. For the destruction of synanthropic and zoophilic insects and mites, the drug is used in the form of a 0.001-0.05% aqueous emulsion. The duration of the residual insectoacaricidal action on the treated surfaces is 1.5-2 months. In the experiments of K.M. Khaidarov and A.A. Davletklychev showed the high efficiency of this drug even in the form of a 0.0005% aqueous emulsion for sarcoptic mange in sheep and goats and 0.001% aqueous emulsion for sarcoptic mange in camels. However, the processing of milking, emaciated and damaged animals is not allowed. Slaughter for meat is allowed no earlier than 10 days after processing.
Cidipeg (dispur)- insecticidal composition based on synthetic pyrethroid cypermethirine (3%) and auxiliary components. The drug is a clear oily light yellow liquid. Cidipeg is produced packaged in dark glass bottles with a screw cap, with a capacity of 10-100 ml. Store the drug for 12 months from the date of manufacture in a place inaccessible to children and animals, separately from food products and feed at temperatures from minus 35°С to plus 40°С.
The drug cidipeg is active against sarcoptoid and ixodid ticks, lice, fleas and withers that parasitize domestic and productive animals. The drug belongs to compounds that are moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals.
For the treatment of domestic animals, it is applied along the spinal column by watering at the rate of 3 ml per 1 kg of animal weight, pigs weighing 70-100 kg - 7.5 ml, 100-150 kg - 15, 200-300 kg - 25 ml twice with interval of 5-7 days.
To destroy fleas in a room where animals are kept, the floor and walls are treated to a height of up to 1 meter from the floor level, as well as the bedding. The drug is applied in strips with a moistened swab at the rate of 0.5 ml per 100 cm2. Processing is carried out 2-3 times with an interval of 10-14 days.
Tsimbush- in the composition of the insectoacaricide 25% cypermethrin, produced in the form of an emulsion concentrate that mixes well with water. According to Zh.M. Isimbekov, with a low-volume spraying method in the form of a 0.03-0.04% aqueous emulsion at the rate of 250 ml per young animal and 500 ml for an adult animal, cymbush is very effective for controlling midges. The residual effect of pyrethroid is 2-7 days. For complete protection against midges, 10-15 systematic treatments must be done. According to L.3. Zolotukhina, cymbush (1% aqueous emulsion) at a dose of 0.42 ml/cm2 causes the death of adult sheep gadfly within 7 days after treatment.
Biorex GC- insectoacaricidal preparation, in the form of an emulsion concentrate, containing 2.5% cypermethrin as an active ingredient and auxiliary components. It is a homogeneous liquid, emulsifies well with water, forming a milky white emulsion. Biorex GC is produced packaged in glass, polyethylene, steel containers with a capacity of 0.05-200 dm3. The drug is stable when stored at temperatures from minus 25°C to plus 44°C. Shelf life - 12 months from the date of manufacture.
Biorex GC has an enteric-contact, acaricidal effect, is active against sarcoptoid, ixodid ticks and insects that parasitize cattle and pigs. The drug is moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals. Biorex GC is used to control ectoparasites in the form of an aqueous emulsion containing 0.005-0.025% cypermethrin. To prepare 100 liters of 0.005% working emulsion of the drug, take 0.2 liters of Biorex GC and 99.8 liters of water, to prepare 100 liters of 0.25% working emulsion - 1 liter of Birex GC and 99 liters of water, respectively.
Cattle are sprayed using mechanical devices with a 0.005% aqueous emulsion of Biorex-GC at a consumption rate, depending on the weight of the animal, of 1.5-3.0 liters per head.
Pigs are sprayed with a 0.025% aqueous emulsion of Biorex-GC at a rate of 300-500 ml per animal. If necessary, the treatment of animals is carried out at intervals of 7-10 days. It is forbidden to treat lactating and pregnant women with Biorex-GC 2 weeks before the birth of animals. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 30 days after the last treatment.
For the treatment of premises in order to prevent ectoparasites in animals, a 0.005% aqueous emulsion of Biorex-GC is used with a consumption rate of 200-400 ml/m2. Spraying is carried out in the absence of animals. Before introducing animals, the room is ventilated for 30 minutes. Feeders and drinkers are washed with a 3% solution of soda ash and rinsed with water.
Ectopor- 2% emulsion of cypermethrin, is a transparent yellow-brown liquid, available in plastic bottles of 0.5 liters, which at the same time are a device for applying the drug. Ectopor is manufactured by Novartis Animal Health, Switzerland. The drug is usually well tolerated by animals. Ectopor is a highly effective remedy for combating ixodid ticks, sheep bloodsuckers, lice, flies and other insects. We used this drug to combat the larvae of the Wolfart fly; we treated once-bitten wounds in sheep without removing the larvae from the wound. The drug caused the death of all larvae within a few hours, and wound healing occurred without colonization by new larvae. The drug has a long residual effect on the skin and hairline (up to 8 weeks). Moderately toxic to warm-blooded animals. Ectopor is applied to the back of cattle at a dose of 10 ml with a weight of up to 300 kg and 20 ml with a weight of more than 300 kg; pigs at a dose of 1 ml per 4 kg of body weight (maximum 20 ml per animal). It is not recommended to use ectopor 3 days before the slaughter of animals. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 10 days after processing. The waiting period for milk is 3 days after the last treatment. The drug is stored in its original packaging at a temperature of -3 to +35°C. Shelf life - 2 years.
Ectomin- 10% cypermethrin emulsion concentrate, used to protect all types of farm animals against sarcoptoid mites, flies of all types, sheep fleece. The drug is effective against arthropods resistant to COS, FOS and carbamates. For spraying cattle, sheep, pigs, birds use 15-20 ml of the drug per 20 liters of water, for bathing - 1 liter per 1 ton; for treatment of premises - 200-400 ml per 20 liters of water. The drug is not used 3 days before slaughter.
Acrosol- an insectoacaricidal preparation containing as an active substance a synthetic pyrethroid alfametrin - 0.1%, surfactants, organic solvents and a propellant. Alfamethrin is one of the isomers of cypermethrin. In appearance, it is a light yellow emulsion with a slight specific odor.
Acrosol is produced in propellant-free plastic cylinders, in aerosol packages and glass bottles with a capacity of 500 cm3, 205 cm3 and 10 cm3, respectively, and weighing 450 g, 170 g and 9.5 g, respectively.
Store acrosol in fireproof rooms at temperatures from minus 50°C to plus 50°C. Expiration date - 12 months from the date of production.
The drug is recommended for combating parasitic diseases of fur-bearing animals and dogs. This contact insect-acaricidal agent is active against pathogens of otodectosis, sarcoptoidosis, animal psoroptosis, and has a long residual effect on the skin and hairline.
Acrosol has low toxicity for warm-blooded animals, does not have mutagenic properties, the presence of allergic reactions in animals is possible only on the first day after the action of the drug. J.M. Tunkel showed that when applied seven times to shaved skin areas, acrosol does not negative action on the liver, as well as on its protein-forming function and protein content in the blood serum, hippuric acid in the urine, on the activity of cholinesterase and alkaline phosphatase.
For the treatment of one animal in the treatment of ear scabies, 1.5-2.0 ml of the drug is consumed. In order to destroy pathogens of entomosis (fleas, lice, withers) of fur-bearing animals, acrosol is used by spraying the skin and hairline, directing the aerosol torch from a distance of 15-20 cm for 2-3 seconds. It is not allowed to handle pregnant females later than 2 weeks before whelping, and puppies under one month of age.
Do not use Acrosol near open fire, heat it above +50°C, disassemble the cylinders filled with acrosol.
Geletrin- the drug is a water-based gel, which includes 2% alphamethrin. In appearance, it is a colorless gel-forming mass with a slight specific odor.
Geletrin is produced packaged in aluminum tubes, polymer tightly closed cans with a capacity of 100 to 200 g. The drug is stored in its original packaging at a temperature of 0 ° C to 30 ° C. Guaranteed shelf life - 12 months from the date of manufacture.
Geletrin is an insecticidal and acaricidal means of contact action, active against fleas, lice, withers, as well as causative agents of otodectosis and demodicosis of dogs. It belongs to a compound that is not dangerous for warm-blooded animals.
2 hours before use, a 0.05% aqueous solution of geletrin is prepared, for which 25 ml of the drug is taken per 1 liter of warm water (+30-40 ° C) and thoroughly mixed.
In case of dog entomosis, an aqueous solution of the drug is applied to the skin and hairline, 1.5-4 ml per 1 kg of animal weight, evenly distributed over the body, avoiding contact with the mucous membranes, and after 15-20 minutes, the hair is combed with a fine comb and dried.
For the treatment of otodectosis, the auricles and auditory canals are cleaned of scabs, sulfur and impurities, then with a swab moistened with a working solution, the drug is rubbed into the surface of the auricle for 3-5 seconds, then its base is lightly massaged. If necessary, re-treatment is carried out after 6-7 days.
With demodicosis, the affected areas are cleaned of crusts and scabs, and then a solution of the drug at a dose of 4 ml per 1 kg of animal weight is applied to the affected areas, capturing healthy skin areas from the periphery to the center by 0.5-1 cm. Treatments are repeated after 7 days in combination with symptomatic therapy.
Intavir. Wetting powder containing 9.3% cypermethrin. The drug is used for arachnoentomoses of cattle, pigs, dogs and rabbits in the form of 0.067-1.3% (according to the preparation) of aqueous suspensions by spraying from sprayers that provide fine dispersion.
For the treatment of cattle affected by psoroptosis, a 1.3% suspension of Intavir is used against ixodid ticks, and 1.0% for syfunculatosis, with a consumption rate of 1.5-2 liters per animal. Processing of dairy cows is not permitted.
In the treatment of pigs with sarcoptic mange, 1.3% is used, and with syphunculatosis, 1.0% aqueous suspension of Intavir is used by spraying, with a consumption rate of 0.1-0.5 liters per animal.
With psoroptosis of rabbits, a 1.0% aqueous suspension of the drug is applied with a pipette or syringe to the inner surface of the auricle at the rate of 3-5 ml, after which it is lightly massaged.
For the treatment of premises, a 1.0% aqueous suspension of Intavir is used at the rate of 150-200 ml/m2 of the treated surface.
To kill fleas, lice and withers in dogs, they are sprayed with a 0.67% aqueous suspension of Intavir at the rate of 10 ml / kg of animal weight; for short-haired dogs, the consumption rate is reduced by 2 times. After 15-20 min. after applying the drug, the dogs are bathed in warm water. Processing is carried out twice with an interval of 7-10 days.
Deltamethrin(decametrin, decis, butox, K-otrin, puron, K-otrin flow, Oradelt dust, Druzhok, Friend, Violon zoo shampoos), White crystalline substance. Practically insoluble in water. It dissolves well in ethanol, acetone, most aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic solvents, resistant to light. It has an irritant and skin-resorptive effect. Highly toxic to bees and fish. Cumulative properties are not pronounced (KK more than 5). Weak allergen. Low resistance in the environment. There is no mutagenic and carcinogenic neurotoxic activity. Deltamethrin for insects is 2680-5500 times more toxic than for rats. Its mechanism of action is determined by its influence on the oxidase system of mammals; deltamethrin rapidly degrades in animals compared to arthropods. T.N. Panypina found that decis has a stronger effect on young animals (LD50 17-14 mg/kg) than on mature animals (LC50 59 mg/kg).
Puron on deltamethrin(7.5 g/l) provides protection of animals from Hyppobosca equna and Haematobia irritans by 90-100%.
Butox- 5% a.e., is a light yellow oily liquid, well emulsified in water, with a slight specific odor. Store butoks - at a temperature from - 15 °C to +25 °C. Shelf life 2 years from the date of manufacture. The drug has a wide spectrum of insect-acaricidal action. Active against ixodid and scabies mites, flies, bedbugs and other ectoparasites of animals.
Butox is used in the form of an aqueous emulsion for the treatment of animals by spraying, bathing or applying on scarred wounds.
The working emulsion of the drug is prepared immediately before use.
Various experiments have proven the high efficiency of Butox against psoroptosis of cattle and small ruminants, ixodid ticks, in the prevention of volfartiosis during the shearing period of sheep and the treatment of myiasis wounds in animals.
Butox is recommended for combating psoroptosis and tick infestation in cattle and small cattle in the form of a 0.005% aqueous emulsion by spraying or bathing with a consumption rate of 1-4 liters per animal, and for treating horses against ixodid ticks in the form of a 0.05% aqueous emulsion using a low-volume method. spraying. In case of wolfarthiosis, animals are treated with preventive purpose after shearing with 0.1% aqueous emulsion by low-volume spraying at a flow rate of 100-130 ml/head or large-drop spraying at a flow rate of 300-400 ml/head. The period of protective action in this case is 9 days. Individual treatment of scarred wounds is carried out with a 0.1% emulsion as infested animals are detected.
Before carrying out mass treatments, each batch of butox is preliminarily tested on a group (10-15 heads) of animals of different fatness and age, which are observed for 2-3 days.
For the treatment of poultry houses in order to destroy chicken mites, bed bugs, Persian mites, butox is recommended to be used in the form of 0.005-0.0075% aqueous emulsions (according to a.w.). Poultry houses are sprayed from de-installations at a consumption rate of 50-100 ml of an aqueous emulsion per 1 m2 of the treated surface. Processing of poultry houses is carried out in the absence of a bird. Placement of the bird is allowed no earlier than 2 days after a thorough 2-3-hour ventilation of the treated room and decontamination of the equipment.
Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 20 days after the last use of the drug. It is not allowed to process dairy cows.
Neutralize residues and containers with a 3-5% solution of soda ash or an aqueous suspension of slaked lime or bleach in a ratio of 1:3. Neutralized insecticide residues and flush water are poured into a pit located away from water sources and grazing areas, and buried to a depth of at least 0.5 meters.
K-otrin(Butoflin) is an insecticidal drug, the active ingredient of which is deltamethrin (2.5%). It is an oily light yellow liquid with a slight specific odor; when mixed with water, it forms a white emulsion. The drug has low toxicity: LD50 when administered orally for rats is 40,000 mg/kg of body weight. In contrast to FOS, K-otrin practically does not pass through the creatine layer of the skin and, therefore, does not enter the circulatory system. It is known that in mammals there is an esterase enzyme that decomposes deltamethrin into alcohol and non-toxic acid, which explains its good tolerance by warm-blooded animals. These enzymes are rarely found in insects.
K-otrin is an effective means of combating animal ectoparasites; it is used in sufficiently low concentrations of aqueous emulsions for spraying animals and premises by large-drop, low-volume and ultra-low-volume methods. For treatments against hypodermatosis of cattle, aqueous emulsions of K-otrin are used at a concentration of 0.025-0.5% at the rate of 0.5-1 liter per animal. To protect sheep from attack by myiasis flies, spraying with a 0.01% aqueous emulsion of K-otrin is effective. The period of protective action is 7 days. The use of 1% aqueous emulsion of K-otrin for ultra-low-volume spraying ensures 100% death of larvae in sheep wounds, protecting against reinvasion for 8-9 days.
Oradelt-dust. Light gray powder containing 0.05% deltamethrin. Recommended for pest control. Dust consumption rate is 0.5-2.5 g/m2, residual effect is 3-4 weeks.
Deltacid- chalk-based insecticidal pencil, which includes deltamethrin - 0.125%. Pencil weight 25-30 g. The drug is active against fleas, flies, cockroaches, bed bugs. In case of entomosis of dogs on the back, neck of the animal deltacid, 4-5 strips 2-4 cm wide are applied. A day after treatment, the animals are washed with warm water and soap. In rooms where insects live, strips 2-4 cm wide are evenly applied, spending one pencil per 30 m2. Remove the preparation with a wet method after 1-2 weeks, leave it in places inaccessible to birds and animals for 3-4 weeks, after which the surfaces are washed with a 10% soda solution.
"Friend"- zoo shampoo, physical mixture of deltamethrin 0.005-0.0005% and detergent. The drug is a homogeneous opalescent liquid of pink color, it foams well. Zoo shampoo is recommended for the control of ectoparasites of domestic animals.
For this purpose, the contents of the bottle (100 ml) are mixed with 2.6 liters of water and the coat and skin of the animal are abundantly moistened. After 1 hour, wash off with warm water and wipe the animal dry.
When using the Violona zoo shampoo (it contains 0.001% deltamethrin), it is mixed with water in a ratio of 1: 4 and rubbed against the animal's coat with a sponge, wetting it abundantly and distributing it over the entire surface of the skin and hairline. Dogs should not be washed after treatment, cats are left for 1 hour, after which they are washed with warm water and wiped dry.
Delcid- insecticide. In appearance, the drug is a homogeneous oily, transparent, yellow liquid. Delcid is produced in the form of an emulsion concentrate, the drug is stable during storage, emulsifies well with water, forming a white emulsion. Delcid is packaged in glass or polymer containers with a capacity of 0.05-20.0 dm3. Store it in its original packaging at a temperature of minus 10 C to plus 30 C. Shelf life - 24 months from the date of manufacture. Delcid has pronounced insecticidal properties against sarcoptoid mites and insects of the Mallophaga and Siphnculata families. Low toxicity for warm-blooded animals, at recommended doses it does not have a local irritating and sensitizing effect. The drug acts on ticks and insects by contact or orally, while the emission caused by neurotoxin is manifested by the following symptoms: excitability - impaired coordination of movements - paralysis - lethargy - death.
Delcid is used to treat animals and prevent psoroptosis by bathing in an aqueous emulsion prepared at the rate of 1.25 liters of delcid per 1000 liters of water (0.005%), the bath time is 1 minute; head dive 1 time. Sheep are bathed for therapeutic purposes twice with an interval of 8-10 days, for prophylactic purposes - once. With psoroptosis of cattle, animals are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion at a dilution of 12.5 ml per 10 liters of water and a consumption rate of 3 liters per animal. Pigs against sarcoptosis are sprayed with an aqueous emulsion of delcid at a dilution of 12.5 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water, twice with an interval of 10 days. Against hematotopinosis, syfunculosis, boviculosis, spray with an aqueous emulsion diluted with 3 ml of delcid per 10 liters of water, once at a consumption rate: for a sow - 1 l, for a boar - 1.5 l, for piglets up to 2 months of age - 0.1 l , for cattle - 3 liters per adult animal.
Against zoophilic flies, animals are sprayed with delcid at a dilution of 6 ml/10 l of water at a consumption rate of 1-1.5 l per pig with an interval of 6 weeks. For cattle, the consumption rate is 3 liters per animal.
In case of psoroptosis of rabbits, a cotton swab moistened with an aqueous emulsion of delcid in a dilution of 1.25 ml / 1 l of water is used to treat the inner surface of the auricles. In case of sarcoptic mange, dogs are bathed or sprayed with delcid at a dilution of 12.5 ml / 10 l of water, twice with an interval of 7-10 days. Against fleas, lice and withers, the entire surface of the body is also moistened with delcid at a dilution of 3 ml per 10 liters of water, twice, with an interval of four weeks.
Slaughter of farm animals for meat is allowed no earlier than five days after processing, rabbits - no earlier than three days after processing.
Bathing animals should be carried out at an air temperature of at least 12 ° C. The temperature of the cupping emulsion should be 13-20°C, exposure 50-70 seconds.
Refueling of the bath is carried out after processing 300-400 unshorn sheep or 400-500 sheared. At the same time, for every 1000 liters of water added to the bath, 2 liters of delcid are added.
When treating cattle by large-drop spraying, traces of pyrethroid in blood and milk were found only within 1 hour after treatment.
Deltrin-puron- acaricide. Appearance is a light brown liquid with a strong alcohol odor. The drug emulsifies well with water, forming a white emulsion. Deltrin is produced in the form of puron, packaged in polymer containers with a capacity of 1.0-10 cm3, as well as in canisters of 20.0 dm3. The drug is stable during storage. In its original packaging, it is stored at temperatures from minus 10°C to plus 30°C. Shelf life under the specified conditions - 24 months from the date of manufacture.
Deltrin has pronounced insecticidal properties against sarcoptoid mites and insects of the Mallophaga and Siphnculata families. The drug has low toxicity for warm-blooded animals in recommended doses and does not have a local irritating and sensitizing effect. The drug is toxic to fish and bees.
Deltrin is used in the form of puron, it is applied dropwise to the skin along the spine for prophylactic purposes once, for therapeutic purposes twice with an interval of 8-10 days. For the treatment of sheep against psoroptosis, 10 ml / 50 kg of deltrin-puron are used. For treatment of cattle against psoroptosis and chorioptosis, the drug is used at a dose of 10 ml / 100 kg for animals weighing up to 200 kg, 20 ml for animals weighing 300 kg and 30 ml for animals weighing more than 300 kg. In case of siphunculosis, boviculosis, deltrin-puron is applied to cattle twice at a dose of 10 ml/100 kg with an interval of 8-10 days. Pigs with sarcoidosis are treated by dripping deltrin puron along the trunk at a dose of 10 ml/50 kg. With hematotopinosis, pigs are treated with the drug at a dose of 15 ml / head once, piglets - 1 ml / head.
In case of sarcoptic mange, demodicosis and afanipterosis, dogs and minks are treated by applying deltrin-puron to the skin of animals at the rate of 1-2 ml / 10 kg of body weight, depending on the degree of infection, at least 2 times.
Slaughter of farm animals for meat is allowed no earlier than 5 days after processing. In case of forced slaughter of animals earlier than this period, the question of the sale of meat is decided after its examination for the content of residual amounts of deltamethrin. When the drug is found, the meat is used for the production of meat and bone meal.
Fenvalerate (sumidin). Viscous light yellowish liquid with a slight odor. Practically insoluble in water, soluble in many organic solvents. When heated with alkalis, it hydrolyzes. More stable in acidic environments, stable in sunlight and when heated. Technical fenvalerate contains 90% of the main substance, exists in cis- and transformates, has several stereoisomers. Fenvalerate is produced in the form of 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 30% emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders, dusts, granules. Compatible with many pesticides. According to the degree of impact on warm-blooded animals, it belongs to medium and highly toxic pesticides, LD50 for mice orally - 139 mg / kg, for rats - 340 mg / kg. Concentrated solutions irritate the skin. It has cumulative properties (K.k.-2.5). At a dose of 17 mg/kg, it has embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. According to the literature, fenvalerate mainly affects the central nervous system and parenchymal organs. Under the influence of toxic doses of fenvalerate in white rats, depression followed by excitation, tremor, impaired coordination of movements, clonic tonic convulsions, paresis of the hind limbs, and a decrease in cholinesterase activity in the brain and other organs were observed.
Fenvalerate in various formulations is used in veterinary medicine, it is approved for the control of synanthropic insects in everyday life. IN medical practice dusts "Phenaksin", "Kaprin-F", "Sumikar", "Tren" and others are used to combat cockroaches, bedbugs and fleas. They contain 0.25-0.4% fenvalerate and inert fillers. The consumption rate of dusts is 1-5 g/m2, the residual effect is 1-2 months.
In veterinary practice, based on fenvalerate, an insecticidal pencil "Masha" is used, which is a cylinder with a diameter of 1.5 cm and a height of 8 cm, from light gray to light yellow. Low toxicity for warm-blooded animals, does not have cumulative, skin-resorptive, locally irritating and sensitizing effects. Active against fleas, flies, bedbugs and other arthropods. The duration of the insecticidal action of the drug is 1 month after treatment.
To destroy insects and mites, stripes are applied with a pencil every 2-4 cm, spending a pencil on 30 m2. Repeated treatments are carried out according to entomological indications.
Suminak 5% FLO- insectoacaricidal drug containing 5% synthetic pyrethroid fenvalerate and auxiliary components as an active ingredient. The drug is a creamy white liquid with a slight specific odor.
Suminak is produced by Sumitomo Chemical Ltd (Japan) in the form of a suspension concentrate, packaged in polyethylene canisters with a capacity of 5 and 20 liters. Store the drug in its original packaging in a dry, dark place at a temperature of 5°C to 25°C. Guaranteed shelf life - 2 years from the date of manufacture.
Suminac is an effective contact insecticide and acaricide, active against sarcoptoid, ixodid ticks, lice, fleas, withers, bloodsuckers and flies. The drug is used for the treatment and prevention of pigs, dogs, as well as for the fight against flies in livestock buildings.
Suminac belongs to the group of compounds that are moderately toxic for warm-blooded animals; in recommended doses, it does not have a local irritating and sensitizing effect.
In therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of animals, Suminac 5% FLO is used in the form of an aqueous suspension prepared before starting work containing 0.003% AI. Apply a working aqueous suspension by bathing or large-drop spraying of animals.
Before mass treatments, each batch of the drug is tested on a group (10-15) of animals of different fatness and age and observed for 2 days, in the absence of toxicosis, they start processing the entire livestock.
Sick animals are treated with a working aqueous suspension twice with an interval of 7-10 days, for prevention - once.
Processing is carried out in dry weather at an air temperature not lower than +18°C and an aqueous suspension of +20-25°C. To prepare a 0.003% aqueous suspension for every 1000 liters of water add 600 ml of the drug. To maintain the required concentration after bathing 200 unshorn or 400 sheared sheep, water is added to the bath to the initial level and suminak 5% FLO at the rate of 1 liter of the drug per 1000 liters of water.
Premises in farms disadvantaged by acariasis are treated with 0.003% aqueous suspension at the rate of 200-400 ml / m2, walls and floors are sprayed at the rate of 40-80 ml / m2 to control flies, exposure is 1-1.5 hours. When spraying animals with 0.003% aqueous suminac suspension, the consumption of the drug per animal for cattle is 1.0-3.0 liters, for pigs - 100-150 ml, for piglets - 1.0-2.0 ml / kg of body weight, for long-haired dogs 10.0 ml/kg body weight, for short-haired dogs 5 ml/kg. Processed sheep, cattle, pigs are allowed for slaughter after 10 days.
Milk is not allowed for human consumption for 3 days after processing. It can be used in animal feed.
Purofen-puron- is an insecticide-acaricidal composition containing 3% synthetic pyrethroid as an active ingredient. The drug is a transparent oily liquid of light yellow color. It is produced by DDD JSC, Russia. Purofen-puron refers to moderately toxic drugs: oral LD50 for rats is 340-451 mg/kg. At a dose of 17 mg/kg, it exhibits embryotoxic and teratogenic effects. LD50 dermal for rats 2000 mg/kg, and for rabbits - 2500 mg/kg. It is used as a contact insectoacaricide at a dose of 0.5 mg/10 kg of body weight and retains its isectoacaricidal effect for 9-10 days, and at a dose of 1.0 mg/10 kg - for 11-12 days. The drug is resistant to light and heat.
Insecticide powders based on synthetic pyrethroids are a mechanical mixture of zeolites from various deposits or other fillers (caselguhr, magnesium oxide, talc, clay, pumice) and pyrethroids permethrin or cypermethrin (chinmiks) or deltamethrin (decis, butox). In appearance, it is a fine free-flowing powder from light gray to yellow, depending on the filler.
The content of permethrin is 0.09-0.11%; cypermethrin - 0.04-0.05; deltamethrin - 0.0045-0.0059%. At the same time, 1 kg of permethrin or 1.6 kg of cypermethrin, or 1 kg of butox, or 2 kg of decis (deltamethrin) is taken per 1 ton of powder. All insecticidal powders are moderately toxic preparations. Powders are designed to combat ectoparasites of farm animals of any age. They are rubbed with sarcoptoidosis in animals at a dose of 1.0 g/cm2 of the body surface. In case of syfunculiasis, ixodid ticks, afanipterosis, mallophagosis, animals are powdered with powder at a dose of 0.05 g/cm2. To increase efficiency, it is necessary to alternate the use of dusts with different pyrethroids. Slaughter of animals for meat is allowed 15 days after the use of drugs. Dairy animals are not processed.
Insectoacaricidal collars based on permethrin, cypermethrin (chinmix), deltamethrin (decis and butox). Insectoacaricidal collars are polymer plates on which various pyrethroids are applied (or impregnated). In appearance, these are leather rings with a polymer base in 2 sizes: 65 cm (for medium-large dogs); 33 cm (for small dogs and cats). For every 10 g of such a collar, there are 50 mg of permethrin, 5 mg of cypermethrin and 0.5 mg of deltamethrin.
Insectoacaricidal collars have a detrimental effect on sarcoptoid and ixodid ticks, fleas, lice, lice and downy insects. They provide therapeutic and preventive action. During the movement of the animal, when the collar is fixed on it, pesticides create a protective layer on the coat, which does not collapse when it rains and bathes. The environment is cleared of ectoparasites due to the release of pyrethroids from the collar.
The shelf life of the collar is 1 year from the date of manufacture. Store it in a cool dry place.
The history of pyrethroid insecticides may well be called floral, since natural pyrethroids are found in Dalmatian chamomile flowers. But progress, in the form of chemical synthesis, has made pyrethroid-based insecticides quite accessible means control of harmful insects in crops various kinds. At one time, more than 70 years ago, this was an incredible breakthrough in the segment of insecticides, the prevailing number of which were organophosphorus compounds, which have a number of disadvantages and limitations. , as a rule, act on the central nervous system of insects. At the same time, drugs of contact and insecticides of systemic action are distinguished. The mechanism of attack of synthetic pyrethroids is also associated with an effect on the nervous system, it is implemented systemically, causing paralysis and then death of the insect a few hours after the use. These contact-intestinal preparations have selective toxicity, high insecticidal activity and minimal ecotoxicity. It was the last property of pyrethroids that made it possible to move on to the creation of soil insecticides and effective fumigants. From technological advantages In the context of “insecticide characteristics”, it is important that synthetic pyrethroids act at low positive temperatures from +5-8 C, which suggests their use in the early spring.
Synthetic pyrethroids are effective against chewing and sucking pests, especially against Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Coleoptera. Most often they are used against leaf-eating insects.
However, as for any group of plant protection chemicals for pyrethroids, there are properties that must be treated with understanding (first understand, and then apply). 1) Unlike organophosphate insecticides (FOS) and carbamates, pyrethroids do not kill secretive pests. But this is solved by using their tank mixtures with FOS, neonicotinoids. For example, against sucking pests (cereal aphids, bedbugs and thrips), mixtures of synthetic pyrethroids with FOS are most effective, since they provide high initial toxicity and duration of protective action. 2) The limiting factor for pyrethroids is the air temperature during processing - up to 25 C. What if the temperature is higher? It is not difficult to assess the risks (it is not difficult for an experienced agronomist) and take into account the loss of biological efficiency, which is at the level of 15% (in the heat, the evaporation of the drug is higher and the insects hide deeper), comparing them with the probable yield losses (of course, in product prices). Insecticides of the new generation easily overcome the temperature barrier up to 28 C and ensure the reliability of the effect.
The classic representative of synthetic pyrethroids is the insecticide Zepellin, which contains alpha-cypermethrin. Effective in the fight against the main types of harmful insects on grain crops, sugar beet, sunflower and other crops (bug bug, fleas, aphids, thrips, leafhoppers, leopards, flies, etc.), is characterized by a rapid development of the effect, the so-called "knockdown - effect", high efficiency at the larval stage of insect development, strong deterrent (repellant) effect, which together prolongs the protective effect of the drug. Zeppelin is used at low consumption rates, the drug is compatible with many pesticides and agrochemicals, which increases the attractiveness of the choice of this insecticide by many farmers.
Combined insecticide Dexter contains the synthetic pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin and acetamiprid, belonging to the class of neonicotinoids, due to which the effect is prolonged up to three weeks. Dexter infects pests (including secretive ones) directly when spraying, as well as when feeding on the treated plant and inside it: the contact-systemic properties of the drug provide exceptional activity against a wide range of pests at all stages of their development.
Synthetic pyrethroids or preparations containing substances of this chemical class provide effective protection plants both during planned treatments of crops with a wide range of insect pests, and in case of force majeure (if there is a danger of epizootics, regional and local treatments). In a word, pyrethroids are always an instant "hit" on the pest and a guarantee of the success of insecticidal treatments in difficult weather conditions.
As a result of many years of research on pyrethrins, chemists managed to obtain photostable pyrethroids suitable for use in agriculture.
The first synthetic pyrethroids based on permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and fenvalerate entered the market in 1976-1977.
High insecticidal activity, long-term protective action at low consumption rates, which are not kilograms, like CHOS, not hundreds of grams, like FOS, but only tens of grams, were highly appreciated by plant protection specialists.
The range of pyrethroids has expanded every year, and now they dominate the world among plant protection products against pests.
Modern pyrethroids are esters of 3-substituted 2,2-di-methylcyclopropanecarboxylic (chrysanthemic) acid (I) or isosteric acid that has lost the propane ring (II) and the corresponding alcohol containing one or two saturated bonds. The peculiarity of these substances is the presence of 4...8 optical or geometric isomers, which differ in biological activity. For example, preparations that differ in the content of isomers, based on cypermethrin, alpha-, beta-, zeta-cypermethrin, go on sale.
Molecules of permethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, isosteric acid - fenvalerate are built on the basis of chrysanthemum acid.
Synthetic pyrethroids are lipophilic substances that are well retained by the leaf cuticle and, penetrating to a limited extent, provide a deep insecticidal effect. They are non-volatile, photostable, and can remain on an inanimate surface for up to 12 months (permethrin).
Synthetic pyrethroids are not toxic to plants, their half-life is different plants 2...20 days, residual amounts of preparations retain biological activity on herbs for a longer time.
Pyrethroids move poorly in the soil and decompose in it with the participation of microorganisms. Their half-life in soil is 1-10 weeks. Metabolites are non-toxic and further decompose to carbon dioxide.
Synthetic pyrethroids are preparations of contact-intestinal action, they have high insecticidal activity, are effective against lepidoptera, beetles, flies. Pyrethroids marketed in last years, also have acaricidal action.
By the mechanism of action, pyrethroids are similar to HOS. They disrupt the function of the nervous system, acting on sodium-potassium channels and calcium metabolism in synapses, which leads to the release of an excessive amount of acetylcholine (ACh) during the passage of a nerve impulse. Poisoning is manifested in strong excitement, damage to the motor centers.
Long-term use of synthetic pyrethroids in insects results in acquired resistance (group and cross).
When injected into the stomach, pyrethroids can be highly, medium and low toxic for warm-blooded animals, cause severe skin irritation, some of them have a weak carcinogenic and embryotoxic effect. However, they are not considered particularly dangerous for humans, since they are used at very low consumption rates.
Decis. The active ingredient is Deltamethrin - (1R)-cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (S)-3-phenoxy-a-cyanobenzyl ester.
Deltamethrin is effective against sucking insects at a consumption rate of 5...12 g a.i. per 1 ha, gnawing - 12 ... 17, beetles - 25 ... 50 g a.i. per 1 ha.
The effectiveness of potato treatment with Decis, EC (25 g/l) against the Colorado potato beetle at a rate of 0.15 l/ha on the 3rd day was 95...99%. Duration of protective action - 15 days.
Preparations based on deltamethrin are approved for use on crops of wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, potatoes, beets, peas, cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, alfalfa (consumption rate 0.1 ... 0.6 l / ha, waiting period 15. ..30 days), as well as for the treatment of many medicinal, woody plants, pastures inhabited by locusts, unloaded storage facilities (0.2...0.4 ml/m2) and grain (20 ml/t).
For use in private farms, deltamethrin is produced in the form of a pencil (K) (use 1 pencil weighing 30 g per 10 liters of water to spray an area of 100 m2) and briquettes (B) (use 5 g per 10 liters of water).
Deltamethrin is highly toxic for warm-blooded animals and humans (SD50 for rats 128...138 mg/kg). Cumulative properties are not expressed, weak allergen, embryotoxic effect is noted. It irritates the skin, mucous membranes, and upon repeated application, non-healing ulcers form.
This pyrethroid is not persistent in the environment. The results of tens of thousands of experiments indicate that, when properly applied, residual amounts of deltamethrin do not accumulate in the soil and are not found in plants.
MAC in soil - 0.01 mg/kg (tr.), in water - 0.01 mg/l, in air - 0.1 mg/m3. The MRL in most types of agricultural products is 0.01 mg/kg; residual amounts are not allowed in carrots.
Rovikurt. The active ingredient is 3-phenoxybenzyl-(1/R, 1S, cis, trans)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropylcarboxylate. The pure substance is a light oily liquid with a slight odor, readily soluble in organic solvents. Four isomers of permethrin are known. The technical product contains a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers (2:3).
Permethrin is a contact-intestinal insecticide with a protective effect of about 15 days. Highly effective against chewing and sucking insects, dangerous for bees.
Low toxicity for humans and warm-blooded animals (SD50 for rats 4000 mg/kg), has a weakly expressed property to accumulate in the body.
It is recommended on apple trees against codling moth, golden tail, aphids, moths, on cherries against cherry flies, on cabbage against scoops, whites and moths, on sugar beet against weevils, aphids and fleas, on gooseberries against sawfly and on currants against leafworms, aphids, moth.
Akarin (Agravertin)
Means for protecting plants from insect pests of contact-intestinal action. Active ingredient Avertin N. It has a wide spectrum of action: all types of herbivorous mites, Colorado potato beetle, turnip and cabbage whitefish, cabbage scoop, sawflies, leafworms, codling moths, moths, tobacco and California thrips, as well as all types of aphids. The drug does not pollute the environment, quickly degrading in soil and water. The waiting period from the last processing to harvesting is no more than 3 days.
Preparation of a working solution: from ticks, the consumption of the drug is 1-2 ml per 1 liter of water, from aphids 6-8 ml per 1 liter of water, from thrips 8-10 ml per 1 liter of water, mix thoroughly. Consumption of working solution - 1 liter per 100 sq. m. Method of application: Spray plants in dry, clear and calm weather in the morning or evening, evenly wetting the leaves. Optimum temperature when processed from +18 to 34°C. The period of protective action is from 3 to 5 days. The speed of exposure is 4-8 hours. Do not mix with other drugs! Not phytotoxic. Storage of the working solution is not allowed.
Actellik is one of the most powerful and common means in the treatment of plants from pests of indoor flowers. The mechanism of action differs from pyrethroid insecticides - it contains pyrimiphos-methyl (an organophosphorus group). The toxicity of pyrifosmethyl is due to the phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that plays a significant role in the transmission of a nerve impulse. A neuron (nerve cell) receives and transmits a signal in the form of an electrical impulse; Through the synaptic cleft, nervous excitation is transmitted with the help of chemical mediators, one of which is acetylcholine. Analogue: Kamikaze, KE.
Arrivo
Broad-spectrum contact-intestinal insecticide with high initial toxicity and long protective period. Active ingredient: cypermethrin 250 g/l. Preparative form: Arrivo 25% - emulsion concentrate, 1.5 ml ampoules.
Effective against many indoor and outdoor pests garden plants(aphids, mealybugs, butterfly caterpillars, whiteflies, leaf beetles, springtails, thrips, etc., except for ticks). The consumption rate is 1.5 ml of the drug per 10 liters of water. The period of protective action of the drug is 10-14 days.
Hazard class II. Arrivo is not phytotoxic, but moderately toxic to warm-blooded animals and slightly toxic to birds. Work in protective clothing, gloves and a respirator.
Analogues: Alatar, KE; Inta-Vir; Inta-C-M; Spark; Sharpay and others.
Apaches
Bona Forte Bona Forte insecticide- from scale insects, whiteflies and mealybugs for all indoor plants. Description of the drug
The contents of the package - 1 gram of the drug is diluted in 10 liters of water. This amount is enough to spray 2-3 big tree, therefore, for indoor plants, it is diluted at the rate of 0.1 grams per 1 liter of water. The drug is toxic, so it is advisable to use it if there is nothing else, to work with a respirator and gloves, it is advisable to thoroughly ventilate the room, or take out flowers for spraying on outdoor balcony or to the street.
Garden insecticide (against garden ants, bears), but it also gives a good effect in the fight against soil pests of indoor plants - fungal mosquito larvae. The active substance is 30 g/kg of diazinon, in granules. Grom-2 microgranules are distributed over the surface of the earth in a garden or in flower pots, can be slightly mixed with the soil. The consumption rate is 2-3 g of the drug per 1 sq. m. area. The death of ants and flies occurs in 1-2 days. According to the manufacturer, a single application of Grom-2 provides protection against insects for 2-3 months.
The drug is not phytotoxic. Moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class III). Dangerous for fish (do not allow entry into aquariums and water bodies).
Analogues: Bazudin, Grizzly, Zemlin, Medvetoks, Anteater, Ant, Flyeater, Pochin, Provotoks.
Insecticide Spark
Working solution - 1/2 tablet is dissolved in a small amount of water until completely dissolved, then the resulting solution is filtered and diluted to 5 liters of water. You can apply re-spraying after 20 days. The drug is moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class III).
Kleshchevit
Insecticide and acaricide of contact-intestinal action. The name suggests that the tool destroys mites, but in fact, mites are effective against other leaf-eating and leaf-sucking pests. Active ingredient: Aversectin C, 2 g/l.
Systemic insecticide of contact-intestinal action for use against aphids, thrips, whiteflies, scale insects. Not effective against ticks. Active ingredient: imidacloprid.
"Confidor" saves time. The manufacturability of the treatment and the replacement of two sprays (against insects and against diseases) with one procedure simplifies the task of the summer resident. With the help of treatment with the drug, the resistance of potatoes to the influence of environment, which has a significant impact on the amount of yield, improved shoot formation, weight gain. The quality of the products obtained is also improved. In addition, photosynthesis is enhanced. "Confidor" - a tool with low toxicity to humans and living beings.
The preparation contains two active substances. The first one blocks the transmission of impulses of the pest membrane, the second one, penetrating into the cuticle of the plant, affects the state of the cell and nucleus, blocks the development of the fungus.
The first stage of processing is the dressing of potato tubers. Next, "Confidor" should be used for spraying to prevent plant disease with late blight and other diseases. On small areas, the treatment is carried out with a working solution by spraying it with knapsack or hand sprayers. The drug has a long term protection against pests: after processing the tubers, they are protected for 2 months. Within 50-60 days, potato diseases will not be taken care of either. It is important that "Confidor" is safe for beneficial insects. The drug quickly moves through the tissues of plants, providing an effect in a short time. In addition, the result does not depend on weather conditions.
Combined protection against pests and diseases; "Anti-stress" effect of stimulating the growth and development of plants.
It is very popular because it has a low consumption rate - 1 ml per hundred square meters, a very long period of action, penetrates the plant through the root, leaf and stem (systemic properties), is effective in hot weather, and is resistant to washing off by rain. The drug is diluted at the rate of 1 ml of confidor per 5-10 liters of water. The effect is observed during the first hours after treatment.
Analogue: Iskra Zolotaya, Monsoon, Respect, Tanrek, Tsvetolyuks Bau, Corado, etc.
Insecticide Karate
Insectoacaricide, active ingredient: lambda-cyhalothrin. This pyrethroid has intestinal-contact and deterrent (repellant) action, does not show fumigant and systemic action. It is used in the fight against aphids, thrips and mites, as well as against caterpillars, beetles, weevils, flies, cockroaches, mosquitoes.
To prepare a solution of 0.2 ml of the drug per 1 liter of water. If necessary, the treatment is repeated after two weeks. The drug is effective in all weather conditions (hot / cold / humid climate) and is not washed off by rain less than 1 hour after treatment. Hazard class 2. The drug is slightly toxic to birds, toxic to fish and bees.
Analogue: Lightning.
Among effective means"Klubneschit" stands out. This drug fights the most dangerous pests: the Colorado potato beetle, which reduces yields by half, and wireworm, which can lead to the death of 90% of potatoes. The action of the substance lasts up to 2 months, this time is enough for the shoot of the bush and the development of tubers.
The tool is quite economical: a bottle of 25 milliliters, diluted with 250-300 milliliters of water, is enough to spray 30 kilograms of potatoes. Processing is carried out immediately before planting using a sprayer. Disembarkation should begin immediately. This method saves nearby plants from being hit by Tuber Shield, since if the substance gets on the fruits, they cannot be eaten for 3 months. Due to the long period of decomposition of the components, the agent is not used for early varieties of potatoes either.
It is forbidden to use the drug and near water bodies. The disinfectant contains toxic substances, therefore, precautions should be taken when working with the Tuber Shield.
There are frequent cases of inefficiency in the fight against wireworm, so you should carefully monitor the appearance of this pest.
This protectant actively fights insects due to systemic action. When it enters the plant through the roots and leaves, it affects the nervous system of the pest, inhibiting it. Use the drug in case of exceeding the threshold of harmfulness of insects, with a large number of them on potatoes.
Apply "Commander +" should be on the surface of the sheet in a dense layer. It is important to consider that the equipment must be properly adjusted, otherwise the effect of the treatment will be weak. You can not process the plant during the flowering period, since the drug is quite dangerous for bees. Resistance to temperatures and sunlight allows you to spray potatoes at any time of the day
"Commander +" is not addictive in pests, but it is still worth alternating it with other drugs. In order to avoid problems with the harvest, the dosage of the product should be strictly adhered to.
Means for combating soil pests of horticultural crops and indoor plants. Active ingredient: diazinon.
The drug is applied to upper layer earth in a pot, then the soil must be loosened. For indoor plants, the consumption rate of the drug is 2-3 g (approximately 1-1.5 teaspoons). Effective against fungal mosquito larvae, earthworms, root scale insects, weevil larvae.
Analogues: Bazudin, Grizzly, Thunder, Thunder-2, Zemlin, Medvetoks, Anteater, Ant, Pochin, Provotoks.
Prestige KS - An effective modern remedy for the Colorado potato beetle. The drug has both fungicidal and insecticidal properties. Protects potatoes from: wireworm, mole cricket, aphids, thrips, leafhoppers, Maybug, scoop. At the same time, the sprouts treated with this suspension concentrate become resistant to various diseases: common scab, dry and wet rot, black leg.
Use a properly prepared Prestige solution before planting. The action lasts up to 50 days.
It is necessary to measure with a measuring cup "Prestige" at the rate of 10 ml of the drug per 10 kg of cooked tubers. Add water at the rate of 100 ml per 10 ml of the preparation. Mix and pour into sprayer.
This product is a concentrate. Potatoes are treated with a solution before planting to protect the plant from insects and fungus. The two active components of the drug act simultaneously to fight pests and infections. "Prestigitator" is active against three main insects that harm potatoes: aphids, wireworms and the Colorado potato beetle. Among fungal diseases, the drug fights only with black and common scab.
Together with "Prestigitator" they use fertilizers and growth stimulants, as well as additionally reinforcing antifungal agents. Treatment with the preparation multiplies the harvest, strengthens the immunity of potato bushes, and creates an anti-stress effect to weather changes.
The finished solution cannot be stored, so you should use it all at once. Sprouted tubers are sprayed from all sides, they should be covered by about 3/4 of the agent. Properly processed potatoes will turn red. 2-3 hours after spraying, they start planting potatoes.
If there are fresh cuts on the tubers, processing is not worth it. In this case, the wounds should be powdered with ash, then toxic substances will not get inside the potato. When working with seedlings, it is necessary to moisten the roots in the solution, planting with eyes - the pulp is processed at the base of the sprout.
Protection against pests works up to 39 days, and against fungus - until the leaves die off. "Prestigitator" unfolds within 2 months, so potatoes harvested in August-September do not have traces of the drug. Early varieties for this reason, it cannot be processed with the agent. Tubers affected by rot should not be sprayed, as they may not sprout.
Respect is an effective insecto-fungicide.
This tool is able to overcome rhizoctoniosis and the invasion of Colorado beetles, as well as soil pests. The action of the drug lasts up to 50 days. The suspension form is convenient for work, since the spraying of the drug is easy and fairly fast.
Potato tubers are processed on the day of planting. It is required to measure with a measuring cup "Respect" at the rate of 10 ml of the drug per 10 kg of cooked tubers. Add water to the preparation at the rate of 100 ml per 10 ml. Stir and pour the solution into the sprayer.
Safe for humans and bees.
This is a system protector. Used for seed treatment of various crops. "Taboo" allows you to protect plants at the stage of seedlings, the effect lasts for a long time. In this case, the drug will not help an adult plant.
Taboo processing saves money and time as it eliminates the need for multiple treatments during the growth phase. The drug contains components that can get rid of pests that have a stable reaction to carbofuran (a substance often used in fungicides and protectants). However, the only component in the composition of the drug can be addictive in certain types of pests. "Taboo" controls the number of sucking insects and endures any weather conditions. Does not help protect plants from disease.
The protective effect of the drug lasts until 3 pairs of true leaves appear. Subject to the rules of "Taboo" is not phytotoxic. Should be alternated with others chemicals to ensure the effect.
It is worth noting: the drug is toxic to humans and animals, so the treatment should be carried out with the provision of protective measures.
Insecticide and acaricide, which provides a solution to a whole range of problems of protection against pests of many agricultural and indoor crops - whitefly, thrips, ticks, mealybugs, etc. Refers to synthetic pyrethroids. It has a contact-intestinal effect.
The culture protection period is 2-3 weeks. When applied, it is compatible with most insecticides and fungicides that have a neutral reaction. Produced as an emulsion concentrate containing 10% of the active substance bifenthrin in bottles from 0.5 to 1.0 liters. The concentration of the working solution to combat the tick is 0.03% (or 0.15 ml of the drug per 500 ml of water); in the fight against whitefly 0.06% (or 0.3 ml per 500 ml of water); aphids - 0.02% (or 0.1 ml per 500 ml of water). Use only fresh solution.
Insecticide Fas
Contains deltamethrin - an insecticide for the destruction of insect pests of horticultural crops and houseplants. Active ingredient: deltamethrin.
Effective against aphids, thrips, whitefly, weevil and other pests. Available in tablets. Working solution - 1/2 tablet per 5 liters of water. You can carry out 2 treatments with an interval of 15-20 days. The drug is not dangerous to humans and animals, but toxic to fish and bees. The drug is moderately dangerous for humans and animals (hazard class III).
Analogue: Decis.
Fufanon-Nova, VE
Intestinal and contact insecticide in the form of an aqueous emulsion. Used to protect garden crops and indoor plants from ticks, aphids, thrips, whiteflies and other pests. Active ingredient: Malathion 440 g/l. Produces LLC "Firm" Green Pharmacy Gardener "in ampoules of 2 and 6.5 ml. Analogue - Karbofos.
Fufanon is effective against sucking and gnawing insects, including worms and herbivorous mites. There are disadvantages: Fufanon is not stable in the wind, it is quickly washed off with water. The duration of the protective action is 5-10 days (shorter in case of high humidity). With a large abundance of mites, it is advisable to combine them in one solution with others.
Method of application: spraying. The maximum number of treatments on vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes), fruit and berry trees and shrubs, strawberries, wild strawberries is two. Berry spray strictly before and after flowering. Vegetables - in the process of vegetation. The last processing in open ground can be carried out 20 days before harvest, in protected ground - 5 days. Do not mix with other drugs. Hazard class for humans - III, toxic to bees - I hazard class. Attention: it has a slight phytotoxicity, do not overestimate the dosage:
- apple trees, pears, currants, gooseberries, grapes and vegetables (cabbage, cucumbers, tomatoes) - dilute 13 ml of fufanon per 10 liters of water
- cherry, cherry plum - dilute Fufanon 6.5 ml per 5 liters of water
- strawberries, strawberries - dilute Fufanon 6.5 ml per 5 liters of water
- indoor flowers - dilute Fufanon 6.5 ml per 5 liters of water or 2 ml per 1.5 liters of water
Etisso Blattlaus-Sticks
Isectoaccaricide, the active substance is dimethoate, has an enteric-contact and systemic effect. Penetrates into plants through the root system and above-ground organs, spreads through plant tissues by ascending and descending currents.
The drug is available in the form of sticks applied to the soil. A positive effect on the destruction of scale insects, ticks, aphids and other pests was noted. Calculation of the applied preparation: for a pot up to 10 cm - 1 stick, about 15 cm - 2 sticks, up to 20 cm - 3 sticks, over 20 cm - 1 stick is added for every additional 5 cm in diameter. Validity: 6-8 weeks. Systematic application causes acquired group resistance in pests. The half-life of dimethoate, depending on the plant and season, is 2-5 days.
Analogue: Bi-58 new.
Biological insecticides
Bikol- acaricide. Prepared on the basis of the bacterial strain Bacillus thuringiesis var. thuringiesis. Used in the destruction of spider mites. Has an intestinal effect on pests.
Bitoxibacillin- acaricide. Prepared on the basis of the bacterial strain Bacillus thuringiesis var. tenebrionis. Used in the destruction of spider mites. Has an intestinal effect on pests. It differs from the previous preparation in some additives (various special wetting agents and adhesives are added to them).
Boverin is an insecticide based on the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Used against thrips. Plants are sprayed with a 1% solution of the drug.
Verticillin- an insecticide prepared on the basis of spores of the fungus Verticillium lecanii. This drug is used in the fight against whitefly. Its action lies in the fact that the conidia or blastospores of the fungus penetrate the integument of the insect and penetrate into its body, growing and affecting its organs. Mushrooms Verticillium lecanii reproduce especially well at high air humidity, therefore, before applying the drug, the soil in the pot should be thoroughly sprayed. Before using the drug for 12-24 hours, it is soaked in water to accelerate the germination of spores.
Gaupsin- a bioinsecticide and fungicide, a two-strain broad-spectrum preparation intended for treating gardens and kitchen gardens, as well as for protecting indoor plants from fungal diseases and various pests (curly, black spot, powdery mildew, bacteriosis, late blight, septoria, black rot, aphids, spider tick, caterpillars, thrips, etc.). The manufacturer claims that the effectiveness of gaupsin in the fight against fungal diseases is 90-92%, with pests 92-94%. The biological product is not toxic to humans, animals, fish, bees, does not accumulate in plants, soil. In addition, gaupsin is compatible with many pesticides (except for Bordeaux liquid and other copper-containing chemicals - after their use, the first treatment with gaupsin is only after 21 days). The drug is diluted with water room temperature at the rate of 200-250 g of gaupsin per 10-12 liters of water. Use only freshly prepared solution. Freezing of the drug is not allowed.
