Beautiful but deadly flowers. Presentation on the topic "the most poisonous indoor plants" This is both a medicinal and a poisonous plant

Perennial herbaceous plant. Beautiful flowers since ancient times attracted attention with their valuable medicinal properties. In September, red-orange, like peas, berries appear on the arrow instead of flowers. At this time, lily of the valley berries are eaten in large quantities by some predators to expel intestinal parasites. The entire lily of the valley plant and berries are highly poisonous.

This - tall grasses with whole leaves bearing large teeth along the edges. The flowers are large, funnel folded corolla white. The box is studded with thorns. It grows mainly in damp places. The whole plant is highly poisonous, especially the seeds. It has a pronounced unpleasant odor.

Belladonna is a perennial nightshade plant. Grows up to two meters in height. Toxic substances in belladonna are found not only in black or yellow berries, but also in its stem, leaves and flowers. What makes belladonna dangerous is the fact that it grows throughout the summer and until late autumn. Belladonna berries have a sweet enough taste that attracts children. A purple flowers resemble bells. With belladonna poisoning, a feeling of dryness in the mouth appears, which makes it difficult to speak and swallow, the heart begins to pound, and flies flash before the eyes.

All parts of the plant are poisonous. IN traditional medicine henbane is used as an analgesic for inflammation, dislocations, joint pain, etc. Seed ointment is used externally for tuberculosis of the bones. An infusion of henbane is used for boils at the beginning of their appearance, and rubbed with ointment for colds, coughs, pleurisy.

Elderberry leaves, flowers, immature fruits are poisonous. The main symptoms of poisoning are dizziness, headache, weakness, sore throat, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Preparations from the flowers of black elderberry have a diaphoretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, disinfectant effect. They are used in the form of infusions, vapors, decoctions; for colds, flu, diseases of the upper respiratory tract, kidneys and Bladder, for rinsing the mouth.

All parts of the milestone, when rubbed between the fingers, emit a specific unpleasant odor. The plant is poisonous in any form. Especially poisonous is the sweet stem and the sweetish, with a pleasant smell (reminiscent of the smell of dried apples) rhizome. The rhizome of the milestone is mistaken for a turnip. If you eat it, then in minutes there is malaise, salivation, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and then convulsive seizures, against which respiratory and cardiac arrest is possible. Milestone grows in damp, swampy places. The outward resemblance to carrots and the pronounced carrot smell of the underground part led to tragic poisoning of children.

The plant is very poisonous. The juice of the plant irritates the human skin, up to the formation of blisters. And even a small amount of berry pulp is enough to cause a severe disorder. gastrointestinal tract. Don't be fooled by the fact that the berries are eaten by birds. For birds, unlike other warm-blooded ones, the crow is not dangerous.

A few minutes after entering the body, vomiting begins, prolonged and indomitable. With hemlock - vomiting is rare and short. salivation, colic in the abdomen. Then there is dizziness, unsteady gait, foam at the mouth. The pupils are dilated, convulsions are replaced by paralysis and death. Half an hour later - burning sensation in the mouth, salivation, redness of the skin, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils and, later, cyanosis of the skin. Muscle spasms and convulsions with respiratory failure, then loss of consciousness and death, often within 1..2 hours after poisoning.

Contains the deadly poison oleanine. All operations, whether pruning, cuttings or transplanting, should be carried out with gloves very carefully - the plant is very poisonous, especially the milky juice and seeds. At the end of work, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water. Keep children away from the plant!

A poisonous plant, it contains cardiac glycosides, it is they that give a toxic effect in large doses. But even the famous Paracelsus said that “everything in nature is poison, nothing is devoid of poison, but the matter is only in doses”. Even snake venom in microdoses is considered a therapeutic agent, at the same time, ordinary table salt in large doses leads to serious disturbances in the body's vital functions. It's only a matter of doses

Help with poisoning by poisonous plants Rinse the stomach - let the patient drink 5-6 glasses of water or milk in a row. Then, irritating the root of the tongue or the back of the throat with a finger or a teaspoon, induce vomiting, this procedure can be repeated 3-5 times. Put the patient to bed. Apply warm heating pads to your arms and legs. Continuously give him a warm drink, and with a sharp weakness - strong tea. If there is no liquid stool, only in the first hours after poisoning, the patient can be given a mild laxative (one tablespoon of vaseline or castor oil). For people prone to hypotension, give a laxative in small doses to avoid a sharp drop in blood pressure due to a large loss of body fluid. Call a doctor.

Materials UTF-8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&biw=1024&bih=578 And other Internet sites. The presentation was published on the website - viki.rdf.ru Prepared by the teacher primary school specialized gymnasium 8 named after. Y. Gagarin, Talgar Semyonova Elena Vasilievna

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dieffenbachia

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Dieffenbachia is a beautiful houseplant with large spotted leaves. Its height can exceed two meters. The juice contained in all parts of Dieffenbachia is poisonous. Getting on the skin or mucous membrane of a person, it causes severe burns.

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Adenium obese

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Adenium obesum, or desert rose, is a "bottle" plant with a thick stem at the base. This plant is poisonous. Its juice is able to penetrate the skin or mucous membranes into the bloodstream and cause intoxication. Some African tribes use adenium poison in hunting, impregnating arrowheads with it. Also from it create drugs against arrhythmias.

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ficus

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Ficuses are popular ornamental plants. Hazardous substances are contained in the stems and leaves of this plant. Ficus juice can cause irritation, redness of the skin, in some cases blisters may appear, and allergic reactions are possible.

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Spurge

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Euphorbia - the milky juice of this plant, protruding from the damaged parts, is quite dangerous. It causes severe burning, redness of the skin, and possible blistering. Once in the eyes, milkweed juice provokes a serious inflammation of the conjunctiva and temporary blindness. Poison that enters the body through oral cavity causes vomiting, severe diarrhea, abdominal pain. With severe poisoning, dizziness, convulsions, delirium, and circulatory disorders are possible.

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Hydrangea

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Hydrangea is a beautiful indoor plant that requires special care. All parts of this plant contain poison. Touching the hydrangea is completely safe, the danger arises when parts of the hydrangea or its juice penetrate into the human body, for example, when swallowed. In this case, sweating increases, blood circulation becomes difficult, the victim feels pain in the stomach, itching, nausea, muscle weakness.

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Gloriosa luxury

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Gloriosa deluxe is a dangerous plant only if its poison, contained in all its parts, enters large quantities into the human body. Gloriosa venom causes severe nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, in severe cases, hair loss, bleeding disorders, and there is a high probability of kidney damage.

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Brovallia is beautiful

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Brovallia beautiful is named so for a reason, but its graceful stems, interesting leaves, beautiful modest flowers and other parts contain a dangerous substance. Browllia juice, once on unprotected human skin, causes intoxication.

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Clivia

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Clivia is beautiful when it blooms. Its bright luxurious buds open almost simultaneously, creating a bright "bouquet". But with careless handling of leaves or rhizome, this beautiful plant can do harm. Clivia venom causes vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, and sometimes paralysis.

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Purpose: to introduce children to dangerous summer plants and warn them about the consequences of contact with these plants. Tasks: collect information about poisonous plants; using various sources, determine the degree of danger of plants and first aid measures.

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Poisonous plants are plants that produce and accumulate poisons in the process of life, causing poisoning of animals and humans. More than 10 thousand species of such plants are known in the world flora. Many plant poisons in small doses are valuable remedies. Poisonous plants - even if unwitting "offenders" are better known by sight. Let's look at the most common and most dangerous poisonous plants that grow on our summer cottages, near roads and in the forest, along the banks of reservoirs.

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nightshade sweet - bitter cow parsnip ordinary milestone poisonous castor bean wrestler, he is aconite dope raven eye black henbane Attention! They need to know in person

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Furanocoumarins in the juice of the plant "attract" ultraviolet light. Children cut the stems to make pipes, touch the milky juice and get severe burns. A drop of juice on the skin leads to sunburn on the skin of the II degree (blisters), respiratory allergen. Rinse skin thoroughly with water. Hogweed (Heracleym sphondylium) Perennial with a powerful hollow, ribbed stem, growing up to 150 cm. The stem is covered with hard hairs, the branches are in its upper part, the leaves are large. It has a pleasant spicy, poorly captured smell. Blooms in June-July. White flowers are collected in a large umbrella. The fruits of hogweed (dvuzernovka) appear in August. It grows in fields, wastelands, along the banks of reservoirs.

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Nightshade sweet-bitter Perennial shrub up to 180 cm in height. The berries are red, elongated; children often confuse them with barberries. Lots of toxic compounds. Psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, delirium, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, dilated pupils, dry mouth. Urgently call an ambulance, before that, rinse the stomach, give any enterosorbent. (Solanum dulcamara)

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Veh poisonous, he is a hemlock (Cicuta virosa) Grows along the banks of stagnant reservoirs, in damp places, sometimes in the water itself. Blooms in July - August. The flowers are small, white, collected in a complex umbrella. The leaves are pinnate, doubly - triply dissected, the stems are branched, hollow. The fruits are round, the rhizome is thick, divided by transverse partitions into separate chambers filled with yellow juice - in small doses it is deadly. Poisonous substances are found in all parts, especially in the rhizome and young shoots. Neurotoxin. Abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, pale skin, convulsions. Urgently call an ambulance, before that, rinse the stomach, give any entero-obent.

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In the seeds, a dangerous alkaloid is ricin. Signs of poisoning occur after 15 hours, sometimes after 3 days. Retinal hemorrhage, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsions. Urgently deliver to a medical facility. Castor bean (Ricinus communis) Plant up to 2-3 meters high. The stems are straight, the leaves are palmately divided, the flowers are not decorative. Grown in gardens, flower beds. Poisonous seeds. The alkaloid ricin has been called "one of the most potent toxins known." This substance, derived from castor beans (the fruit of the castor bean), is many times more toxic than potassium cyanide, sarin gas, and cobra venom. The cells of the lungs, liver, kidneys are affected.

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Even the dried plant contains poison - aconitine. Skin itching, breathing quickens, then slows down, body temperature decreases, pain in the heart, convulsions, paralysis of the respiratory muscles, death. Urgently deliver to a medical facility. If not breathing, administer artificial mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Wrestler, he is aconite (Aconite) Perennial herbaceous plant with an erect stem, deeply palmately divided leaves, blue or purple flowers. Grows in damp places along river banks and roadsides, on humus-rich soils, in mountain meadows. The whole plant is poisonous.

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Plant stem - 15-40 cm tall. Blooms in May - July; bears fruit in July - August. It grows in forests, among shrubs, in shady places. All parts of the plant are poisonous, especially the rhizome and berry. The rhizome causes vomiting, and the berries act on the heart. Weed plant with an unpleasant odor, stem height 30-100 cm. Blossoms in June - August; seeds ripen in July - September. It is found near housing, along roads, in fields, gardens. All parts of the plant are poisonous (especially the seeds!). Poisoning causes dry mouth, skin rash, thirst, nausea and vomiting, cardiovascular disorders, mental disorder, convulsions. Symptoms of poisoning develop in the time interval from 10 minutes to 15 hours.

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Conclusion: Children are most often poisoned by poisonous plants. This also happens because they do not know which plants are poisonous. Poisonous plants should not be taken in the mouth, some even in the hands, you should not touch the eyes. Some poisons are found in plant sap, which is able to dissolve the fat that covers the surface of the skin; absorbed into the skin and getting into the blood, such juice causes poisoning. Be careful in the nature around you! We wish you good health!

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Sources of information: http://remeslennic.ru/2012/10/ru.wikipedia.org›wiki/Borets vitusltd.ru›cvet_kleshevina.html prime-flowers.ru›yadovitye-rasteniya.html 2mm.ru›Child health›Dangerous neighbours

Class: 5

Presentation for the lesson

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Target: development of the personality of each student through the development of the need for knowledge of nature.

Educational

life position

The unique capabilities of the PowerPoint computer program made it possible to use visual and auditory analyzers, to evoke feelings of delight, surprise, admiration, empathy - children see the diversity of those living nearby, their uniqueness, come to the idea of the significance of every living being on the planet, the need for knowledge about those who near. Considering the age psychological features children, the study of new material is offered as an exciting journey involving characters from cartoons, fairy tales, using a presentation. Fairy tale characters, photographs of plants, riddles, legends help the teacher to interest, establish contact with children, include them in work, relieve stress.

The lesson was developed for the textbook Sukhova T.S., Stroganov V.I. Natural history: 5th grade. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2008. §12. Substances produced by plants.

Lesson plan.

III. Reflection.

IV. Homework.

During the classes

What are changes in nature called? (Phenomena)

What kinds of phenomena do you know? (Chemical, physical, biological, social)

How are chemical phenomena different from physical ones? (During chemical phenomena, new substances are formed)

As a result, phytoncides, tannins, vitamins are formed in plants? (As a result chemical reactions that occur in plants)

Examination homework page 48:

Why is it recommended to put pieces of cotton wool moistened with onion juice in the nose with the flu?
For what purpose is gruel or infusion of horseradish roots used in the treatment of purulent wounds?
Why is inhaling phytoncides of crushed garlic cloves useful for flu or sore throat?

II. Learning new material.

Presentation

slide 1. Task for observers: Review the record, find a pattern and try to determine the topic of the lesson. You can work individually or in pairs (time 1-2 min.)

Discussion (when reading, the letter “v” should be skipped). Lesson topic: Dangerous plants.

Definition goals lesson.

Teacher: As a result of chemical reactions, plants create a variety of substances, including poisonous ones, and therefore become dangerous to humans. To get acquainted with these plants, we will go on a journey, and fairy-tale characters will help us in this. Look carefully, write the names of plants in a notebook. Pay attention to signs of poisoning and try to remember first aid measures.

Slide 2. Baba Yaga appears: “Hello! Today, I will tell you interesting story about Dunno and his friends”

Slide 3. They watched their favorite cartoon “The Adventures of Funtik the Pig” and a conversation took place between them. Dunno: "Oh, Mrs. Belladonna."

Znayka: “But I know that there is such a plant in the forest.”

Screw: "Maybe they have something in common."

Shpuntik: "Let's look at the computer."

Slide 4. We sat down at the computer and typed “Belladonna… Wow!”.

Slide 5. Belladonna or Atropa Belladonna.

What does the title mean? “ Beautiful woman”- many centuries ago, belladonna juice was instilled into the eyes for shine, rubbed on the cheeks for ruddiness.

Slide 6. Belladonna. Its poisonous properties have been known for a long time. An ointment was prepared from it, which was used during the witch trials. When it was rubbed, the active substances entered the bloodstream, which caused hallucinations, and the victims, under torture, said everything that was required of them. Poisons and love potions were also made from belladonna.

Slide 7. Belladonna. All parts of the plant contain poisons! For children, its shiny blue-black berries are especially dangerous, which in no case should be eaten, because just a few berries can be a lethal dose for a child.

Slide 8. Signs of poisoning - dry mouth, scratchy sore throat with difficulty swallowing, thirst, vomiting, dizziness and headache. Very feature- sharply dilated pupils, which increase very soon after belladonna poisoning. Then hallucinations appear with attacks of violent insanity, after which death occurs after 3-15 hours.

Slide 9. On the slide, the equal sign between two pictures depicting a belladonna plant and Mrs. Belladonna. Dunno says: “I understood why she was called not Madame Rose, but Belladonna, and you?”.

Children express their opinion, there is a discussion.

And friends decided:
"Let's go to the field,
Let's go to the forest!
There are many other miracles out there!
We will know flowers, fruits
To avoid trouble...

Turned to Yaga:
Grandma-Hedgehog, bone leg,
Everywhere you fly
You know everything in the world!
Tell and show you plants are different,
Dangerous for children… Please!!!”.

Slide 11. Baba Yaga answers:

“To pick a berry,
You need to know plants!
Get on the road soon -
I will ask my friends
to go everywhere with you
And what needs to be said…”

Slide 12. Black henbane. The ancient tribes that lived in Europe named this plant in honor of the sun god Belenus. The terrible power of henbane has long been known. The person who chewed the plant goes on a rampage, he imagines something: he got angry - he ate too much henbane, and now they are talking about a person who suddenly goes berserk.

Slide 13. Black henbane. Children are attracted to seed jugs that taste good, reminiscent of poppy seeds, and most often cause poisoning. The first signs of poisoning are dilated pupils, dizziness, redness of the face, excessive excitement, accompanied by delirium and hallucinations, then vomiting, convulsions, and death may occur.

Slide 14. Do not confuse poisonous veh with wild carrots. Cicuta is insidious with its pleasant carrot smell and rhizome, which tastes like a turnip or radish. 100-200g of rhizome is enough to kill a cow, and 50-100g will kill a sheep.

Slide 15. Poison milestone (hemlock). The most poisonous plant that is found in the Non-Black Earth zone. On the section of the rhizome of the poisonous milestone, there are partitions that form cavities. Signs of poisoning: nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, unsteady gait, foam at the mouth. The pupils are dilated, convulsions can result in paralysis and death.

Slide 16. Crow's eye. Mystery:

Growing in the forest
Under a bush on a long stalk.
There are four leaves around, and in the very depths
Blacker than the night - a berry, but a strong poison in me?

Popular names: crow, crow berries, cross-grass, bear berries, rannik.

In the Middle Ages, it was believed that "bewitched" people could be "disenchanted" with the help of a crow's eye. Berries were worn on the body or sewn into clothes to protect themselves from the plague and other contagious diseases.

Slide 17. Crow's eye. All parts of the plant, especially the berries, are slightly toxic.

Diarrhea, colic, bouts of dizziness were noted in case of poisoning.

Slide 18 A poisonous plant. The juice of the plant can cause blisters and even ulcers on the skin, the roots - vomiting and severe respiratory distress, the fruits - a state of stun.

Slide 19. Sweet-bitter nightshade (red). Carefully! Berries, especially unripe ones, are poisonous and can be very dangerous for children!

Slide 20. Wolf bast. Very poisonous. Its lovely red berries are the first danger for children in the forest: 10-15 berries can be a lethal dose.

On the skin, all parts of the plant cause severe irritation.

The consumption of berries leads to severe irritation of the stomach, intestines and kidneys. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever.

Slide 21. Brittle buckthorn. Fresh berries are slightly poisonous. They lead, especially in children, to diarrhoea, with colic.

Slide 22. Riddle: White peas on a green leg? May lily of the valley.

The plant is poisonous. In no case should you take its flowers and leaves in your mouth, and even more so berries! This can lead to severe poisoning and even death!

Slide 23. Dunno: “And I heard that people get medicine for the heart from lily of the valley. So this is a medicinal plant. Guys, what do you think? Discussion of information that the plant can be both poisonous and medicinal. From many poisonous plants, man has learned to obtain medicines.

Slide 24. They are also poisonous.

Slide 25. Spotted hemlock. Sosnovsky's hogweed.

Slide 26. Buttercup is poisonous. Bought medicinal.

Slide 27. Marsh marigold. Marsh ledum.

Slide 28. First aid for poisoning.

1. Give the victim inside a large amount (4-5 glasses) of warm salted water or a weak solution of "potassium permanganate" for gastric lavage.

Slide 29. First aid for poisoning.

2. Several activated charcoal tablets are crushed, mixed with water and given to the victim to drink. It is advisable to do a cleansing enema.

Slide 30. First aid for poisoning.

If you touch a poisonous plant with your hands or body, wash the affected area several times with soap and water or a solution of potassium permanganate.

Slide 31. First aid for poisoning.

The victim should immediately be taken to a medical facility for the provision of qualified medical care.

Be healthy!

Everyone should know this!

Slide 32. Baba Yaga asks Dunno and his friends:

“What do you guys say?”
They answer her:
“We visited the forest,
We saw all the beauty!
We learned a lot and now we have become smarter ...
unfamiliar berries
We won't tear!
Plants native land
Let's study!"

Slide 33. Reflection ..

Today I found out...
It was interesting…
It was difficult…
It was helpful…
I realized that...
I purchased...
I will try…
I was surprised...
The job gave me life...
I wanted…

IV. Slide 34. Homework.

§12. Page 51. Make a memo for the whole family on the topic "Dangerous Plants".

Choice tasks.

Compose the cinquain "Poisonous Plants".

Create a presentation "Medicinal plants" - 5 slides.

Slide 35. Sources of information:

hppt//www.ki-moscow.narod.ru/Medicinal plants in medicine, pharmacology, homeopathy and folk medicine
hppt//www.kruqosvet. en
hppt//www. obzorfins.ru
hppt//www.rosfoto.ru
hppt//www.vmiretrav.ru. poisonous plants
hppt//www.wikipedia.ru

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Slides captions:

DANGEROUS PLANTS Hello, forest, dense forest, Full of fairy tales and wonders! What are you talking about with the foliage On a dark, stormy night? What are you whispering at dawn, Covered in dew as in silver? Who is hiding in your wilderness? What kind of animal? What bird? Open everything, do not conceal: You see - we are our own!

MUSHROOM GLADE edible not edible

Stop "Unidentified plants" Wolf's bast Crow's eye Lily-of-the-valley belladonna

Crow's eye Leaves with a cross and a thin stalk, At the top - a black fruit - an ember. Only a cast berry is not for us. Crow's eye poisonous to humans! The raven eye attracts the eye! He looks from the leaves for a long time and point-blank. Gypsy brilliance will bewitch you ... Do not approach him! He is terribly poisonous!

WOLF'S BATT This shrub is original. It blooms in April, May. When there are no leaves in the forest, He is all dressed up with flowers. Four petals are elongated with a tube, Lilac - pink, 2 and 3 flowers each. And in August, among the foliage Kostyashki - berries are visible. Berries are oval-red Though beautiful, but dangerous! The plant is very poisonous, No wonder it is called - wolf's bast!

May lily of the valley Wonderful pretty plant is actively used in medicine. Drops prepared from the plant soothe, strengthen the heart. But lily of the valley too poisonous plant. Especially dangerous are its inedible red fruits, which are often seen in the August forest. The plant has an intoxicating smell, as if warning: dangerous, do not come near.

BEAM (BELLADONNA) The belladonna is one of the most poisonous herbs. "Mad Cherry", "sleepy dope" - this is what the people call it. It is a perennial herbaceous plant of the nightshade family with an upright thick green or purple-colored stem, reaching 1.5-2 m in height. The leaves are large and pointed. The flowers are solitary, rather large, dark purple (occasionally the corolla is yellow), inconspicuous in appearance. The plant blooms in June-August, bears fruit in July-September. The fruit is a shiny black-blue berry, the size of a cherry. The rhizome is thick. In autumn it produces a poisonous black berry with a purple hue, which ripens on a dirty purple (or green) stem. It blooms with bell-shaped brown-violet flowers.

Fly agaric MUSHROOM GLADE Look how good it is! Red hat with polka dots, Lace collar He is not new to the forest.

Pale toadstool MUSHROOM GLADE There is a mischievous old woman, She has a pale hat on, And her foot is in a boot, There are mottles on her stocking.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Summary of a lesson on life safety with the inclusion of a computer game on the topic "danger at home" Purpose: To form in children the ability to anticipate life-threatening situations that threaten and ...