Full table e. Are food additives harmful? How dangerous are food additives

Today in supermarkets you can find a huge variety of products in which it is quite easy to get confused. Bright packaging, seductive pictures, shiny labels, plus all this is complemented by promotional price tags, and we make a purchase. Stop, first you need to carefully study the packaging, namely the composition of this product. The fewer incomprehensible words in it, the better. For example, GOST condensed milk contains only natural milk and sugar, but the same product, but produced according to TU, has a completely different composition. It contains stabilizers and emulsifiers, as well as various substances labeled E. Today we will talk about them: a table of harmful food additives should be at hand for everyone to prevent them from being eaten.

What are various food additives used for?

First of all, you should be alerted to the "E" markings - they denote food additives that are used throughout the world as preservatives and stabilizers, flavor and aroma enhancers, thickeners and leavening agents. All this is necessary to improve appearance and nutritional properties of the product, as well as increase its shelf life.

Why is a table of harmful food additives needed, and are all substances labeled "E" harmful? No, there are neutral, harmful and even dangerous ones, and therefore it is important for each of us to know them and be able to distinguish them. After all, the quality and duration of our lives are highly dependent on what we eat. The more vitamins and minerals in the diet and less "chemistry", the better.

natural or artificial

Despite the assurances of manufacturers, almost all additives are artificial, and therefore potentially dangerous. This chemical substances synthetic origin. Considering that even the safest of them sometimes cause a reaction in especially sensitive people, it is clear that the table of harmful food additives should be known to everyone. However, there is another subtlety here: not all manufacturers warn you that their product contains additives with the "E" index. They often get around with general phrases like "does not contain artificial colors and flavors." Others note the presence of stabilizers and thickeners, but do not indicate which additives were used. In this case, there is only one way out: refuse to buy and choose a more honest manufacturer. This is especially important if the product is imported, because no one can guarantee that it does not contain prohibited products. Perhaps this will allow you to look at the goods in supermarkets in a different way, because, despite the attractive appearance, almost all of them contain preservatives.

What does the numeric code next to the "E" mean?

Below we will consider what the table of harmful food additives includes, but for now let's look at what these mysterious numbers mean. If the code starts with one, then you have a dye. All preservatives start at 2, the number 3 stands for antioxidants - they are used to slow down or prevent spoilage of the product. All 4 are stabilizers, substances that help maintain the consistency of the product in the required form. The number 5 stands for emulsifiers, they work in tandem with stabilizers and preserve the structure of the product. The flavor and aroma enhancers that create the notes and shades we love so much start at 6. Some products contain special substances that prevent foaming, they are marked with the number 9. If you have a four-digit index, then this indicates the presence of sweeteners in the composition. The realities of life show that you need to know harmful food additives ("E"). The table will help you identify foods that should not be consumed in time.

Such different nutritional supplements "E"

Behind this marking, quite harmless and even useful material such as plant extracts. This is the well-known acetic acid (E260). Relatively safe additives E can be considered baking soda (E500), calcium carbonate or ordinary chalk (E170) and many others.

However harmful substances much more than useful. You are mistaken if you think that these include only artificial additives, natural ones also sin with a negative effect on the body. Moreover, the more often they are used, the stronger and more pronounced their impact will be.

Useful Supplements

You should not immediately return the product to the shelf just because it contains E. You need to look and analyze what substance is hidden behind it. The following table of harmful and beneficial food additives will help you make right choice. For example, the most common apple contains pectin, ascorbic acid and riboflavin, that is, E300, E440, E101, but it cannot be called harmful.

The most common health supplements are curcumins, or E100 - these substances help control weight and are actively used in the manufacture of fitness products. E101 is a common vitamin B2, which is famous for the fact that it synthesizes hemoglobin and is involved in metabolism. E160d is lycopene, it helps to strengthen the immune system. E270 is a powerful antioxidant that is widely used in pharmacology. To enrich products with iodine, the additive E916, that is, calcium iodate, is used. We must not forget about E322 lecithin - this supplement supports the immune system and improves blood formation.

Relatively harmless additives

Today the topic of our conversation is "Table of food additives" E ". Useful and harmful, they are ubiquitous in the most common foods. In this group, we should mention the dyes that are used by the most famous confectionery companies to give an attractive appearance to creams and cakes. This is chlorophyrol , or E140, green dye.Betanin is also known, that is, a red dye.It is extracted from the most ordinary beetroot, the juice of which tints creams perfectly at home.

This group includes calcium carbonate (E170) and common baking soda. Although these substances do not pose a threat to life, in large quantities they can break acid-base balance in organism. E290 is ordinary carbon dioxide, all carbonated drinks are made with it. Every kitchen should have a table of food additives E. Useful and harmful, they are presented in such a large quantity today that it is very difficult to remember what this or that substance means.

Supplements to Avoid

Today, the table contains 11 groups of additives, among which are dangerous, prohibited, harmful to the skin and disturbing blood pressure substances. Since every person needs to avoid products containing dangerous "E-shki", we will consider each group separately. Do not neglect your health and rely on the manufacturer. Many of them are guided only by momentary profit and do not think about reputation. Moreover, it is much easier to periodically close the production and open it under a different name, releasing products with new labels. That is why you should be aware of harmful "E" food additives. The table will help you navigate and not forget what this or that code means. So let's get started.

Dangerous Additives

This group includes a lot of dyes, so if you see confectionery products that are colored in a bright color, think about whether it is worth taking them to your children. Be sure to study harmful food additives "E": the table is updated periodically, so you need to update the printout, which is best kept next to the kitchen table.

This includes E102, namely tartrazine. It causes asthma attacks and is banned in several countries. E110 - yellow dye, banned in many countries, as it causes an allergic reaction and nausea. E120 - carminic acid (until studies have proven harm, but doctors strongly recommend avoiding it). Red dyes E124, E127 and E129 are banned in a number of countries because they are carcinogens. This also includes E155 (brown dye) and E180 (ruby ritol).

E220 - sulfur dioxide - should be used with caution in people with renal insufficiency. Feel free to postpone products containing E220, E222, E223, E224, E228, E233, E242. E400, E401, E402 are recognized as dangerous.

Very dangerous

If the previous group of additives is dangerous or potentially dangerous, then the representatives of this category should be treated more than carefully. The fact is that the table of supplements gives you only code designations behind which substances that stimulate growth are hidden. cancer cells. To completely avoid contact with them, you will have to give up most confectionery and seriously reconsider your view of the diet. The simpler the better, so bran biscuits, cereals, and fruits are the safest bet.

However, back to our conversation. The table of the most dangerous additives "E" includes dyes such as E123 (amaranth). It is banned all over the world, as it causes developmental pathologies in the fetus. In addition, this group includes E510, E513E, E527.

Prohibited substances: table of the most harmful food additives "E"

It should be noted that in Russia there are very soft rules for manufacturing companies. Only 5 additives are officially banned, although the number is much higher worldwide. This is E952 - cyclamic acid and its sodium, potassium and calcium salts. This is a sugar substitute that has been discontinued because it was found to be a strong carcinogen. E-216 - para-hydroxybenzoic acid propyl ester - is also prohibited in Russia. But it's not all harmful food additives ("E"). The table refers to this group a number of dyes - these are E152, E130, E125, E126, E121, E111.

Substances that cause skin rashes

Everyone imagines the effect of carcinogens on the body, so you need to do everything necessary to exclude from the menu products containing the most harmful food additives. The table at hand will help you stop in time and not make an unnecessary purchase. Women should especially think about it, because many conditionally safe supplements cause deterioration of the skin condition. This is E151 (black, shiny BN) - in a number of countries it is generally prohibited. Second on the list is E231 (orthophenylphenol) and E232 (calcium orthophenylphenol). Aspartame, or E951, a favorite sugar substitute for many, also has a number of side effects and is not recommended for use without special reasons.

Summing up

You can use this table every day. Food supplement, harmful action which is not fully understood, should be excluded from the diet. This group includes quite a lot of different "E" - these are E124, E122, E141, E150, E171, E173, E247, E471. To optimize your diet and eat as few synthetic additives as possible, study the product packaging before buying. The less in the composition of the various components and incomprehensible terms, the better. Do not purchase unfamiliar products, as well as those on the packaging of which there is no composition, and give preference to well-known manufacturers.

Avoid products with bright, unnatural colors. They may contain too many dyes and preservatives. Give preference to natural products, cereals, sour-milk, as well as vegetables and fruits. It is this diet that is guaranteed not to contain harmful and dangerous substances. To maintain your health for the longest possible time, try to avoid foods that contain harmful food additives ("E"). A table that includes the main ones will become your reliable assistant.

Food additives - useful and harmful, classification and effect on the human body

Today, on the shelves of stores it is almost impossible to find products that do not contain food additives, they are often put even in bread. The only exception is natural food - meat, cereals, milk, greens, etc., but even in this case, one cannot be completely sure that they do not contain any chemistry. For example, fruits are often treated with preservatives, which allows them to preserve their presentation as long as possible.

Food additives are synthetic chemical or natural substances that are never eaten on their own, but are only introduced into foods to give them certain qualities, such as taste, texture, color, smell, shelf life, appearance. There has been a lot of talk lately about the expediency of their use and the effect on the body. Today we also decided to touch on this topic.

The phrase "food additives" scares many. However, people began to use them many millennia ago. Of course, this does not apply to complex chemicals, we are talking about table salt, lactic and acetic acid, spices, spices, etc. Yes, they are also considered food additives. For example, carmine, a dye derived from insects, has been widely used since biblical times to give foods a special purple color. Now this substance is called E120.

Until about the twentieth century in the production of products tried to use only natural supplements, gradually such a science as food chemistry began to develop and most of the natural ones were replaced by artificial additives. The production of all kinds of quality and taste improvers was put on stream. Since most of these nutritional supplements had rather long and incomprehensible names that were very difficult to fit on one label, for convenience European Union a special labeling system was developed. According to her, the name of each nutritional supplement must begin with "E", this letter means nothing more than "Europe". After it, numbers should follow, they show the belonging of this species to a particular group and indicate a certain additive. Subsequently, such a system was somewhat improved, and then adopted for the international classification.

Classification of food additives by codes

Acidity regulators, sweeteners, leavening agents and glazing agents are included in all of the above groups.

The number of nutritional supplements is growing every day. New, more effective and safer substances are replacing the old ones. For example, complex additives, which consist of a mixture of different additives, have recently become popular. In this regard, every year the lists of permitted additives will be replenished with new ones, as a rule, such substances after the letter E have a code greater than 1000.

Classification of food additives by application

• Dyes(E1...) - these substances are intended to restore the color of products that is lost during processing, to increase its intensity, to give a certain color to food, etc. Natural dyes are usually obtained from roots, berries, leaves and flowers of plants, but they can also be of animal origin. Natural dyes contain biologically active, aromatic and flavoring substances, give the food a pleasant appearance. These include: carotenoids (yellow, orange, red), lycopene (red), annatto extract (yellow), flavonoids (blue, purple, red, yellow), chlorophyll and its derivatives (green), sugar color (brown), carmine (magenta), etc. There are also dyes obtained synthetically. Their main advantage over natural ones is more saturated, bright colors, greater stability, long shelf life.
• preservatives(E2…) - these substances are intended to extend the shelf life of products. Most often, acetic, benzoic, sorbic and sulfurous acid, salt, ethyl alcohol are used as preservatives. Antibiotics - nisin, biomycin, nystatin - can also act as preservatives. Synthetic preservatives must not be added to mass-produced food - baby food, fresh meat, bread, flour, milk, etc.
• Antioxidants(E3…) - such substances prevent spoilage of fats and fat-containing products, slow down the oxidation of wine, soft drinks and beer, and also protect fruits and vegetables from browning.
• Thickeners(E4 ...) - they are added to preserve and improve the structure of products. These substances allow you to give the food the desired consistency. Emulsifiers are also responsible for the plastic properties and viscosity, for example, thanks to them, bakery products do not stale longer. All permitted thickeners are of natural origin. For example, E 406 (agar) - extracted from seaweed, it is often used in the manufacture of pastes, creams, ice cream. E 440 (pectin) - from apples, citrus peel, beet pulp, it is added to ice cream, jelly, etc. Gelatin is of animal origin, its main source is the bones, tendons and cartilage of farm animals. Starches are obtained from peas, sorghum, corn, potatoes. Emulsifier, and part-time antioxidant E 476, E 322 (lecithin) is extracted from vegetable oils. Egg whites are also natural emulsifiers. However, recently in industrial production synthetic emulsifiers are used more.
• Flavor enhancers(E6 ... etc.) - their main purpose is to make the product even tastier and more aromatic. Four types of additives are used to improve odor and taste - these are aroma enhancers, taste enhancers, acidity regulators and flavoring agents. Fresh vegetables, fish, meat have a pronounced aroma and taste, since they contain a large amount of nucleotides. These substances enhance taste perception by stimulating the endings of taste buds. During processing or storage, the number of nucleotides decreases, so they are obtained artificially. For example, ethyl maltol and maltol enhance the perception of creamy, fruity and some other flavors. These substances give a fat feel to low-calorie mayonnaise, ice cream, and yogurt. Very often added to various products, the well-known monosodium glutamate, which has a very scandalous reputation. Many sweeteners also cause controversy, especially aspartame, known for being almost two hundred times sweeter than sugar. It is hidden under the marking E951.
• Flavors- they are divided into natural, artificial and still identical to natural. The first contain only natural aromatic substances extracted from vegetable raw materials. These can be distillers of volatile substances, water-alcohol extracts, dry mixes, essences. Flavors identical to natural are obtained by isolating from natural raw materials or by chemical synthesis. They contain chemical compounds found in raw materials of animal or vegetable origin. Artificial flavors include at least one artificial component, and may additionally contain identical natural and natural flavors.

In the production of some products (often fermented milk), biologically active additives are also often used. Do not confuse them with nutritional supplements. The first, unlike the second, can be used separately, as a supplement to food. They may be natural or identical substances. In Russia, dietary supplements are classified as a separate category of food products. Their main purpose, unlike conventional nutritional supplements, is considered to be the improvement of the body and the provision of useful substances.

Healthy Food Supplements

Behind the E label lies not only harmful and rather dangerous chemistry, but also quite harmless and even useful substances. Do not be afraid of all food additives. Many substances that act as additives are ordinary extracts of natural products and plants. For example, in an ordinary apple there are many substances that are denoted by the letter E. For example, ascorbic acid (E300), pectin (E440), riboflavin (E101), acetic acid (E260), etc.

Despite the fact that the apple contains such a huge amount of substances that are included in the list of food additives, it cannot be called a dangerous product. The same goes for many other products.

Consider some of the most popular, but at the same time also useful supplements.

E100 - stands for curcumins. These substances help control weight.

E101 stands for riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2. This substance takes an active part in the synthesis of hemoglobin and metabolism.

E160d stands for lycopene. It strengthens the immune system.

E270 - stands for lactic acid. This substance has antioxidant properties.

E300 - stands for ascorbic acid, it is also vitamin C. It helps to increase immunity, improves skin condition and brings many more benefits.

E322 - means lecithin. It supports immunity, improves the quality of bile and blood formation processes.

E440 - stands for pectins. These substances help cleanse the intestines.

E916 - stands for calcium iodate. It is used to enrich food with iodine.

Neutral food additives - relatively harmless

E140 - stands for chlorophyll, thanks to this substance, plants acquire a green color.

E162 - stands for betanin, it is a dye that has a red color. It is obtained from beets.

E170 - means calcium carbonate, if it's simpler - ordinary chalk.

E202 - stands for potassium sorbitol, this substance is a natural preservative.

E290 - stands for carbon dioxide, it helps to turn an ordinary drink into a carbonated one.

E500 - baking soda. True, this substance can be considered relatively harmless, since in large quantities it can negatively affect the intestines and stomach.

E913 - lanolin. As a rule, it is used as a glazing agent, especially in the confectionery industry.

As it is not a pity, but there are much more harmful additives than useful ones. Moreover, they include not only synthetic substances, but also natural ones. The harm of food additives can be very great, especially if they are used with food regularly and in large quantities.

Currently, the following additives are also prohibited in Russia:

• bread and flour improvers - E924a, E924d;
• preservatives - E217, E216, E240;
• dyes E121, E173, E128, E123, Red 2G, E240.

Table of harmful food additives

Thanks to the research of modern experts, changes are regularly made to the lists of allowed and prohibited additives. It is advisable to constantly monitor such information, since some unscrupulous manufacturers, in order to reduce the cost of goods, violate the recommended production technologies.

It will not be superfluous to pay attention to additives of synthetic origin. Of course, they are not formally banned, but many experts consider them unsafe for human health.

For example, monosodium glutamate, which is hidden under the designation E621, is a very popular flavor enhancer and cannot be called harmful. Even, on the contrary, our brain and heart need it, when the body lacks it, it can produce this substance on its own. However, with an excess, glutamate can have a toxic effect, and the liver and pancreas get the most from it. In addition, it can cause addiction, allergic reactions, damage to the brain and vision. This substance is especially dangerous for children. But the packaging usually does not indicate exactly how much monosodium glutamate is contained in the product. Therefore, it is better not to abuse food containing it.

Raises doubts and safety E250. This substance can be called a universal additive, since it is used as a dye, antioxidant, preservative and color stabilizer. Despite the fact that the harm of sodium nitrate has been proven, most countries continue to use it. Usually it is included in the composition of sausages and meat products, it can also be present in herring, sprats, smoked fish, cheeses. Sodium nitrate is especially harmful for those who suffer from cholecystitis, dysbacteriosis, have problems with the liver and intestines. Once in the body of such people, this substance is converted into quite strong carcinogens.

Among synthetic dyes, it is almost impossible to find safe ones. They are capable of exerting mutagenic, allergenic and carcinogenic effects.

Antibiotics, often used as preservatives, cause dysbacteriosis and can cause many intestinal diseases. Thickeners tend to absorb substances, both harmful and beneficial, which can interfere with the absorption of minerals and other components needed by the body.

The use of phosphates can impair the absorption of calcium, which threatens the development of osteoporosis. Saccharin can cause tumors Bladder, and aspartame in terms of harmfulness may well compete with glutamate. When heated, it turns into a powerful carcinogen, affects the content of chemicals in the brain, is dangerous for diabetics and has a number of other harmful effects on the body.

Health and nutritional supplements

Over the long history of its existence, nutritional supplements have proven their usefulness. They have played a significant role in improving the taste, shelf life and quality of products, as well as in improving other characteristics. Of course, there are many additives that can not in the best way affect the body, but completely ignoring the benefits of such substances will also not be entirely correct.

For example, sodium nitrate, which is very popular in the meat and sausage industry, known as E250, despite the fact that it is not so safe, prevents the development of such a dangerous disease as botulism.

Unfortunately, completely deny Negative influence food additives are also impossible. Sometimes people, trying to get the maximum benefit, create not something that is not useful, but absolutely inedible, from the point of view of common sense, products. As a result, humanity gets a lot of diseases.

• Study food labels and try to choose those that contain the minimum number of different E.
• Do not purchase unfamiliar products, especially if their composition is rich in all sorts of additives.
• Avoid products containing sugar substitutes, flavor enhancers, thickeners, preservatives, and colorants.
• Give preference to natural, fresh products.

Nutritional supplements and human health are concepts that are increasingly being linked today. A lot of research is being carried out in this direction, as a result of which many more and more new facts are revealed. Many modern scientists believe that an increase in the diet of artificial additives and a decrease in the consumption of fresh foods is one of the main reasons for the increase in cases of cancer, asthma, obesity, diabetes and depression.

Additives "E", harmful and safe

Progress, unfortunately, does not always bring only positive things into people's lives. Sometimes, especially when innovations are introduced in the field of human nutrition, there is just a negative effect. For example, the invention of various food additives that enhance the taste, act as thickeners and dyes, flavors and preservatives, has become another test for the human body. The consequences of their use do not begin to affect immediately, and therefore a person is not always able to adequately respond to the causes of diseases.

Food additives include artificial and natural substances that are used to improve the properties of the product, its longer storage and transportation. The name of each additive contains the letter "E" and a number. The presence of additives must be noted on the product label - this is a prerequisite.

There are food additives that are poisonous and safe for humans. Banned worldwide: E121, E123, E216, E217, E240, E924a, E924b. These are harmful food additives "E". The rest of the additives are considered safe, but some of them cause allergic reactions and adversely affect the gastrointestinal tract.

Tests on the action of food products that contain additives "E" are carried out in special laboratories. Only after finding out the effect of such additives on the human body, it is allowed to sell products containing them.

The harm that certain additives "E" bring, the table reflects in this way:

E 102 causes allergies;

E128 contribute to the development of oncology and congenital defects development;

E 216 and 217 cause severe poisoning;

E 250 contributes to the development of hypoxia and oncology, causes beriberi and poisoning;

E 320 causes an increase in cholesterol;

E 400-499 can cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;

E510, E513 and E527 disrupt the intestinal tract, cause loose stools and liver disease;

E951 is the cause of mental disorders and a decrease in serotonin in the cerebral cortex.

When buying products, pay attention to what is written on the label.

Remember that there are fewer additives where the expiration date is shorter!

The most dangerous products that contain "E" additives are:

Chewing gum, because they contain sweeteners in their composition, which can cause the formation of caries;

- "liquid smoke";
- colored and carbonated drinks;
- Galina Blanca cubes and similar seasonings containing monosodium glutamate, which, if used frequently, causes allergies, hearing loss, glaucoma;
- some chocolates from such manufacturers as: "Nestle", "Alpen Gold", "Nesquik", "Sweet", "My Family", "Air".
- some dairy products with a long shelf life;
- some sausages.

Dear customers, be sure to study what is written on the package! You must remember that you have the right to return the product back to the store if you saw dangerous food additives on the label at home. You can, without looking at the label, buy a product that contains many harmful additives. Some substances in them can accumulate and have a carcinogenic effect, cause various mutations in the body.

Therefore, the use of such substances will someday make itself felt. Eat natural products, from your own suburban area or buy them from other growers. Such food does not contain harmful substances that can adversely affect your body. Vegetables and fruits from the garden do not contain additives "E", but have useful properties. It is better to take dairy products from a neighbor who keeps a cow - you will not buy such milk in any store.

Be attentive to the products that you use, then you can not be afraid for your healthy future! Live happily and without additives "E"!

Preservatives, food additives, E***

This information will help you in choosing the food products you purchase and will help maintain the health of your entire family - even if many permitted chemicals are acceptable, they are not always useful and necessary in nutrition.

Remember - not everything that is sold should be eaten.

Food additives (several hundred are known) are a simple and cheap way to give the product an attractive appearance and color, enhance the taste, and also extend its shelf life.

Previously, the names of these chemicals were written in full on food labels, but they took up so much space that in 1953, in Europe, it was decided to replace the full names of chemical food additives with a single letter with numerical codes. The E index (from Europe) within the European Community is used to denote the presence in a food product of any food additives identified according to international system classification (INS). According to this system, food additives are divided into groups according to the principle of action. The group is determined by the first digit indicated after the letter E.E100 - E182 Dyes. Enhance the color of the product.
E200 - E299 Preservatives (prolong the shelf life of the product). Chemical sterilizing additives. Protect against microbes, fungi, bacteriophages.
E300 - E399 Antioxidants (slow down oxidation, for example, from rancidity of fats and discoloration; similar in action to preservatives
E400 - E499 Stabilizers (preserve the desired product consistency). Thickeners - increase viscosity.
E500 - E599 Emulsifiers (maintain a homogeneous mixture of immiscible products, such as water and oil). They act like stabilizers.
Е600 - Е699 Flavor and odor enhancers
E700 - E899 reserved numbers
E900 - E999 Defoamers (prevent or reduce foam formation). Anti-flamings and other substances

Safe E

Only a small number of nutritional supplements can be truly (and not officially) harmless, but even they are not recommended by doctors for children under 5 years of age.

E100 - curcumin (color), can bezvreda in curry powder, sauces, ready meals with rice, jam, candied fruits, fish pates

E363 - succinic acid(acidifier), found in desserts, soups, broths, dry drinks

E504 - magnesium carbonate (baking powder), can bezvreda in cheese, chewing gum, food salt

E957 - thaumatin (sweetener) can bezvreda in ice cream, dried fruits, sugar-free chewing gum

The most harmful E - additives

The most harmful are preservatives and antioxidants.

preservatives. In an environment in which such a preparation is present, life becomes impossible and bacteria die, which keeps the product from spoiling longer. A person consists of a huge number of very different cells and has a large mass (compared to a unicellular organism), therefore, unlike unicellular organisms, it does not die from the use of a preservative (in some cases, also because the hydrochloric acid contained in the stomach partially destroys the preservative). So, the preservative E240 (formaldehyde) may be present in canned food (mushrooms, compotes, jams, juices, etc.)

Preservatives and stabilizers act like antibiotics.

Many harmful additives among dyes. In particular, prohibited: E121 (citrus red dye) and E123 (amaranth dye). They are commonly found in sweet sodas, sweets, and colored ice cream.

It has already been scientifically proven that all three supplements can promote the formation of malignant tumors.

Emulsifiers are more often represented by mineral substances, for example: E500 - soda (sodium bicarbonate); E507 - hydrochloric acid; E513 - sulfuric acid.

In addition to those mentioned above, there are chemical compounds that are considered non-hazardous and are approved for use throughout the world. However, judge for yourself how appropriate it is to talk about their harmlessness. Here are some of the most common:

* E250 - sodium nitrite
* E251 - sodium nitrate
* E252 - potassium nitrate

Without these additives, it is impossible to imagine sausages. In the process of processing, minced sausage loses its pale pink color, turning into a gray-brown mass. Then nitrates and nitrites come into play, and now a boiled veal-colored sausage “looks” at us from the window.

Nitro additives are found not only in sausages, but also in smoked fish, sprats, and canned herring. They are also added to hard cheeses to prevent swelling.

People suffering from diseases of the liver, intestines, dysbacteriosis, cholecystitis are advised to exclude foods containing these additives from the diet. In such people, part of the nitrates, getting into gastrointestinal tract, turns into more toxic nitrites, which, in turn, form rather strong carcinogens - nitrosamines.

E - sweeteners

Recently, various sugar substitutes have become increasingly popular, these additives are indicated by codes

E954 - saccharin
E952 - cyclamanic acid and cyclamates
E950 - acesulfan potassium
E951 - aspartame
E968 - xylitol

These substances, to varying degrees, adversely affect the liver.

Avoid products containing such additives within six months after suffering hepatitis. Be careful with xylitol. It can cause dysbiosis.

The list of unhealthy food additives EE 102 is dangerous
E 103 prohibited
E 104 suspicious (?)
E 105 prohibited
E 110 dangerous
E 111 prohibited
E 120 dangerous
E 121 prohibited
E 122 suspicious (?)
E 123 very dangerous, banned
E 124 dangerous
E 125 prohibited
E 126 prohibited
E 127 prohibited
E 129 dangerous
E 130 prohibited
E 131 shellfish
E 141 suspicious (?)
E 142 can cause cancer
E 150 suspicious (?)
E 151 is harmful to the skin
E 152 prohibited
E 153 can cause cancer
E 154 causes intestinal disorders, disturbs blood pressure
E 155 is dangerous
E 160 is harmful to the skin
E 171 suspicious (?)
E 173 suspicious (?)
E 180 dangerous
E 201 dangerous
E 210 can cause cancer, can cause stone and kidney disease
E 211 is prohibited. May cause cancer. Permissible maximum dosage in soft drinks - 150 mg/l!
E 212 can cause cancer
E 213 can cause cancer
E 214 can cause cancer
E 215 can cause cancer
E 216 is prohibited. propyl ether (alcohol). Can cause cancer
E 217 is prohibited. propyl ether. shellfish
E 219 can cause cancer
E 220 is dangerous
E 221 raster. intestines
E 222 is dangerous
E 223 dangerous
E 224 is dangerous
E 226 raster intestines
E 228 is dangerous
E 230 can cause cancer
E 231 is harmful to the skin
E 232 is harmful to the skin
E 233 is dangerous
E 239 is harmful to the skin
E 240 is prohibited. Can cause cancer
E 241 suspicious (?)
E 242 is dangerous
E 249 can cause cancer
E 250 disturbs blood pressure
E 251 disturbs blood pressure
E 252 can cause cancer
E 270 is dangerous
E 280 can cause cancer
E 281 can cause cancer
E 282 can cause cancer
E 283 can cause cancer
E 310 is harmful to the skin, causes a rash
E 311 harmful to skin, causes rash
E 312 harmful to skin, causes rash
E 320 cholesterol
E 321 cholesterol
E 330 can cause cancer
E 338 causes indigestion
E 339 causes indigestion
E 340 causes indigestion
E 341 causes indigestion
E 343 causes intestinal disorders
E 400 is dangerous
E 401 dangerous
E 402 dangerous
E 403 dangerous
E 404 dangerous
E 407 stomach
E 405 is dangerous
E 450 causes indigestion
E 451 causes indigestion
E 452 causes indigestion
E 453 causes stomach upset
E 454 causes stomach upset
E 461 causes indigestion
E 462 causes indigestion
E 463 causes stomach upset
E 465 causes indigestion
E 466 causes indigestion
E 477 suspicious (?)
E 501 dangerous
E 502 dangerous
E 503 dangerous
E 510 is very dangerous
E 513 is very dangerous
E 527 is very dangerous
E 620 is dangerous
E 626 causes intestinal disorders
E 627 causes intestinal disorders
E 628 causes intestinal disorders
E 629 causes intestinal disorders
E 630 causes intestinal disorders
E 631 causes intestinal disorders
E 632 causes intestinal disorders
E 633 causes intestinal disorders
E 634 causes intestinal disorders
E 635 causes intestinal disorders
E 636 dangerous
E 637 dangerous
E 907 harmful to skin, causes rash
E 924a prohibited
E 924b prohibited
E 951 is harmful to the skin
E 952 prohibited
E 954 can cause cancer
E 1105 harmful to the skin

Particularly harmful and prohibited food additives E according to INFO of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation:

E 102; E 104; E 110; E 120; E 121; E 122; E 123; E 124; E 127; E 128; E 129; E 131; E 132; E 133; E 142; E 151; E 153; E 154; E 155; E 173; E 174; E 175; E 180;

E 214; E 215; E 216; E 217; E 219; E 226; E 227; E 230; E 231; E 233; E 236; E 237; E 238; E 239; E 240; E 249 ... E 252; E 296; E 320; E 321; E 620; E 621; E 627; E 631; E 635;

E 924 a-b; E 926; E 951; E 952; E 954; E 957.

Rospotrebnadzor specialists consider the following additives dangerous: E102, E110, E120, E124, E127, E129, E155, E180, E201, E220, E222, E223, E224, E228, E233, E242, E270, E400, E401, E402, E403, E404 , E405, E501, E502, E503, E620, E636 and E637. E123, E510, E513 and E527 are listed as very dangerous, but for unknown reasons they have not yet been banned. Additives E104, E122, E141, E150, E171, E173, E241 and E477 are called suspicious.

Sodium benzoate (E 211)

The sodium salt of benzoic acid performs a rather important function of a preservative - it prevents the fermentation of juices and prevents bacteria from multiplying. It is added to soda and chips, to meat and ketchup. Prolonged use of E 211 in food can lead to metabolic disorders and cause cancer.

Aspartame (E 951)

This sweetener and flavor enhancer replaces sugar in diabetic products. Aspartame is added to chewing gum, drinks, canned food, condiments, etc. But for several years now in America, where it is used very widely, there has been a campaign to ban E 951. Products with the addition of aspartame can cause migraines, skin rashes, and brain deterioration.

Monosodium glutamate (E 621)

A chemical called monosodium glutamate gives the dish the taste and smell of meat (it is added to bouillon cubes to enhance flavor). If you exceed the norm (pour a few bags into a cup of noodles) - you can get poisoned. In America, hundreds of thousands of such poisonings occur every year.

FAO list of E additives

Classification of food additives in the Codex Alimentarius system, developed by the International Organization for Food and agriculture(FAO) at the United Nations. All these data are brought to the attention of product manufacturers, but since the FAO is a public organization, its information is only advisory in nature.

* E103, E105, E121, E123, E125, E126, E130, E131, E142, E153 - dyes. Contained in sweet sparkling water, lollipops, colored ice cream. Can lead to the formation of malignant tumors.

* E171-173 - dyes. Contained in sweet sparkling water, lollipops, colored ice cream. Can lead to liver and kidney disease.

* E210, E211, E213-217, E240 - preservatives. There is in canned food of any kind (mushrooms, compotes, juices, jams). Can lead to the formation of malignant tumors.

* E221-226 - preservatives. Used for any kind of preservation. Can lead to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

* E230-232, E239 - preservatives. Contained in canned food of any kind. May cause allergic reactions.

* E311-313 - antioxidants (antioxidants) There are yoghurts, fermented milk products, sausages, butter, chocolate. May cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

* E407, E447, E450 - stabilizers and thickeners. Contained in jams, jams, condensed milk, chocolate cheese. May cause liver and kidney disease.

* E461-466 - stabilizers and thickeners. There is in jams, jams, condensed milk, chocolate cheese. May cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

* E924a, E924b - defoamers. Found in carbonated drinks. Can lead to the formation of malignant tumors.

Lists from other sources on harm E

Prohibited Additives

E103 E105 E111 E121 E123 E125 E126 E130 E152 E952

Dangerous Additives

E102 E110 E120 E124 E127 E129 E155 E180 E201 E220 E222 E223 E224 E228 E233 E242 E270 E400 E401 E402 E403 E404 E405 E501 E502 E503 E620 E636 E637

Additives harmful to the skin

E151 E160 E231 E232 E239 E951 E1105

Shell-forming additives

E131 E142 E153 E210 E211 E212 E213 E214 E215 E216 E219 E230 E240 E249 E252 E280 E281 E282 E283 E330 E954

Very dangerous additives

E123 E510 E513 E527

Supplements that cause upset stomach

E338 E339 E340 E341 E450 E451 E452 E453 E454 E461 E462 E463 E465 E466

Supplements that affect blood pressure

E154 E250 E251

Additives that cause rashes

E310 E311 E312 E907

Additives that cause intestinal disorders

E154 E343 E626 E627 E628 E629 E630 E631 E632 E633 E634 E635

Information from another source

• Dangerous additives: Causing malignant tumors: E103, E105, E121, E123, E125, E126, E130, E131, E142, E152, E210, E211, E213-217, E240, E330, E447.
• Causing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: E221-226, E320-322, E338-341, E407, E450, E461-466.
• Allergens: E230, E231, E232, E239, E311-131.
• Causing diseases of the liver and kidneys: E171-173, E320-322.

From March 1, 2005, the use of additives - preservatives E216 and E217 is prohibited at domestic food enterprises.

conclusions

Some additives are harmful only in large quantities, but carcinogens tend to accumulate in the body. So, over time, it will make itself felt. Any modification of products makes them potentially hazardous to health. The use of synthetic flavor and color enhancers is a deception of your own body.

Eat organic products - fresh raw vegetables, fruits and berries.

Do not buy products with a long shelf life indicated on the label - a sign that there are a lot of preservatives.

It's no secret to anyone that modern man eats differently than its ancestors. Over the past 100 years, completely new products have become widely available, resulting from the application of the latest technologies in food production. The way food ingredients are stored and transported has changed significantly, and people around the world have been able to regularly consume foods that their grandparents did not even know about.

However, along with positive changes, the industrial production of food has brought a number of negative aspects into our lives. In an effort to improve consumer qualities (appearance, taste, shelf life, etc.), manufacturers began to include special substances in food products, most of which are not as harmless as they seem. We bring to the attention of readers the top 10 most harmful food additives that are found in common food and cosmetic products.

Artificial sugar substitutes improve the taste of food and reduce its cost. Two of them are especially dangerous: aspartame and acesulfame potassium. The first has a proven carcinogenic effect, with prolonged use causes skin lesions and destruction of tooth enamel. In addition, aspartame contains phenylalanine, a substance that has a negative effect on the psyche. Its accumulation in the body is fraught with the development of panic attacks and depressive states. The use of acesulfame potassium leads to kidney pathologies, including malignant neoplasms.

In food formulations, aspartame appears under the designation E951, and acesulfame potassium - E950 (also Sunett). Both substances are widely used in the manufacture of sugary drinks, confectionery, bread and pastries. Some drug manufacturers add the E950 sweetener to the glaze that covers the tablets.

Source: depositphotos.com

By itself, corn syrup is neither synthetic nor especially harmful, but during the manufacturing process it goes through a stage of enrichment with enzymes and additional fructose. The result is an additive that is many times more saturated with harmful components than regular sugar. Virtually all sugary sodas, drinks, and children's treats (gummies, hard candies, etc.) contain corn syrup as one of their main ingredients. With the frequent use of these products, the body receives such a load that it cannot cope with. The level of sugar in the blood increases exorbitantly. Prolonged use of corn syrup is fraught with the development diabetes Type 2, obesity and food addiction.

Source: depositphotos.com

Flavor enhancer. On product packaging, it is designated as E621 or MSG. When accumulated in the body, it can cause erosive damage to the digestive organs. However, the main danger of using monosodium glutamate lies elsewhere: for people who constantly eat food containing this substance, any other food seems insipid and tasteless. Thus, glutamate is addictive to certain types of foods, usually far from the most healthy. At risk are children and adolescents who are not yet able to assess the consequences of their actions and are not inclined to control their eating behavior.

The E621 additive is actively included in the composition of fast food, a variety of chips, crackers and snacks, canned food, sausages, smoked meat and fish, that is, products that you can only eat occasionally and in small quantities. Producers encourage immoderate consumption of such food, not caring about the health of buyers.

Source: depositphotos.com

trans fats

These substances do not make food healthier and tastier, but significantly reduce the cost of its production. They replace natural animal and vegetable fats, which undoubtedly plays into the hands of unscrupulous manufacturers. The use of trans fats in food contributes to negative changes in the composition of the blood, the accumulation of “bad” cholesterol in it. This increases the risk of developing cardiovascular pathologies, obesity, metabolic disorders (diabetes in particular), and reproductive problems, especially in men.

Most civilized countries have adopted laws requiring consumers to be warned that products contain trans fats, but manufacturers do not always follow them.

Source: depositphotos.com

Natural dyes are isolated from vegetable raw materials. They are harmless, but not always resistant to heat. In addition, vegetable dyes can rarely give the product a very bright color.

The more intense the color of the food you buy, the more likely it is to contain synthetic dyes. They are added to confectionery, sausages, cheeses, fish delicacies, drinks and many other finished products, and are also used in the manufacture of perfumes and cosmetics.

All food colorings can cause allergic reactions and indigestion. Some of these substances affect the central nervous system, which is very dangerous for children - big fans of bright candies, marmalades and other attractive sweets. In babies, artificial dyes cause increased excitability, impaired ability to concentrate and, as a result, problems with intellectual development.

Source: depositphotos.com

Preservative and emulsifier (E514), widely used by manufacturers of shampoos, conditioners and hair balms. It provokes the occurrence of allergic reactions (especially skin rashes), severe headaches and difficulty breathing.

Source: depositphotos.com

Preservative (E250), which is added to food (sausages, meat and fish gastronomy) to fix color and protect against oxidation. Toxic. Life-threatening poisoning causes a dose of 2 to 6 g.

Once in the body, sodium nitrite enters into chemical reactions, whose products are strong carcinogens. The additive itself can provoke the development of pathologies of the intestines and liver, as well as the appearance of allergic reactions.

Heart disease, obesity and high blood pressure caused by excessive salt intake and insufficient vegetable intake accounted for 2.1 million deaths in Europe in 2016. Russia is among the top ten countries where people die from food-related diseases. We talk about the principles of a plant-based diet based on the use of a large amount of fiber.

How not to overeat on holidays

And feel good

Mothers and grandmothers told us that in times of shortage, the preparation of the New Year's table began almost six months before the holiday: tasty things were obtained by hook or by crook. It was one of the few days of the year when delicacies became available, and the rest of the time you had to eat much more modestly. Now we can beautifully set the table at any time and eat whatever we want. But for many, the New Year holidays are breaking tables at home and away, a constantly full stomach (you have to eat it up, otherwise it will disappear!) And a feeling of guilt about the non-stop belly feast. How to keep cool among the mountains of delicious food?

Food additives are substances that can enhance the taste and aroma of products, maintain their presentation for a long time and extend their shelf life.

Additives are used in Food Industry. Almost all products on the counter in stores contain them - sausages and semi-finished meats, pickles, canned food, fruits and vegetables, various sweets (ice cream, sweets, desserts, jellies, yogurts, cheeses) and even bread.

Classification of food additives

I. By origin, the following food additives are distinguished:
1. Natural - are of plant or animal origin, include minerals in their composition.
2. Identical to natural - have the same properties as natural nutritional supplements, but synthesized in the laboratory.
3. Synthetic (artificial) - developed and synthesized in artificial conditions, have no analogues in nature.

II. There is a division of food additives by numerical code
Food additives are abbreviated as "E". There are several versions of the origin of this. Some experts argue that the name comes from Examined (translated means tested), while others believe that it comes from the word Europe. The letter "E" is always accompanied by a number indicating a group of nutritional supplements.
E 100-199 - dyes that enhance the natural color or restore the lost shade during the manufacture of the product

E 200-299 - preservatives that extend the shelf life of products

E 300-399 - antioxidants or antioxidants that prevent food spoilage
E 400-499 - thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilizers that affect the consistency of the product
E 500-599 - substances that preserve the structure of the product due to the normalization of acidity, humidity; they are also called baking powder; they prevent the "caking" of products
E 600-699 - flavor and odor enhancers
E 700-799 - food additives with pronounced antibacterial properties.
E 800-899 - category left for new additives
E 900-999 - sweeteners and defoamers
E 1000-1999 - a group of food additives with a wide spectrum of action: glazing agents (anti-flamings), salt melters, texturizers, separators, sealants, gas compressors

III. There are also useful, neutral, harmful and dangerous (prohibited) food additives. They will be discussed in more detail below.

Beneficial and harmful effects of food additives on the human body

Now the assertion is very popular that absolutely all food additives bring only harm. In fact, this is not true at all. They have their pros and cons, and some of them are even beneficial to the human body.

The great advantage of food additives is that they contribute to a longer storage of products, give them a “delicious” look, make them much more appetizing (which is very much appreciated by gourmets).

The main disadvantages are their bad influence on health. Various synthetic food additives damage organs and cause them to wear out quickly, because chemicals are hard to process by the human body. At high dosages, some supplements can be very dangerous.

Eating foods rich in flavor enhancers and flavors is everyone's business. Someone prefers to eat very tasty food, without attaching great importance to the fact that this can be harmful to health. Some people buy almost nothing in stores in order to avoid the negative effects of chemicals. And others can withstand the middle ground, eating most foods and observing “safety measures”.

Nutritional supplements useful for the human body

Curcumin (E100) - lowers blood cholesterol levels and increases hemoglobin, has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract (stimulates its peristalsis, normalizes the intestinal microflora, is effective for intestinal infections and peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, restores liver cells), prevents development of diabetes, arthritis and oncological diseases.

Riboflavin (E101) - is vitamin B2. It is involved in fat and protein metabolism, in redox processes, in the synthesis of other vitamins in the body. Riboflavin maintains youthfulness and elasticity of the skin, is necessary for the normal formation and development of the fetus and the growth of children. It is also very effective in constant stress, depression and psycho-emotional stress.

Carotene (E160a), annatto extract (E160b), lycopene (E160d) are similar in composition and action to vitamin A, they are powerful antioxidants. They contribute to the preservation and improvement of visual acuity, strengthen the immune system, protect against cancer. Always remember that these substances are strong allergens.

Beet betanin (E162) - has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system, lowering vascular tone and thereby lowering blood pressure. Reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Improves the absorption of proteins of plant and animal origin. Participates in the synthesis of choline, which stimulates the work of hepatocytes (liver cells). In addition, this substance has a strong anti-radiation effect. It also prevents the development or progression of oncological diseases, the degeneration of a benign tumor into a malignant one.

Calcium carbonate (E170) is a simple chalk. With a deficiency of calcium in the body, it compensates for its deficiency. May affect blood coagulation. Takes part in muscle contractions, including the heart muscle. It is the main component of bones and teeth. Chalk in case of overdose has a toxic effect on the body, causing the development of milk-alkaline syndrome in it.

Lactic acid (E270) is found in dairy products and cheeses, sauerkraut and cucumbers. It normalizes the intestinal microflora and is involved in carbohydrate metabolism, promoting the absorption of carbohydrates.

Vitamin C (E300) - ascorbic acid is a powerful antioxidant and protects body cells from free radicals. Strengthens immunity. It is found in large quantities in blackcurrant, kiwi, apple, cabbage, onion, pepper.
Vitamin E (E306-309) - tocopherols accelerate the regeneration of the skin. Slow down the aging of the body, protect against the action of toxins. They thin the blood and stimulate the work of red blood cells, thereby favorably affecting the cardiovascular system.
Lecithin (E322) has a large number of useful properties. Found in egg yolk, caviar and milk. Promotes proper development nervous system. Increases immunity. Reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood and removes it from the body. Improves hematopoiesis, bile composition. Prevents the development of cirrhosis of the liver.

Agar (E406) is part of the algae. It is rich in vitamin PP and trace elements (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, iodine). Its gelling effect is very often used in the food and confectionery industry. Agar, due to its high content of iodine, stimulates the thyroid gland. It is also able to bind and remove toxins and various toxins from the body. Another useful property of it is the improvement of bowel function.

Pectins (E440), the sources of which are apple, grapes, citrus fruits, plums. They remove toxins, toxins, heavy metals from the body. Helps cleanse the intestines. They protect the gastric mucosa from the action of damaging factors, have an analgesic and healing effect on ulcers. Reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. It should always be remembered that in large quantities pectins are strong allergens.

Neutral food additives

Chlorophyll (E140) is a dye. It colors food green color. Completely safe for human health. Some experts argue that it is even useful - it removes toxins from the body, when applied externally, it can heal wounds and eliminate unpleasant odors emitted by the human body.

Sorbic acid (E202) has a powerful antimicrobial effect, because it is able to inhibit the growth of mold in products. It is absolutely safe for humans. It is most often added to sausages, cheeses, smoked meats, rye bread.

Acetic acid (E260) is the most common acidity regulator. In a small concentration, it is completely harmless to the body and even useful, because it promotes the breakdown of carbohydrates and fats. But at a concentration of 30% or more, it becomes dangerous due to the possibility of burns to the skin and mucous membranes of internal organs. It is used in the preparation of mayonnaise, various sauces, confectionery, in the preservation of vegetables, fish, meat.

Citric acid (E330) serves as a flavor enhancer, preservative and acidity regulator. Due to the fact that it is used in small dosages, it is safe for humans. But when working with concentrated solutions or when eating large amounts of citric acid side effects may occur - burns of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and stomach, irritation of the respiratory tract and skin.

Gum (E410, 412, 415) is a natural additive in ice cream, desserts, processed cheeses, vegetable and fruit preserves, sauces, pates, bakery products. It is used because of its ability to form jelly to create a specific product structure. It also prevents its crystallization, which is very important for ice cream. Safe for human health. Its beneficial effect on appetite is noted - gum reduces it.

Mono - and diglycerides of fatty acids (E471) serve as natural stabilizers and emulsifiers. They are part of mayonnaise, pate, yogurt. They are absolutely safe for health, but have one important side effect- when consumed in large quantities, body weight increases.

Baking soda (E500) serves as a leavening agent in the manufacture of confectionery products (baked goods, cookies, cakes), because it prevents the products from caking and the formation of lumps in them. Harmless to humans.

Calcium and potassium iodides (E916, 917). These dietary supplements are under investigation, so they are not yet on the lists of prohibited or allowed substances. Theoretically, they should stimulate the thyroid gland. Can protect against radioactive radiation. With a large intake of iodine in the body, signs of poisoning appear, so these supplements should be consumed in moderation.

Acesulfame potassium (E950), Aspartame (E951), Sodium cyclamate (E952), Saccharin (E954), Thaumatin (E957), Maltitol (E965), Xylitol (E967), Erythritol (E968) - sweeteners and sugar substitutes. They are added to carbonated drinks, desserts, candies, chewing gums and some low-calorie foods.

There is an active debate about the benefits and harms of these dietary supplements. Some believe that they are absolutely safe for the body, while others argue that these substances enhance the effect of carcinogens. There is also an opinion that sweeteners are wonderful sugar substitutes and are suitable for those who want to lose weight. excess weight. Doctors warn of their negative effect on liver cells, especially in people who have had hepatitis.

Dangerous food additives and their effect on the human body

The following is a list of the most common food additives that pose a risk to human health. They are widely used in the food industry, despite the harm they cause.

Yellow-green quinoline (E104) is a dye. It is added to sweets, chewing gum, carbonated drinks, groceries, smoked fish. It can cause severe allergic reactions, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. It has a negative impact on the health of children.

Benzoic acid and its derivatives (E210-213) cause great harm to human health, especially in children. They cause strong allergic reactions and the development of cancer, nervous excitement, negatively affect respiratory system and human intelligence. The list of products that include these nutritional supplements is huge. Here are some of them: chips, ketchup, canned vegetables and meat, carbonated drinks, juice. However, these substances are not banned in many countries.

Sulfites (E221-228) are a group of food additives that are still poorly understood and are considered hazardous to human health. They are preservatives and are added to canned fruits and vegetables, instant mashed potatoes, tomato pastes, starch, wine. They process dried fruits and disinfect containers. These substances can cause severe allergic reactions, provoke attacks of bronchial asthma, irritating the respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal diseases. If the cooking technology is violated, they can lead to death.

Urotropin (E239) increases the shelf life of cheeses and canned caviar. It is dangerous to human health due to its strong carcinogenic effect. It is also a powerful allergen and causes various skin diseases.

Nitrites and nitrates (E250-252). These food additives are added to sausages to give them a rich pink color. In addition, they are able to protect products from oxidation and exposure to microbial agents. Despite such positive traits, these substances are very dangerous for human health, because they have a powerful carcinogenic effect, provoking the development of cancer of the lungs and intestines. They often have allergic reactions up to suffocation. They also affect the cardiovascular system, either narrowing or expanding the vessels, thereby causing sharp jumps in blood pressure. Nitrates also affect the nervous system. This is manifested by headaches, impaired coordination, convulsions.

Propionates (E280-283) serve as preservatives. They are added to dairy products, bakery products, various sauces. They have a negative effect on the vessels of the brain, causing them to spasm. Migraine headaches can occur if these chemicals are used in excess. They are not recommended for children.

Carbon dioxide (E290) is one of the main components of carbonated drinks. It is able to wash out calcium, which is very harmful for a growing organism. It can provoke an exacerbation of gastritis and peptic ulcer of the stomach, belching and flatulence.

Ammonium chloride (E510) serves as a dough improver. It is added to yeast, bread, bakery products, diet food and flour. It has a strong negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract, especially on the liver and intestines.

Monosodium glutamate (E621) is one of the most famous food additives. It belongs to the group of flavor enhancers. His perceived danger is slightly exaggerated. In fact, monosodium glutamate is a component of legumes, algae, soy sauce. In small quantities, it is completely harmless to the human body. But with the systematic use of a large number of products containing it (chips, seasonings, sauces, semi-finished products), accumulation and deposition of sodium salts in various organs occurs. As a result, diseases can develop: decreased visual acuity, tachycardia, general weakness, severe headaches, nervous excitement, allergies (itching of the skin and flushing of the face).
This is not a complete list. It includes only the most dangerous and commonly used food additives. In fact, there are many more of them.

Prohibited Food Additives

Yellow tartrazine (E102) is used as a coloring agent in ice cream, sweets, carbonated drinks, yoghurts. It can cause severe allergic reactions, migraines and nervous excitement. Very dangerous for children. Banned in most countries.

Citrus red (E121) is added to carbonated drinks, lollipops, ice cream. It is a powerful carcinogen. Banned in most countries.

Amaranth (E123) - dark red dye. It is a chemical food additive that affects the liver and kidneys, provoking the development of severe allergic reactions, chronic rhinitis and cancer. It is most often used in the preparation of products that are very fond of children - jellies, desserts, puddings, ice cream, breakfast cereals, muffins and so on. This substance is banned in most countries.

Formaldehyde (E240) is used as a preservative in the manufacture of meat and sausage products, various drinks (carbonated water, cold teas, juices) and sweets (desserts, candies, chewing gums, jellies). It has a carcinogenic effect, causes damage to the nervous system, allergies and intoxication of the body.

Potassium and calcium bromates (E924a, E 924b) serve as improvers and oxidizers in the production of bakery products, as well as defoamers in carbonated drinks. They have a powerful carcinogenic effect. Banned in most countries.

Dosing of nutritional supplements

For each food additive, an acceptable daily dose is determined at which human health will not be harmed. But the catch is that most often manufacturers do not write the content of the substance in the product on the packaging. Full squad can only be found in specialized laboratories. In the same place, an exact calculation of the additive for a given amount of the product was made.

There is a rule for distributing ingredients in descending order - the substance that is contained in the highest concentration is indicated first in the composition, and the least - the last.

Very often, manufacturers, in order to hide the shortcomings of a product, add food additives to it not according to technology, but to bring it to a “presentation”. Thus, they do not even know how many chemicals they contain. And the packaging does not always indicate the exact composition of the product.

To date, additives have flooded the food market so much that it is even difficult to say where they are not contained. It is also almost impossible to completely abandon the products sold in stores, especially if this applies to urban residents.

Therefore, you should try to minimize their use.

Below are some tips on how this can be done.
 Before buying any product, it is better to study its exact composition in advance (information can be found on the Internet);
 It should always be remembered that most often chemicals are dangerous when used in large quantities, whether it is a useful or dangerous additive;
 Also, their impact on the body depends on the age and weight of the person;
 During illness or when the immune system is weakened, chemicals do more harm, therefore, in such conditions, it is better to limit their use;
 Fibers of plant fiber, thanks to the pectin they contain, cleanse the body of toxins and toxins. Therefore, every day you need to eat fresh vegetables and fruits;
 Foods loaded with chemicals can form and release hazardous substances during heat treatment. The most harmful in this regard are aspartame (E951) and sodium nitrite (E250). Before you fry or boil the product, you must carefully study its composition.
 Do not eat brightly colored foods, vegetables and fruits out of season.
 It is imperative to limit the use of foods rich in food additives to children under five years of age (sausages and meat products, cheese, desserts, jellies, yogurts, seasonings and bouillon cubes, instant noodles, cereals, and so on).
 Well, and most importantly, everything should be in moderation - you don’t need to completely avoid products with additives, but you shouldn’t get too carried away with sausage, chips and fanta either. The body in a normal state is able to process a small amount of chemicals without harm to health. Their dangerous effects begin to appear with the systematic use of products with dyes and substitutes.

Food production and cross-border trade require the systematization of substances used in the manufacturing process. To separate harmful food additives from neutral and useful ones, it is necessary to study their properties.

Food additives are classified according to their properties:

• e100-182 is added to color the mixture;
• e200-299 are used to keep the product fresh;
• e300-399 - antioxidants;
• e400-499 - emulsifiers;
• e500-599 - used to adjust acidity;
• e600-699 enhance taste or smell;
• e700-899 - spare values;
• e900 - substances with individual properties (for example, e950 - a sweetener).

Also, food additives are classified according to their effects on humans:

• useful;
• harmless or neutral;
• harmful substances.

The effect of food E ingredients on the body

Food additives are constantly used in food. At home, people use vinegar, citric acid, soda, etc. In industrial production, it is also required to improve the properties of the final product. For example, preservatives E make it possible to keep food fresh several times longer than is possible under natural conditions.

To find out everything about the E supplement, scientists conduct numerous tests. Safe substances are allowed to be used.

Harmful food additives can cause tumors, chronic diseases, damage to internal organs. They are prohibited from use.

Table-catalogue of the most commonly used food additives

The complete table E is too large. The list includes thousands of names of substances. Therefore, the following is a description of the most common substances in the food industry.

Healthy Food Supplements

The name of the additive in the "e" list	Description	Usage	Impact on the human body
e100	The food supplement is made from turmeric and other plants of the ginger family.	Curcumin is used to color plant and animal products. Used in some dietary supplements.	Researchers point out that curcumin does not have a pronounced effect on humans. In certain concentrations, it causes the death of cancer cells without a negative effect on healthy tissues.
e129	The dye is made from coal tar.	Gives products a red tint.	Studies on rainbow trout have shown that the use of e129 reduces the risk of stomach cancer by 40%.
e296	Malonic or malic acid. It is obtained synthetically during the reaction of reduction of tartaric acid.	e296 is used to enhance the taste. It is found in sweets and other confectionery products that use artificial flavors.	e296 is harmless to the body. Malic acid improves body tone.
e306	A mixture of tocopherols. Synthesized from plant material.	Antioxidant, prevents the oxidation of certain substances, such as vitamin A. Used in desserts, meat pies, dairy products.	e306 binds free radicals in the body, preventing them from interacting with cell tissues. As a result, the risk of oncological diseases decreases, immunity increases.
e401	Sodium salt of alginic acid.	e401 is used as a stabilizer and thickener in sauces, jellies, jams and other mixtures. The compositions retain uniformity and viscosity.	Not fixed harmful influence e401 additives per person. In large doses, it can bind radionuclides and heavy metals, removing them from the body.
e407	Carrageenan. Made from red algae. Thickener.	The substance forms a gel. In the production of ice cream, dairy products, confectionery, carrageenan helps to make the mass homogeneous.	Has a slight antiviral effect, anticoagulant. Relieves symptoms of stomach ulcers.
e414	gum arabic. Processed resin of acacia trees.	It is used in the production of biscuits, sweets, soft drinks, marshmallows, glazes to prevent the formation of lumps, foam, sugaring.	Additive e414 does not cause allergic reactions, removes heavy metals from the body.

Relatively harmless and neutral nutritional supplements

Many substances used in the food industry do not have a pronounced negative effect. Commonly used ones are presented in the following table of nutritional supplements.

Additive name	Description	Usage	Impact on the human body
e 104	Synthetic yellow dye.	e 104 is added to drinks, candies, groceries and other products for coloring.	In 2007, researchers in Britain found that the use of this dye can cause hyperactivity in children. Later, the evidence base for the effect of e 104 on behavior was considered weak.
e120	Carmine. Produced from cochineal beetles.	In the food industry, it is used for red coloring. Usually in sausages and sausages.	No positive or negative reactions of the body to this substance were recorded.
e133	A dye obtained from coal tar.	The substance in combination with other compounds gives drinks, ice cream, desserts a green color.	The e133 supplement can cause an allergic reaction in people with aspirin intolerance.
e150a	Sugar color. Emulsifier, obtained by heating and decomposition of sugar.	emulsifier and dye Brown. Used in the manufacture of alcoholic beverages, desserts.	E150a is completely safe for health. With excessive use of products with it, an upset gastrointestinal tract is possible.
e160	Carotene. Obtained from carrots, corn, palm oil.	Yellow-orange dye. Usually added to dairy products (cheese, yogurt, etc.), mayonnaise, bakery products.	The substance has no harmful effects on the body at doses used for coloring foodstuffs. In high concentrations, it is used in medicine for the treatment of diseases of the organs of vision.
e262	Sodium salt of acetic acid. Can be obtained at home by extinguishing soda with vinegar.	preservative. Prevents the growth of bacteria.	Strong allergen, can impede kidney function. The substance is part of the cell cytoplasm, so an active reaction occurs in a small number of people.
e316	Sodium isoascorbate. It is obtained from beets, corn, sugar cane.	Antioxidant. Protects meat and fish products from oxidation and discoloration. Used in bakery and confectionery industry.	According to e 316 it is indicated that the organism healthy person tolerates it neutrally.
e321	Ionol. It is obtained during the reaction of paracresol with isobutylene.	It is added as an antioxidant to cereals, muesli, granola, oils and other products to reduce the rate of auto-oxidation of substances.	Some countries have recognized the e321 additive as carcinogenic, but precise evidence has not been presented.
e331	A food supplement is obtained by the interaction of citric acid and sodium salt. The technical name is citation sodium.	An antioxidant with a sour taste. It is added to drinks, marshmallows, soufflés and other products to slow down the autoxidation process.	A chemical compound is formed naturally in the body of any person. Does not cause allergies, other negative reactions.
e 341	calcium phosphate. Obtained by the interaction of phosphoric acid and milk of lime.	Stabilizer, acidity regulator, color fixative. It is added in the production of bakery products, drinks, breakfast cereals, milk powder, etc.	The additive is not included in the list of banned in Russia and EU countries. It does not have a positive or negative effect on a person.
e470	Group of substances: magnesium, calcium, ammonium salts of oleic, palmitic, myristic and stearic acids.	Stabilizer and emulsifier. Prevents clumping and caking. E470 is used in the production of powdered soups, powdered sugar, etc.	Additive e470 has no properties harmful to humans.
e471	A food supplement is formed during the breakdown of fats.	The compound can replace animal fats in mayonnaise, margarine, ice cream, yogurt, etc.	The substance is neutral. The chemical composition is close to animal fat, therefore, it is processed by the body without consequences.
e472	The code designates a group of fatty acid esters.	Emulsifier and thickener. The additive is used to make chocolate, sausages, sauces, biscuits, etc.	There are no confirmed data on harmful or useful properties e472.
e474e	Mixed esters of glycerol.	e474e is used for plasticizing dough. Used in cooking bakery products, in the production of pasta, etc.	Additive e474e is safe, allowed in many countries of the world.
e 475	Polyglyceride, obtained by the synthesis of glycerol with aliphatic carboxylic acids.	emulsifier and stabilizer. Increases the viscosity of the product. Found in desserts and sweets.	Numerous studies have been carried out on e 475. No benefit or harm to humans.
e476	Vegetable lecithin.	An emulsifier used in the preparation of chocolate and other confectionery products.	Harmless.
e503	It is formed during the heating of ammonium chloride and its reaction with water and carbon dioxide.	Emulsifier. e503 is used in cookies, cakes and other products.	e503 can only be dangerous in its original state. In food, it does not harm humans.
e635	Sodium 5-ribonucleotides.	Additive e635 enhances taste and smell. Added to chips, crackers and other snacks.	The danger of the e635 additive for humans has not been established.
e1414	It is a thickener obtained from plant grains, bulbs, seeds, stems. modified starch.	Additive e1414 is used in canning fish, baby food, yogurt and other products as a thickener and consistency stabilizer.	Substance e1414 is only partially absorbed by the body, the concentration dangerous for humans has not been established. Similar effects are possible only with individual allergic reactions.
e1442	modified starch.	An emulsifier used in the preparation of dairy products.	Danger e 1442 has not been confirmed.
e1450	Ester of starch and sodium salt of octenylsuccinic acid.	Gives uniformity to the product. Added to drinks, cheeses, sauces, etc.	e1450 is processed by the body without consequences.
e551	Silica.	Used in powder products and dry mixes as an anti-caking agent.	Absent.

Harmful food additives

Harmful e additives, the negative impact of which on humans is confirmed, are prohibited for use. This table presents food additives, the negative impact of which has not been conclusively confirmed.

Additive name	Description	Usage	Impact on the human body
e250	The supplement comes from The composition is sodium nitrite.	Found in meat products. Preservative, promotes color fixation.	In large doses, it causes a decrease in muscle tone, contributes to the development of COPD and cancer.
e466	Carboxymethylcellulose.	Thickener. It is used in the manufacture of ice cream, curd products, desserts, jelly.	A number of studies on e 466 indicate that the substance increases the level of cholesterol in the blood, can cause the development of tumors in animals. There are no exact data on human exposure.
e492	Sorbitan tristearate. It is obtained from animal products.	Stabilizer.e492 is added to milk, cream, confectionery fillings, chewing gums, etc.	If the dose exceeds 25 mg per kg of body weight, growth retardation, liver enlargement is possible.
e 627	Disodium guanylate.	Preservative used in sausages, canned vegetables, chips, etc.	Not recommended for asthmatics, children under 12 and gout patients.
e1520	propylene glycol (alcohol).	E1520 is used for freezing berries and meat as a refrigerant.	In large quantities, it can cause dermatitis, toxic to the nervous and immune systems.

The most dangerous additives are prohibited by law for use in food preparation. It is impossible to meet goods with them on free sale.

Harmful food additives affect the body only when used in large quantities for a long time. The results of the studies are talking about an increased risk of a certain disease, and not an indication that such nutritional supplements definitely lead to a certain disease.

It is impossible to know everything about E. A person who does not have contraindications for the use of certain substances does not need to carefully study chemical composition each product.

Citizens, wishing to exclude harmful additives from the diet, forget about other factors that adversely affect health: smoking, alcohol consumption, stress, lack of sleep, etc.