Medicinal plants of the native land. Kalina. Research work "Medicinal plants of the native land"

Oktyabrsky settlement

« medicinal plants native land"
Research.

Vova Rozhentsev - 4th grade student
Bokhan Zinaida Aleksandrovna - primary school teacher

2010 - 2011

Study plan .

1. Introduction.

2. Information about medicinal plants.

2.1.History of the use of medicinal plants.

2.2 Proper collection of plants.

2.3. Herbarium.

3. Medicinal plants of our region.

4. Making a collection:

Collection of plants;

Decor.

5. Conclusion.

Purpose of the study:

To get acquainted with the variety of medicinal plants of the native land.

Research objectives:

Find out the features of the external structure, the beneficial properties of medicinal plants;

Learn to recognize plants in herbarium samples, photographs;

Make a conclusion on the work done.

Introduction.

I live in the countryside. Around our village Beautiful places. I like being in a pine forest. It is so clean, it seems that someone is doing the cleaning there. There are many mushrooms and berries in this forest. And there is white moss-lichen in the forest, it grows right on the ground, which makes it seem that someone has spilled milk. My grandmother jokes: "These are forest men." There is also a moss swamp near our village. It grows a completely different moss, not the same as in a pine forest, it is always wet.

Our village stands on the banks of the Ob River and beyond the river meadows are visible, cattle graze on them, and grass is cut there for hay. Every summer I go to the mowing with my relatives. There I noticed that in flood meadows near large rivers, only grasses grow: clover, mouse peas, timothy, horsetail, sedge. Very rarely you will find bushes in the meadow, and there are no trees at all. Mom picked some herbs. They smelled good. She explained that these herbs are healing, help from various diseases. They should be properly dried and preserved. So I first heard that there are medicinal plants. It's time, I went to school. Often with the whole class we go on excursions to the forest, on hikes, on walks. Once upon a lesson The world» The teacher said that we are going on an excursion, we need to take a notebook and a pen, we will write down and draw plants. And you don't have to go far for that. Plants grow right on the porch of our school. They were right under our feet. We walk on them, cars pass by, and they grow as if nothing had happened.

How many are here, around us, different plants! Many of them are very helpful. They are called medicinal: for example, plantain, dandelion, knotweed. The teacher offered to look through the "School Atlas-determinant higher plants". It contains colorful drawings by which you can determine the type of plant and their description. I wanted to know as much as possible about them. My grandmother, a great lover of nature, knows many plants that are medicinal. She uses many of them in the treatment of various diseases. I myself drank various herbal infusions prepared by her more than once when I was ill with colds. That's how I decided to investigate the problem associated with medicinal plants of our region in my work. It is difficult to meet a person who would not have seen and did not know medicinal plants, for example, plantain, dandelion, but they know little about what diseases they help against. The result of my research work will be a collected collection medicinal herbs our region.

I started my work with the theoretical part, reading the popular science and fiction about medicinal plants. First I got acquainted with the history of their use in ancient times.

History of the use of medicinal plants.

"Medicine is the art of imitating the healing effects of nature"

Hippocrates.

Medicinal plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times. For thousands of years, herbs have served man. On their own experience, primitive people comprehended their healing knowledge from generation to generation. Since ancient times, healing has been a sacrament, so healers chose their students very meticulously. The collection, manufacture of medicines and treatment were accompanied by magical techniques and spells. Already an outstanding ancient Greek physician and thinker Hippocrates described 236 plants that were used in medicine of that time. Among them are henbane, elderberry, mint, almonds and others.

Hippocrates believed that the juices of medicinal plants optimally combine biologically active, organic and mineral substances that miraculously affect the human body. Therefore, he recommended the use of plants in the form in which nature created them. In Russia, herbal treatment is known and popular. Since ancient times, even kings and princes were interested in the cultivation and use of medicinal plants. At the beginning of the 17th century, under Alexei Mikhailovich, the Pharmaceutical Order was created, which supplied the court and the army with herbs.

Peter I ordered the creation of pharmaceutical schools and vegetable gardens - the first plantations of medicinal plants in Russia.

Much has changed since then, but interest in medicinal herbs has not faded away - on the contrary, now it is especially great. In our time, people are increasingly resorting to the help of phototherapy - evidence-based treatment with medicinal plants, and folk remedies. Juices, decoctions, infusions taken orally, external lotions and rinses help the sick body cope with many ailments, get rid of suffering. Medicines from the forest pharmacy will speed up wound healing, stop bleeding, heal a sick heart, restore lost appetite, improve digestion, heal stomach ulcers, and increase the tone of life. Sometimes they help in cases where even medicine is powerless.

Collection of medicinal plants.

After getting acquainted with the history of the use of medicinal plants, I decided to get acquainted with the correct collection of plants, as they are an important raw material for many medicines. In order for the drug to have the best effect on the body, it is very important to collect the plants at certain times, dry them properly and store them.

It is necessary to collect grass, leaves, flowers only in dry weather, it is better in the morning, as soon as the dew subsides. If you collect raw plants affected by fungi, eaten by insects, they will deteriorate. In tall plants, only flowering tops are cut off, no longer than 20-40 cm, or flowering branches are broken off. Collect only blooming flowers, wilted should not be taken.

So , roots dug in the fall after the leaves have fallen or in early spring, cleaned with cold water.

Aboveground part plants containing volatile aromatic substances are harvested in early summer, when the leaves have fully blossomed and the buds have started.

Green leaves and grass can be harvested all summer, but better in spring.

flowers tear fully blossomed and only in clear weather.

Fruits and seeds- only mature.

The collected plants are dried in a well-ventilated room, and especially succulent ones - in a slightly heated oven or a special dryer at a temperature of 40 - 50 degrees. It is better to store dried plants in glassware.

In the course of my work, I learned that the plants, collected according to a certain plan, carefully dried and provided with labels, are called herbarium.

Herbarium.

"The flower is withered, earless,

Forgotten in the book I see;

And now a strange dream

My soul is filled with

Where did it bloom? When? What spring?

And how long did it bloom? And torn off by someone ... "

A. S. Pushkin.

Herbarium is collected to study the external appearance of the plant; to compare samples found in different areas; find out what grew in any locality in the past; change in flora.

Since ancient times, travelers have sought to bring plants unknown in their homeland from distant countries. But was it easy to deliver the plant when it took months, and sometimes years of a hard journey to get home? Even then, they began to dry the found samples of flora in order to preserve them for a long time. Collections of dried plants began to be called "herbarium". The word "herbarium" appeared in the Middle Ages in Europe and then meant books about plants, their useful properties(in Russia they were called herbalists).

The oldest herbarium was collected at the beginning of the 16th century and is still kept in Rome. At the same time, a collection of dried medicinal plants was created, which were pasted on paper and bound into large format volumes. In Russia, the first scientific herbarium appeared at the beginning of the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I.

Medicinal plants of our region.

The next step in my research was getting to know the plants of our region. The flora of our region is rich and diverse! You will leave the outskirts of the village, plunge into the green thicket of the forest, breathe in the aroma of meadows and fields, and the feeling of love for your land becomes even stronger. You will feel the beauty of Siberian nature even more strongly. More than 40 species of medicinal plants grow in the vastness of our region. By medicinal use they are divided into a number of groups. For example, motherwort has an effect on the heart vascular system, wild rosemary- as an expectorant; burnet, sphagnum moss- hemostatic agents; chamomile, cumin, plantain, St. John's wort- in case of illness gastrointestinal tract; wild rose, mountain ash, currant, lingonberry, cranberry- Valuable vitamins.

Collection making.

After I read the necessary literature, I moved on to the practical part. Before starting the production of the collection, we began to collect the plants we needed. The work was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. It took a lot of time, as the plants began to grow, bloom, bear fruit at different times. We collected them in the vicinity of the village: in the forest, on the banks of the Ob River, near human habitation, in glades.

During the collection, I always photographed the plant I needed, made sketches and notes.

Arriving home, he transferred the sketches to the album sheet.

Lily of the valley Rosemary. Rose hip.

Then he proceeded to prepare the materials for storage. The plants were dug up with roots, carefully removing the earth from them, and placed between sheets of paper, while carefully straightening the leaves, flowers, stems. Sheets with samples were alternated with blank ones. Large plants were cut into pieces and dried separately. Branches with flowers were cut from trees and shrubs.

While the copies were drying, he put things in order in his notes. Together with the teacher, he indicated the correct name of the plants, described the appearance; for example, what was the color of the petals of the corolla of a flower, since after drying the color changes. They indicated when, by whom, where the plant was cut, how it is used in scientific and folk medicine.

But now the plants have dried up, and I started to design my collection. I chose a white A4 sheet as a background for all copies. I placed the dried plants on the sheets and glued them.

On the next sheet, I wrote down all the data about this plant, relying on the scientific literature and my own observations, pasted a photograph. On the 3rd sheet, a drawing made with colored pencils. I put all the sheets in perforated inserts and put them in one folder.

Conclusion.

Many wild medicinal plants have not yet been studied, and therefore their beneficial properties and qualities for humans have not been known. Scientific research, which are carried out by scientists, will allow in the future to introduce new plants into the culture, which today can only be found as wild plants. The forest pantry of health is open to all. However, it is necessary to handle its diverse gifts with care. Indeed, among the plants that are harmless and attractive in appearance, there are many poisonous ones, although they are healing when used correctly. They need to be well known to avoid poisoning. The most dangerous in this respect henbane, wolf's bast, milestone poisonous. Procurement of medicinal raw materials is still produced in small sizes.

But man, invading deeper and deeper into natural processes, sometimes causes irreversible changes. As a result of human activity, the habitats of medicinal plants and they themselves are being destroyed. Therefore, the protection of nature should now become a national task. I would like to believe that people will come to their senses and will live in harmony with nature, without harming it. And then there will be no Red Books!

Conclusion.

But now the work is done. The most important result of all the work done is the collection made by me under the guidance of senior mentors. During the study, I learned to observe; ask questions about the topic of work; identify the problem. I got great pleasure from my work. It is valuable that knowledge and skills were obtained as a result of one's own labor. I shared my experience in organizing research work with my comrades. The collection is in our classroom and anyone can get acquainted with it.

I enclose some types of specimens from my collection.
Wormwood.

Description of appearance.

M perennial herbaceous plant with a thick branched stem. Stem erect, up to 120 cm high, thick, branched. The leaves are alternate, the flowers are small, yellow, tubular, collected in almost spherical baskets, forming a paniculate inflorescence at the top of the stem. The fruits are small brown oblong achenes. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near housing. It is called differently - not sick, bylnik. As a weed, it is distributed almost throughout the country. The grass has a peculiar smell and a bitter taste. Collect it until the end of summer, and the roots in the fall.

AND

P tarn enhances the activity of the digestive organs, stimulates and improves appetite, so it has long been prescribed for sluggish digestion and decreased appetite. In medicine, it is used as a sedative. The drugs are prescribed for insomnia and neuralgia, as well as bronchial asthma and diabetes, hypertension. Wormwood roots are used for epilepsy, convulsions, convulsions, disorders of the nervous system. For kidney stones and Bladder wormwood is used in a mixture with bearberry leaves, horsetail grass and seeds of carrots and dill. Externally used in the form of infusions for inflammation of the mucous membrane, for the treatment of wounds and ulcers.

Our observations.

P Stag blossoms in June-August, bears fruit in September-October. It grows like a weed in pastures, wastelands, along roads, near housing. In early spring, a plant growth appears, and flowering begins in mid-July, and at the same time the wormwood was plucked and dried for a herbarium.

Bitter grass And fragrant itself,

And the stomach is corrected, And it sweeps quickly.

Chickweed.

Description of appearance.

H our delicate flowers Suddenly, among insects

The petals are unfolding. There was a commotion:

The breeze breathes a little, Pushed back the family of asterisks

The petals sway. Giant thistle.

In the damp forest lower reaches, among the shady thickets and in the bushy meadow, these herbs are sure to be found. White five-petal corollas on thin, low stems, green small leaves resemble stars. Hence the name - starfish. In the people it is called wood lice. There are more than 50 types of them.

R asthenia is used for bleeding, hemorrhoids, vitamin deficiency, heart disease and hernias. Steamed grass is applied to sore joints, to pain points with radiculitis, rheumatism. The juice of the plant is washed with inflamed eyes. A decoction of the herb is used for aching bones and coughing. Woodlice are used for diseases of the liver and lungs, with endemic goiter and hemorrhoids. External baths from a strong decoction of the herb of wood lice are taken with swelling of the legs; general baths, lotions, compresses are done for various skin diseases, acne, rashes, wounds and ulcers. The whole fresh plant without roots is used for food, salads are prepared.

R asthenia is added to borscht, vinaigrettes. Woodlouse is considered both a medicinal plant and a honey plant. There are also simply annoying weeds, shamelessly squandering in the fields and in the garden.

Starworm is distributed throughout the country.

Cowberry.

Description of appearance.

Gathered berries Two berries in the mouth.

And we kept count of the many berries in the forest!

Berry - in a mug, I'll take them to my mother ...

In the autumn, crimson tassels burn on a moss carpet in the forest. This is lingonberry. Sometimes it's red all around. Cowberry is a small shrub, from 7 to 25 cm high. The leaves are leathery, curved at the edges, shiny, the size of a fingernail. At the top of the branches are located in early June, pale pink flowers, collected in small clusters. The berries ripen in the second half of summer, on an August day, with insufficient heat even in September. The area of ​​growth is quite large.

P lingonberry preparations act astringent, disinfectant and choleretic. The leaves and berries of lingonberries contain a lot of useful substances and are used in folk medicine for gastritis, diabetes, gout, rheumatism. An infusion of the leaves is drunk for inflammation of the kidneys and bladder. Cowberry berries are a valuable dietary product and remedy. Assign inside with sugar or honey, as well as dried or soaked. Dried berries are part of vitamin teas. Soaked, crushed and boiled lingonberries are served with various dishes with stew, food. Fruit drinks, jelly are good from lingonberries, they are also added when sauerkraut is sauerkraut.

Our observations.

Cowberry bears fruit abundantly in coniferous and coniferous-deciduous forests. The observation of the plant was carried out outside the village. IN medical purposes lingonberry leaves are used, which are harvested in the spring after the snow has melted and before flowering. The shrub blooms at the end of June, and by mid-July, collective flowering begins. At this time, the plant was plucked and dried for a herbarium. But then the flowering passed, and the fruits appeared, at first green, sour. By the end of August, the fruits ripen and become red - burgundy, juicy.

Valerian.

ABOUT appearance writing.

"Cat grass" - sick amendment:

Spine in the first aid kit to help the heart.

The most widely represented and of great importance is valerian pharmacy. This perennial has a vertical short rhizome, from which numerous thin roots depart. The root has a bitter taste that causes a burning sensation in the mouth. The stem is straight, full, furrowed. The flowers are white or white-pink, small, collected at the top of the stem in a lush panicle. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is bitter-sweet.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

Valerian rhizomes contain essential oil, esters of acetic, formic and butyric acids, sugar. Valerian preparations are used as a sedative for nervous excitement, insomnia, they relieve spasms of smooth muscle organs, dilate blood vessels in case of neurosis, angina pectoris, palpitations, spasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Valerian preparations increase blood clotting. Prolonged use of high doses causes headaches, anxiety and disrupts the function of the gastrointestinal tract. The use of valerian should be under the supervision of a physician.

V for medicinal purposes, various preparations of valerian are used: water infusion, alcohol tincture, in the form of tablets, coated with a hard shell. The plant was plucked on July 5, 2010.

Our observations.

The roots of plants are dug up in the fall, when the aerial part turns brown and pre-wilt on outdoors. The smell is strong, peculiar. The taste is sweet-bitter, spicy. Valerian blooms from mid-June to mid-August. The plant is found on wet and waterlogged soils: in damp meadows, in river valleys.

Kalina.

ABOUT appearance writing.

As if snowball white, and when the time has come,

In the spring she bloomed, she became at once

A gentle smell exuded, All of the berries are red.

Kalina is one of the most beloved berries from Siberians. About 80 species of viburnum are found in our country. It is a shrub up to 4 meters tall with grayish-brown bark. The flowers are white, located at the ends of the branches. From time immemorial, viburnum has regularly served a person - it gave food and medicine, and was used in everyday life. Fruit juice with honey is drunk with high blood pressure blood, it is also used as a prophylactic, prevents the appearance of a malignant tumor. Kalina helps with colds of the upper respiratory tract, including coughing, hoarseness and bronchial asthma.

WITH Fresh fruits weaken and help with headaches. An infusion of berries is drunk with peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, with pain in the heart, metabolic disorders, with eczema and skin ulcers. Viburnum berries have been studied by pharmacologists who have found that they reduce the heartbeat and are considered a vitamin, tonic and diuretic. In medicine, preparations from the bark of viburnum are used as a good hemostatic agent. An infusion of flowers is drunk for hoarseness and cough, inflammation of the respiratory tract, as well as for cholelithiasis and kidney stones. A decoction of young shoots is used for scrofula in children. An infusion of flowers and fruits is an excellent cosmetic product.

H your observations.

Observation of viburnum was carried out both at the school site and at a private personal plot. Kalina bloomed much later than usual, as it was late spring. The flowering of the shrub was plentiful. The primrose appeared in mid-June, and the berries appeared in mid-July. By mid-August, the fruits have acquired an orange color. During the flowering period, leaves and flowers were taken to the herbarium and dried according to all the rules.
Currant.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Was green, small,

Then I became scarlet.

I turned black in the sun.

And now I'm ripe.

On a hot summer day, blackcurrants smell fragrant on the bank of the stream. Numerous brushes of black fruits, juicy, fragrant, hang down. The smell is far away. Fishermen, hunters, tourists are drawn to currants. Who will pick berries, who will throw in a wonderful drink - forest tea - a fragrant currant leaf. There are 36 species in our country, but the most valuable is black currant.

h black currant shrub up to 1.5 meters tall, with brownish branches and very fragrant leaves.

Application in scientific and traditional medicine.

Rich chemical composition fruits determines their beneficial effect on the human body in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases. In medicine, fresh currant fruits or their juice are taken for beriberi, and also as a tonic after chronic diseases. The people are used in the treatment of hypertension, severe headache, kidney - and urolithiasis, tuberculosis of the lymph glands, anemia and other ailments. Currant berries are widely used for fresh food, they are used to prepare juice, compote, fruit drink, jam, jam, marinades.

H your observations.

The observation of the plant was carried out on a private plot of household plots. This bush is cultivated by man. The first leaves on the currant appeared in mid-May. Flowering was plentiful, reached in the last days of June. Fruit picking was carried out in early August, in the period of their full maturity. It grows along the banks of rivers and streams, in wet meadows and on the banks of lakes and oxbow lakes, among willow and viburnum bushes. For the herbarium, the plant was taken on June 25, 2010, in dry, clear, sunny weather.

Horsetail.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Chamomile grows in the meadow

Buttercup is caustic, clover is porridge!

What else? carnation, resin,

Bluebell, horsetail - like a Christmas tree.

A magnificent sight is the green cover of horsetails in the forest. Their thin, graceful, often drooping or upward directed branches, covered with dew drops, sparkling in the sun with a multi-colored rainbow, are unusually picturesque. Folk names field pine, pusher. The horsetail has 2 shoots, up to 20 cm high. The rhizomes of the horsetail are horizontal. This plant looks like a ponytail. The old Russian names "horse", "horse", "horse", "horse" also mean "tail".

AND

The grass contains many useful substances and vitamins. It has a hemostatic effect, removes salts, has an astringent, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing effect, is part of a diuretic tea. In case of kidney diseases, the infusion is used together with a liquid extract of a shepherd's purse, in addition, a horsetail drug is prescribed as a strong diuretic for edema and congestion, especially for patients with heart disease, for lung diseases, pleurisy, gout, rheumatism, kidney - and cholelithiasis. Outwardly, with a decoction of horsetail, wounds and ulcers are washed, and the oral cavity is rinsed in case of inflammatory processes. In dental practice, an infusion of the plant's herb is used, which is used to rinse the mouth with periodontal disease.

H your observations.

The plant was observed in a forest clearing near the village. The first shoots appeared in early June. Horsetail grows on sandy slopes, cliffs, shallows. In dry weather from July to September, only summer green branched stems are harvested. There is no smell. The taste is slightly sour. Horsetail is distributed throughout the country in the plains and mountains. The plant was cut on June 30, 2010 at 12 noon, in sunny warm weather.

Marsh marigold.

Description of appearance.

Flowers disappear on the ground, Revelation of meadow flowers.

This is more noticeable every year. We hardly understood.

Less joy and beauty, we carelessly trampled them

Leaves us every summer. And madly, ruthlessly tore

Marsh marigold is a common perennial plant with a creeping stem and a fibrous stem. The stem is smooth, hollow, slightly branched. The leaves are dark green, heart-shaped. The flowers are bright yellow.

AND use in folk and scientific medicine.

For cooking medicines the whole plant harvested during the flowering period is used. The marigold, like all buttercups, is poisonous. Taking it orally causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, and when used externally, it irritates the skin and mucous membranes. However, marigold preparations are used in scientific and folk medicine. Decoctions and infusions are taken orally in case of metabolic disorders, fever, colds, anemia, antitumor. The juice of fresh leaves is used as a wound healing, the leaves are applied to burnt places. Sometimes the infusion is taken as an analgesic and cold remedy. It is impossible to use marigold on its own.

H your observation.

Observation of marigold was carried out in a small swampy area, near the village. The flowering of the plant began in early June, which is much later than usual. This is due to the fact that it was a long spring. Abundant flowering began in the third decade of June and lasted until early July. The plant was plucked on June 23 at 12 noon. Kaluga is found in wet and swampy forests and meadows, shallow waters and banks of reservoirs.

Tansy.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Many herbs grow useful

On the land of the native country.

Can cope with illness

Mint, tansy, St. John's wort.

The people call tansy wild rowan. This is a perennial plant. The leaves of tansy resemble mountain ash, the stem is lignified with yellow-golden flower baskets. The fruit is an oblong achene. Tansy has a peculiar smell, reminiscent of camphor. The taste is bitter-spicy.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

For medical purposes, tansy flower baskets are used. Tansy preparations have an antiseptic, antispasmodic choleretic effect. Their beneficial effect on the body in acute intestinal diseases, liver disease, gallbladder, in the treatment of lambiosis, hepatitis, and also improves appetite, digestion. Infusions and decoctions of inflorescences have an antihelminthic effect. Dry extract is used for hypertension. In folk medicine, tansy is used for jaundice, as an antipyretic, and for peptic ulcer. In folk phototherapy, tansy is used for cardiovascular and nervous diseases (for headaches, as a sedative and hypnotic, for hysteria, for noise in the head, for epilepsy, dropsy, palpitations.

H your observations.

The plant was observed at the school site. The first leaves appeared in mid-May. Tansy leaves grow quite quickly. In early July, the plant began to pick up buds, which bloomed in the second decade of July and bloomed until mid-August, forming a fruit in the form of an oblong achene. The plant was cut on June 22 at 12 noon. The weather was cloudy, the air temperature was +17 degrees. Tansy grows along forest edges, clearings, meadows, near dwellings. It is found everywhere in Russia.
Plantain.

ABOUT appearance writing.

Plantain is a tested orderly,

Healer of the feet, wounded on the way, -

Got to the road, got ready

Maybe he thinks who needs me.

This plant has a surprisingly accurate name: along the road there are wide ovoid leaves spread on the ground. They are collected in a rosette, from the center of which a leafless stem grows with a spike-shaped inflorescence of small brownish flowers. Fruits - greenish nuts 1-2 mm in size - secrete a sticky substance that allows them to stick to the clothes and shoes of people passing by or to the fur of animals.

AND use in scientific and folk medicine.

The healing effect of plantain leaves has been known for thousands of years. The gruel from the leaves is applied to scuffs on the legs, to wounds, abscesses, burns, swelling after stings of bees and wasps. Infusion and decoction of the leaves are recommended as an expectorant, but are successfully used in the treatment of stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and chronic gastritis with low acidity. A decoction of the leaves will rinse the mouth with inflammation. The juice of fresh leaves also enhances the secret activity of the stomach, and the extract has a calming effect. Appreciated him and healers Ancient Greece and Rome. Plantain is also appreciated in cosmetics. It improves the processes of skin regeneration, improves its tone, relieves inflammation. Plantain is of great importance in diet food. It is also part of various fees.

H your observations.

The plant was observed along the roads of the village. The first leaves appeared in the last days of May. At the end of June, flower arrows appeared. It blooms throughout the summer. Fruited in August. The plant was plucked from the herbarium on June 23, 2010. The day was cloudy, the air temperature was 15 degrees. Plantain grows in the village and along the roads, and near housing. There are more than two hundred species of plantain. About thirty species grow in our country.

Buttercup.

ABOUT appearance writing.

poisonous plant with bright yellow flowers, popularly nicknamed "night blindness". The people have long noticed this quality of the flower and called it "buttercup". In the first half of summer, now and then catch the eye of oily - yellow flowers on thin straight stems. Buttercup is a perennial herbaceous plant with fibrous roots and a branched stem up to 70 cm high.

AND use in folk and scientific medicine.

In folk medicine, dry and fresh grass is used, which contains: carotene, ascorbic acid, anemonol. All buttercups are poisonous. Buttercup decoction is used for myositis, neuralgic and headaches, edema, gout and rheumatism, as a tonic nervous system and increasing blood pressure. Outwardly - for the treatment of wounds, burns, skin diseases. Fresh leaves reduce warts. Buttercup preparations, and especially inside, cannot be used without consulting a doctor. Especially poisonous during flowering. In the old days, buttercup juice was rubbed against aching legs, and the decoction was used instead of mustard plasters.

H your observations.

In the first half of summer, oily yellow flowers on thin straight stems catch the eye every now and then. They are found everywhere: along roads, in gardens, on forest paths. These are buttercups. They bloomed in early summer, June 10th. The plant was plucked from the herbarium on June 20 at 12 noon. It was a clear sunny day, 22 degrees Celsius. The plant grew in the schoolyard. The plant is distributed almost throughout Russia.

References.

N.S. Evseeva, L. N. Okisheva. Geography of the Tomsk region. Nature, natural resources. Tomsk - 2005. No. 3.

Rudsky V.G. Ecology. The world around us. 1.3 class. Tomsk - 1998.

V.S. Novikov, I.A. Gubanov. "School Atlas - a guide to higher plants." Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991. No. 3.

L.I. Barinov. Forest pharmacy. In the world of medicinal herbs. Kharkov - 1991.

G. Sviridov. Forest garden. Tomsk - 1987.

V.V. Petrov. Vegetable world our motherland. Moscow "Enlightenment" 1991.

A.A. Camp. Green pharmacy. Medicinal plants of Siberia. Tomsk - 1991.

MOU "Ostashevskaya secondary school"

Class hour on the topic:

"Medicinal plants
native land",
dedicated to the 535th anniversary
the village of Ostasheva

Prepared by: primary school teacher
Stadnikova Valentina Ivanovna

With. Ostashevo
2012
Ostashevo is an emerald and fabulous land.
Class hour: "Medicinal plants of the native land"

Objectives: development of elements of the scientific worldview,
-general outlook, internal culture and cognitive activity of students;
- to form the concept of "medicinal plants", to learn to recognize
local medicinal plants;
- educate love for the native land, for its nature.
Equipment: herbarium: "Medicinal plants of the native land", slides, illustrations of medicinal herbs, children's drawings, fairy tales composed by children.
Leading. In September 2012, our village Ostashevo turns 535 years old.
The village is notable for the names of its former owners. First - these are the princes Urusovs, then - the Muravyovs, and then the prince K. Romanov. Uncle of the last Emperor Nicholas
·
President of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
the talented poet Konstantin Romanov loved his Ostashevo very much:
(Slides 1 and 2).
I love you, secluded shelter!
An old house on a quiet river.
And white - pink, reflected in it
Opposite the village temple over the steepness
Our village is rich and beautiful with forests, fields, rivers. And how many amazing plants grow everywhere! But they not only attract us with their appearance, but they are healers, help humans and animals fight numerous diseases. (Slides 3,4)
Today at the classroom hour we will summarize the research work we have done on the topic: “Medicinal plants”. Start of this
work was given in September, the finish will be in May. During this time, we went on excursions in order to identify the growth of medicinal plants, the degree of dustiness of plants. We collected and dried medicinal plants, followed by the manufacture of a herbarium. We studied the literature about the forest pharmacy, wrote short messages about plants, essays, fairy tales, puzzles and crossword puzzles were invented. So let's start.
1 student.
Medicinal plants are a group of plants used for the treatment of human and animal diseases, as well as for the prevention (prevention) of diseases.
2-student.
Substances that have medicinal effect can be found in any plant organ: leaves (coltsfoot), stems and bark (oak, sea buckthorn), buds (birch, pine), roots (valerian), and of course, in flowers, fruits and seeds.
3 student.
Medicinal plants have been used by man for a very long time: in India, in Ancient Egypt, China healing herbs used another 5 - 6 thousand years ago
Some medicinal plants - herbs (St. John's wort, lily of the valley, clover),
others are shrubs (raspberries, elderberries), others are trees (birch, pine, oak)
The music of Grieg's "Procession of the Dwarves" sounds. Lesovik appears. (Student dressed as Lesovik)
Lesovik.
The forest is like a fairytale kingdom:
Medicines are growing all around.
In every grass, in every branch,
And medicine and pills.
Well, what, how, what to treat,
I can teach you.
Just don't be lazy
You just need to learn
Find plants in the forest that are suitable for treatment.
Medicinal properties of various plants.
Leading. This plant is a doctor familiar to everyone since childhood. When the guys have abrasions on their elbows or knees, we immediately look for this plant.
Question: What plant will help us in the campaign when injured? (Slide 5).
Plantain. (Slide 6)
The traveler's friend is a plantain,
Modest, inconspicuous sheet
You're on a cut finger
I lay down with a wet patch.
Many of you are unaware
What found the cure
Right there, on the trail, at your feet.
Question: What plant can stop bleeding? (Slide 7).
Yarrow. (Slide 8)
Gather yarrow in bloom,
Accelerate wound healing -
And the crushed stalk
And decoction inside the sip
Calms the blood flow.
Question: What plant can replace cotton wool? (Slide 9).

Moss. (Slide 10).
Between cranberries and cloudberries
Inhabitant of forest swamps,
On a hummock, moss without a leg,
Wherever you look, it grows.
He is grayish underneath.
More greens.
Kohl will need cotton wool
Get him fast
On the bushes of the meadow
Dried out in the summer heat.
He wounds the partisans
Treated in the wilderness of the forest.
This is sphagnum moss.
Question: What plant helps with colds? (Slide 11).
Linden. (Slide 12)
Linden - a remedy for colds
Everyone knows about it everywhere.
Though the linden color is plain,
But healthier than tea No.
Q: What is the cure for cough? high temperature? (Slide 13).
Pharmaceutical camomile. (Slide 14)
If you happen to catch a cold
Cough will be attached
The heat will rise
Pull the mug towards you
in which it smokes
Slightly bitter fragrant decoction.
Student: And freckles bother me!

Strawberry. (Slide 15)
Everyone knows strawberry
And viburnum too.
You smear this juice
Freckled skin.

Performance of the Russian folk song "The birch, the mountain ash." (Slide 16).
Student. Our Russian beauties, slender white birches are known all over the world. There is no tree dearer and dearer than birch! The feelings that it evokes are in tune with the generous, sympathetic and kind soul of a Russian person. Birch is a symbol of the Motherland.
Birch. (A student in a birch costume). Russian doctors more than 100 years ago established the diuretic effect of birch buds.
For many centuries the birch has served faithfully, benefiting not only the soul,
but also the body. This is the famous birch broom in the bath, and tar, one spoon of which spoils a barrel of honey, but heals skin diseases, wounds, ulcers,
burns (Vishnevsky's ointment).
A pine appears. (Student in a pine costume)
Pine.
I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.
Very straight I grow
In height.
If I'm not on the edge,
Branches - only at the top.
Who am I guys? What do you know about me? (Slide 17).
1 - student. A decoction of pine buds is recommended as an expectorant, disinfectant and diuretic; coniferous baths as a tonic and sedative. "Pine is a fragrant healer."
2 - student. In the difficult days of the siege of Leningrad, a mass
the production of a fortified drink from pine needles, which saved many lives!
The poem "Grandma's Pharmacy" - staging.
- I'll go to the pharmacy.
-Where are you on foot?
-Over the river, grandson, over the river,
Birch bridge.
There is a cheese field
Not visible from here.
Me, granddaughters, valerian
Need a heart
Come, my dear, with me,
Help the old woman
And treat the disease with grass
Learn, look.
You will find Kalgan in the field,
Oregano for tea
All herbs in the field will-
Come with me, honey!
Leading. Look around you when you are in the forest in the summer
or at the cottage.
Blooming Sally. Have you ever seen such (Slide 18) pink forest glades? From such glades comes the smell of honey. It blooms from June to August ivan - tea (fireweed). This plant is very useful! The rhizome is sweet and eaten raw and boiled. Young leaves are put into a salad, and a delicious tea is brewed from the dried ones.
Lesovik. And here is the riddle from the box.
golden and young
Became gray in a week
And two days later
Bald head
I'll hide it in my pocket
Former (Dandelion). (Slide 19).
Dandelion. (Student in a dandelion costume). Folk wisdom has long attributed to a decoction of dandelion leaves the ability to give strength and vigor, relieve fatigue. And the infusion and preparations from its roots are used to treat liver and gallbladder diseases. The juice of young leaves removes freckles and dark spots on the skin.
Belka appears. (A student in a squirrel costume).
Hello guys! I'm glad to see you!
After all, I have a lot of questions
Head hurt.
You sort out the questions
And tell me the answers.
Leading. Let's help Belka answer questions. Find me game
Participants are given air balloons. It is necessary to get a note from the ball, answer question asked and find the answer in the "glade".
1What is the herb that the blind know? (Nettle)
2. Very hot. I took and tore off the umbrella.
And under a green umbrella, she went into the forest for berries. (Burdock)
3. Nobody scares, but everything trembles. (Aspen)
4. It is bitter in haymaking, and sweet in frost. What is a berry? (Rowan).
5. You will find these berries in a large forest swamp.
As if red peas are sketched there. (Cranberry)
6. The head is blue
And a long stem
Well, who doesn't know him? This is (Cornflower).
7 Medicinal plant, named for the shape of the fruit, similar to a shoulder bag. (Shepherd's bag).
8. In some places there is still snow, and where the sun warms, on the outskirts of fields, along the banks of ravines and rivers, golden heads appear in early April
this plant. (Coltsfoot).
Host: What rules for collecting medicinal plants do you know?
(Slides 20-25).
Collect plants in the forest, in the field, in the meadow, but not along major highways, not near industrial enterprises, farms.
Part of the plants to leave for their reproduction.
Leaves and flowers are collected most often before and during the flowering of plants, i.e. In spring and summer.
Roots and rhizomes - in early spring, autumn.
Koru in April-May.
Medicinal plants are harvested in the morning, as soon as the dew comes down, because during the day, in the bright sun, the amount of useful substances decreases.
13 SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 1415 Dry the medicinal material in the shade, in the air.
Lesovik. And here is a cheerful clearing, the guys prepared funny ditties.
Funny ditties.
1.I natural material
collected in the summer
And now our apartment
Became a hayloft!
2. We don’t get sick with the flu anymore,
We are not afraid of drafts.
All tablets are replaced
We have a head of garlic!

3. I always catch myself
Admiration eyes!
Beauty to me and health
Giving tomatoes.
4. I got the secret of blush
At the great-grandmother Fyokla -
Best of all rouge overseas
Juice from our beets!

5. In summer, each clearing,
Like a tablecloth.
Delicious wild berry
At times feed us with you.
6. All clearings and bushes
We climbed in the forest.
Vitamins all there is
We stocked up for the winter.
Lesovik. You guys should remember:
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed
We will be alone on the planet.
Host: So our class hour is over. Many useful medicinal plants grow in the forests, in the fields, in the meadows of our region.
Let's carefully and attentively treat not only those plants that are listed in the Red Book, but also those that surround us everywhere.
The class ended with a tea party with fragrant herbs and honey.

1.A.A. Pleshakov. Atlas - determinant "From the earth to the sky"//
Moscow, Enlightenment, 2007.
2. E.A. Postnikova "Fundamentals of natural science and agricultural knowledge" // Moscow, "Vlados", 2001.
3. S. Aliyeva "Forest Pharmacy" // Yoshkar-Ola, 1999.
4.N.I. Panfilova, V.V. Sadovnikov "35 Saturdays plus holidays"//
Moscow, "New school", 2001.
5. I. D. Ageeva "500 new children's ditties" // Moscow, "Sfera Shopping Center", 2001
6. O. Zhurba "Travnik" // Moscow "Arnadia", 1998.
7.A.Yu.Nesterovskaya, T.D. Rendyuk "Healing plants of your star" // Moscow "Armada", 1995.
8. Internet - resources.

Ostashevskaya secondary school. Stadnikova V.I.

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Attached files

The world around The test "Plants of the native land" Grade 3 1. Which plant has fruits equipped with hooks and trailers? A). burdock b). goose onion c). sleep grass d). mother - and - stepmother 2. This shrub is often found in our spruce forests. It is often transplanted from the forest to city parks and squares for its beauty: the leaves are oval, arranged oppositely on dark gray branches, bright green above, and pale green below. When it blooms, it seems that the whole bush is strewn with stars. A). blueberries b. blueberries c. honeysuckle d). barberry 3. Guess the riddle about the most common tree in our region: The Green Beauty is famous in the area. Sundress like a bell, On the ground and dragged. A cap - with an edge, With a sharp crown. A). pine b). larch c. birch d. spruce 4. amazing plant spruce forest. It could be called a flower - a seven-flower. A). blueberries b. miner c). weekday d). oxalis 5. This delicate herbaceous plant of the spruce forest does not tolerate harsh light, blows, loud screams. Blooms in May - June. And when it fades, in place of the flowers, fruits are formed - boxes, and in them are very small, almost like dust particles, seeds.

A). sour b). weekday c). miner d). blueberry 6. A plant with dark green leaves is shaped like a hoof. A). anemone b).hoof c). lungwort d). goose onion 7. Guess the riddle about the plant listed in the Red Book. We smell the freshness of the forest Brings in late spring A fragrant, delicate flower From a snow-white brush. A). bathing suit b. primrose c). lily of the valley d). oxalis 8. This plant is never green, most often grayish-white, grayish-greenish, and sometimes yellow. Grows very slowly. This plant has no stems, leaves, roots. A). cat paws b. heather c). thyme d. lichen 9. This plant is also called backache. Its flowers are very beautiful. Each plant has only one - a large bright lilac bell with bright yellow stamens. The flower appears before the leaves. A). cat paws b. thyme c). sleep grass d). lichen 10. This plant looks the most ordinary, but if you touch it, it’s such a miracle: one side of the leaves is warm and covered with soft fluff, and the other is smooth and therefore cold. A). cat paws b. goose onion c). sleep grass

G). mother - and - stepmother 11. Where there is a lot of this plant, from a distance it seems that curly, in large curls, skin lies on the ground. Hence the other name - rams. A). primrose b). goose onion c). sleep grass d). mother - and - stepmother 12. Guess the riddle about the most common plant of the region: Slender beauty is famous in all countries: White clothes, Gold - earrings, With a braided scythe Washed with dew. The wind stirs the strands - It does not order to braid them. A). maple b). birch c. willow d). aspen 13. Evergreen shrub. A). blueberries b. cranberries c). honeysuckle d). blueberry 14. This plant is beautiful, but poisonous. A). goose onion b). bathing suit c. lily of the valley d). lungwort Keys to the test: 1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 c, 5 - a, 6 - b, 7 - c, 8 - d, 9 - c, 10 - d, 11 - a, 12 – b, 13 – b, 14 – b.

Research topic: Medicinal plants of the native land Object area: Medicine Object of study: Medicinal plants growing in the Kaliningrad region. Subject of study: The value of medicinal plants for a healthy lifestyle. Problem In our industrial age, with the strongest pollution environment It's just impossible to stay perfectly healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole "bouquet" of diseases. Often, medicine is powerless, so medicinal plants can come to the rescue. Knowledge in this area was not enough, and we decided to replenish it by exploring the medicinal plants of our region.

Relevance and novelty This topic Now it is very relevant, since the disease is easier to prevent than later, tormented by trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us. Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” foresaw everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Hypothesis If you study different types medicinal plants, learn how to harvest and use them correctly, you can prevent and cure many diseases and look great without the use of chemical pills.

Purpose of work: Collecting the necessary information about the benefits of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases. Tasks: 1) Development of the ability to work with additional literature. 2) Acquaintance with the history of medicinal plants, with their correct preparation. 3) Determining the role of medicinal plants in our area in a healthy lifestyle. 4) Raising interest in a healthy lifestyle. Research methods The study and use of encyclopedias, scientific publications, dictionaries, the method of comparison, comparison. Practical significance: every student can open a job and find the right medicinal plant for various diseases and how to treat them at home.

In Rus', leaves, bark, flowers of plants have been used for the treatment of many diseases since ancient times. Under Tsar Ivan the Terrible, pharmaceutical huts were opened in Rus', and medicinal plants were brought from different countries worth its weight in gold, he ordered that medicinal plants be supplied not only to the royal court, but also to the army.

Rules for the collection of medicinal plants. Plants are harvested in dry weather, when the dew has already disappeared. It is necessary to ensure that there is no dust and dirt on the plants. You can not collect medicinal plants along the roads, on the streets of cities, in squares. These plants accumulate harmful substances that are thrown into the air by cars. The flowers are harvested at the beginning of flowering; leaves - before flowering or at the beginning of it; roots and rhizomes - in spring and autumn; bark - in the spring, at the beginning of sap flow, when it separates well.

Black elderberry Raspberry a In folk medicine, raspberry fruits are considered an antipyretic for influenza, bronchitis, laryngitis, expectorant when coughing. In folk medicine, a decoction prepared from the flowers and fruits of black elderberry is used as an antipyretic, diaphoretic, diuretic.

Nettle In folk medicine, nettle is used as a wound healing, diuretic, tonic, laxative, vitamin, expectorant. It is used for various bleeding, heart disease, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, allergies. Outwardly - for wounds, bleeding, skin diseases, to strengthen hair.

Conclusion In our industrial age, with the strongest environmental pollution, it is simply impossible to remain absolutely healthy. We are constantly under the threat of getting a whole "bouquet" of diseases. Often medicine is powerless. But why do we forget that we have thousands of years of experience of our ancestors behind us, who for centuries have been putting recipes for the treatment of various ailments into the treasury of traditional medicine. The disease is easier to prevent than later, tormented by trying to get rid of it. Isn't it easier now to just look around and see what nature gives us. Our kind and all-powerful doctor “nature” foresaw everything and prepared everything, you just need to take this medicine and use it, but not everyone knows about this medicine. Therefore, we studied the medicinal plants of our area, their action and use.

Literature. D. Tkach "Home doctor" V.V. Petrov "The plant world of our Motherland" A.F. Hammerman "Healing plants". Moscow, 1986. "Medicinal plants and their use." Vladivostok. MP "Exlibris", 1992. Encyclopedia of the nature of Russia. Reference edition. ABF Publishing House. Moscow. V.I.Dal "Explanatory Dictionary"

Phenomena in plant life come when the long snowy winter ends. This period is the brightest and most beautiful in nature. Swollen buds on trees and shrubs turn into young leaves. Interestingly, trees and shrubs of some species bloom even before the leaves of plants bloom.
In the temperate climate zone, alder and hazel blossom in early spring (already in early April). They have both staminate and pistillate flowers located in different inflorescences, but on the same plant. These plants are combined into a group of monoecious. Cross-pollination is carried out by means of the wind, when the leaves on the trees and shrubs have not yet blossomed. Due to this, there are no obstacles for the transfer of pollen from staminate flowers to pistillate stigmas.

Another phenomenon in plant life- this is when at the end of April in middle lane Various willows bloom in the forests of Russia. They have beautiful flowers yellow color with a strong pleasant smell. These staminate inflorescences are found on some plants of this species. And pistillate light green flowers on other specimens of the same species of willow. These plants are dioecious because they have pistillate and staminate flowers on the same plant. In this case, pollination is carried out with the help of insects. All day long, bees and bumblebees fly near the willow catkins, accumulating sweet nectar and at the same time pollinating the pistillate flowers with pollen from the stamens. At this time, the bees make the first collection, so the beekeepers set up beehives from the omshannik.
Among herbaceous plants coltsfoot blooms first of all on the banks of rivers, on cliffs and steep slopes. The inflorescences of this plant are baskets similar to dandelion inflorescences, but smaller. Almost from under the snow grow coltsfoot stems with inflorescences located on them. Also, brown scales are noticeable on the stems - underdeveloped leaves. Some time after the fruits ripen and disperse, the early shoots of the coltsfoot die, and they are replaced by shoots with large leaves, which have a smooth structure on top and are covered with thick white hairs below.
Try to apply alternately the lower and upper sides of the sheet to the skin, in the first case you will feel warm, and in the second - cold. This explains why people have called this plant coltsfoot since ancient times. In summer, organic matter is formed in the leaves of the plant. Their stocks are stored in long and large rhizomes. Thanks to these deposits, flower shoots are formed the next year in March.
Most spring plants flowers appear before the leaves on the trees. These plants accumulate organic matter in the underground parts - bulbs, rhizomes, tubers. Such reserves are necessary for the formation of flowers, fruits and seeds. Plants that bloom in spring include anemone, lungwort, lily of the valley (these are plants with rhizomes), buttercup buttercup, corydalis (form tubers), goose onion, tulip (bulbous plants).
Often among plants that bloom in early spring, there are specimens with a short period of life. For example, the common chistyak appears in March on moist soil among shrubs. When the snow melts in April, the chistyak leaves and green flowers bloom. And already in May, the above-ground organs of the plant wither and die. Only remain alive underground plant organs. These are nodules, which are a transformed root system with accumulated organic matter. In addition, nodules that appear in the leaf axils on the stem fall into the soil. Such nodules are in a “sleeping” state all summer, and germinate in autumn. Sprouted tubers remain under snow cover in winter. And next year, in the spring, again, above-ground shoots grow rapidly and flowers and leaves appear. These are the phenomena in the life of our beautiful plants.